Document JRBkYgXZKVQ613LO3x7Vp8VK

FILE NAME Industrial Hygiene Foundation IHF DATE 1978 DOC IHF108 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION Industrial Hygiene Digest - 1978 Issues - Covers TOCS & Abstracts _ January 1978 Volume 42 No. 1 _ INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST _ LITERATURE >. . ~ ABSTRACTS =). ENVIRONMENTAL _ OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND ~ SAFETY NEWS 7 ; INDUSTRIAL HEALTH FOUNDATION INC 5231 CENTRE AVENUL . PITTSBURGH PA 15232 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST Editor Jane F. Brishin M.L S. Abstractors Cynthia S. Bryan B.A Jean L. Collins B.A. January 1978 Volume 42 No. 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS This Issue Contains Abstract Numbers 1/78 -- 100/78 News Items . : . . : * Coming Events nn . . : : : . : : . Legal Developments . Lo - . oe . Books and Pamphlets . . . . . Industrial Medicine . . . . : oe Skin Diseases and Burns . . . Chemical Hazards . ' .. . : : . : : : : Industrial Dusts and Inhalants : . . . . : . . Physical Hazards + eo . - - : , . : . Radiation . . . . : : : : : : . . . Environmental Problems Lo . . oe en . . . Preventive Engineering Management Occupational Health Prevention Safety and Accident : - . : . . : . soo . oo . soe . . . . Analytical Methods . Miscellaneous . Lee Loo, . , Index Addresses of Journals Abstracted . ' ne FEATURES A Mortality Study of Coke Oven Workers in Two South Wales Integrated Steelworks Organic Practical Pulmonary Function Testing Testing Acute Toxicity and Skin Corrosion Data for Some and Inorganic Compounds and Aqueous Solutions Lead Poisoning in a Group of Demolition Workers . Mortality from Pesticides in the United States in 1973 and 1974 Report on Carcinogenesis Bioassay of Chlordane and Heptachlor A Screening Procedure for Testing the Effects of Pollutants in Mammals Use of Statisties when Examining Lifetime Studies in Rodents to Detect Carcinogenicity Abst Abst Abst Abst Abst Abst Abst Absl 7 x 26 30 32 34 28/78 31/78 40/78 44/78 53/78 54/78 97/78 100/78 100/78 Industrial Hygiene Digest _ January 1978 concentrations of nitrogen dioxide that were approximately 10 times higher than could be attributed to the high exhaust stacks and two to three times higher than could be attributed to the low exhaust outlets Moreover the in- cab levels of exhaust gas were approximately 10 times higher for the idling mode than for the road mode for all three exhaust release locations low outlet pipe leak and high stack action level of 0.5 ppm in 50 percent of the idling tests Total levels exceeded the proposed NIOSH Asbestos Excess of Lung Cancer Deaths Found in NIOSH Study of Tale Workers 7 951-952 Dec. 8 1977 Occup Safety & Health Reporter 10/78 The results were presented by NIOSH epidemiologist Sherry Solevan at the Society of Occupational and Environmental Health Conference on Fibrous and Particulate Dust held December 6-7 1977 in Washington D.C. Millers in the study showed an excess of nonmalignant respiratory disease while miners had an excess of lung cancer Selevan told the conference Five deaths from lung cancer were observed where 1.5 were expected among the 90 workers in the study who had died Overall the 90 deaths of workers at four companies in three locations in Vermont compared to an expected 77 deaths according to the NIOSH researcher Of the nonmalignant respiratory disease cases excluding influenza and pneumonia seven deaths were found among the millers where 0.89 were expected NIOSH personnel also reported on environmental and medical studies of industrial tale operations where asbestos is present in New York state Among the presentations was a finding reported by David Brown of a threefold increase in lung cancer among workers at the Gouverneur Tak Company Mine in New York In th environmental study on the Vermont tale operations performed for NIOSH and presented by Maryanne Boundy Harvard School of Public Health researchers found that the tale had only trace amounts of quartz in 15 percent of the samples No asbestos could be detected by electron microscopy ray defraction or other methods In paper prepared for delivery by David H. Wegman also of Harvard it was concluded that there was an action between smoking and tale exposure Wegman reported that the sectional measurement of lung function in the tale workers was different from the normal population in FEV but not FVC testing William E. Smith Fairleigh Dickinson University described to the conference tests on hamsters aimed at discovering the carcinogenic and fibrogenic potential of minerals Smith said that his researchers were able to produce tumors by injection of chrysotile asbestos fibers provided the doses were large enough Tremolite such as that found in industrial tale produced no tumors however Smith reported He added that samples which induced no tumors showed a lark of long thin particles evident in other samples which did cause tumors Smith noted that the fibrinogenicity of samples paralleled their carcinogenicity Increased Cual Production Will Lead to Increased Injuries and Disease NIOSH Says Job Safety & Health Rep 7 188 Nov. 29 1977 Increasing coal production to billion tons per year cannot be achieved without incurring additional costs in occupationally induced disease related disabling injuries and deaths The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health reported NIOSH's report was Increased Coal Utilization which was established made to the Committee on Health and in response to the President's National Ecological Effects of energy plan NIOSH concluded in its report that occupational injuries and illnesses would be minimized if the additional million tons of coal required were primarily obtained from surface mines The Agency explained that if 90 of the additional coal came from surface mines there would be 30 fewer cases of pneumoconiosis black lung than if 56 of the additional toniiage current proportion obtained from surface mines Similar Cecreases would be felt in other respiratory ailments associated with coal mining NIOSH said If 90 of the additional coal is mined at the surface current trends suggest projects that the incremental increase in disease compared to 1976 will be 3,845 cases of pneumoconiosis 21,900 cases of chronic bronchitis 5,800 cases of dyspnea and 15,950 cases of Industrial Hygiene Digest January 1978 opstructive airway diseases In addition there would be 39 additional fatalities and 3,336 additional disabling injuries Noise exposure would also be at unacceptable levels in surface mines NIOSH noted but indicated that the hazard would still be less severe than it would be in underground mines Heat and cold stress would be areas of increased risk in surface mines NIOSH said adding that they are hazards which can be easily controlled 11/78 Practical Noise Reduction in Machinery Related Operations Ind Hyg News Rep 20 3-4 Dec. 1977 Some practical approaches to the control of noise hygienist or plant engineer were enumerated by in the industrial environment that are available to Howard Routson of HRA Inc. 2600 Needmore the industrial Rd Dayton OH 45414 who spoke at the 6th International Pollution Engineering Exposition and Congress in Atlanta November - simple 1977. A brief rundown follows 1. The first step to reduce plant noise is housekeeping and maintenance keep machine inlets and outlets free of debris keep components such as chains gears and pulleys properly lubricated and replace worn bits blades and gears 2. Properly designed and selected blow silencers ear reduce the noise output of high pressure equipment one specific silencer utilizes a design which spreads the exhaust gas uniformly over the silencer to produce a quieter operation 3. To reduce sound levels of compressors noise s^...eneers can be installed at air intakes and outlets Silencers can be combined with filters at the mtakes in provide a unit equipment can type air filters noise in an air act as line that not only cuts the noise of pressurized gases but cleans them as well Smaller air powered produce lower noise levels with installed behind air return grills the aid of spun or behind lower fibrous glass or plastic encased mufflers velocity air supply grills will decrease the 4. Baffic amount of eirculating system 5. Air valve noise suppressors used in conjunction with pressure reducing valves suppressors and usually with relief valves act also as vent silencers Deflector assembly walls produce directional changes in the Mow causing it to come in contact with absorbing walls The acoustic energy is converted into heat as it passes through the sound absorbing materials Though this process reduces noise by as much as 30 dBA it does not decrease line pressure appreciably 12/78 12/78 12/78 EPA Investigates Dec. 1977 Potential Asbestos Hazards from Crushed Stone Quarries Environ Control News 7 6 . EPA announced on November 20 1977 that it will study the crushed stone industry determine the asbestos content of serpentinite rock at quarrying operations If EPA determines from the results of this survey that the production and use of containing serpentinite rock is causing asbestos emissions in a number of locations regulations protecting public asbestos contents health from into the air this danger would be proposed Serpentinite rock may break Exposure to airborne asbestos fibers has been directly linked to up and release its the development of cancers lining the chest and abdomen according to EPA On April 6 1973 EPA set national emission standard for asbestos which among other things specifically prohibit the surfacing of roadways with containing waste material from asbestos manufacturing plants The standards however do not forbid surfacing with asbestos- containing stone Earlier this year results of EPA air samples taken in Montgomery County near Washington DC near gravel While some roads where unbound crushed stone was in readings were extremely low other readings use revealed were as high a wide range of concentrations of as 17 million fibers per cuble meter asbestos and 6400 nanograms per cubic ineter nanogram is a weight measure one billionth of a gram The highest concentrations measured were as much as 1000 times higher than those usually found in urban areas Bound stone is that on which a coating such as oil or asphalt has been applied to stop dust material from being released into the air 5 Industrial Hygiene Digest . s January 1978 13/78 Asbestos Tale Exposure May Explain Stomach Cancer Along Rubber Workers SOEH Told Reporter 7 1162 Dec. 22 1977 Occup Safety & Health 14/78 15/78 Possible exposure to asbestos in tale used in a rubber manufacturing plant may explain an excess of stomach cancer among rubber workers according to a study by the Occupational Health Studies Group at the University of North Carolina Tale containing asbestos is sometimes used as an antistieking agent in rubber manufacturing Steve Blum author of the study said In an earlier report Blum was mcorrectly quoted as saying the stomach cancer was caused by exposure to asbestos in tale Rather Blum concluded that while the present investigation revealed a suggestive association between possible tale and presumed asbestos exposure and stomach cancer definitive conclusions must await further analysis The study was described at the Society for Occupational and Environmental Health Conference held December 5-7 1977 New EPA Data Shows Progress in Cleaning up America's Air . Environ News p 1-4 Dec. 21 1977 Environmental Protection Agency Administrator Douglas M. Costle released data showing that America has made significant progress in cleaning up its air from 1970-1976 but also has experienced some setbacks Citing figures from a new EPA study National Air Quality and Emissions Trends Report 1976 Costle pointed out that from 1970 to 1976 -- Sulfur dioxide levels dropped 27 percent -Carbon monoxide levels were cut 20 percent -- Particulates smoke and dust decreased 12 percent In the short term however some reversals have taken place From 1975 to 1976 for example many areas experienced increases in particulates Slight increases in photochemical oxydants were also noted in many parts of the country , It should be noted that short term variations can be much more sensitive to meteorological variations Monitoring and Data Analysis Division than long Office of term trends Copies of the report are available free from the Air Quality Planning and Standards U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park North Carolina 27711 or phone 919 541-5351 Effects of Arsenic Exposure on Industrial Workers Studied Ind Hyg News Rep 20 1 Dec. 1977 To correlate specific effects of arsenic exposure on the nervous system with industrial exposure a double study of 111 men was undertaken recently at Boston University School of Medicine 80 E. Concord Boston MA 02118 Some details were presented by Clyd~ Niles M.D. of the Department of Neurology at the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Public Health Association held in Washington D.C. November 1-3 1977. The parameters studied included 1 clinical exam history and neurological evaluation 2 electrophysiological tests of the sensory and motor nerves in the upper and lower extremities and 3 laboratory studies of arsenic trioxide in blood hair urine and nail specimens Screening of blood for other heavy metals diabetes and anemia was performed A scheme to classify the neurological status of the men was based on both clinical judgment of the neurologist and the normal objective measurements of the electrophysiological exam The men were categorized as clinical or clinical neuropathy Using this system a significant association was shown between arsenie content in urine and nails and an increase in neuropathological symptoms P 0.05 Differences in average nerve conductor velocities and amplitudes were detected among workers classified by place of employment It was concluded that chronic arsenic exposure in an industrial setting affects the peripheral nervous system and that the neurological parameters involving both clinical and quantitative measurements must be considered in developing an industrial screening profile for arsenic related neuropathies 5 Industrial Hygiene Digest o January 1978 Th Materials Consumer Patching Compounds and Artificial Emberizing Form Asbestos Establishmenats Banned Hazardous Products Embers and Ash Containing Respirable Frec Consumer Product Safety Commission Fed Reg 42 63354-63365 Dec. 15 1977 In this document the Commission declares that the following products containing respirable form asbestos are banned hazardous products under the Consumer Product Safety Act 1 Consumer patching compounds used to join walls and ceilings mixing of the product before it is applied sanding of the product after it is or repair interior be inhaled and 2 Artificial after of the process release asbestos fibers that can completion dried cleanup air currents in the materials embers and ash used in fireplaces to simulate live embers and ash ordmary emberizing issues this ban in order to reduce or eliminate household move asbestos fibers that can be inhaled The Commission types the unreasonable risk of injury from certain of cancer that may result from inhaling asbestos fibers released during the use of these products 1 For consumer patching compounds containing respirable form asbestos issued at section 1304 applies to products manufactured or initially introduced into commerce on the regulation For all other consumer patching compounds containing respirable form January 16 1978 or after that date introduced into commerce the regulation at section 1304 applies asbestos no matter when manufactured or initially on June 12 1978 and after that date 2 For artificial emberizing materials containing respirable form in commerce on December 15 1977 or after that asbestos the regulation issued at section 1305 applies to products e date COMING EVENTS | March 1-2 Noise Control in the Process Industries Sheraton Hotel Atlanta Write AIChE 345 E. 47th St. New York N. 10017 March 6-8 4th Annual Symposium on Disposal of Hazardous Wastes St. Anthony Hotel San Antonio Texas Write David Wi Southwest Research Institute P.O. Drawer 28510 San Antonio Texas 78284 Shultz March 8-10 Biomedical Statisties Short Course No. 396 George Washington University Washington D.C. Continuing Engineering Education George Washington University Washington D.C. 20052 Write Martha Augustin March 10-12 55th Annual Meeting of American Institute of Chemists Anaheim Calif Ave. Washington D.C. 20014 Write Dave Roethel AIC 7315 Wisconsin March 12-16 San Francisco Write G. C. Boxill Ph.D. Wyeth Laboratories Inc. Society of Toxicology Hyatt Regency Hotel Paoli Pa 19301 March 12-17 175th ACS National Meeting Anaheim Calif 20030 Write A. T. Winstead ACS 1155-16th St. \ N.W. Washington D.C. 7 Industrial Hygiene Digest January 1978 18.78 When is Asbestos Monitoring Necessary Occup Hazards 39 189-190 192 194 Oct. 1977 During his inspection of the Goodyear petrochemical and latex rubber plant in Houston Texas an OSHA compliance officer caught sight of a group of pipefitters removing the metal jacketing from some pipe and replacing asbestos insulation with asbestos insulation Moving closer he saw that whereas a small portion of the old asbestos insulation was dry when it was removed most of it had been saturated with water before it was removed from the pipe He also noted that though all the employees working on the job were wearing respirators no monitoring for asbestos fibers in the air was taking place OSHA cited Goodyear for alleged nonserious violations of the monitoring and recordkeeping requirements of the asbestos standard contained in the OSH Act and proposed a 50 penalty Goodyear contested the citation Their foreman admitted before Judge J. Paul Brenton that not all the old asbestos insulation was saturated before being replaced and therefore some fibers were released At the same time be pointed out that most of the insulation was saturated before removal and therefore the number of fibers actually getting into the air was very small The foreman also testified that all the asbestos insulation whether wet or dry was jacketed that the pipefitters replacing it always wore respirators and that 90 percent of their work was performed outdoors All of these factors made the chances of exposure to asbestos fibers minuscule he concluded and thereby negated the need for monitoring While admitting that he had not sampled for asbestos fibers on the inspection the OSHA compliance officer testified that based on his 21 years experience in the petrochemical industry he was of the opinion that some release of asbestos fibers had occurred and that contrary to the requirements of the cited standard had not been monitored The OSHA area director and industrial hygienist corroborated his testimony Judge Brenton ruled in Goodyear's favor stating that the cited standard requires monitoring only where asbestos fibers are released into the air not every place where asbestos is used The more presence of asbestos insulation be it wel or dry does not prove release OSHA appealed Brenton's decision to the Review Commission arguing that the cited standard does not require proof of exposure for monitor.ng purposes bul rather only requires proof that asbestos fibers were released In majority opinion by Chairman Frank Barnako the Review Commission upheld Brenton's decision 19/78 Weyerhaeuser Charges Harassment by OSHA in Workplace Noise Citations 1159 Dec. 22 1977 Occup Safety & Health Reporter 7 The Occupational Safety and Health Administration has engaged in a nationwide program to harass the Weyerhaeuser Company by charging the company repeatedly with violation of workplace noise standards Weyerhaeuser charged in a suit filed in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Wisconsin The suit Weyerhaeuser Cn vs. Ray Marshall et al asserted that inspections at Weyerhaeuser corrogated box plants in Michigan Hawaii California New Jersey Mississippi and Wisconsin all resulted in the same type of corrugator noise citations which have been withdrawn or dismissed for lack of evidence of any violation All inspections have been followed further by a reinspection reinstituted litigation and then a second dismissal or withdrawal of all charges by the agency the suit added Weyerhaeuser further maintained that during an inspection at plant in Manitowoc Wis last summer an OSHA inspector commented that repeated inspections were a good idea because after a while one of the judges will see it in our favor In the suit the company requested a court order prohibiting continuation of the alleged harrassment and dismissal of citations against the firm Weyerhaeuser also maintained that the OSHA inspections were illegal because inspectors had improper search warrants February 1978 Volume 42 No. 2 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST : 7 LITERATURE . ABSTRACTS ENVIRONMENTAL AND - OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND | SAFETY NEWS Sare CS Ty 3 rE pe FOUNDATION INDUSTRIAL HEALTH INC PITTSBURGH PA 15232 : 1 5231 CENTRE AVENUE _ INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST Editor Jane F. Brislin M.L.S. Abstractors Cynthia S. Bryan B.A. Jean L. Collins B.A. February 1978 Volume 42 No. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS This Issue Contains Abstract Numbers 101/78- 205/78 News Items Events 6 6 eee 8 eh ee ee ee Coming Events ee ee see ee , 2. 6 6 ee ee Legal Developments . 6 6 2 eee ee et eS Pamap ndhPl ame pht les ts . 6 6 6 6 se ee eh et ees Industrial Medicine . . . - - > s+ toe ee te ee Skin Diseases and Burns 2. 6 8 6 6 et ee ee ee Chemical Hazards ee eee Le ee Industrial Dusts and Inhalants . ' . + + + + es Physical Hazards 6 ee ee Rad2i ...a 08 6t eei eeo een e Environmental Problems . 6 5 ss + Preventive Engineering . - 2 6 es 6 Occupational Health Management . . Safety and Accident Prevention " - Analytical Methods Miscellaneous . - te ee 9 + +s ee er . ts 6 ee re es 6 + + sts s+ + ++ + Index - +: Addresses of Journals a .-- - : a ara -_ 8 ee ee & & & we e He BF * FEATURES Lung Cancer Mortality in a Steel Foundry Respiratory Diseases in Arc Welders Experimental Carcinogenesis of Pyrolysis Fuel Lead Effects Among Secondary Lead Smelter with Blood Lead Levels Below 80 100 Oil Workers ml Neurotoxic Effects of Mercury Review Carcinogenicity Bioassays of Vinylidene Chloride Research Plan and Early Results Exposure of Animals and Man to Toluene Mortality Among Employees Chronically Exposed to Caustic Dust Abst Abst Abst Abst Abst Abst Abst Abst ws . * a eee ' ee ~ se eee we ee ee aa ee ee . . aoe ee ee. s --, --/-- --/-- --/-- 11 15 15 23 26 28 28 29 30 30 32 35 37 123/78 126/78 139/78 143/78 148/78 152/78 156/78 170/78 Industrial Hygiene Digest February 1978 . 104/78 Acute Pulmonary Toxicity of Manganese Dioxide Supplement , 1977. 77 refs R. Bergstrom Scand J. Work Environ Health 3 7-41 Industrial exposures to manganese occur primarily by inhalation Exposure to airborne dust containing manganese symptoms may cause a chronic disorder of the central nervous system with similar to Parkinsonism The first cases of manganese poisoning were reported in 1837 by Couper in Glasgow who observed the symptoms in five manganest ore crushers Since then manganese poisoning has been reported by several authors Exposure to airborne manganese dust may also affect the lungs The pulmonary effects of manganese are not as well documented as the neurological effects and there are discrepancies concerning the interpretation of the pulmonary toxicity of manganese reference to The the aim of the present mechanisms behind work was to investigate the pulmonary the acute cellular reactions in the lung toxicity of manganese with sponz As a background a review of the literature on epidemiologic and experimental studies is presented The methods measurements and results of experimental studies on the effects of acute MnO2 exposure in guinea pigs is then described followed by a general discussion of the methods and results ; Cond from Introduction INDUSTRIAL DUSTS AND INHALANTS 165/78 Pathogenic Effects of Asbestos M. Kannerstein et al Arch Pathol Lab Med 101 623-628 Dec. 1977 63 : refs The enormous increase in the use of asbestos during this century has necessitated the intensive study of 1: pathogenic effects The occurrence of pulmonary parenchymal and pleural fibrosis and an increased prevalence o pulmonary and gastrointestinal carcinoma and of pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma have been establist + relationship also to laryngeal carcinoma is pprobabrle obable Mesothelioma has been associated with rec occupational domestic and neighborhood exposure and the possibility of a similar correlation of pulmone carcinoma with low exposure has been suggested Pulmonary fibrosis and pleural plaques have beer demonstrate under these circumstances The physical characteristics of the asbestos fiber appear to be the principal factors a its carcinogenic action The ability of fine short fibers especially fragmented chrysotile to reach the would appear to account for many of the pathogenetic and anatomical features of asbestos disease pleur -Authors -Authors abst 166/78 Some New Perspectives on the Biological Effects of Asbestos 1977. 95 refs Q. Rahman et Environ Res 14 487-498 Dec * A brief review of recent biochemical investigations conducted on the biological effects of asbestos is presente a along with critical appraisal of the likely mechanisms involved Involvement of intracellular organelles suet as lysosomes and mitochondria along with changes in various biochemical basis of asbestosis The central role for a ketoglutarat~ | tissue constituents helps us to understand the metabolism and related brochemical asprets asprets are pointed out and a few areas where further work is needed are suggested --Authors abst + 23 Industrial Hygiene Digest February 1978 167/78 167/78 167/78 Penetration of the Small Intestinal Mucosa by Asbestos Fibers Proc 52 809-812 Dec. 1977. 8 refs A. R. Storeygard and A. L. Brown Jr. Mayo Clin Amosite asbestos fibers suspended in saline were placed in an isolated segment of rat jejunum in vivo One hour later segments of jejunal mucosa were taken for exantination by scanning electron microscopy Fibers were seen penetrating the epithelial surface in three of the five rats exposed to the amosite suspension Fibers also were present in the lamina propria . --Authors abst 168/78 168/78 Correlation of Quantitative Asbestos Body Counts and Occupation in Urban Patients Arch Pathol Lab Med 101 629-634 Dec. 1977. 28 refs A. Churg and M. L. Warnock Asbestos bodies were quantified in digests of lung from 252 urban patients who were over 40 years of age Patients were assigned to six occupational categories that had been determined without knowledge of asbestos body counts Asbestos bodies were present in the lungs of 96 of the total population Fewer than 12 of the collar men and the blue and collar women had more than 100 asbestos bodies pergram of lung whereas 32 of the collar men not working in steel mills or construction 45 of steelworkers and 65 of construction workers had more than 100 asbestos bodies per gram kung This distribution suggests that almost everyone in our population has some exposure to asbestos and certain persons are subject to an additional occupational exposure Whether asbestos bodies in low concentration are related to disease remains to be determined --Authors summary Asbestos Anon Lancet 2 1211-1212 Dec. 1977 17 refs Public anxiety about asbestos safety workers are still environmental contamination has descended from its zenith a few months ago but community and health- much The exercised by control of the hazards in industry major biological effects are asbestosis asbestosis carcinoma and the of lung implications of and mesothelial tumours Research effort is now directed towards establishing the carcinogenicity of the different types of fibre and determining response relationships on which a national standard for asbestos dust in air can be based This article reports on the most recent research on asbestos Cond trom text 70/78 Mortality among Employers Chronically Exposed to Caustic Dust Dec. 1977. 5 refs M. G. Ott et J. Occup Med 19 813-816 Previous studies have reported on individuals acutely but not chronically exposed to caustic sodium hydroxide limited The present investigation examines mortality in population chronically exposed to caustic dust for periods of up to 30 years or more There were no findings of significantly increased mortality in relation to duration or intensity of caustic dust exposure Because of the small size of the present population and the luck of information in the literature there is need for additional mortality surveillance however it is recommended that careful monitoring of acute exposure episodes be continued as the most productive means of assessing the health hazards of | : caustic exposure in occupational settings -Authors abst 24 March 1978 Volume 42 No. 3 _ INDUSTRIAL INDUSTRIAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST 7 LITERATURE ABSTRACTS coe ENVIRONMENTAL a OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH ANDNEWS ~ SAFETY NEWS INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 5231 CENTRE AVENUE FOUNDATION INC + . PITTSBURGH PITTSBURGH PA 15232 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST Editor Jane F. Brislin M.L.S. Abstractors Cynthia S. Bryan B.A. Jean L. Collins B.A. March 1978 Volume 42 No. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS This Issue Contains Abstract Numbers 206/78 -- 326/78 Items . 0 ee eet tt Coming Events - = 6 et ert tte Legal Developments - Books and Pamphlets 6. . - eee ee tt 6 ee ee et tt tee Industrial Medicine " ee ee ee Skin Diseases and Burns e e ee Chemical Hazards s ettee ee ht tees Industrial Dusts and inhalants ee ee eee eh Physical Hazards . 2 ee ee ee ee Rad6i -6a et e ion es tee ee Environmental Problems 2. 6 6 ee ee hee . Occupational Health Management s/s ers ttt Safety and Accident Prevention + 6 - +: Analytical Methods Miscellaneous Index cc ee ce Addresses of Journals ' 6 6 se 6 ) ee ee ee tee Rs 8 er ee 8 2 84 > ee ee er Po ee ee er ed aos e 6 & 8 2 FEATURES The Occupational Hazards of Formulating Oral Contraceptives Survey of Plant Employees Biomedical and Psychosocial Aspects of Shift Work The Influence of Two Barrier Creams on the . Percutaneous Absorption of Xylene in Man Chromosomal Aberrations in Workers Professionally Exposed to Lead Mutagenicity of Fume Particles from Stainless Steel Welding Hygiene Standard for Cadmium British Occupational Hygiene Society Committee on Hygiene Standards veor Subcommittee on Cadmium Styrene Exposure An Experimental Study of Pulmonary Absorption and Exeretion Sound Level Meters The State of the Art Abst Abst Abst Abst Abst 229/78 235/75 243/75 253/78 256/78 Abst Abst 267/78 294 Industrial Hygiene Digest $ 280/78 Comparative Toxicity of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Dibenzofurans in Rats Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 43 13-22 Jan. 1978. 33 refs S. Oishi et al March 1978 concentrations The toxic effects of polychlorinated biphenyl PCB mixtures and polychlorinated dibenzofurans PCDFs were compared on mate derived rats fed diets containing 100 ppm of PCB and 1 or 10 ppm of PCDP for 4 weeks Rats fed ppm diets of PCDF developed chloracne lesions on the ears within 3 weeks PCDF markedly and In rats fed diets containing 10 ppin of PCDF significantly decreased PCR slightly depressed body weight gain and seminal vesicle weights were found Hemoglobin and hematocrit values were thymus ventral prostate minimal effects on thymus and accessory decreased in rats fed either diet containing PCDF PCBs produced very Both PCR and PCDF increased serum cholesterol concentrations and sex organ weights and hematologic values and leucine aminopeptidase activity PCDI cholinesterase activity and decreased triglyceride decreased serum glutamic transaminase activity and testosterone concentration in testis and inereusec oxaloacetic transam^>nuseactivity These results suggest that in the rat PCDFs are more toxie serum , , - Authors summary substances than PCBs when administered in the diet 281/78 Features Specific for the L. M. Sasinovich et al Resorptive Action of New Pesticides Gig Trud Prof. Zabul 7 34-36 1977. Belonging to Different refs Russian Chemical Chemical Groups In experiments on rats rabbits and guinea pigs the resorptive action of 36 new pesticides belonging to involved a single 2000 kg and repeated fold different chemical groups was studied Investigations to the skin of 100mg every time action The criteria for evaluation were the death of the animals application biochemical and histological tests The physiological as well as a change in the number of organophosphorus pesticides were most toxie viz phosvel acaricide 228F cyanox bromophos The nature of a changes in the state of the organism following their action bore evidence to lesion of the central nervous system and to the presence chiefly in the liver of an acute inflammatory process The action of chlorine disturbed functions and structure of the kidneys and liver Renal pesticides manifested itself by significantly was characteristic of the action produced by carbamie and dithiocarbamie localization of the inflammatory process acids Skin applications of compounds containing the nitrogroup were followed by signs of affection of the -- Authors summary in English hemopoietic system INDUSTRIAL DUSTS AND INHALANTS 282/78 On the Justifiability of the Existing Maximum Permissible Concentration for Containing Dust F. M. Kogan et al Gig Trud Prof. Zabol 7 37-40 1977. 9 refs Russian departments Among workers with a service record of 17 years in basic dust concentration level stood continually below the MPC m was registered This confirms the justifiability of the MPC of the asbestos industry not a single case of asbestosis or suspected for the containing dust of 2 where the asbestosis adopted in the USSR Concentrations exceeding 5 to fold of this MPC cannot be considered safe -- Authors abst in English 24 Industrial Hygiene Digest March 1978 283/78 Mesothelioma Possibly Due to Environmental Exposure to Asbestos in Childhood Intl Arch Occup Environ Health 40 2 141-143 1977. 6 refs K. J. Arul and P. F. Hoit A case of diffuse pleural mesothelioma with widespread metastases is described At first the tumor was thought to be a spontaneous mesothelioma Later while watching a television program on asbestos exposure the patient remembered living near to an asbestos factory for two years during childhood -- Authors summary 284/78 A Further Contribution to the Study of Respiratory Physiopathology of Asbestosis Med Lavoro 68 364-373 Sept./Oct 1977. 22 refs Italian 1. Sessa et al cement The study considered 46 asbestosis patients undergoing radiological control and 42 subjects who were exposed to the risk of asbestos dust In addition to clinical and radiological examination the following tests were also carried out spirography flow FEF 200-1200 FMF 25-75 CO transfer with ventilatory output index membrare diffusion and pulmonary capillary volume hemo gas analysis PaO2 Ph PaCO2 Hb gr HbO2 tuse balance 1 By registration of the forced expiratory flow curve and calculation of the mean forced expiratory flow on the points of the expiratory curve corresponding to 25 and 75 the presence of an obstructive component in the small bronchia can be observed 2 with membrane diffusion determination and pulmonary capillary volume there is no localization of diffusion at the membrane level 3 By determination of HbCO there is evidence of higher rates than the normal mean of smokers with consequent negative influence on cellu er hypoxemia alterations The same which are functional behavior but less evident in subjects at risk confirms the presence of functional typical of respiratory impairment caused by fibrosis due to asbestos even in the absence of these functional alterations are however useful for a radiological diagnosis of the discase radiological signs - Authors summary in English and of course for prevention purposes . ; 285/78 Magnesium and Cytotoxic Effects of Asbestos Fibers Med Lavoro 68 349-354 Sept./Oct 1977. 14 refs A. Pelfrene The effect of leaching magnesium and calcium ions from three different types of asbestos fibers chrysotile crocidolite and amosite was studied in vivo using a transparent chamber inserted in the Syrian Golden hamster cheek pouch In vitro studies employed suspensions of asbestos fibers in normal saline No pH variations were observed in fluids and biological membranes of the hamster cheek pouches whereas a significant shifting of the pH values was noted in the in vitro suspensions accompanied by an important increase in magnesium in the suspension medium after 24 and 72 hours - Author's abst 286/78 Review of Early Results of Comparative Tests with the Konimeter and the Thermal Precipitator in Asbestos Mines R. S. J. Du Toit Ann Occup Hyg 20 279-281 Dec. 1977 Four sets of simultaneous samples were taken by konimeter and thermal precipitator in South African asbestos mines and fiberizing plants between 1940 and 1967. The results suggest that for practical application the instruments are comparable for fibers down to the limit of detectability - Author's abst 25 April 1978 Volume 42 No. 4 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST LITERATURE : * - ABSTRACTS a a > ENVIRONMENTAL OCCUPATIONAL - OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY NEWS INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 5231 CENTRE AVENUE . FOUNDATION INC PITTSBURGH PA 15232 INDUSTRIAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST Editor Jane F. Brislin M.L.S. Abstractors Cynthia S. Bryan B.A. Jean L. Collins B.A. April 1978 Volume 42 No. 4 _ TABLE OF CONTENTS This Issue Contains Abstract Numbers 327/78 -- 444/78 News Items . Coming Events ... . Legal Developments . Books and Pamphlets . Industrial Medicine Chemical Hazards . Industrial Dusts and . Inhalants Physical Hazards Radiation 6. + 6 + 6 ee es Environmental Problems Preventive Engineering . Occupational Health Management . Safety Accident Prevention Analytical Methods Miscellaneous Addresses of Journals . woe . eee . . : . . . . , . rar . oo . oo . ' . . ' Lees , . . . . . : , 1 4 5 7 10 11 23 28 29 29 30 30 31 34 38 . FEATURES Treatment of Chlordecone Kepone Toxicity with Cholestyramine Results of a Controlled Clinical Trial An Investigation of the Use of Asbestos Cement Pipe for Public Water Supply and the Incidence of Gastrointestinal Cancer in Connecticut 1935-1973 Mortality Among Individuals Occupationally Exposed to Benzene Neurotoxicity of Styrene in Production and Polymerization Workers Modeling the Uptake Metabolism and Excretion of Dichloromethane by Man Quest for a Gasoline TLY Cancer Mortality of Workers Making Chrome Pigments Byssinosis and Chronic Respiratory Disease in U. S. Cotton Gins 1 1 1 1 -- _t ~ Abst 346/78 Abst Abst Abst 349/78 352/78 356/78 | Abst = 359/78359/78 Abst 361/78 Abst 369/78 Abst 394/76 April 1978 Volume 42 Number 4 , ; + INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST Industrial Health Foundation 5231 Centre Avenue Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15232 NEWS ITEMS 327/78 A Lab's Troubles Raise Doubts About Quality of Drug Tests in S. Lublin Wall Street Journal 191 1 35 Feb. 21 1978 U.S. Laboratories major some Inc. IBT was a giant in its little industry Every Two years ago Industrial Test independent labs like IBT to test the safety of new drugs manufacturer in the U.S. relies to extent on than the manufacturers can and food additives These labs can run tests cheaper cosmetics pesticides plastics to federal regulators who are their findings had an aura of impartiality important and until very recently off the market IBT's 1976 sales of 7 million made it one of the biggest of responsible for keeping unsafe products for quality testing had clients waiting line But the some 200 independent labs in the business Its reputation of doctoring investigators IRT a subsidiary of Nalco Chemical Co. stands accused by federal have been made line has disappeared of animal tests over the past decade The accusations data and doing haphazard research on scores Environmental Protection announcement Administration and in an by the in testimony by the Food and Drug to consider criminul have been filed but the EPA has asked the Justice Department charges Agency No The FDA is also expected to seek indictments of IBT and a former client for fraud and gross negligence indictment of IBT 328/78 Asbestos Internal Panel at OSHA Occup Safety & Health Reporter Examining Policy on Medical Exam 7 1641-1642 March 30 1978 Requirements Martonik Charles McClure has been examining its policy on medical examination require- The Occupational Safety and Health Administration should be continued in present form or to asbestos fibers to decide if the policy ments for employees exposed the to William D'Emery OSHA office of field coordination the agency's policy during pust when exposures changed According for failure to provide medical examinations to employees has been not to eite employers year cubic centimeter of air D'Emery said the member panel at OSHA remained below 0.1 fibers of asbestos per office and John of the compliance programming reviewing the policy which includes himself recommendations to OSHA Administrator Eula Bingham in also of field coordination should be making He said one question being studied declined to say what the recommendations might be about two weeks D'Emery fibers to the point where no fibers are added which controls the release of asbestos is what to do about an employer that theoretically any office or space has a level of asbestos already present McClure added to the background from employers asking for clarification of the few fibers of asbestos OSHA has received a number of requests coule he added McClure suggested the review and recommendation policy on medical examination requirements directive can't change the way i result in issuance of a program directive by OSHA but he added a program standard is written . U.S. Citing Health Risks May Restrict A Gas Used to Sterilize Medical Devices Wall Street Journal 191 5 Jan. 30 1978 A gas used to kill germs on medical instruments federal agencies are considering restricting or widely used gas ethylene oxide has been found a and bandages may itself be a danger banning its use The Environmental in laboratory experiments to damage to human health and several Protection Agency said the the testicles of test animals Industrial Hygiene Digest April 1978 349/78 An Investigation of the Cancer in Connecticut Use of Asbestos Cement Pipe for Public Water Supply and the 1935-1973 J. M. Harrington et al Am J. Epidemiol 107 Incidence of Gastrointestinal 96-103 Feb. 1978. 26 refs incidence data for stomach colon and rectal cancer for Connecticut townships for The age adjusted sex specific whether asbestos cement pipe usage for domestic drinking water is the period 1935 to 1973 were used to investigate grouped according to the Assessment of Exposure associated with gastrointestinal cancer The townships were including factor AOE and Risk Factor RF for asbestos These are composite indices of asbestos exposure from the pipe and the length of pipes used o relating to the age of the pipe the ability of water to leach asbestos and gastrointestinal tumor meidence No association was noted between these asbestos risk scores the population -- Authors abst 350/78 Effect of Irritants in Working Atmosphere and Smoking on Absentecism Arhiv Hig Rada Toks 28 2 175-179 1977. Yugoslavian A. Vorko number of harmful environmental factors and smoking on workers absences was con retrospective study on the effect of 197 A covered all workers employed in the factory in the course ducted in a Zagreb chemical works The study until the beginning of the study in 1973. Out of 1004 workers surveyed -: that remained working in the factory 144 former smokers and 244 nonsmokers The 1972 records were user were pipe smokers 613 cigarette smokers have shown while smoking habits were investigated by means of a questionnaire The results to analyze absences than in those who were nol of absences and days lost in workers exposed to irritants was higher that the number irritants most absences wer to these harmful environmental factors Among the workers exposed to exposed nonsmokers Among the nonexposed workers the highest number of absences Wb- recorded in smokers and least in basis of these results it may be concluded that 1 recorded in smokers and the lowest in nonsmokers On the lost due to illness ) to irritants in the working atmosphere increases the of absences and days Exposure harmful effect of irritants possibly because of a synergistic effect of either group of harmi ul Smoking increases a -~ Author's summary in English those in the working atmosphere and those in the cigarette smoke agents 351/78 Family Nurse Practitioner in Health Services Center for Employees in Industry Occup Health Nursing 20 11-14 Feb. 1978. 36 refs R. R. Bauer et al in an industrial setting -- ---- This article demonstrates how a corporation utilized nurse practitioners CHEMICAL HAZARDS 352/78 Mortality Among Individuals Occupationally Exposetdo Benzene Arch Environ Health 33 3-10 Jan./Feb 1978. 11 refs M. G. Ott et al directly The mortality experience of 594 individuals occupationally exposed to benzene was investigated using a Three hundred thirty of the employees began working in benzene areas prior to retrospective cohort design Data derived from work histories and 1950 which provided a sound data buse from which to examine latency dosages for each employee industrial hygiene records permitted estimation of exposure intensities and cumulative observed Several cases of leukemia and other blood No mortalities attributable to benze eexposure were -- Authors abst disorders were noted and discussed 4 Industrial Hygiene Digest . . ; . April 1978 - 399/78 Mesothelioma and Asbestos in the Province of Quebec 1969-1972 Arch Environ Health 33 15-19 Jan./Feb 1978. 17 refs G. P. Theriault and L. Grand 400/78 All records of patients who died of mesothelioma in the Province of Quebec during the period 1969-1972 1969-1972 were collected and reviewed Asbestos exposure in this group was compared with that in two control groups ons or persons dying of accidental causes and the other of those dying of cardiovascular disease The mortality rate fo mesothelioma was estimated at between 2.3 and 2.8 per million per year Men were affected twice as frequenta as women this difference being related exclusively to pleural mesothelioma The incidence in urban regions was mud higher than in rural areas and areas involved in mining showed un incidence in the expected range percent of the patients with mesothelioma and only % of controls had histories of direct exposure Thirty You to asbestos This exposure was related to asbestos processing and not its production No woman gave a history of occupational exposure to asbestos It appeared that chrysotile may be less related to the production of mesothelioma than other types of asbestos fibers -- Author's abst ^' Simultaneous Airborne Dust Samples with Konimeter Thermal Precipitator and Dosimeter in Asbestos Mines R. S. J. Du Toit and T. C. Gilfillan Ann Occup Hyg 20 333-340 Dec. 1977. 16 rofs 401/78 Simultaneous airborne dust samples were taken with three types of instruments konimeter thermal precipitator and dosimeter personal sampler with membrane filter in eight asbestos mines producing four types of asbestos Cape crocidolite Transvaal crocidolite amosite and chrysotile Additional tests were carried out in a dust duet with a specific type of asbestos fibre at a steady dust concentration The filtering efficiencies of 8 and 0.8 jam pore size membrane filters used in the dosimeter were compared The statistical analyses of the results have been summarised and formulac are given to convert fibre concentrations recorded by the konimeter and the thermal precipitator into that expected with the membrane filter method of sampling - Authors abst . A Summary of Asbestos Fibre Counting Experience in Seven Countries Ann Occup Hyg 20 321-332 Dec. 1977. 9 refs G. W. Gibbs et el The membrane filter method for the evaluation of airborne concentrations of asbestos in the work place is now used in many countries In order to ensure uniform protection for the worker and internationally comparable exposure data it is important that different laboratories can reproduce fibre counts with reasonable accuracy The results el an international counting trial of fibre by centres in nine countries membwrearnee current report summarizes the results of internal exchanges of published recently in this journal This filters for asbestos counting in seven o these countries Observations from these several countries indicate the need for regular comparisons of counts between laboratories regular contact with experienced observers proper training in the use of the phase contras microscope standardisation of the methods of counting agglomerates attention to the types of samples used fu internal and external comparisons choice of microscope and separate training for counting chrysotile anc amphibole fibres An improved method of producing standard asbestos samples for counting purposes is required - Authors abst 25 ees matin We) 5 1) () meceomacalia Industrial Hygiene Digest April 1978 402/78 . The Effect of Different Mineral Dusts on the Mechanism of Phagocytosis K. Miller et al Environ Res 15 139-154 Feb. 1978. 11 refs A Scanning Electron Microscope Study incubated with crocidolite asbestos fibers and quartz particles in Alveolar macrophages from normal rats were were studied sequentially Differences were found in the way in which vitro The early events in phagocytosis the two dusts Phagocytosis of quartz was extremely extremely rapid macrophages recognized attached and phagocytosed the macrophages typically developed long tenuous filopodia Crocidolite was phagocytosed more slowly many These different phagocytic mechanisms may reflect the pseudopodia macrophages developed large flattened Authors abst different biochemical and cytotoxic properties of the dusts 103/78 Variation of Properties of Chrysotile Asbestos Subjected to Milling J. Toxicol Environ Health 4 173-188 Jan. 1978. 46 refs M. Langer et al Mechanical milling is commonly used to produce short chrysotile asbestos for experimental purposes Such manipulation also decreases fiber crystallinity alters 0 and Mg interlayer bonding induces coordination changes in the brucite layer diminishes the ability of fiber to reduce specific free radicals and physisorb organic molecules and decreases hemolytic potency and antagonist sorption capabilities The degree of alteration is related to the with these materials must be interpreted with caution time of milling Results of biological experimentation Interaction mechanisms in the biological setting are suggested for chrysotile fiber - Authors abst 04/78 Occupational Exposures to Cyanide in Baltimore Fire Fighters J. Occup Med 20 53-56 Jan. 1978. 11 refs M. S. Levine and E. P. Radford : A group of 479 fire fighters were investigated for routine exposure to hydrogen cyanide in the fire atmosphere using measurements of serum thiocyanate SCN The authors findings indicate that fire fighters were exposed to levels of hydrogen cyanide sufficient to raise their mean serum thiocyanate SCN levels above that of controls This elevation of serum SCN occurred independently of smoking habits Exposures to cyanide occurred much less to carbon monoxide Difficulties of correlating acute symptoms and frequently than previously studied exposures are discussed ~- Authors absi the effectiveness of mask use with serum thiocyanate Occupational Poisoning with Nitrogen Cyanide in the Process of Ferrosilicium Briquetting M. J. Milov Arhiv Hig Rada Toks 28 2 187-194 1977. 10 refs Yugoslavian P. Cremosnik and ferrosilicium and ferromanganese briquetting works are described Twelve cases of nitrogen cyanide poisoning in a in such conditions of the technological process in which the occurrence of nitrogen cyanide The poisoning happened existence of nitrogen cyanide in the could not have been expected Symptoms of poisoning indicated a possible of unfavorable factors in the process of pro- working atmosphere Nitrogen cyanide poisoning was a consequence duction and pointed to a possible presence of nitrogen cyanide in the technological process of ferrosilicium before The authors emphasize the need for thorough knowledge of the briquetting which had not been known out that a cooperation of technologists and occupational health experts as well as a technological process and point harmful follow of working conditions and workers morbidity are essential Team investigations of possible when new substances are introduced into the technological process noxae in the working atmosphere particularly -- Authors summary in English . are recommended 26 May 1978 Volume 42 No. 5 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST LITERATURE ABSTRACTS ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND - SAFETY NEWS INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 5231 CENTRE AVENUE . FOUNDATION INC PITTSBURGH PA 15232 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST ; Editor Jane F. Brislin M.L.S. Abstractors Cynthia S. Bryan B.A. Jean L. Collins B.A. May 1978 42 Volume Volume , No. No. 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS This Issue Contains Abstract Numbers 445/78 -547/78 : tenses eee n eee ETT News Events Coming Developments Legal oo cee ewes peeve ete teers eres sees eee eee TTT ose eee cece sees se sees eT eee EST 8 10 Pamphlets eee Books and soe eee eee 13 TT eee Industrial Medicine J svete ee TS ETT TTT TT 15 Skin Diseases And Burns " reece esses sees es eessrerensnsss 1G Chemical ees ss eee Industrial Inhalants vee eeaewersccerscspess 23 eee ST Physical Hazards eec ts rege eee eens 25 eee ee veectettee terete 20 Radiation 1s ee Problems cess Environmental Occupational Management Health + creer eect eee ere cesses eee TTT e eres teres nesses nests 27 Miscellaneous Safety Accident Prevention lo repeat see eT eee Analytical Methods Index ee ee Addresses of Journals veveeeserareseseces eens seve eee cree eee ee eee TTT senses sesso 29 3 eT TET TT TS TTS 54 a FEATURES Methods of Assessing Serial Films of the Pneumoconioses A The International Classification of Diseases Two Hundred Review Years of Development Effects of Rotational Work Shifting Physiological A Review Health Care of People at Work Workers Exposed to Lead ; 1. Inorganic Lead Mortality Among Women First U. S. Radun Painting Employed Industry Before 1930 in the A Group Ascertained . from Employment Lists Differences Following Skin or Inhalation Exposure in the Absorption and Excretion Kinetics of Trichloroethylene and Toluene in the Canadian Grain Industry Dust Exposures Review of Measured Hearing Levels in A Seven Initial Thresholds Manual Steelworkers with High Male _ _ _ i _ _- -me Abst 473/78 Abst Abst 477.78 482-78 482-78 . Abst 486/7 Abst 492/78 Abst Absl 495/78 507 Abst 515/98 May 1978 Volume 42 Number 5 Industrial Health Foundation 5231 Centre Avenue Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15232 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST a NEWS ITEMS 78x EPA Commenting on OSHA Proposal Notes Differences Over Animal Tests Occup Safety& Health Reporter 7 1726-1727 April 27 1978 The Environmental Protection Agency concurs with and strongly endorses the Occupational Safety and Health but differs with OSHA's proposed regulation over the valur of Administration's approach to identifying carcinogens animal test results according to EPA comments and testimony prepared for a May 16 hearing on the OSHA A statement prepared for presentation by Steven D. Jellinek EPA assistant administrater er proposed regulations state that animul toxic substances says EPA is seriously concerned with the fact that OSHA proposed regulations problem sufficient basis for stringent regulatory action unless replicated on tests generally cannot be relied upon as a supported by short term studies Even though the OSHA proposal would allow use of unreplicated animal tests the statement said EPA policy is that exceptionally well conducted EPA feels this is too great a qualification an unreplicated test can be an entirely adequate basis for concluding that a chemical must be regulated as a Jellinek's statement noted that other differences between EPA and OSHA carcinogen the statement explained decision muking not questions of science These differences differences curcinogen policies are in approaches to regulatory classication scheme would require regulation on the basis of evidence al are 1 OSHA's proposed categorical OSHA will find that the proposed process by which a seient fie carcinogenicity According to the statement judgment that a substance is a carcinogen leads automatically to a predetermined regulatory response will pose & 2 OSHA's proposal does not estimate explicitly the magnitude of risk in the regulatory proces According to the EPA statement although cancer risk estimation is an impreciso endeavor involving many uncer tainties the estimation provides some measure of the magnitude of risk posed by a substance and such estimatio should be used to determine whether to regulate If a substance is believed to be a weak carcinogen to which few defer comechtrain persons are exposed the best regulatory course might be to any regulation in favor of comechtrain substances the statement recommended OSHA's proposal does int resources on higher toxicity higher exposure this course it asserted OSHA should use estimation of risk to help appear to permit the agency to adopt establish priorities and help determine feasibility of various levels of control the statement noted adding the the greater the degree of risk posed by substance the tighter the control should be of that substance OSHA for substances within categories Ifithout a priority settin proposal includes no mechanism for setting priorities resources to the regulation of substances which pose relatively little mis system OSHA may find itsell allocating to workers while substances which pose greater risk await regulation the statement concluded Because OSHA wil be setting priorities whether explicitly or implicitly it would be preferable to establish in advance the priority - setting criteria that will be used the statement added 446 HEW is Warning Workers Doctors of Asbestos Risks a Anon Wall Street J. 191 19 April 27 1976 The Department of Health Education and Welfare said it is warning doctors about the lethal effects of the substance Joseph Califano is sending letters to all 400,000 of the nation's doctors alerting them former and current asbestos workers and thei HEW Secretary said the C.S. Surgeon Gener : to signs of asbestos poisoning in their patien's Industrial Hygiene Digest May 1978 workers have been exposed to asbestos since the beginning of It's estimated that between 8.5 million and 11 million HEW estimate Mr. Califano said 1.5 million to two million of the workers World War II According to a very rough of the deaths were asbestos It's thought the largest have already died though he couldn't say how many World War II of exposed workers are the approximately 4.5 million who worked in shipyards during group because asbestos diseases can take from 13 to 35 important Mr. Califano said HEW's notification effort is workers exposed in the past especially those from the war years may just develop years or longer to So he said HEW is serious health threats The Secretary said that besides its letters to physicians now be facing immediate work with the Defense Department and also planning a information campaign aimed at workers and will and lo other agencies to spread the word He said asbestos workers will be urged to have regular physical checkups asbestos disease in its early stages tell their doctors about their exposure in hopes of detecting any 78x HEW Goaded by TV and Nader Working up Asbestos Notification Plan Occupational Health & Safety Letter 8 2 April 22 1978 both ABC and CBS are planning documentarics in the near future on the problem of asbestos ex- Nader At the moment workers in shipyards and elsewhere Ilealth Research Group the Ralph posure among past and some present and could easily have prodded the affiliate headed by Dr. Sidney Wolfe is also exerting pressure on the subject with the media With all this as a goad it is not surprising that HEW networks into action HRG is very persuasive workers It's not quite sure how is currently working up a notification and education program for asbestos it would do to notify a World War II shipyard worker that he may or may to about it however or even what good go to asbestos or maybe it was smoking or maybe radiation The Armed not have cancer as a result of exposure HEW not the Department of Board Forces Epidemiological heard a report from a subcommittee urging that should make initial in announcing a stepped research program but that the Navy Defense be the lead agency The subcommittee recommended that notification of the former workers contacts with former shipyard workers the VA dissemination in several ways general through private health insurance programs be accomplished state health officers and state health plans hospitals Social Security Administration HEW's Medicare programs the Navy and enclosed with all mailings and union rosters It said that a return address card should be prepared by to whether the recipient ever worked in a shipyard and if so where from these agencies The card would inquire as address is It is estimated that about 4,500,000 persons may have been exposed when and what his current mailing of to asbestos in shipyards during World War I. Of that number about 2 million have died leaving a population workers Without sacrificing the importance of the There are currently about 200,000 shipyard 2,500,000 be undertaken to develop an index of risk to conduct a the subcommittee urged that research notification program classifiable morbidity and diagnosable causes of death at selected facilities to determine any changes in pilot study an epidemiological study of past workers and bioanalysis and an epidemiological study of current shipyard workers for the studies included Groton Conn Bethlehem yards in Boston mineralogical analysis Sites suggested Beach Hawaii and New York State The subcommittee Bremerton yards in Washington State shipyards in Long discase of asbestos disease registry be developed in consultation with existing also urged development an of should be developed in conjunction with the American College registries ray diagnostic capabilities the subcommittee Mesothelioma and pathology capabilities in conjunction with the existing U.S. Panel Radiology Paul Kotin of Manvill~ Irving Selikoff of Mt. Sinai Medical Center said The group was composed of Drs New York and Marvin Kuschner of State U. of New York Stony Brook industrial Hygiene Digest May 1978 MMF was rapidly eliminated from the body with urine values peaking within a few hours following the end of each exposure period exposure sample Very little was found in the hour postexposure sample and none was found in a hour There was no increased excretion of MMF in the urine following repetitive exposure The postmean for the seven end of exposure sample was 4.74 ml or 736.8 g Lower and upper sided 95 tolerance limits for 95 of the population were 1.2 ...g367. gand 13.9 ml 1625 ...g The coefficient of variation CV for ug MMF MMF was approximately 25 times more variable than the CV for total g -Authors abstract 506/78 Neurohumoral Interrelations in Patients with Chronic Vinylchloride Poisoning Gig Trud Prof. Zabol 1 23-27 1978. 9 refs Russian : L. A. Goryacheva and E.A. Stulova . In 52 patients with chronic vinylchloride poisoning the sympathetic catecholamines calcium ions and parasympathetic acetylcholine cholinesterase sserotonin erotonin and potassium ions blood activity the histamine histaminopectic index and the adrenal cortex function were studied The indicators of the parasympathetic division mediators of the autonomous nervous system were found to be upset while those of sympathetic mediation remained unchanged Most characteristic of chronic vinylchloride poisoning was a fall of the cholinergic activity of the blood i.e. a relative prevalence of the nervous system sympathetic division tonicity was in evidence A crop of the histaminopectic blood index and a decreased reserve capacity of the adrenal cortex were noted The effect on the sympathetic and parasympathetic mediation of the central cholinolytic amisyl and central adrenolytic chlorpromazine was studied ... Authors summary in English 507/78 INDUSTRIAL DUSTS AND INHALANTS . Dust Exposures in the Canadian Grain Industry P Farant and C. F. Moore Am Ind Hyg Assn J. 39 177-194 March 1978. 20 refs Total dust concentrations measured in & terminal 9 transfer and 14 country grain elevators ranged from 0.18 to 781 mg m Results indicate that elevatormen performing housekeeping and maintenance chores or working in transfer galleries are more likely to be exposed to high concentrations Dust exposures can be related to the amount of grain handled and the extent of dust control measures in effect at a worksite The respirable mass fraction of gran dust varies according to the type of grain handled The quartz inorganic material and fungal spore content and particle size of the dust from specific grains were also studied - Authors abstract 508/78 Respiratory Function and Symptoms in Workers Exposed Simultaneously to Jute and Hemp Brit J. Ind Med 35 16-20 Feb. 1978. 19 refs S. 1. El Ghawabi The environment and health of a working population exposed simultaneously to jute and hemp were studied Classical symptoms of byssinosis were not present but 21 workers % complained of atypical tightness of the chest The prevalence of chronic bronchitis among the exposed workers was statistically significant in comparison with controls Effects of dust concentrations age and duration of exposure on the prevalence of chronic bronchitis FEV studied A statistically significant reduction in were 1.0 workers Bronchodilators given after the shift showed that at the end of a work shift occurred in all the exposec acute reductions in forced expiratory volumes were nearly fully reversible in all exposed workers FEV values at the end of the work shift 1.0 Smokers and those with chronic bronchitis had greater reductions in Author's abstract 21 June 1978 Volume 42 No. 6 / INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST . LITERATURE - -..- ABSTRACTS ENVIRONMENTAL OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY NEWS pot ; INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 5231 CENTRE AVENUE FOUNDATION INC PITTSBURGH PA 15232 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST Editor Jane F. Brislin M.L.S. Abstractors : CynthCynithia a S. S. Bryan B.A. Jean L. Collins B.A. June June 1978 Volume 42 No. 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS This Issue Contains Abstract Numbers 548/78 -- 662/78 Items oc pce tee eee Coming Events soe Legal Developments 6 eee te es ett eer eet tet ess s eT 4 5 7 Books and Pamphlets Industrial Medicine 12 Skin Diseases And Burns 6 - 5 ee es 14 Chemical Hazards 6 0 ee He 2x rt Industrial Dusts and Inhalants . - 6 6 ee ee hh 24 Physical Hazards ' - ee 27 Radiation 2.0 ee ee ee Environmental Problems 6. 6 ee ee te : Zh 29 Preventive Engineering . + + Occupational Health Management Safety Accident Prevention - 0-0 Analytical Methods Miscellaneous 20 ee ee ee ee fe es tt ts wee ee 31 Addresses of Journals os ect eet ee se 36 FEATURES 1111 Diagnosing Occupational Disease A New Standard of Care 1111 Biological Monitoring Plant 1111 The Control of Acute Diarrhea in a Large Industrial 1111 Burn Hazard with Cement . - Urine Nickel Concentrations in Exposed Workers Environmental Characterization of Toluene Diisocyanate TDI - in a Manufacturing Plant Pleuropulmonary Disease Among Asbestos Workers in Relation to ~ Smoking and Type of Exposure ! Acute Respiratory Effects of a Fire Involving Silicone Rubber Abst Abst Abst Absl Abst 567/78 567/78 569/75 569/75 579778579778 584/78 604.7 Abst 61548 Abst 020478 020478 - Abst 627/78 Industrial Hygiene Digest June 1978 4 pulmonary pulmonary edema apparently without benefit of a irritation of the pulmonary tract eyes nose skin irritation warning immunological sensitization and There is no current Occupational Safety and Health Admin- istration OSHA exposure standard for trimellitic anhydride The Amoco Chemicals Corporation the sole domestic producer suggests a limit of 0.05 mg or less for susceptible individuals NIOSII has prepared this current Intelligence precautions Exposure to Bulletin to advise of recent findings of toxic effects of trimellitic anhydride and to provide some for handling trimellitic anhydride in the workplace Suggested Procedures for Minimizing Employees Trimellitic Anhydride are given . -Cond from text 618/78 Flame Retardants H. J. Sanders Chem & Eng News 56 22-36 April 24 1978 This article discusses the effects of the Tris ban in relationship to manufacturers textile compames and the public The Flammable Fabrics Act is reviewed and an outlinoef how flame retardants work is given -CB INDUSTRIAL DUSTS AND INHALAnts 619/78 i Control Winninga Battle to Workplace Asbestos J. Weidman Job Safety & Health 6 15-19 April 1978 * This article is a case report of a particular industry's program to control asbestos -CB 620/78 Pleuropulmonary Disease Among Asbestos Workers in Relation to Smoking and Type of Exposure W. Weiss and P. A. Theodos J. Occup Med 20 341-345 May 1978. refs The chest roentgenograms of employees aged 40 and over in two asbestos manufacturing plants were read by consensus without knowledge of the plant or smoking habits Plant A used only chrysotile asbestos throughout its and Plant B used amosite as well as chrysotile the amosite being limited to the period 1950-64 history The 25 in Plant A and 33 in Plent B. The prevalence of pleural thickening was prevalence of pulmonary disease was 18 in Plant A and 35 in Plant B. Neither age.nor work duration were factors in these differences In Plant A there was no obvious relationship between smoking and pleuropulmonary pleuropulmonary disease In Plant B there was a definite perhaps relationship of smoking to pulmonary disease and to pleural thickening Both type of asbestos and smoking habits appear to be determinants of pleuropulmonary disease in asbestos workers -Authors abstract reprinted by permission 621/78 Immunoglobulin E IGE in Occupational Bronchial Asthma of Chemical Etiology Etiology E. S. Brusilovsky and G. P. Rachkovskaya Gig Trud Prof. Zabol 2 15-18 1978. r^'fs Russian In the blood serum of patients with occupational bronchial asthma of chemical etiology the IgE and nonspecific IgE levels were determined in the period between the paroxysms The data obtained bear evidence to an appreciable rise in the level of nonspecific serumal IgE fold and to the prevalence of a chemergic type of allergic reaction occurring in cases of occupational bronchial asthma of chemical etiology This may be of great importance in choosing the method of treatment and above all of specific immunotherapy Authors summary in English 22 July 1978 - INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST LITERATURE - ABSTRACTS OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY NEWS + INDUSTRIAL HEALTH FOUNDATION INC , 5231 CENTRE AVENUE e PITTSBURGH PA 15232 ome INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST _ Editor Jane F. Brislin M.L.S. Abstractors Cynthia S. Bryan B.A. Jean L. Collins B.A. July 1978 Volume 7 , No. TABLE OF CONTENTS This Issue Contains Abstract Numbers 663/78 - 771/78 i te ee ee ee ee News Items cr te Coming Events 0 0 ee et 9 Legal Developments ee eee 11 Books e and Pamphlets eee 13 tt te se Industrial Medicine + et 16 ee ee se Skin Diseases And Burns 2 6 6 ee ee tee 18 re en see tr Chemical Hazards Industrial Dusts and Inhalants o e 26 28 ee Physical Hazards 26 Radiation oo cc ee ee sete Environmental Problems . 0 cece ee ee pee ete ee eee ete eet 30 31 32 Engineering Preventive ' 00 eee 33 Occupational Health Management 6 6-2 ee ee Analytical Prevention Safety Methods ttt Accident 0.0.0 eee ee eet ete ett Miscellaneous eee reece ete tye 34 Addresses 37 , FEATURES | Ten Cases of Angiosarcoma of the Liver in Shawinigan Quebec | The Selection of Protective Measures Against Eye Injuries 1 Humidifier Fever A Disease to Look Out For Petroleum Hydrocarbon Toxicity Studies XVII Animal Re. sponse 1 to Nonane Vapor Inhalation Studies to Evaluate the Teratogenic and Embrotoxic 1 Potential of Chloroprene Chlorobutadiene . 1 Urban Lead Mining Lead Intoxication Among Deleaders A Respiratory Survey of Cedar Mill Workers 1. Prevalence , ~ of Symptoms and Pulmonary Function Abnormalities + 1 Quick Procedure for Determining Effectiveness of Hearing Protectors Abst Abst Abst 688/78 691/78 697/78 Abst 708/78 Abst Abst 714/78 726/78 Abst Abst 733/78 744/78 ee cemens inst emnllell Industrial Hygiene Digest . uitly pve 733/78 A Respiratory Survey of Cedar Mill Workers 1. Prevalence of Symptoms and Pulmonary Function Abnormalities Abnormalities M. Yeung el al J. Occup Med 20 323-327 May 1978. 24 refs A occupational questionnaire and spirometry were used to compare the prevalence of symptoms and pulmonary function abnormalities in 405 workers exposed to red cedar dust and 252 control workers exposed to other wood dusts Compared with controls the cedar workers were found to have a significantly higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms cough phlegm wheeze and breathlessness as well as more rhinitis and conjunctivitis While as expected there was a clear relationship between respiratory symptoms and cigarette smoking there was also evidence to suggest a synergistic effect between exposure to cedar dust and smoking There was no difference in the lung function between cedar workers and controls Sixty workers in the control group previously had worked in red cedar mills they had a higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms than other workers in this group Red cedar asthma was found in only 1.1 of the cedar workers This condition usually develops in the early months of exposure and workers who are affected tend to leave the industry The probable incidence of red cedar asthma was estimated to be higher around 4-5 Authors abstract reprinted by permission 734/78 A Respiratory Survey of Cedar Mill Workers II Influence of Related and Host Factors on the Prevalence of Symptoms and Pulmonary Function Abnormalities M. J. Ashley et al J. Occup Med 20 328-332 May 1978. 15 refs The influence of certain related and host factors on the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function abnormalities in 405 red cedar workers and 187 control workers was examined in controls the prevalence of chest symptoms increased with duration of exposure In cedar workers but not The decline in pulmonary function with increasing duration of exposure was also more marked in cedar workers but in both groups smoking was a more important determinant Substantial proportions of cedar workers and to a lesser extent controls noted improvement of cough and wheeze and particularly of conjunctivitis and rhinitis when away from work No deterioration however was found in pulmonary function during the work week in either exposure group Atopie status was unrelated to the prevalence of chest symptoms or pulmonary function abnormalities it was more common in workers with conjunctivitis and rhinitis particularly in the cedar group Similarly Pi phenotype did not appear to influence the occurrence of either symptoms or lung function abnormalities -Authors -Authors abstract reprinted by permission 735/78 Automobile Brake Linings May Be a Health Hazard Am Ind Hyg Assn J. 39 A 24 26 April 1978 Anonymous 736/78 This article describes how automobile brake drum linings produce inefilaments of chrysotile asbestos It is stated that the hazard lies with the brake repairmen who use compressed air to blow asbestos fibers from brakes daily and may breathe as much as a million particles of asbestos in each cubic meter of air --CB Occupational Exposure to Asbestos and Malignant Mesothelioma in Females Lancet 1 1061-1063 May 20 1978 25 refs N. J. Vianna and A. K. Polan A study carried of the out to occupational histories measure the risk of of 52 females with malignant this disorder attributable to mesothelioma and indirect asbestos certain of exposure their relatives showed that a significantly greater number of husbands and fathers of cases than of controls worked in asbestos related + 26 Industrial Hygiene Digest i eta ae 733/78 A Respiratory Survey M. Yeung et al of Cedar Mill Workers I. Prevalence of Symptoms and J. Occup Med 20 323-327 May 1978. 24 refs Pulmonary Function Abnormalities a were used to compare the prevalence of symptoms and A occupational questionnaire and spirometry pulmonary function abnormalities in 405 workers exposed to red cedar dust and 252 control workers exposed to other wood dusts Compared with controls the cedar workers were found to have significantly higher prevalence wheeze and breathlessness as well as more rhinitis and conjunctivitis of respiratory symptoms cough phlegm While as expected there was a clear relationship between respiratory symptoms and cigarette smoking there was to cedar dust and smoking There was no difference also evidence to suggest a synergistic effect between exposure in the lung function between cedar workers and controls Sixty workers in the control group previously ha~ worked in red cedar mills they had a higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms than other workers in this group Red cedar asthma was found in only 1.1 of the cedar workers This condition usually develops in the early months tend to leave the industry The probable incidence of red cedar asthma of exposure and workers who are affected was estimated to be higher around 4-5 --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 734/78 II Influence of Related and Host Factors on the Prevulence of A Respiratory Survey of Cedar Mill Workers Symptoms and Pulmonary Function Abnormalities M. J. Ashley et al J. Occup Med 20 328-332 May 1978. 16 refs function The influence of certain related and host factors on the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function abnormalities in 405 red cedar workers and 187 control workers was examined In cedar workers but not increased with duration of exposure The decline in pulmonary in controls the prevalence of chest symptoms more marked in cedar workers but in both groups smoking function with increasing duration of exposure was also determinant Substantial proportions of cedar workers and to a lesser extent controls noted was a more important and rhinitis when away from work No improvement of cough and wheeze and particularly of conjunctivitis deterioration however was found in pulmonary during the work week in either exposure group Atopie status was unrelated to the prevalence of chest symptoms or pulmonary function abnormalities it was more in the cedar group Similarly Pi phenotype did not common in workers with conjunctivitis and rhinitis particularly appear to influence the occurrence of either symptoms or lung function abnormalities abnormalities -Authors abstract reprinted by permission 735/78 736/78 Automobile Brake Linings May Be a Health Hazard Anonymous 5 Am Ind Hyg Assn J. 39 A 24 26 April 1978 This that article describes how automobile brake drum li ingsproduce fine filaments of chrysotile asbestos It is stated who use compressed air to blow asbestos fioers from brakes daily the hazard lies with the brake repairmen particles and may breathe as much as a million of asbestos in each cubic meter of air --CB Occupational Exposure to Asbestos and Malignant Mesothelioma in Females Lancet 1 1061-1063 May 20 1978. 25 refs N. J. Vianna and A. K. Polan histories of 52 females with malignant mesothelioma and certain of their relatives A study of the occupational of this disorder attributable to indirect asbestos exposure showed that & curried out to measure the risk significantly greater number of husbands and fathers of cases than of controls worked in asbestos 26 Industrial Hygiene Digest July 1978 industries and the relative risk for this factor was 10 The frequency of parental cancer especially gastrointestinal malignancy was also significantly greater for cases than for their controls This raises the possibility of a genetic predisposition to malignant mesothelioma Authors summary reprinted by permission 737/78 The Effect of Associated Metal Ions on the Binding of pyrene to Macromolecules in Vitro R. Thomson et al Environ Res 15 309-319 1978. 42 refs s In seeking an explanation for the high risk of malignancy in workers exposed to both asbestos and pyrene inhaled in cigarette smoke experiments have been carried out to test the effect of associated trace metals on the covalent binding of pyrene in vitro Most of the metals tested ~- nickel cadmium chromium zinc manganese and copper - caused an overall decrease in the binding of pyrene in microsomal incubations containing exogenous DNA That this represented a reduction in the binding to DNA was confirmed in the cases of zinc nickel and chromium Magnesium caused a very slight increase in binding and ferrous and ferric ions while reducing the binding to DNA caused an increase in binding to some component of high molecular weight in the incubation mixtures over a narrow concentration range The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to the development of malignant disease associated with asbestos exposure -Authors abstract reprinted by permission 738/78 738/78 The Inertial Behavior of Fibers W. A. Burke and N. Esmen Am Ind Hyg Assn J. 39 400-405 May 1978. 10 refs The inertial deposition is given considerable credit in the deposition of inhaled particulate matter in the upper respiratory tract A determination of the parameters governing the impaction of fibers must be the basis of evaluating the role of impaction in the respirability of fibrous experimental method of defining the inertial behavior of fibers dusts The study reported here describes an The results of the experiments show that the aspect ratio of the fibers plays a much more important role than hitherto considered The results of the experimental work gave an empirical mathematical model for the prediction of the impaction of fibers from the physical properties of fibers such as density fiber diameters and aspect ratio In addition an equivalent diameter based on inertial properties of the fiber is developed --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 739/78 Effects of Short Exposures to Sulfuric Acid and Ammonium Sulfate Aerosols Upon Bronchial Airway Function _ in the Donkey R. B. Schlesinger et al Am Ind Hyg Assn J. 39 275-286 April 1978. 42 refs The effects of hour inhalation exposures to 0.3-0.6 mH SO4and 2SO4 Aerosols in the donkey were studied in terms of alterations in pulmonary flow resistance and dynamic compliance and changes in the regional deposition and tracheobronchial mucociliary clearance of an inert test aerosol Short slowing of clearance followed certain single exposures to fl SaOt 194-1364 min three of four animals while two of the four demonstrated a more persistent slowing of their clearance These exposure levels produced no measurable change in resistance compliance or regional deposition Exposures to NH4 2SO4 2SO4 up to + 2000 mhad no measurable effect upon resistance compliance regional depostion or mucociliary clearance -Authors abstract reprinted by permission 27 a . oe August 1978 Volume 42 No.8 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST LITERATURE ABSTRACTS ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND 7 SAFETY NEWS + INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 5231 CENTRE AVENUE' FOUNDATION INC PITTSBURGH PA 15232 a INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST | Editor Jane F. Brislin M.L.S. Abstractors Cynthia S. Bryan B.A. Jean L. Collins B.A. August 1978 Volume 42 No. 8 Table of Contents This Issue Contains Abstract Numbers 772/78 - 878/78 News Items - ee ee ee eh ee ee Legal Developments . Books and Pamphlets Industrial Medicine . 6 se ee ee tt . 6 2 6 6 6 6 6 ee ee ee et ee es et Skin Diseases And Burns . . - - + + ee Chemical Hazards . 6 0 2 ee ee Industrial Dusts and Inhalants . 2... - Physical Hazards . - 6 6 ee er es Radiation eee ee ee Environmental Problems . . 6 + 2 +2 5 ss 4 8? Preventive Engineering 6 6. ee ee ee ee ee Occupational Health Management . Safety Accident Prevention , ... Analytical Methods Miscellaneous . 6. - ee + tt tees Index 2 ee ee ee ee Addresses of Journals flfl flfl flflflflflflfl FEATURES Three Incidents of Industrial Mass Psychogenic Illness A Preliminary Report Seminar in Occupational Medicine Coping with Occupational Stress Prevention Prevention and Occupational Pharmacology Permissible Limits for Occupational Exposure to and the Blood Lead -- Air Lead Relationship Inorganic Lead Lead Contamination in the Homes of Employces of Secondary Lead Smelters Epidemie Kepone Poisoning in Chemical Workers Lung Cancer in Workers in a Nickel Refinery . Experimental Asbestosis An Investigation of functional and Pathological Disturbances I. Methods Control Ammals and Exposure Conditions Abst 796/78 799/78 808/78 Abst 812/78 Abst Abst 815/78 821/78 824/78 Abst 835/78 wep et 2 pee se eee 833/78 morphological structure investigations were used the female organism of the ovaries hypophysis adrenal and thyroid glands The results of the described in elaborating measures aimed at preventing the adverse effects of carbon bisulphide on -Author's summary in Englisii o. Comparative Toxicological Assessment of Products Subsequent to Thermal Decomposition of Film Materials V. S. Ilichkin al Gig Trud Prof. Zabol 4 40-44 1978. 6 refs Russian The composition and toxic action of gaseous products subsequent to thermal decompositon of polyethylene- terephthalate polyimid and PTGM films were studied The toxic effect of the volatile fraction was found to be largely determined by the content of CO therein A higher toxicity of the polyimid film decomposition products is probably conditioned by the combined action of CO and HCN on the organism The part played by HCI in the toxic effect of the PTGM decompostion products remains obscure Authors summary in English 834/78 834/78 Use On Hygienic Assessment of Technological Cooling Lubricants in Connection with Their Prospective Use in Industry V. N. Koshenkov and L. A. Serebryany Gig Trud Prof. Zabol 3 4-7 1978 1 ref Russian This paper deals with issues concerned with tentative hygienic prognosing on technological cooling lubricants in hot deformation of metals The dependence of lubricants CL both in the thermal technological conditions and the processing tools the utilization in industry of oxidative processes in cooling themselves is pointed out The paper carries information on the pollution of the within the shop area depending upon the ground substances water oil of the CL employed in the industry Thermal zones with the minimum and maximum oxidation of the CL were ascertained Areas conditionally hazardous and conditionally safe as concerns the intensity of the CI oxidation and possible pollution of the air with the products of their thermoxidative destruction were determined --Author's summary in English INDUSTRIAL DUSTS AND INHALANTS Experimental Asbestosis An Investigation of Animals and Exposure Conditions D. M. Hiett Functional and Pathological Disturbances I. Brit J. Ind Med 35 129-134 May 1978. Methods 13 refs Control The measurement of respiratory function and quantitative assessment of changes in lung morphology are described in a term study of asbestos guinea pigs Resistance and dynamic compliance of the guinea pig respiratory system were measured destructively and the tidal volume and rate of spontaneous breathing were also determined A point counting technique was used with histological preparations to quantify morphological changes In one group of control animals investigated between 3 and 28 months of age dynamic compliance and tidal volume tended to increase but resistance and breathing rate tended to decrease as the animals matured In contrast the percentage by volume of various lung components remained constant throughout this period The animals were exposed to chrysotile and emosite aerosols both aerosols containing high concentrations of short fibres < 5 1.m and at least 1000 fibres longer 5 m The total fibre concentration during chrysotile exposure was probably at least double that during amosite exposure A gradient of fibre concentration < pm was detected along the exposure chamber but this gradient was not reflected in the respiratory function of animals exposed at different positions along the chamber These findings are discussed in relation to possible dose- dependence of the response -Author's abstract reprinted by permission Industrial Hygiene Digest 836/78 Experimental Asbestosis An Investigation of Functional and Pathological Disturbances II Results for Chrysotile and Amosite Exposures M. Hielt Brit J. Ind Med 35 133-145 May 1978. 30 refs term studies of respiratory function and lung morphology were carried out on control groups of guinea pigs and matched groups exposed by inhalation to asbestos dust Animals were exposed to aerosols of chrysotile or amosite asbestos containing large numbers of short fibres for either 9 or 18 days Resistance and dynamic compliance of the guinea pig respiratory system were measured destructively while the point counting technique was applied to the histological preparations Under these exposure conditions the extent of pathological and functional changes were not related to differences in duration of exposure Such changes were more marked however in animals exposed at eight rather than three months of age The measurement of dynamie compliance provided the most sensitive assessment of the functional disturbances which were more extensive following chrysotile exposure Progressive peribronchiolar fibrosis developed about 40 weeks after chrysotile exposure at eight months of age but not until about 70 wecks for animals exposed when three months old No fibrone reaction was seen during the 70 weeks of the amosite experiments The relationships between pathological and functional changes throughout these experiments are discussed and explanations for the apparent differences in fibrogeneity between chrysotile and amosite are suggested Early detection of asbestosis may be aided by use of lung function tests known to be sensitive to small airways discase --Author's abstract reprinted by permission 837/78 837/78 837/78 837/78 837/78 Significanes of Fibre Length in the Clearance of Asbestos Fibres from the Lung Brit J. ind Med 35 146-153 May 1978. 17 refs A. Morgan et al . Rats were exposed by inhalation to radioactive anthophyllite asbestos Animals were then killed serially over a period of 203 days and the fibre content of the lungs measured radiometrically The lungs were subjceted to selectives bronchopulmonary lavage and the mean fibre content determined of free cells recovered from the alveolar spaces The length distributions of fibre recovered from the lungs by lavage and of those remaining in the lungs following lavage were measured Short less than 5 pm fibres are cleared from the lung via the conqueting airways more efficiently than longer fibres and fibres exceeding 501 ni in length are not removed from the lungs by this route Although fibres of about 200 um in length were present in all the lungs examined the longest which could be recovered by lavage once fibre deposited in the airways had been cleared was only about 100 m decreasing to 60-70 um after 205 days It is suggested that long fibres are more liable than short to penetrate the alveolar wall as they tend to bridge the alveolar ducts and alveoli -- Authors abstract reprinted by permission The Pormation of Asbestos Bodies R. M. Das et al Med Lavoro 68 431-436 December 1977. 11 refs 4 . Histological studies of the lungs of guinea pigs that inhaled anthophyllite asbestos suggest that asbestos bodies arc formed on fibres that are first coated with a thin film of ferroprotein and hyaluronic acid Further ferroprotein is added by the adherance of positive globules that may be submieron or several microns in diameter some of which are easily visible by optical microscopy While in the formative stages the asbestos bores are stained by the Gomorr technique showing aerd phosphatase The mature asbestos body is not so stained Authors summary 23 - September 1978 Volume 42 No. 9 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST LITERATURE | _ ABSTRACTS a _ ENVIRONMENTAL : coe OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY NEWS INDUSTRIAL HEALTH FOUNDATION INC . 5231 CENTRE AVENUE an PITTSBURGH PA 15232 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST Editor Jane F. Brislin M.L S. Abstractors Cynthia S Bryan B.A Jean L. Collins B.A. September 1978 Volume 42 No. 9 TABLE OF CONTENTS This Issue Contains Abstract Numbers 879/78 -- 987/78 + News cee ee Coming Events see Legal Developments . ee , . Pamphlets Books and . Py + . . . - - Industria Medicine 6 oe et Skin Diseases And Burns ce Chemical Hazards 6 ee Industrial Dusts and Inhalants 6-2 ss ttt Physical Hazards ee Coe eee ee Radiation Oe ee tt Environmental Problems 6 2 6 oe Toa ss set Preventive Engineering - - - ee . . tr mt Occupational Health Management 2 ee ee Safety Accident Prevention se ee ee Analytical Methods Miscellaneous Index ct Addresses of Journals Abstracted 6 - re te 2 - eet ttt tt wens A Study of Three Preveritive Approaches to Low Back Injury The Nursing Role in Treating Occupational Ocular Trauma Urinary B 2 Microglobulin Metallic Cadmium Dust Related to Chronic Low Level Exposure to in Pinnish Cadmium Processing Workers Cytogenetic Studies in 20 Workers Occupationally Exposed to Specific IgE Antibodies in Workers with Hypersensitivity . Lead to Toluene Disocyanale Study of Neurological and Neurophysiological Impairment in Carbon Disulphide workers The Acute Effects of Chrysobile Asbestos Exposure on Lung function Grip Force in Vibration Disease ee we ee se 4 . s - . 22 # 2 6 aoe Ft eo. . * . . ee . . 33 34 . 36 . 38 Abst Abst 913/78 Abst Abst 925/78 929/78 ADMI . Abst Abst Abst September 1978 Volume 42 Number 9 : . . INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST Industrial Health Foundation 5231 Centre Avenue Pittsburgh Pennsylvama 15232 NEWS ITEMS Navy to Examine Up to 220,000 Workers for Asbestos Exposure Occupational Health and Safety Letter 8 6-7 August & 1978 medical exams and rays to up to 220,000 civihan and military personnel in shipyards and The Navy pians to give elsewhere who may have been exposed to asbestos Because of the unique high risk relationship of smoking and whether to airborne asbestos fibers the Navy said that all smokers who were cancer in persons who have been exposed or not they show any clinical evidence of disease About 14,000 exposed will be reexamined once a year Navy personnel exposed to asbestos fibers as part of their jobs were examined last year In an extension of the civilians and 150,000 active duty sailors who either have been program the Navy says that as many as 70,000 will be examined They will also be given questionnaires to determine those who exposed in the past or present have been exposed and they will be given physical exams respiratory tests and rays All who show tung changes as well as the smokers will continue to receive yearly exams as long as they remain in government service the Navy said 78x Mortality Experience of Asbestos Workers and Dust Level Estimates Industrial Hygiene News Report 21 2 August 1978 fibrosis death rates of retired asbestos workers were shown to be clearly related to Pneumoconiosis cumulative dust exposure at time of retirement in an analysis of data on a cohort of 1,075 men who completed their working hfetime during the period with 1941 an asbestos company worked at a facility in the U.S. and retired with a company ptaston 1967. The first report on this cohort followed through 1969 has been updated through 1973 A summary of results was given by Vivian L. Henderson M.S. and Philip E. Enterline Ph.D. of the University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health Pittsburgh PA 15261 at the New York Academy of Science's Science Week held June 25-30 in New York City The average duration of employment in the asbestos industry was 25 years with a range from 3 to 5 years By combining personnel records with asbestos dust level estimates for each jos and time period it was possible to reconstruct the asbestos dust exposure history for each man assign a measure of his cumulative dust exposure at the time of retirement and relate this to his mortality experience following retirement To compute cumulative dust exposure for each man The dust level at each job and time period was multiplied by exposure was years at that job and summed across all jobs expressed as mppef Respiratory cancer during his working time and pneumoconiosis This total cumulative fibrosis mortality was examined in relation to cumulative dust exposures and to other factors after taking into account cumulative cust exposure Men who worked in the production of asbestos cement pipe and those who had some crocidolite Asbestos exposure showed a higher risk of respiratory cancer than others who were exposed exposed to amosite or chrysotile alone ot in combination Since these groups overlappec it could not be certam that crocidolite asbestos was responsible for the increased risk Industrial Industrial Hygiene Digest ; of September 1952 1952 Health and Safety Guides Textle Machinery Manufacturers 108 p 1978 DHEW NIOSH Prb No. 78-146 Manufacturers of Industrial Trucks and Tractors 83 1978 DHEW NIOSH Pub No. 78-147 Hospitals 95 p 1978 DREW NIOSH Pub No. 78-150 Safety and Health in Are Welding and Gas Welding and Cutting DHEW DHEW NIOSH Pub No. 138 , 50 p 1978 78x CAOHC Course Directors Listing Council for Accreditation in Occupational Hearing Conservation CAOHC fromCAOHC Ms. Sittner 1619 Chestnut Avenue Haddon Heights NJ ( 8035 Available at no charge 27 1978 4 Names and addresses of CAQHC certified instructors compited March 1978 ? -- JFB INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE 904778 Geographic Patterns of Industry in B. J. Stone et al 7. Occup Med the United States An Aid to the Study 20 472-477 July 1978 14 refs of Occupational Discasc 905/78 manufacturing The geographic location of1818 major industries within the United States is illustratedby metal employers generated county maps The and machinery industries the two largest transportation and rubber industries are concentrated concentrated the northeastern quadrant of the United States a series or and the whic mos countries with textile apparel tobacco and furniture manufacturing are in the South Other industries nad different patterns The counties where industry was concentrated tended to be more urban and 10 have migher levils of income and education The maps and associated demographic data on industrial counties may prove a useful adjunct to rounty maps illustrating mortality patterns for cancer and other diseases Despite obvious hmitations the visual patterns and correlation analyses may help to generate and formulate hypotheses concernin concernin occupationally induced disease -- Authors abstract reprinted by permission + Mesothelioma J. Occup Med in the United States Incidence in the 1970's 20 469-471 July 1978. 13 refs M. W. Hinds occurrence Mesothelioma is a rare neoplasm the of which has been clearly related to asbestos exposure Det recently collected by population population based cancer registries in Washington Hawan New Mexico Connecticut Mielngan Utah Louisiana and Jowa were obtained for the determination of mesothelioma incidence rates 19 registries represent a total population of over 3.01 to 7.1 per million per year Age specific 16 million persons Crude incidence rates were found to range from incidence rates showed a steady increase from the third through the eighth derage with a 1970 U.S. population nore were rapid increase for ingl^'s than females Sex specific meidener rates found to range from 4.4 to 11.1 per million per year for mules and age adjuster from 1.2 to to 2.5 the not viliton por veer for temales The highest rates for both cuides and females were found in the New Orleans uppa 6 oustana and the Puget Sound area ef Washington stats both significant shipbuilding activity activity Author's abstract reprinted reprinted by permISSION permISSION Industrial Hygiene Digest a. September 1978 INDUSTRIAL DUSTS AND INBALANTS 952/78 Asbestosis Evaluation of Radiological Indicators G. Chiappino et al Med Lavoro 69 281-297 June 1978. refs Itahan in a group of 182 subjects the frequency of positive response of radiological indicators of asbestosis was evaluated in relation to the degree and duration of risk and the time clapsed since the beginning of exposure the relationship between association of the various indicators and occupational hazard was also examined and the predictive value of disease was established for each indicator and for associations of incicators The frequency of positive response of the indicators was significantly correlated with the intensity of exposure to asbestos with a latency period that can be calculated in the order of several years after beginning of exposure The predictive value of the individual indicators and of associations of several indicators was very high when determinations are carried out using the correct methods and the results are correctly evaluated the presence of pulmonary lesions due to asbestos can be diagnosed in 90 of the cases independently of the results of radiological examination Therefore the periodic surveillance of workers must always include examinations to detect asbestos bodies and siderocytes in the sputum small crepitating rales functional alterations consisting of restrictive ventilatory insufficiency and impairment of capillary diffusion the results must be considered together in a single concise judgement bearing in mind the type of lesion that induces positive response of each parameter Compared to the data obtained with radiological examination much more accurate information can be gained from these indicators on the possible presence of initial pulmonary . lesions -- Authors summary in Englst 953/78 Lung Function in Asbestos Workers P. Scotti el al Med Lavoro 69 471-480 June 1978. refs Italian A lung fuction study was made in 744 subjects occupationally exposed to the inhalation of asbestos fibres investigating also possible differences in physiopathologic response between the group of workers in the mining incustry exposed exclusively to chrysotile asbestos workers in an asbestos industry exposed to both chrysotile and crocidolite and a group of insulation workers exposed to mixtures of chrysotile and various amphiboles The subjects were divided into 4 groups according to radiological findings U.I.C.C. classification Cincinnati 19701 and length of employment 1st and 2nd groups - 0/0 and 0/1 radiograph and occupational exposure respectively under or above 10 years 3rd group 1/0 and 1/1 radiograph 4th group - 1/2 2/1 2/2 2/3 radiograph Behaviour of VC FEV Co at rest steady method and lung ductances for CO according to Lacoste were examined No significant differences were observed in the behaviour of functional parameters among the three categories of workers There was a prevalence of subjects with restrictive type ventilatory syndrome compared to the cases with obstructive ventilatory insufficiency A reduction in T at rest below the normal lower mit was found in a considerable precentage ( 20 of the subjects of the 1st group Functional alterations increase i degree and frequency in the three categories with the progressive increase in exposure and radiological alterations --Condensed from authors summary in English Industrial Industrial Hygiene Digest 0, on 1918 954/78 an Exposure System ttoo Study the Effects of AsbestosAsbestos AsbesAtsosbestos Cement Development of an Animal Model Techniques and Dust Inhalation A. P. Wehner al Environ Res 16 393-407 July 1978 25 refs period ACsacrificed subgrous recovery asbestos cement AC dust to the lungs of hamsters are An aerosol exposure system and procedures for delivering of hamsters were exposed to aerosol concentrations of 1 and 10 liter respectively 3 described Groups examination One from day 5 week for 3 and 6 months and were sacrificed for histopathologic withdrawn from exposure after 3 months and sacrificed after a both the 1 and the 10 liter exposure group was to determine whether or not some of the histologic changes might be reversible There month 3 between AC exposure and the number of asbestos bodies and small an was apparent response relationship were observed The a- randomly distributed foci of alveolar macrophages No other treatment lesions -Authors -Authors abstract reprinted by permission permission month recovery period had no apparent effect The Effects of Asbestos Cement Dust Inhalation on Baboons Environ Res 16 216-225 July1978. 15 refs B. Goldstein et al conditions baboons were exposed to dust collected To study the effects of asbestos cement dust under laboratory section of an asbestos -- cement factory The animals from the extraction system in the hard sheel cutting fibrosis of the lungs morphologically similar to asbestosis and most likely due to the asbestos component of the developed Two of the animals also showed atypical metaplasia of the dust possibly modified by the cement bronchiolar epithelium and a bronchiolo carcinoma could not be excluded Authors abstract reprinted by permission The Acute Effects of Chrysatile Asbestos Exposure on Lung Function Environ Res 16 360-372 July 1978. 23 refs K. W. Harless et al function was determined in 23 men 1.5 months after an intense month exposure to chrysotile as eslosusing breath nilrogen Lung for determination of lung volumes and specific conductance single spirometry plethysmography arterial blood gas analysis Although no washout for determination of closing volume and rest and postexercise months following following showed evidence of restriction 12 of the 23 had documented airflow obstruction Eight man This included the repetition of all previous testing and a 16 of the 23 had repeat pulmonary evaluatioen valuation exposure for carbon monoxide and pulmonary compliance Thr^'e men developed determination of the diffusion capacity airflow obstruction as determined by the closing volume during the interval of study Seventeen of the 23 had the mitial follow study Of these 17 12 were nonsmokers current airflow obstruction documented on either or It is concluded that acute intense chrysotle asbestos smakers light smokers less than 10 packyeayrs ears or ex light smakers . --Authors abstract reprinted by perinission exposure causes airflow obstruction 957/78 957/78 the Determination Determination of the Degree of Deformation in Chrysotile On the Ublity of Dark Electron Microscopy in Asbestos Ar Environmental Research Application k Seshan Environ Res 16 383-397 July 1978 12 rels of microcrystalline deforriation in fibers of chrysotile asbestos may be distinguished using nu Union The degree demon trated by comparing comparing comparing undeformed chrysotile chrysotile with resolution resolution field clectron microscopy microscopy microscopy microscopy Pus is demon ) standing referener samples The VICC samples lire shown be pectually Internationale Contre le Cancer 4300 of used and unusca brake shoe fining ciet wire detorn.ed as result of mailing in the meq^-e promess Symples Industrial Industrial Hygiene Hygiene Digest SepteSemptbemeberr 19197788 . 958/78 examined using this technique it is shown that chrysolile asbestos in various stages of deformation relatively undeformed to heavily deformed -- survives in automobile brake drum dust Such field images can serve to , identify the source of asbestos found in environmental pollution samples --Author's abstract reprinted by permission ' Biochemical Changes in Guinea Pig Lungs due to Amosite Asbestos Environ Res 16 55-61 July 1978. 24 refs V. Misra et al The changes in hexosamine glucuronic acid and sialic acid contents and carbonic anhydrase activity in guinea pig lung at 40 80 120 and 160 days after intratracheal intratracheal injection of amosite dust have been followed The continuous increase in hexosamine and glucuronic acid throughout the development of the disease and the initial increase and later decrease in sialic acid indicate that these carbohydrates are among the loci of asbestos toxicity Carbomer anhydrase activity of lungs also decreased in later stages along with alterations in serum chloride and bicarbonate levels indicating likely respiratory disturbances Carbonic anhydrase activity also decreased in vitro on incubation of lung homogenates with various silicate dusts presumably due to the dissolution products of the dusts The findings are discussed in relation to the involvement of biomembranes in the development of asbestosis and the mechanisms operating therein --Authors --Authors abstract reprinted by permission Amount and Distribution of Welding Fume Lung Contaminants Among Are Welders Scand J. Work Environ Health 4 122-130 June 1978. 16 refs P. Kalliomaki et al The amount and distribution of the welding fume lung contaminants was measured in 44 are welders from two shipyards magnetized The measurement was made from the determination of the in a low external magnetic field the values being used permanent field after the subject was for the calculation of the amount of contaminants in the lungs Less than 1 mg of dust was found in the lungs of nonexposed controls In the shipyard welders lungs after two years of exposure on the average 7 mg range 4 - 15 of welding dust was observed After a continuous exposure of about 18 years the amounts were 200 mg range 30 -- 1,500 in shipyard A and 700 mg 150 -- 2,000 in shipyard B respectively On the basis of data obtained from retired welders the clearance rate of 45 in welders from shipyard A and 18 in shipyard B were calculated the latter figure being probably more accurate The distribution of contaminants was 52 in the right and 48 in the left lung The radiological findings correlated well with the amounts of welding fume contaminants measured with the magnetic method -Authors abstract reprinted by permission 960/78 960/78 960/78 Pulmonary Response to Haematite Dust A Biochemical and Histopathological Study in Guinea Pigs A. K. Jaiswal et al Ind Health 15 117-122 December 1977. 12 refs Intratracheal inoculation of 40 mg of haematite dust did not cause any marked change histological or biochemical in guinea pig lungs Presence of the dust in decreasing amounts with lapse of time by analytical methods abc its demonstration in the lung and lymph nodes by histopathological techniques point to the existence of an efficient elearance mechanism in vivo in response to haematite dust exposure --Authors abstract October 1978 Volume 42 No. 10 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST LITERATURE ABSTRACTS ENVIRONMENTAL =| AND wt OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY NEWS INDUSTRIAL HEALTH FOUNDATION INC 5231 CENTRE AVENUE * PITTSBURGH PA 15232 Frey nei ghb Editor Jane F. Brislin M.L.S. Abstractors Cynthia S. Bryan B.A Jean L. Collins B.A. October 1978 VolumeVolume , No. TABLE OF CONTENTS This Issue Contains Abstract Numbers 988/78 - 1112/78 Developments Legal Pamphlets Books and Industrial Medicine oss asset tee testes se tec eee ett te . fe ee ee ee ee ee ee ee Skin Diseases And Burns oo eee eee ee Chemical Hazards P e Industrial Dusts and Inhalants Physical Hazards oo 6 eet tes ete te Radiation Environmental Problems Preventive Engineering 2. 6.0 eee ee se ee ee et te Occupational Health Management eee ee eet Safety Accident Prevention os see eee eee et Analytical Methods Miscellaneous ' ss eee eee a Addresses of Journals Abstracted - 2 6 0 ee ee 4 f & hi 12 24 27 30 33 32 82 34 37 FEATURES Epidemiological Requirements for Environmental Data Management A Program of Heart Disease Intervention for Public Employees A Five Year Report Standard Procedure Needed to Test for Occupational Dermatitis Plasma Nickel as a Primary Index of Exposure in Nickel Refining A Study of the Difference in Chromium Exposure in Workers in Two Types of Electroplating Process Lead and Morbidity A Response Relationship Respiratory Involvement in Polychlorinated Biphenyls Poisoning . Health Exam Findings Among Individuals Occupationally Exposed to Benzene } a. 1 1 1 --~ - Abst 1006 78 Abst Abst Abst 1013178 1013178 1016-78 1021778 Abst Abst Abst 1024/78 1030778 1039/78 Abst 1055/78 Industrial Hygiene Digest _ October 1978 occupationally diseased lung histories were used as the statistical analysis tissue was assessed by evaluating the results of an analysis of variance The personal criteria for classifying the observations lung concentrations into groups for the : --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 1065/78 Welding and Respiratory Hazards , National Safety Council Natl Safety News 118 83-85 July 1978 Two topics are covered in this article on the respiratory hazards of welding chromium a suspected carcinogen copper welding and hexavalent --CB 1066/78 The Adsorption of Biological Macromolecules by Mineral Dusts Environ Res 16 449-464 July 1978. 13 refs R. Desai and R. J. Richards Evidence is presented that the absorptive capacity of various mineral dusts asbestos quartz treated titanium dioxide samples for complex mixtures of organic macromolecules serum proteins pulmonary surfactant may be explained as a sum of their specific surface area which partly determines the amount of material adsorbed anc their surface chemistry which determines the specificity of binding Both weak and strong adsorption reactions were noted with serum proteins the latter being considered as the most specific for each mineral and perhaps the most important physiologically The implications of the observed adsorption phenomena to the reaction between between mineral particles organic macromolecules and cells in vivo and in vitro are discussed Authors abstract reprinted by permission 1067/78 An Early Case of Asbestosis D. S. Ross Occup Health 30 258-260 June 1978 . The author describes the detection of very early absestosis in a pipe fitter and discusses the problems of telling the patient of his condition without causing undue alarm He had not had contact with asbestos until the age of 22 Thereafter he had worked for 10 years repairing boilers During this period he had been in constant contact with laggers who were either removing or applying vast quantities of asbestos From the age of 32 onwards he had teer in only intermittent contact with asbestos fibres this while carrying out repair work often near asbesto lagging asbestos During fibres the eight years prior to the examination he had worn A presumptive diagnosis of very early asbestosis was a gauze mask at work when in contact with made based on ray findings finger clubing and the history of extensive exposure to asbestos fibres in the ten year period between the ages of 22 and 32 --Condensed from text 1068/78 How the Industrial Physician Can Reduce Mortality from Asbestos Diseases J. Occup Med 20 464-468 July 1978. 64 refs R. J. Levine Risk indicators for asbestos diseases cancers of the lung larynx and alimentary tract mesothelioma and asbestosis and methods of carly detection are reviewed and evaluated The best medical means of reducing mortality from these diseases is to recognize particularly susceptible persons during a preemployment examination and to recommend that they not be hired for jobs involving asbestos exposure Workers necessarily exposed to asbestos should be enrolled in a medical screening program and urged not to smoke -Author's -Author's abstract reprinted by permission Industrial Hygiene Digest . October 1978 1069/78 a Induction of Pulmonary Carcinoma in Rats by Chronic B. K. J. Leong et al J. Toxicol Environ Health 4 Inhalation 645-659 of Dust From Pulverized July 1978. 24 refs Asbestos Pipe Covering m asbestos pipe covering at an average concentration of 85 Rats and hamsters were exposed to the dust of pulverized In rats the pulmonary responses for 6 h 5 wk for 7 mo followed by a lifetime observation period incidence proliferation nonprogressive fibrosis squamous metaplasia and a substantial were alveolar adenomatous of hamsters exposed under these conditions experienced ar carcinoma formation A smaller group of pulmonary which were not subjected to the exposure regimen Although this earlier onset of mortality than control hamsters noted in in this species no pulmonary neoplasms were prevented conclusive evaluation of the pulmonary response --Authors abstract reprinted by permission , the surviving hamsters 1070/78 et Environ Res 16 443-448 July 1978. 38 refs Effects of Quartz on Lung Surfactant S. Gabor were studied in intratracheally instilled rats At layer The effects of fibrogenie dust on the alveolar lining washings showed an increase of surface intervals of 30 90 and 180 days following quartz treatment the pulmonary than those obtained tension activity Total lipid phospholipid and protein concentrations were significantly higher respectively The authors results . the two control groups inert nonfibrogenic treated and dust animals with in metabolism of the type II alveolar epithelial cells and possibly suggest that quartz interferes with phospholipid abstract permission bronchiole Ciura cells -Authors -Authors reprinted by protein synthesis in the terminal 1071/78 Pulmonary Clearance and Hilar Lymph Node Content in Rats after Particle Exposure J. Ferin and M. L. Feldstein Environ Res 16 342-352 July 1978. 8 refs particles most important in pulmonary clearance of relatively The alveolo -- bronchial and the lymphatic pathways are of the lung burden on the size of the The authors were interested in studying the effect insoluble particles particles representing the inert and insoluble class of fraction cleared via the lymphatic system Tio After a in rats utilizing both intratracheal instillation and inhalation exposures particulate matter were used are cleared from the lung in 25 days and about 0.7 are about 40-45 of the deposited single exposure clearance decreases in some experiments found in the hilar lymph nodes at low exposures At high exposures lung both exposure techniques result in to zero values and the lymph node content increases to % At low exposures increased lung burden faster after similar clearance values however the lymphatic node content rises with intratracheal instillation The possible mechanisms involved are discussed --Authors abstract reprinted by permission . 1072/78 Labeling Am Ind of Monodisperse Polystyrene Hyg Assn J. 39 570-575 Microspheres July 1978. with Tightly 5 refs Bound 510 R. J. Hinrichs et al prepared have been by attachment of chromium 51 to Monodisperse radioactive polystyrene latex microspheres dissolved in styrene acetylacetonate Labeling was by emulsion polymerization of chromium latex spheres This was accomplished with two successive polymerization monomer using commercially available microspheres initiated with potassium persulfate After attachment of radiation excitation and radical polymerization steps suspension was purified by repeated centrifugation wash cycles to remove labile radioactivity the label was the label the particle than 80 to the particles The stability of Results indicate a radioactive binding yield of greater be less In these tests the activity leaching rate was estimated to tested in in vivo and in vitro leaching studies --Authors --Authors abstract reprinted by permission than 0.2 per day 26 November 1978 Volume 42 No. 11 a INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST DIGEST LITERATURE - ABSTRACTS : ENVIRONMENTAL . AND 2 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY NEWS INDUSTRIAL FOUNDATION HEALTH 5231 CENTRE AVENUE . INC PITTSBURGH PA 15232 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST Editor Jane F. Brislin M.L.S. Abstractors Cynthia S. Bryan B.A Jean L. Collins B.A November 1978 Volume 42 No. 11 Table of Contents This Issue Contains Abstract Numbers 1113/78 -- 1218/78 . News Items 4 0 - ee ee tot Coming Events Legal Developments . - + - +: Books and Pamphlets + + + > Industrial Medicine . . . 1 - - + Skin Diseases And Burns . Chemical Hazards - + - Industrial Dusts and . Inhalants Physical Hazards Radiation . Environmental Problems Occupational Health Management Safety Accident Prevention . . Analytical Methods Miscellaneous Index . 6 eee ee ee Addresses of Journals Abstracted - 1 5 8 9 2020 27 32 32 FEATURES Screening for Occupational Cancer of the Lung Health Assessment of Employees with Different Body Burdens of Lead Quantitation of Urinary m- and Methylhippurie Acids as Indices of m- and Xylene Exposure Metabolism and Pharmacokinetic Profile of Vinylidene Chloride in Rats Following Oral Administration A Review of Asbestos Exposures in Ontario Bacterial Contamination of Cotton and Effects on the Lung and Cotton Dust The Effect of Noise on Mental Performance and Selected Physiological Functions in Different Combinations Between Noise and Dynamic Muscular Work Radiation Protection Philosophy Bioethical Problems and Priorities - Abst 1139/78 Abst 1145/78 Abst 1173/78 Abs1 Abst 1190/78 1192/78 1202/78 Industrial Hygiene Digest November 1978 INDUSTRIAL DUSTS AND INHALANTS 1191/78 UK Naval Dockyards Asbestosis Study Radiological Methods in the Surveillance of Workers Exposed to Asbestos G. Sheers et al Brit J. Ind Med 35 195-203 August 1978. 11 refs In a survey of the effects of exposure to asbestos in the UK Naval Dockyards small- and large chest radiographs of 674 men have been examined These films have been read under survey conditions by two readers using a simple screening classification and also in a controlled trial by five readers using the full ILO C classification Comparison between the reading methods showed a deficiency independent of the size of film of at least 30 in the detection of asbestos radiographic abnormalities when the screening classification was used For adequate diagnostic sensitivity the ILO C classification appears to be essential There was a deficiency of 43 in significant abnormalities observed by a majority of readers in the small films when dircetly compared with large film readings This deficiency could be reduced to % by using readings of the small films at any level of abnormality by any of the five readers When the ILO C readings were related to the clinical diagnoses the only abnormality missed was a small pleural plaque Films with previously agreed coding were inserted at intervals during the reading trial and helped to maintain the consistency of reading Right oblique views were taken for 1884 men in addition to the sized anterior view but the contribution provided by this view proved insufficient to justify its use in large surveys The cost of a survey when small films are used as a screening method is reduced to between third and half of the cost when large films are used assuming that the abnormality rate is not more than % However this cost advantage for small films is likely to be overtaken by the development of automatic large units The radiation dose when small films are used is inercased by a factor of about 20 but is within the prescribed safety level It is concluded that at least three readers should be involved using the full ILO C classification Small films may be of particular use in a large survey in which the abnormality rate is expected to be low and which might otherwise be too expensive A sensitive re dnig method and a high standard of film quality are essential factors in the use of this technique -Authors abstract reprinted by permission 1192/78 A Review of Asbestos Exposures in Ontario G. S. Rajhans et al Am Ind Hyg Assn J. 39 767-771 September 1978. 5 refs In order to evaluate whether or not the current Ontario Asbestos Standard of 2 fibers greater than 5 micrometers in length per milliliter of air is technologically feasible a review of asbestos sampling data available in official records was undertaken The data are based on samples collected at various dates between 1972 and 1976 using the membrane filter technique The majority of the membrane filter samples prior to 1974 are area samples ^fin contrast with later ones which are personal samples The results indicate that the level of 2 fibers per milliliter is technologically feasible in the five plants studied The paper also describes the dust control measures deemed to be adequate in achieving the present Ontario standard for asbestos --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 27 Industrial Hygiene Digest 1193/78 Familial Mesothelioma After Intense Asbestos Exposure at Home J. Am Med Assn 240 467 August 4 1978. 3 refs F. P. Li et al workers but the neoplasm may also develop after Mesothelioma is primarily an occupational disease of asbestos mesotheliomas in the wife and a intense exposure to asbestos outside the workplace This report of pleural health asbestos handler suggests that gross asbestos contamination of the home can be a serious daughter of an -Authors abstract reprinted by permission permission hazard 1194/78 Malignant Mesothelioma and Mask Assemblers D. B. Jefferys and J. A. Vale Brit Med J. 2 607 August 1978. refs briefly was first described in 1960 there have Since the relation between malignant mesothelioma and asbestos exposure the incidence of mesothelioma at three several studies of groups exposed to asbestos Jones reported been blue asbestos and charcoal fibres during the second world factories which assembled service respirators containing are no reports of factories have developed a mesothelioma Apparently there war To date 50 workers at these who after the assembly of gas masks in the first world war The authors describe one such patient mask assembly plant mesothelioma and another case in man who was employed at a assembled masks in the 1914-18 war - Authors abstract reprinted by permission in Leyland Lancashire in the second world waar 1195/78 Concentrations of Silica Containing Condensation Aerosols On the Substantiation of Maximum Permissible L. M. Petin Gig Trud Prof. Zabol 6 28-33 1978. refs Russian condensation aerosols generated in the course of electrothermal processes the It has been confirmed that in the content in the melted stock but is much higher than in content of free silica subsides parallel with its diminishing evidenced a mounting silicon content in by the amorphous variety As eminently the latter being represented of the developing aerosol dispersion and solubility of its the smelted ferrosilicon is attended by an increasing degree silicotic changes in with their subsequent lesser accumulation in the lungs In spite of this the greatest of free SiO 82.9 per particles with the highest content produces 89.9 acrosol the lungs of the rats during chronic inhalation inhalation of the quartz dust per cent cent these changes being even more intensive than with an analogous nature of quartz dust and 3 of a comparative assessment of the fibrogenous SiO2 of free On the ground of silica correction to the condensation aerosols of the ferrosilicon production containing different percentages concentrations are proposed --Author's --Author's summary in English permissible existing maximally 1196/78 Lung Bacterial Contamination of Cotton and Cotton Dust and Effects on the Brit J. Ind Med 35 ' 204-207 August 1978. 20 refs R. Rylander and M. Lundholm permission and of cotton from different mills was investigated investigated Bacterial contamination of various parts of the cotton plant When guinca pigs bacterial species were negative rods mainly of the Enterobacter genus was found for The predominant from cotton a strong leucocyte mobilising capacity inhaled strains of these bacteria cultivated of the development of or Bacillus species The aetiology Pseudomonas and Enterobacter but not for Agrobacterium of endotoxins is after inhalation of containing dusts and subsequent production pulmonary symptoms --Authors abstract reprinted by discussed 28 December 1978 Volume 42 No. 12 HYGIENE "INDUSTRIAL DIGEST LITERATURE ABSTRACTS ENVIRONMENTAL OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY NEWS - oo a te | Aa HEALTH FOUNDATION INDUSTRIAL INC 5231 CENTRE AVENUE . PITTSBURGH PA 15232 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST Editor Jane F. Brislin M.L.S. Abstractors Cynthia S. Bryan B.A. Jean L. Collins B.A. December 1978 Volume 42 No. 12 TABLE OF CONTENTS + This Issue Contains Abstract Numbers 1218/78 -- 1317/78 News Items 2... 0 nce ee ee ee Coming Events . 6. 6 6 ee ee ee ee ee ee ee eS Legal Developments 2. - ee ee eee ee ee Books and Pamphlets ' 6. 6 ee ee ee ete es Se ee Industrial Medicine 2... 6 ee eee ee ee rr rrr, Skin Discases And Burns . .- A Chemical Hazards ee ee a Industrial Dusts and Inhalants " 6 6 6 ee ee ee eee ee ee oo . rn Physical Hazards 2 ) es Radiation 5. 8 ee Environmental Problems . 0 6 ee ee 6 6 ee ee ee a 6 ee ee ee He ye ee ee ar . sae ee ee oo Occupational Health Management 6-6 4 se ee ee ees Safety Accident Prevention . 6 6 6 ee ee ee Analytical Methods Index 6 0 ee ee Miscellaneous + ...-+--- Ce te ee ee ee et a rr ar Addresses of Journals Abstracted . . 2 6 6 ee ee ee he FEATURES + Weight and Blood Pressure of 1 Million Americans Findings in Hypertension Screening The Comparability of Chest ray Interpretations and Pulmonary Function Test Results by Different Observers Recent Trends in the Immunology of Contact Sensitivity , II Exposure to Xylene and Ethylbenzene I. Uptake Distribution and Elimination in Man Chronically Epidemiologie Investigation of Employees Methylene Chloride Mortality Analysis to Exposed Exposure to Toluene in a Photogravure Printing Plant in Ambient Air and Uptake in the Body Concentration Occupational Made Mineral Fibres An Overview The Control of Railroad Noise Abst 1238/78 1238/78 Abst Abst 1241/78 1246/7 Abst 1248/78 Abst 1253 Abst Abst Abst 1256 1269/78 1277/78 1277/78 i Industrial Hygiene Digest December 1978 1234 NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods Second Edition Volume 4 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Single copies available at no charge : Send addressed mailing label to Publications Dissemination NIOSH 4676 Columbia Parkway Cincinnati OH 45226. v.p. 1978 DHEW NIOSH Publication Number 78-175 This fourth volume the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods contains 60 environmental monitoring methods These NIOSH sampling and analytical procedures give step information and instructions on how to monitor for toxic chemicals found in the workplace All but one of the methods is designed for personal air monitoring to determine exposures to individual workers The majority of the methods have been validated using the protocol developed under the joint NIOSH Standards Completion Program evaluated and are presented for your information and trial use The other methods have been only partly Author's abstract 1235 Asbestos Disease L. Preger et al Available from Gruen & Stratton 111 Fifth Avenue York NY 10003. 271 p 1978 Price 24.00 A voluminous literature on asbestosis and its complications has appeared during the past three decades Asbestos- Related Disease brings together this growing body of information about the radiographic and clinical manifestations of asbestos exposure and inhalation The book coordinates a vast amount of previously scattered information by presenting it in a systematic easily accessible form Sections on radiographic techniques are combined with a section on the clinical management of patients with objective evidence of asbestos exposure A major feature of the book is the close attention paid to a correlation of the epidemiologic pathogenetic pathological roentgenologic and elinical manifestations of asbestos disease The illustrations of uniformly high qualty reveal changes that are often subtic and extremely difficult to reproduce The inclusion of a number of computed tomographic seans provides a new dimension in illustration Where appropriate reference is made to the use of ultrasonography and scintiphotography in the study of the disease 1- Publishers release 1236 Biochemical Effects of Environmental Pollutants S. D. Lee and B. Peirano editors Available from Ann Arbor Science Publishers Incorporated 230 Collingwood P.O. Box 1425 Ann Arbor MI 48106. 478 1977 Price 28.00 The primary purpose of this book is to emphasize the necessity of understanding the biochemical effects of environmental pollutants Early detection of biochemical lesions that are related to subsequent changes in structure and physiology is imperative to the assessment of environmental hazards that produce disease in human populations Major topics discussed include trace metal and oxidant pollutant toxicology the interaction of nutritional factors in modifying the effects of toxic substances the multiplicity of mechanisms that will interfere with particular systems specific interactions between environmental chemicals the development of tolerance following exposure and the variation of response among individuals This book will provide invaluable information to biochemists toxicologists environmental and public health professionals and to all those concerned with the degenerating quality of the environment and human health Publishers relcase Industrial flygiene Digest _ December 1978 1240/78 Mortality in Unionized Truck Drivers R. V. Luepker and M. L. Smith J. Occup Med 20 677-682 October 1978 12 ref,, To determine occupational mortality in the Central States Tearnster population all death certificates for a three- month period in 1976 were collected and coded With the exception of respiratory tract cancer and motor vehicle accident deaths mortality rates were lower than those found in the U.S. population and comparable to those found in other employed populations It was not possible separatthee effect of cigarette smoking from environmental exposure to explain the excess respiratory tract cancer death Unexpectedly the majority of accident mortalities occurred away from work rather than at work --Authors --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 1241/78 The Comparability of Chest Ray Interpretations and Pulmonary Function Function Test Results by Different Observers " R. J. Halen J. Occup Med 20 670-674 October 1978. ref . , A comparison of interpretations of chest ray findings on the same subject by different observers utilizing the ILO classification of the pneumoconioses indicates that substantial differences of opinion about the presence or absence of pneumoconiosis and its extent can occur The lack of randomness of major differences between readers and the relatively recent adoption of this classification method in this country suggests that further educational efforts may reduce discrepancies between readings Differences between one visit results of selected pulmonary function tests by different examiners of the same subject support the wisdom of cautious interpretation and application of isolated observations --Condensed from author's conclusion 1242/78 Plant Evaluation of the Muscle Strength of Workers Am Ind Hyg Assn J. 39 801-807 October 1978 E. Kamon and A. J. Goldfuss 12 refs The static muscular strength of the back extensors ^/rmflexors and hand grip were measured on industrial workers 463 men and 139 women involved in physically demanding jobs among workers on different jobs However strength differences No significant differences were evident with respect in strength were found to age and sex women were about 60 percent as strong as men and men below 31 years of age were stronger than men above this age --Authors --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 1243/78 Malignant Mesothelioma Current Status and Future Prospects Chest 74 438-444 October 1978. 97 refs J. Aisner and P. H. Wiernik A number of leads have been generated from the reports on malignant mesotheliomas over the past years Epidemiologic data have allowed us to link this disease to industrial and environmental exposure to asbestos and thus identify a particular population at risk Pathologic studies have enabled us to develop specific criteria for the histologic identification of this tumor Diagnostic studies have developed criteria that can be utilized to find and follow the course of this disease Finally there have been many reports of attempts to treat malignant mesothelioma most of which have been applied to relatively small groups of patients Although no definitive treatment is available investigational efforts to date analyses of these studies These include combining one or more can give us important leads to pursue for future of the methods discussed into prospective studies --Authors summary reprinted by permission 10 + Industrial Hygiene Digest __ December 1978 Tidal volume in the determination of pulmonary uptake of O the dose curves for the three species lend strong support obtained on animals exposed to Dz in man examined The consistency and similarity of to the validity of extrapolating to man the results --Authors --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 1273/78 Biological Effects of Chrysotile After 30 Sorption M. C. Jaurand et al Environ Res 17 216-227 II Effects on Alveolar Macrophages and Red Blood Cells October 1978. 36 refs An experimental study has been carried out using different biological and biochemical in vivo and in vitro tests for assessing the toxicity of natural UICC A chrysotile and sorbed UICC A chrysotile and for delecting a possible synergistic effect For in vivo studies rabbits received an intratracheal injection of chrysotile fibersuspended in physiological saline PS The control group received only PS all animals were sacrificed after 68 hr The alveolar free cells were harvested by pulmonary lavage The results have shown that chrysotile induces a decrease in the free cell population but there was no significant difference in the number of viable cells or in the nature of cells harvested between the two chrysotile groups Enzymatic activities of the alveolur macrophages from animals injected with chrysotile showed a significant increase of the enzymes LDH and acid sorbed phosphatases The LDH increase could In vitro studies using alveolar be related to macrophages the affinity of the enzyme regarding some chemical forms of harvested by pulmonary lavage have shown no differences SO2 between the two chrysotile groups when cell viability and enzyme relcase were studied The toxic effect was due to chrysotile fibers decrease of 38 in cell viability and increase in cellular enzyme release when compared with control When rabbit red blood cells were used both natural and SO chrysotile fibers showed the same hemolytic activity The failure to detect high differences between the two chrysotile groups may be related to the chemical form of sorbed SO : --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 1274/78 Effects of Asbestos on Epithelioid Cell Lines A. I. Neugut et al Environ Res 17 256-265 October 1978. 29 refs The in vitro effects of asbestos fibers on the growth and viability of CHO cells an epithelioid cell line derived from and on 22 cells an epithelial cell line derived from rat liver have been studied Chinese hamster ovary Relatively low concentrations of asbestos 10 ml were quite cytotoxic chrysotile asbestos was more toxic than samples of crocidolite or amosite The from the asbestos and toxicity occurred only if there was physical contact to both cell types A sample of toxic factor could not be extracted between the fibers and the cells Although cultures the phorbol ester class of tumor promoters induces asbestos did not induce this protease in epithelioid the synthesis or fibroblast of plasminogen activator in various cell cell cultures The results obtained are compared to previous in vitro results obtained with fibroblast or macrophage cultures and are discussed in terms of their possible relevance to asbestos fibrosis and tumorigenesis --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 1275/78 The Consistency of the Gravimetric and Impenger Methods in Evaluating Hazardous Dusty Conditions B. Samimi et al Am Ind Hyg Assn J. 39 817-824 October 1978. 6 refs The questions addressed in this paper are 1 in dusty conditions where both Impinger and Gravimetric Sampling used methods can be such as in the case of silica bearing dusts which of the two methods considering the TLY'S would be more sensitive in detecting hazardous concentrations and 2 what is the consistency of the two methods in monitoring dusty conditions The Midget impinger technique has the least accuracy and may fail in evaluating 20