Document JNg9ZRMBq2mDYK2EejaLyJpJv

FILE NAME: Crane Company (CRC) DATE: 1944 June DOC#: CRC101 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Trade Journal Heating & V entilating - Index of Advertisers ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF ADVERTISERS A A c m e I n d u s t r i e s ................................. 43 A ir C o n d i t i o n i n g E n g i n e e r i n g Co. 116 Air-Maze Corporation ..................... 40 A irtem p Dlv. Chrysler Corp.......... 4 Airtherra Mfg. Co............................... 105 Alco Valve Co...................................... 11-24 Allen Corporation ............................. 13 A m erican Air F i l te r Co., Inc.......... 27 A m e r lc a i'* 'o - w e r Corp..................... * Am erican L ,. let Ste am Co..........119 American-Marsh Pumps, Ino.......... * Am erican Rolling Mill Co............... 14 Arm strong Machine W orks ........... 10 Automatic P roduc ts Co................ 108 B Badger Mfg. & Sales Co Baldor E lectric Co............................. 105 Barber-Colman Co............................... 38 Bell & Gossett Co............... 35 B eth lehem Steel Co........................... 97 Breidert, G. C., Co............................. * Brooks E q uipm e nt Co....................... 114 B ryant H e a te r Co............................... 32 Buffalo Bolt Co.................................... 7 Buffalo Forge Co................................. 45 Byers, A. M,, Co................... * C Carey, Philip, Mfg. Co...................... 34 Carrie r Corporation .......................... 33 Cash, A. W., Valve Mfg, Corp. . . . 12 Chrysler Corporation ..................... 4 Classified Advertisin g ..................... 115 Continental Steel Corp..................... * Crane Co................................................ 31 Crown Iron W orks Co...................... 115 Curtis Refrigerating Mch. Div. of Curtis Mfg. Co................................. 48 D Detroit L ubricator Co....................... 6 Detroit Stam ping Co......................... 119 Dravo Corporation ........................... 93' Dunham, C. A.-, Co............................. 103 E Econom y Pumps, Inc......................... * Electric Auto-Lite Co......................... 112 V. Elgo S h u tte r & M anufacturin g Co. * Ellsw orth Pipe & Supply Co.......... 17 Emerson Electric Manufacturing C o ........................................................... * F Freeman Stoker Dlv. Illinois Iron & Bolt Co,-........................................ I l l G General Controls Co........................... 107 General Electric Co........................... * H H ays Corp.............................................. 117 Henry Valve Co......................... . .. . * Holco '. h & Hoke Mfg. Co.............. 39 Howell E lectric Motors Co., Inside Back Cover I Ilg E lectric V entilating Co.............. * Illinois E n g i n e e r i n g Co., I n c .......... * Illinois T e s tin g L a b o ra to r ie s , Inc. 114 Iron Firem an Mfg. Co....................... 101 J Johnson Fan & Blower Corp.......... 36 Johnson Service Co..............Back Cover % '* K Kewanee Boiler Corp......................... 8 Korfund Co., Inc ................................. 119 L L adtsh Drop Forge Co.................... 29 Leland Electric Co............................. 23 Link-Belt Co ...................................... 16 M Marley Co., Inc. . .. Mario Coil Co....................................... 41 Marsh, Jas. P., Corp.......................... 49 Mercoid Corp........................................ 37 McCord Radiator & Mfg. Co..........1-17 McDonnell & Miller ......................... 95 Mlnneapolls-Honeywell Regulator Co.......................... Inside F r o n t Cover Modine M anufacturin g Co.............. 42 Mueller Brass Co................................ 26 N Nash E ngin eering Co. ...................... 50 Nelson, H erm an, Corp......................18-19 O Owens-Cornlng Fiberglas Corp. .. 99 P Pacific Steel Boilers . . . . v A..'. .. 6 Patterson-Kelley Co., Inc. . . . . . ' * Pee rle ss P um p Dlv., Food Machin ery Corp................................... \ . . . . 110 P e n n E l e c t r i c S w i t c h Co. . . . -it P o r te r , H. W ,, & Co., Inc . . . 1 IS P o w e r s R e g u l a t o r Co....................... 117 P r o p e l l a l e In c........................................ * R Reznor M anufacturing Co................ I Rie-wil Co.............................................. 9 S Sail Mountain Co............................... * Sarco Company, Inc ....................... * Sarc othe rm Controls, Inc................ 25 Smith, H. B., Co , Inc ..................... Somers, H. J., Inc ............................... S ta r E lectric Motor Co.................... 21 Superior Sheet Steel Co.................. * T Taylor Forge & PipeW o r k s . . . . 22 T h r u s t , H. A., & Co.......................... 23 Todd Shipyards Corp {Combus tion E quipm ent Div ) ................. 20 T r a n e Co............................................ 13 Trcrice, II, O., Co.................................. I l l Tube-Turns, Inc ............................... 91 T uttle & Bailey, inc ................... * U U. S. Machine Corp........................... " United States Air Conditioning Corp...................................................... * United States Radiator Corp. . . 5 W W agne r E lectric Co........................... 106 W a n t Advertisem ents ..................... 116 W ebste r, W arre n,' & Co................... 2 W eeks, B. H ......................................... * Westinghouse Electric & Manu facturing Co...........'..................'...46-47 W hite Rodgers E lectric Co............ * W hitlock Manufacturing Co......... * W ing, L. J , Mfg. Co......................... 115 Worthington Pump & Machinery Corp..........: ............................ ............ 30 Y Y a r n a U - W a r i n g Co....................109-114-116 York Heal Dlv., York-Shlploy, Inc. Y o u n g 'R a d iato r Co............................ 113 AdrertisemcDt ippetrod in precedi* issue. 120 J U N E , 1944, H E A T I N G A N . 4 E N T IL A " ,tNG . st>- The A d v er tise rs' In d e x is p u b lish ed as a co n v e n ien ce , and not as a p art oj tfic advertising c o n tr ic ti ^ t- r lft 'b- E very care w ill be ta ken to in d e x correctly. N o allow an ce w ill be m ade fo r errors or fa ilu re to 1 ' r\ A Airetool Mfg. C o.............................................329 A i k e n - M u r i a y C o r p ........................................ 100 Alien B ra dle y Co .......................................... * A Jils-Chairoers Mfg. Co............................... 9 Alipa x Co , I n c ................................................. 324 A lu m in u m Co. of A m e r ic a ....................... * A m e ri c a n B lo w er C o r p ................................ 32 A m e ric a n Coai B u r n e r Co............................133 A m e ric a n E n g i n e e r i n g Co. ( H o i s t s ) . . . . 35 A m e ric a n En ginee ri ng- Co. ( .S to k e rs ).. * A m eri can Mon orail Co. ............................... 38 A m e ric a n P u l v e r i s e r C o................................110 A naco nda W ire & C ab le Co...................... 33 A nd ers on Co.. V*. D.................... 115 A r k a n s a s F u e l Oil Co................................... * A r m s t r o n g M a c h i n e W o r k s ....................... 85 A sb estos T e x t i l e &. P a c k i n g DW,, K a y b e s t o s - M a n h a t t a n C orp ..................... * Audei & C o , T he o .......................... 130 A u to m a tic T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Co......................29 G a r d n e : - D e n v e r C o........................................ ' Garlock P a c k i n g Co..........................................27 C e n e m i Coal Co............................................. * G e n e r a l E l e c tr ic C o..........................................8? G o ld e n -A n d e rs o n V a lv e S p e c ia lt y Co. 133 Goulds P u m p s , I n c ........................................ * Gould S t o r a g e B a t t e r y C o rp ...................... * Gre ene, T w e e d & Co.....................................H2 G rlnneil C o.....................................B a c k Cover G rls c o m -R u ss e l! Co........................................ * Gulf Oil C o r p ..................................................... 106 H Hal) L a b o r a to r ie s , I n c ...................20 a n d 21 H e r c u le s F lo a t W o r k s .............................. .120 H o f f m a n C o m b u st io n E n g 'g. Co............. * H o m e s te a d Valve Mfg. Co........................ H I Pcaboflv Engineer! . Peerless Pum p Dlvjsio P e r m u t J t Co............ Philco Corporation Putshm gh Piping & Plibrico ' ` Po w eil Co., Power Show Powers Reg P r a t DJaan 'iel C o n i ................................. S > : ' ' , ' ' '< Pi itch .......... Q u a k e r R u b b e r C orp .................... VAVitVi.B'V^.'O ' i 4 c IS H b fc 8 B a b b i t t S t e a m S p e c ia lt y Co....................... 130 B abc oc k &. Wilcox tB oii era ) ................... * Bailey M e te r Co. ............................................ * Bald w i n - D u c k w o r t h D ivision ................... * B ay S ta lo A b r a s i v e P r o d . C o.................. * Beico in d u s t r i a l Eq u ip , D iv is io n ................." Belmont Pack in g & Rubber Co. ...106 B eU , W. H. & L. V ....................................... 31 Bird A r c h e r C o................................................ Black -S ivalls & B r y s o n ............................101 Blaw-Knox C o.(G rating Division)... * B r a d - F o o t e G e a r W o r k s ....................... * B r o w n I n s t r u m e n t Co. ......................... 28 B row ne ll Co....................................................... * Buel l E n g i n e e r i n g Co., I n c .................... 91 B uil de rs Pr o v id en c e , Inc. . . . ..................12? B usu m an Mfg. Co...............................82 a n d 83 Carlisle C o u n t y ' I c e Co..............................1 32 C arolin a R e f r a c t o r ie s Co............................ 130 C h a p m a n Va lve Mfg. Co........................... 36 Chicago B r id g e & Iron Co........................11? Cities Se rv ic e OU Co......................... * C la rk Mfg. Co. ................................................ 11 Classified A ds ................................................ 332 Cleveland C h ain & Mfg. Co....................... 123 Clippe r B elt L a c e r C o......................... * C och r an e C o rp o ra tio n ................................104 C om bust io n E n g . Co., Inc. . . . . . . 1 4 a n d 16 C om bust io n E q u i p m e n t D lv .................... * C o n tin e n ta l Gin Co............................. . . . . . 1 0 3 C ra ne C o m p a n y ............................................ 23 0 D a r t Mfg Co., E. M. ................................ 102 D avis R e g u l a t o r Co.......................................131 D a yto n R u b b e r Mfg. C o ............................... * De Lava l S t e a m T u r b i n e Co...................... * D e tro it S t o k e r Co............................................ * O ra v o C o rp o ra tio n ( H e a t e r D e p t . ) , . . . 85 Oravo Corporation (Power Dept.) ... . 2 E a g le -P ic h e r Co. ............................................ 95 Edg e Moor Ir o n W o r k s , I n c ................... 4 E dw a rd Valves, In c ....................................... * Elgin S o f te n e r Corp. .....................................125 E n g i n e e r Co....................................................... * E r n st W a t e r Co lumn & Ga ge Co.......... 128 E v e r l a s tin g V a lv e Co.................................. * F e d d e r s - Q u i g a n C orp .....................................114 F is h e r G o v e rn o r C o............................. * Flexible Ste el L a c in g Co..........................128 Flcxitnlllc G a s k e t C o .................................... * F o s te r W h e e l e r C o rp ..................................... 79 Fric k C o m p a n y ........................................... 125 F ult on Sylp hon C o ........................................ 97 F y r - F e e d e r I n d u s tr ia lS to k e rs .................. 133 I n d u s t r i a l E l e c tr o n ic s Co........... Ing alls Ir on W o r k s Co.................. International Exposition Co. .. In ternational Nickel Co., Inc. iro n F i r e m a n Mfg. Co.................. ....126 ! ! !! 18 J e n k i n s B r o s ................... In s id e B a c k C over J.ToohhnnsPOM'anSveirlvleice....C...o.................................................................... <1* J o n e s F o u n d r y & Mch. Co., W . A ............ * _. _ . K e w a n e e Boil er Corp ............................... K ir k St B l u m Mfg. Co..................... 24 L a y n e & B o w le r , I n o .................................... 124 Leslie C o m p a n y ......................................... * L i b e r t y E n g i n e e r i n g & Mfg. Co ........ 24 Lille H o f f m a n n Cooling T ow e rs , Inc... .131 Linco ln E l e c tric Co ................................... * L i n k B ei t C o.................................................... 1? Liquid C o n d itio n in g C o rp ........................... * L t im m u a C o m p a n y ....................................... * L u n k e n h e i m e r Co........................................... 30 M M H V a lv e & F i t t i n g s Co.................. i. M an zel B r o t h e r s Co ................................ 128 Marion M achine F d ry & Supply Co ..124 M a r s h Corn., J a m e s P ................................ * M as o n -N e ila n R e g u la to r Co.. . . . . . . . * M e d a r t C o m p a n y ......................................... 121 M id w e s t P i p i n g & S upply Co.,I n c ........... 99 M occ a si n B u s h i n g Co.................................... 127 M o n a r c h F u s e Co., L t d ............................... * M ors e C h a i n Co................................................ 25 M u r r a y Ir on W o r k s C o................................ 116 M u r r a y Mfg. Co., D. J ....................................126 N N a tio n a l A l u m n a t e C o r p ........................... ^ N a tio n a l Boil er P r o t e c t o r Co....................118 N a tio n a l V a lv e & M.fg. Co.......................... 26 N l a o r a r n . B l o w e r C o ............................................. * N ic ho lson & Co., W . H ...............................130 N o r t h e r n E q u i p m e n t Co. ....................... 34 N o rto n Co........................................................ . * N u g e n t Co., Inc,. W m . W .................. * Oakito Products, fnc .122 Otis E l e v a t o r Co . 16 ----- i n s i d e FrohVCtfr.Rfc.l*! ' R e p u b l i e Flo w M e t e:rrss COo ...........i ' T O p . 'f i ' M }'' ; ' Republie Rubber Division R ic h a r d s o n tteale Co............... s . R oss H e a t e r Si Mfg. C o.............. R o to D ivis ion ............0..0............. . X R o u n d & Son, D a vid ................ 'A* A, " tl t e Shell Oil C o . Inc. Shepard Niles Crane SSikni.cn..lna.eirr ER.ne.fgi'n--nieng.C.oC...o.................. < S m ith , Inc., v\ infield H ............ "*EMiS4S! S m o o t h - O n Mfg. Co................... -l SSnnaapp OOnn TToooollss CCoorrno...........................................1*`i Soc o n y -V a c u u m Oil Co. . -`l y `i-I'-A*i S o u t h e r n N a t u r a l Gas Co. *' - ` "all ay System .... M '.Vf % tpply & E quip. Co. /. * , C. E ................... ' S t a n d a r d ull Co............................. - - S tr o n g , Carlisle & H a m m o n d . Co, S t u r t e v a r . t C o . B. F ...........< :'* S y n t r o n Company .....................{ '1 t e - ^ a*h i* \i J : V 4'i'7''' ' .A ?. t uG L s * ' t ; Taylor Forge ^ Pipe V Terry Texas SCtoe...a.m... ..T...u..r.b.i.n..e. ' Todd S h iIppyair'cdlss C o rp .................... ? . VvL t k a T rlc o F u no` M r. Co. . . . . . . . . . . V M H f t & f l i T W * T r o y E n gjl!n & M ac hino Co. ' 1 < ::1 i M l f f e L U. S. Hoffman Mchy. Co, U nit e d S t a t e s R u b b e r Co, *`-.RL.-iAiu]V| | > T | *'. R Voss Co., J. H. U. ' Vulcan Soot Blower Corp. w W a n t A d s ...........................A W . T n A W a r r e n S te a m P u m p Co., ini W a tc h e m o k e t Optical Co., W e b s t e r E n g i n e e r i n g C o . ' ; g ?3 W estinghouse Electric Coip.jft^ W h e e l e r M fg Co., C. H. j - ' . t v W i l s o n I n c . T h o m a s C- W ing Mfg. C o, L. J `tfS W riglev J r . Co.. W Ullarrt.;^ W' % Y T a r n a l l - W a r l n g Co. B lU 1 134 SOUTHERN POWER & INDUSTRY for N Castleman Asbestos File on CRANE w/c = with cover letter or memo If DATE = 0, undated CD-ROM Document #: DATE = / f 3 ^ __. u d e letter fro m m e d ic a l trade journal __ published presentation from conference __ published governm ent report __Fed Register notice __ governm ent inspection results __ unpublished or internal report __ unpublished presentation from conference __ newspaper article __ letter __ m emorandum __ industry warning labels __ industry sales literature __ industry recommended practices __ agenda ___ minutes ____ attendee list le g a l__deposition __ testim ony o f ________________: other Page 224 INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE May, 19363 2:00--"Common Injuries of the Chest," by E dgar W. D avis, D epartm ent of Chest Surgery, U niver sity Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich, (illustrated with slides). 2:30--"In d u stry Turns to the Physician," Dr. Carey P. McCord, Director', 'Health Conservancy Laboratories, Cincinnati, (slides, gross specimens, autopsy m aterial and special measuring instru ments) . 3:30--"F ractures of the Neck of the Fem ur, Acute and Ununited; Methods of Treatm ent for the Acute Fractures and Various Types of Treatm ent Available for the U nunited Fractures," D r. Carl E. B adgley. Professor of O rthopedic Surgery, U niver sity of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor. 4:30---Business Meeting. 5:00--"Vascular Dilatation and C erebral Stim u lation," general discussion. 6:30--A nnual Banquet. 8:00--"Clinical Aspects of Silicosis," by D r. R oss K. Childerhose, of Allenwood, Penna., (slides and exhibit). D R. HORACE W. PORTER summarizes the pro gram as follows: "It was the aim of the Program Committee to get away from the usual symposium on fractures as much as possible, and deal more w ith the medi cal side of our specialty of industrial medicine and surgery. "The address of Dr. McCord was of unusual in terest; the various occupational diseases had never been discussed so completely before at any m eet ing of this organization. Dr. McCord had just re turned from Yucatan where he was sent to investi gate an occupational disease which suddenly be came prevalent among the natives who gather chicle for the chewing gum m anufacturers. The disease consisted of an necrosis of the left ear and chin, with the right side of the face uninvolved. "In addition to discussing occupational diseases in general, Dr. McCord demonstrated, by autopsy of three guinea pigs, one of which was normal, the results of injecting dust containing silica into the peritoneal cavity of these animals, "Dr. McCord also dem onstrated various in stru m ents for the proper and accurate m easuring of dust and carbon monoxide. "The movie on 'B urns' was a clinical m aster piece; the result of considerable work on the part of Dr. Grover P enberthy and his Assistant, Dr. C. N. Weller, of the C hildren's Hospital, Detroit. "A nother outstanding feature of the day's pro gram was the evening address by Dr. Childerhose, who is associated w ith D evitt's Camp for Tubercu losis at Allenwood, Penna. "S ituated as he is in the anthracite district, Dr. Childerhose has made the study of silicosis a hobby, and is well able to discuss the subject authoritatively. "At the business m eeting the following officers w ere elected for 1936-1937: President--A. H. W hittaker, M.D., F.A.C.S., D etroit; Vice-President -- L eon S evey, M.D., G rand Rapids'. Secretary-Treasurer -- D on F. K udner, M.D., F.A.C.S., Jackson; Directors -- L. H. Childs, M.D., F lin t; Carl E. B adgely, M.D., F.A.C.S., A nn A rbor; and H enry J.-P yle, M.D., G rand Rapids." Clinical Aspects of Silicosis! B y Ross K. Childerhose, M.D., Allenwood, Penna. SILICOSIS is essentially an industrial diseas| and as such it has a vital interest for us^ W ithin the past decade especially, the ii| terest in this particular industrial hazard has b& come so widespread, and the knowledge of thj( disease so increased, that it has become necessary for us as physicians to have a thorough under standing of the condition. T ext books of 10 yeare] ago contain little or no inform ation on the subject]! and we m ust concede th a t m ost of our knowledge' is but recently acquired. Not only has interest, become widespread am ongst the medical profesjj sion, but legislators also, aided by representatives', of labor, are enacting or propose to enact laws of.' compensation for the disability caused by this dis ease. Considerable confusion exists regarding thi" various names th at have been applied to lung de| struction caused by dust. For example, the te: pneumonoconiosis is the one usually applied to] dust diseases in general, and because of this, " the preferable term because m ost cases are a due to one particular dust alone, but are a m: ture of two or m ore dusts. For instance, the thracite m iner of Pennsylvania is subjected to t' dusts, i.e., silica from the rock and coal dust. Th _ he has pneumonoconiosis ra th e r than silicosis. Tlii term anthracosis applies to the pigmentation"!1 the lung caused by the carbon. Siderosis is coif /idered as the damage to the lung by the inhat . tion of iron dust, bu t I doubt w hether any actualj damage to the pulm onary tissues is done. As wi shall see, the actual destruction is caused by silbj ca, and the term silicosis is now generally appll" for all these conditions although, properly speak ing, pneumonoconiosis is correct. }( Dusts are classified into tw o groups, i.e., organs ic and inorganic. We find the first type of dust m any industries, m ore especially in the texti trades. Carpet and rug w eaving factories are no] ed for their heavy dusts. Tobacco factories have some degree of dust of this type. These di m ay cause harm to the w orkers by: (1) carry! inorganic dust particles along th e lung, (2) by ai ing as a vehicle for the entrance of bacteria to tl_ lung and thus causing an inflammatory reactiop or (3) by setting up a protein hypersensitiveni in the body to this particular dust. This la' condition appears in the form of bronchitis, r] tis, and headache. In the textile industry itjj known as "Shoddy F ever," and generally aff(' the new , w orker only. W hile these various]!" turbances by organic dusts m ay be serious or'.jr vial, yet at no tim e do they cause a definite pit] m onary tissue destruction, and for our discuss! may be dismissed. $ We must, therefore, look to the inorganic di^ as the cause of pneumonoconiosis. Any inorg; "* dust to do this m ust contain silica, either alone' in combination. It is amazing the number of dustries in w hich silica m ay be the main const! ent of the dust arising in the process of work. " I m ention some of them? N early all forms of m ining render a sill Presented at the Spring M eeting of the M ichigan Association of India Physicians and Surgeons, Jackson, M ich., M ay 6, 1936. " thazari gzinc, < Idegrefgranii partie ling a: jftigh f tery 1 jing fo 8-Kazar< remin most scouri 5paper ;and e Jj.contai g? recent [t'cludec ^ .In ' "diseas bvhich fithe si: Itive ir Ifainin |and th gneans Partie |an.d ai fetioi %tra 'the Ithe eu adrfthe clfsafety jphat a jpartic; Iconter |p f sait ad gi oay b sed. . |the de filme i ne d; is. ready flepenr " s.wii rge ' sl ffhich rdin; iepu "' d rasi' .5 ,No. 5 INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE Page 225 rd to the workm en, such as gold, silver, lead, The sequence of changes th at occur in the lung he, copper, iron and anthracite. There is a high following the inhalation of silica dust is readily gree of hazard in th e'q u arry in g and dressing of understood by realizing th at silica essentially nite, sandstone and flint. In iron foundries, causes an over-production of fibrous tissue and ticularly in the preparation of moulds for cast- this in turn causes an entire derangem ent of the fig and the shaking out of these casts, we find a lym phatic drainage of the lung. Silicosis is there iigh silica content in the dust. Sand blasting, pot fore a disease or disorder of the lym phatic system ary .manufacture, glass making, sand rock drill- of the lung. The pulm onary lym phatic drainage is for excavating work, all contribute a silicosis slightly different from the venous drainage. .rd at some stage in the work. I have only to Roughly speaking, we m ay say th at the inner % ind you that silica is the chief ingredient in itjst of our abrasives, and this brings to mind buring and polishing soaps and powders, sand paper, sandstone and whetstones, sand blasting, 'md even some forms of tooth pastes and powder ntain silica in a very finely ground state. In nt years the asbestos industry has been intided, but this will be discussed later. In older to have a clear understanding of the sease, we should rem em ber several factors upon ` ch its development depends. The first concerns ie size of the dust particle inhaled. To be effec of the lung drainage is toward the hilum through the peri-vascular and peri-bronchial lymphatics, while the outer !4 is drained through the subpleural cistern which in turn empties into the larger lymphatics along the inter lobar septa and from thence to the hilum. We shall see the im portance of this in a few moments. At the bifurca tion of each blood vessel lies a m inute patch of lymphoid tissue through which pass these peri vascular and peri-bronchial lymphtics. These lymphoid deposits act as an im portant filter to the inward passage of the dust particle. W tive in its destructive action, all dust particles con- P athology of Silicosis iaining silica m ust be less than 10 u. in diam eter, |nd the vast m ajority are certainly under 4 u. This HEN the dust particle reaches the alveolus it is phagocytosed by large mono-nuclear cells ~leans that the dust which is harm ful is invisible. 'Particles larger than 10 u. cannot be phagocyted of endothelial origin, which for w ant of a better nam e have been called "Dust Cells". These cells and are therefore carried off in the bronchial se are able at first to transport the particle to the cretions. The second factor is the density or con neighboring tracheo-bronchial lym ph nodes where centration of dust. Most authorities report this ;mthe number of dust particles less than 10 u. in th eir fu rth er progress is arrested, and the first [the cubic foot. Usually th e num ber runs in the dcoenstcreupcttiiovne oefffietcst aocftitohne disustht aist nsoiltiecda. isTahcetepdreuspeonnt lundreds of thousands or millions depending on by the alkaline body fluids and slowly dissolves to e clarity of the atm osphere. The standards of Safety set up by various official bodies consider form a complex colloidal silica hydroxide, which in turn has a highly corrosive action on the nearby Tat a concentration of dust less than 10 million cells. Thus we have a m inute area of necrosis .icles per cubic foot in which the free silica surrounding the dust particle. Because the- con ontent is 35% or less to be the m axim um lim its version of the silica into the hydroxide is very bf safety. Later, I shall discuss several industries slow we have, for practical purposes, a continuous ipd give the com parative dust concentrations that irritan t, and this explains w hy the sim ple removal "ay be found when no prophylactic equipm ent is of the w orker from the dust exposure does not p re A'third factor th at is equally im portant in v e n t s continued advance of the disease in the the development of the disease is, the length of form ation of scar tissue. This irritatin g and cor The to which the w orkm an has been exposed. rosive action of silica stim ulates the form ation o f ' 'duration of tim e necessary to produce silico- scar tissue in its neighborhood to an over abund l&'is naturally affected by the other factors al- ance. N aturally, this distribution of scar,tissue "iady mentioned, and will therefore v ary greatly w ill depend on the lym phatic drainage. ..:Thus, pending on the industry. A pproxim ate tim e lim- early in th e disease we will see an intensification of '/will also be m entioned later for some of the ' the tru n k m arkings and a nodular appearance on :ge industries. the x-ray film from fibrous tissue form ation along some industries the silica dust is contam in- these vascular channels. These sm all areas of by the presence of other inorganic dusts fibrosis w ill be seen particularly in those minute, vhich seems to have either a stim ulating or a re areas of lym phoid tissue. W ith continued dusting ading effect on the corrosive action of silica on these nodules become larger and give a "snow ;epulmonary tissues. Typical of these is th at of storm " effect on the x-ray film. Should, however, al dust which has apparently the effect of re the exposure to silica be so intense or carried out ading silica, and th a t of alkaline soap in the for a long tim e the lym phatic drainage becomes irasive'soap industry w here silicosis frequently so disorganized th at dust accum ulates in the in ter es the acute form. Thus the problem of sili- stitial tissue and m assive areas of fibrosis''are i&sis is different in different industries. The in formed. T hat portion of the lym phatic drainage dividual resistance of the laborer m ust also be th a t runs peripherally also carries dust particles, :en into account. M any times I have been puzz- and in the course of tim e a pleuritis results and red by the apparently sm all degree of fibrosis in a dense pleural adhesions are formed. The density " e where I would norm ally expect an advanced of these adhesions is often astounding, and at ge.' These occasional cases have been ex autopsy they m ake the rem oval of the lung very plained by an extraordinary ability on the p a rt of difficult. These adhesions, especially at the; dia '".tore to excrete the silica before it can be in- phragm , interfere w ith respiration and a char ited.by the phagocytes and carried into the pul- acteristic finding of the th ird stage is the m arked onary tissues. irreg u larity and fixity of the diaphragm.,'?.. W ith The action, of silica on th e pulm onary tissue is the continued form ation of scar tissue, a m arked ;t of a foreign body having a corrosive action. degree of em physem a develops and, especially Hi May5 1936 h . VUL, 0> IN* along thfi m ediastinal m argins, the alveoli enlarges chronic form w ith very few symptoms. This has i,of dust i: so greatly th at em physem atous blebs are often found at autopsy. In the later stage of the disease been attributed to th e "protective" action of the. miners a: [high as 2 coal dust, bu t the exact explanation is still forthi! ip-tunately, there is a p artial obliteration of the vascular bed coming. W here an alkaline dust is found in com-: [-However and increased pressure results on the rig h t heart. bination w ith the silica, as in th e abrasive soapl If get an av The whole picture is one of excessive proliferation of fibrous tissue w ith n ature m aking valiant efforts binudtuasltsroy,, tnhoetsounslcyepistibthileityacotifotnheofwsoilrikcaerentohatnucbeedr,";; glcubic foe to compensate by emphysema. N aturally the vital culosis is increased. [This is e: lung capacity is lowered and the extra burden put region co on the heart, bringing the final picture to one of Diagnosis $takes abc [i velop a S! cardiac decompensation. T Clinically, the disease is divided into three HdeEpedniadgsnuospiosnofasiwlieclolsitsa,lkliekne hailsltoorthye. r dI tiseisasneost./f ` driller, o: stages, b u t this classification depends m ore on the sufficient m erely to inquire w hether the m an was; fifionr aosthsheor: ..xS-ervaeyraplicctluarsesiftihcaantioonns thhaeveacbtueeanl caldinviacnacl efdin, dsionmgse. wthoerpkianrgticinulaardtuysptey oofccwuoprakt,iohno.w Olonnegshhoeuhldaskbneoevng-jJ . extent ar of which are v ery complicated. None of them is at it, w h at precautions th e com pany has taken Sthe anthr ;i miners ir easntfiorellloywssa. tisfactory but the one in general use is pharevveebnetend.usFt,reaqnudenwtlhya, tw hitihs afowremlletrakoecncuhpiasttioorny,s'] f. stand tha Stage 1: Physical signs and clinical symptoms a diagnosis can be m ade w ith a fair degree of ac;lj The as are absent, b u t the x-ray shows a slight increase curacy, and th e diagnosis can then be clinched by.; attention *5 in the hilum shadows and perhaps there is a slight an x-ray. The roentgenological picture is no doubt; |,^opnostihtieonlu . restriction of the rig h t half of the diaphragm fam iliar to you. A com bination of the history an'd; "'ate, with under fluoroscopic examination. Some claim th at a slight haze in the mid-zone of the rig h t lung the film is in m ost eases, sufficient for the diag-.^ nosis. U nfortunately, the physical examination of>: not as sei lb is indicative, but I doubt w hether this is entirely the chest is not of m uch value. The fibrosis, eveifi ^Hiathsobseestoofs s lv . reliable. T he x-ray diagnosis at this stage is most ' difficult. . w hen in large masses, gives very few signs because! ^of the overlying areas of emphysema. I t is this; is called, ! ;. .. Stage 2:', Physical signs and clinical symptoms em physem a th at acts as an effectual blanket, and" gbestos oc V1' 1[ are usually absent although th ere m ay be a slight hides th e underlying pathology. [especiall; T bronchitis and the vital lung capacity is m oder- A bout th e only problem in differential diagn; l.'wallhyichwow^ ately lowered. The x-ray appearance is, however, '.quite characteristic--nodular shadows distributed sis is th at of tuberculosis, and usually it isT question of w hether tuberculosis is a complica^ |yances tc of its pa equally on both sides in th e inner % of each lung tion or not. G enerally, one can say th a t the dis ."asbestos ' field. .tributions of the shadows on the film are those off bodies at Stage 3: Physical signs are those of em physem a silicosis because they have an equal and bilateraij and m oderate bronchitis. T here m ay be a low distribution, and are found chiefly in th e mid-zohj fish-brow [shape th' V:. grade fever but the most prom inent sign is th at of dyspnea on m ild exertion, and some cyanosis. The of th e lung. In distinction, th e shadows of tuber';' culosis have a predilection for th e apex and are| ^Prussian Ilieved th x-ray picture discloses large patches of fibrous often unequally distributed. T he presence of a| .is found tissue in both lungs, distortion of the diaphragm cavity is a definite sign of tuberculosis, since we] of these by num erous pleural adhesions and areas of em physema, particularly in the apex and at the base. never get excavation in a p u re case of silicosis'.'; Ju st a w ord of caution in th e interpretation of.] n confirms In acute silicosis, th e first and second stages are cavities in advanced stages of silicosis:--I have s.same fre not often seen because the process is so rapid th at often been misled by the presence of areas of' ilicosis. large masses of fibrous tissue form directly. em physem a w hich are surrounded by patches of One oi Because Complications fibrosis. The appearance is m ost deceptive, and' frequently the only m eans of definitely determin iwell f o r ; the sand HE only complication of im portance is pu l ing the presence of the suspected cavity is by; formed . T m onary tuberculosis. It is a recognized fact autopsy. However, nearly all patients w ith cavityj th at if th ere has been a pre-existing laten t tu b er form ation w ill show tubercle bacilli in th e sputum.] [dust is a [grinders culous lesion the inhalation of silica dust w ill u n In all suspected cases of tuberculosis it is necessary] 'of as hig doubtedly re-activate it. If, however, th e silicosis to exam ine the sputum thoroughly. Ju st to relyj ome gr has been w ell established, th en the secondary in- on one or tw o negative sputum exam inations is tj Rafter fiv> ' fection of tuberculosis w ill be som ewhat lim ited have a .false sense of security. I have seen many! and tends to be chronic. T here is a certain sim ilar cases of. silicosis w ith cough and expectoration, nd iivater or [little val ity betw een the tw o diseases in th at both have a fever, and norm al w eight and working, who are had wor predilection for the lym phatic system. If the open cases of tuberculosis, and w ho were, there- [were 73' ' lym p h atics'are obliterated or badly disrupted by fore, continually infecting th e ir families. It has areas of fibrous tissue, then th e tuberculous lesion been m y practice to require at least 10 negative [that the [stone wl tends to be hem m ed in, so to speak, and w e have sputum exam inations-and two 24-hour collection [this, bee; a fibroid type of tuberculosis. Ju st to emphasize specimens w hich w ere exam ined either by coS [has very the im portance of this complication let m e quote centration m ethods or by culture dr guinea pig VSilica the figures of the M assachusetts Special Industrial inoculation. E very case of silicosis should be con-] Needless Commission. Their findings among industrial sidered as a probable tuberculosis patient untifl workers w ere th a t th e tuberculosis death ra te proven otherwise,"and even then he is a candidate! Silicosis sand in among granite w orkers w as 33%, and among tool for an acid fast infection. . Jg ,of silica sharpeners was 15%, w hile the proportionate m or tality of m ales over 20 in th e general population Individual Industries [shaking Mass; was only 7%. These figures apply, of course, to T ' cases of p u re silicosis, b u t sometimes th e tuber- HE hazard of silicosis natu rally varies in del gree am ong the different industries in whi<$| baled a culosis is modified b y a contam inating dust. In the silica is used. Some industries have more d| jgand ch: "lass me anthracite industry tuberculosis assumes a very than others. Probably the greatest concentration No. 5 INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE Page 227 t is to be'found in hard coal m ining w here "and miners helpers m ay be exposed to as 232.million particles per cubic foot. For- "tely, this dust has only Wz% of silica in it>,, " ver, the-rock drillers in th e anthracite mines ahaverage exposure of 82 million particles per : foot, and the silica percentage is up to 31. "is explained by the fact th at the rock in th at -n contains about 21% free silica. Usually, it I t 'about 20 years for the regular m irier to de- j a second or th ird stage silicosis, but the rock er, on the other hand, w ill show a third stage '''short a time as th ree years. For some reason hiher silicosis is not seen to nearly the' same Thamong the soft coal w orkers as w e see1it in j '.thracite region. T here are probably 100,000 : in the anthracite area, and you can under11that silicosis is quite a problem w ith us. ' V asbestos industry has come in for m uch' 'tion in recent years. The action of asbestos e lungs is sim ilar to th a t of silica and in com*, on asbestos is a m agnesium alum inum silic-. With traces of iron. The destructive effect is ' as serious as pure silica, b u t it is supposed th a t ' 'os undergoes changes in th e lung quite like of silica, only slower and th a t asbestosis, as it illled, is a true silicosis. The m ost dusty as" ; occupations are to be found in the factories, " " 'ally where the m ineral is broken up and finf woven, into the num erous m aterials w ith ch we'' are familiar. The disease rarely adces to the third stage.- T he one unique feature its pathology is the presence of the so-called hestos bodies". These are highly refractive f,es about 20 u. to 100 u. long. They are yellow- "4rown in color and do no t take any stain. In pe the bodies m ay be clubbed, and they give a Sian Blue reaction for iron. In fact, it is be_i that they are p artly caused by the iron th a t found with the asbestos m ineral. The finding Tese bodies either in the sputum or at autopsy, as the diagnosis of asbestosis. T here is the '.frequency of tuberculosis in asbestosis as in 'sis.-'. . 'e of the great uses of silica is as an abrasive, "use of its hardness, it lends itself particularly for this purpose. One of the chief offenders is -sandstone wheel, and under its use there is ed a constant stream of silica dust. M etal _is also formed, bu t it does no damage. Tool "tiers may be subjected to a dust concentration as high as 20-30 m illion particles per cubic foot. V grinders have shown a th ird stage silicosis , five to eight years' occupation. The use of er.on the stone in tool sharpening is of very ,,value. In a B ritish study of 500 grinders who worked at this occupation for 21 years there eV/3% who had silicosis. It is now advised t the carborundum be substituted for the sandfie wheel because it is not nearly so dangerous, because it does not w ear aw ay so quickly and 'very much less free silica, ilica is also used in the form of sand blasting. 2edless to say, this exposes the w orker to a real cosis hazard. In- the iron foundry, the use of 5 in casting causes quite a high concentration 'ilica in the atm osphere, particularly in th e g out of th e casting and cleaning th e casting, `assachusetts, a study of these conditions re"ed a dust count as high as 200 m illion for the d't'chippers and 84 for th e sand slingers. -In '"manufacture, th e hazard of silicosis m ay be high and also in certain parts of the pottery works. Each industry is a study in itself. The m ore one studies the subject of silicosis the m ore one .is amazed at the innum erable uses th at modern science has developed for this seemingly inert substance. All the way from astronomical telescopes to tombstones do we find silica. T reatm ent I THINK we all realize the seriousness of silic osis, and natu rally our problem is how to p re vent it. This can be done in one way only. That is to remove the dust at its source. Vacuum dust rem oval equipm ent is the only way to insure against this danger. Standards of safety require th at dust counts be kept under 10 m illion per cubic foot. The use of face masks, except w here a de finite supply of fresh air is given continually, is of no use. Those small face masks that cover the nose and mouth and contain a wet sponge are dangerous because they do not prevent the dust from enter ing the lung, and give a false sense of security. Once the disease has gained a foothold, the man should change his occupation, but even this will not stop the gradual formation of fibrosis in the future. In the advanced stage, the patient should be put to bed, and if possible, given sanatorium care. In this way the cardiac reserve can be im proved, and the patient made more comfortable. The seriousness of silicosis as an industrial hazard requires our careful consideration and study just as much as any other m ajor problem. Traumatic Derangements About, the Ankle Joint B y M. T. K oven, M.D., F.A.C.S., and H. E. S e l l e r , M.D. ; Brooklyn, N. Y. )". M"ANY traum atic mechanisms about the an kle joint are incom pletely understood and often are inadequately treated. We shall attem pt to classify the most im portant de-. rangem ents while integrating w here possible the m anner of th eir causation and the .lesions produc ed and methods of treatm ent. " ""V'- The three chief factors which determine the' type of injury in and about the ankle joint are the force of the impact, the obstacle, and the position, of the foot when striking the obstacle. Thus, run ning or jumping proportionately increases the force, while the relation of the position of the foot impacting against an obstacle to a large m easure determines w hether the foot inverts or everts. In the discussion to follow, one notes that the astragalus appears to play the most im portant role Ml in the anatom ic consideration. F rom .its position it is th e pivoting bone buttressed betw een the an A kle joint and the foot. Hence, it is essential to re- 'view some features of the astragalus; Superiorly, its articulating surface narrows from the anterior -A J to the posterior portion and articulates w ith the tibia. In com plete dorsiflexion the .-wider sides are wedged firmly against both malleolir In plan ta r flexion this m ortice is insecure.because of the space betw een its posterior lateral .'walls and the .'<Sr malleoli. ________ dr*- -% K ; . - s * Rrad before the Association of Traumatic Surgeon*,-NcwYorlc City. u.-V. -#A Castleman Asbestos File on CRANE 7 w/c = with cover letter or memo If DATE = 0, undated CD-ROM Document#:^RSHej)c DATE = ^ a r t i c l e __ letter from ^ m e d ic a l___trade journal __ published presentation from conference __ published governm ent report __ Fed Register notice __ governm ent inspection results __ unpublished or internal report __ unpublished presentation from conference __ newspaper article __ letter __ m em orandum __ industry warning labels __ industry sales literature __ industry recommended practices __ agenda ___ minutes ___ attendee list le g a l__ deposition ___ testim ony o f ________________: other V ou 4, Ko. 1 . INDUSTTRIA1. M EDICIN E t'-'OEfje 5 3 SUlitor diuic, ... n Sj'a6^s ------------------ --------------------- 1 pnr^ , Tartaric arilfi _ ----- Ti'tra ethyl l e a d ____,,,-- i _ 1r - i __ .... Trilito;* ----------------- -- s Trlchlerethrlcne- _________ 1i Trpudi -phQfTph. ^ <5 Tuupentltic . ____ ,_____ 12 7 UnkuijiHTi _____ _ y^TOoliiic ...... ... 1 V-ahj, _________ 0 Water 3 __, Zinc chloride Zinc nxliide I __, ... . , 3 -- Tiitol _______ 10 iSM D u si'f Ihaaih 'X'HEH.l is a. sinister sbw t that telfcs X every iociijitrr -- a gh-Cfit Wfatera name itseH is XerbMdUi*. I t I? called "la-eUtriDcumcKiit" s*d it Is tpjdto ss sumgemits as it w c iis ; dangrerci'us In mare V/ijra tlitoi one.'*- TjICitolOCOIStoiii,is the iileral toien.- tUkl telTj'i ApjilliKE 1 dtecritw: aril types oi duotofi Iirags. rt$ Ti-tewl .tratnsiiiilon is "A dueled. A i a .generic or Itimily a^iiliU & aitam brA ttis the dta- esssna which JXIAT result Iltilft tafcLb.- tten ot any soft * Jhleroscteplc par ticles,, DOminat ar f a r t In industrial prjwriwt of Cuimse. there are iotrr Jil-ifieipil stto-ilcvhdarw oi jaaeUrco-ciicjiiMis which occur with. puftLcicjat frcqacncy to male* them the .subjects be this short general yapes(lUii. The first ai these -typo, And pel-baps the most eommoTily ineixmlered is rillc-orLy. 'What Li sillcasis? It Is a afe-w i oi tbe lungs in tlie prtijircss o i wlifdbe there ia a gradual replacement Ol the normal d asite by -eayieldlBg Inelastic fihtrahi; tissue. Its ttto e -is the Inter-. ituttcht or ctitdinuouj bceathing erf microscopic p^rticlea oi sllca dust or sand, iar v arjiu g intervals o( -times This erases an increase ip the vallum* ot fab-rohs tissue in the limbs which, lr. turn, is tnartted by shcu-tnoAs of liteath and decrease in lung expan sion wrttl u resultant stliieplibHItj to tubereulnsis. Asbestos's Is caused, as the najiHi implies, by the inhalation o mitimSCOplCparticles, of ssbestOJi dirsL This l*pc oi pnflithXKlCjQidsis produces a de finite and lieueml -fibrosis cl th e lubds. Thsil is to say, a large volume- pi dtirous tissue is developed in th-i luruls as the resu lt ul the chronic infisnimc- tary condition-irKlUMd by Ihe presence ui asbestos dost. The problem oi txiiftinicbl beguTries involved because, instead at normal tissue which js dis eased, it 13 necessary tq dflftl wills lis> 51 Chronically inriattieil by ih is un usual causation, Fifjiroij at the lungs set up by asbestos dust inJiafatlois is as serious to the point ot disability s silicosis but, so far as our prwerit Clin ical experience rcks. not nearly so ireitutni in necurrenee. CcrcicrvtoiLs L? a vsgue term which I have been unsettle to discover in the literature of pjaeUtuocmutwis though It has considccAblo current lay usage, I am n the opinion that it arigHnated in the minds o t ima^dnAtive lawyers to enable them to bi-bsii attlon against e great inituaitiul urgaucuitiou (Case 1). The physician employcil by the attor ney gave, as his diagnoses, a FiirtCthiU tu the irffcin that the -man's condition * H. btarr. id uc-rt-#l Sionrhoarl** -Pu'-'riti J>1rv-iw*!c", t*"Uiu*-T7, t? ii- ww due to inhalation oi cement dMit durtoe n period ot seven ye*n. Anlhrattala. as j*tia -iram its cwttpositiort. Is ttie dcstcnaiims `wlilch cfAiies paeurfifiKxincii contrActKl trtrea brtAtWng coal dust nr tnlcrikSOfetsrtlcttri of caxbirfl, These par ticles- Are present, ol cotmst, in the atKsosphere of-say populoui tenter wberr coal osmrtoUori ht beivy, i f eri whOi wntk 3 or tw it niinEs and COj 7*rils urn the (oefeal vlctlma al its At tack, In gnra!, however. It 3s pceierablc- to use the geiurfc- term pr*ciiiriistr!iisls to label any -(arm or duaiejd luos.'P cthaps l. ii V ii to empbasitii the Elct that silicons- can be contrart! cmiy b y breatWriB fuicroscaplc partvdos oi sAnd or sine durf. CLinieJidy and medivoleCaliy, aillwgis hw ? dlstlnot csose or- effect rtbiioQsliijyi with the either toUK of prHannocuAiodts, Sfllcosia ITVekca its" ApueaTiTOE Ainong workers in rodwtrics -whose a trocsp-Uerc contains mJcroswpic ipirUcles oi sflicac The word -mkrascomc must be rfcpesiod frc<iunny in this taxi Twcaust It moot sp tlr defines these -xtrcmf.tj' minute Insoluble hlfn. It is Dagancu practl to consfdef Xf harmful only those partiel -which, hive diameters mealier -Ehon 10 mm. Sincu A-ndcrntnillirrteter is oquivaltnl to I/iklWd o4 A-Ui n h , It Will be *ocn they are so sm all that they must be counted nr studied under the micro scope., A great deal of littetestin and offcciiv-c work has been dnno tu industry to -protect thooc em ploy wha devate their entires tixae to sharpsniitg tech en eritsdlngr stonen I t w as iliougtrt, at one time, that wator poured coatl-aaousV over the stones would ciminatc tlie free sicA partiel which, reseat ferai such opevatfatis.' Tests have proved on the ccntraxT, that Uit application of wsrtnr adnally height ens- the liaj&rdB learrsc the p a rliil it suspense in the liquid Arc thrown to distances m r* W -than those ittal-Tied h j the ardljwry rnsnltaijt.iaiiii. Pxoba,hly the sand-hlastei' is the wurkcr who uaderso the Jireultsl Ttsk iu iaTlcwiag bis occirpvrian. We leave known fo r a long tinae that idch so engntied irvuit h ive -prolectioa against flying dust and scale. More triently w e have rcalixed that -UnotnfcrbictJit patUcl*3 set free by saiklbfastinSAeii-ritics are really more dann.gerotla arid cell for more studied d penss. Lima the visible, The dusts occasioned b y grinding and sand-blasting; operaU-ODi nwy h* ffivided into two general danse*, floluhlc and trLiolubie. It Is beedlied to elsUjcmitc the divirjoris eepdng to s u j that auluahle dusts are rein tivety Ijliwxruaiii. lusoluabje dosts, unfartiiua!el7 . arr'Always pres&nt and plwoi dangerous because they tisually occur in hi/nSy Cont-enUroled prnportiww--a fa c t pw incudy mentioned, gillie -as -evident when w tf procea grljvJlxig '-hccl.s arc employed. It ntay be interesting to todiistrialfcfc: to know v/.ttat actually teppens to Inspired dre-rt. ` lojtrrafccr, now, that we re concerned with there micr-amfliiiisettli: particles discovered oiity nndcr the microscope. This durt Is In haled Lhrortgb t!w norfriJs and month into the trachea. Thence it passed ton lise bronchi and from there lt-u the *t eiillx and thr> mtSdisieiaal glands. Xltese iUumIi ure desiern-rf hv nstur-e -IF YOB BUY BOOKS -and Who.Baesn't? Til- AltHHiCitTl M b ljc H ealtit A ssociation has b een o perating a Book S e n d e e f o r y ears. Its cur ta mens lire land in tboir p raises of its convenience, I you buy b o o ts -- any books -- perhAps it can be useful to you as well. The Book Service rend e r s e x p e rt Advisory b-cip. I t w ill rqcomro.cnd thm mfsit g en erally approved books, old and MW, on anj' public b calth specialty, and in d u s tria l m-odicinfc 1s such a, specially. I t will under tak e ib e fixnalslnng-- and g uarantee satisiaciSin -- of a n y th in g from a "Erve-l-'ocd S h elf of H ealth Books" to a n e n tire library, , T he Book Service ren ders its most valuable aid w hen it turan detective. I t tenths down the pnbIteher, if you know cnly th e title of Hie book you want, or it searches out the title and th e author on su c h Blight information a*; "sam e publishing bouse in lie ' York brought out a book on occupational dis eases a few years ago.M There is no charge for advice and detective work. Books are sold at publish ers* list priced; and the B ook Service peys the post age if you send cash w ith yo u r order. Use the Book Service for any book yon w ant to add to y ear personal or? pro fessional Library, It w ill .ve th n e .sn d tem per. You, too, will become a Book Service fan. TUB BOOK SEltYICS AMEUCAN PU B L IC HEALTH ASSOCIATION 50 K W 50th Street, New York, N. Y. Published Monthly by Industrial Medicine, Inc. Publication Office, 413 Pleasant St., Beloit, Wis. Editorial and Executive Offices, 844 Rush St., Chicago. Rnj. U. S. Pat. Off. For the Cum ulative Study of: The Industrial Interrelation of Medicine, Law, Insurance and Economics Subscription Price, $5.00 per year. Single copies, 50 cents. Copyright, 19.5,*', by Industrie] Medicine, Inc. Entered 2S second-class matter at the postofficc at Beloit, Wis., under the act of March 3, 1879. Absenteeism, Accident-- Costs, Hazards, Prevention, Records, Acids, Administrative Problems, Advisory Services, Age, Air Conditioning, Allergy, Amputations, Anesthetics, Antiseptics, Apparatus, Athletics, Awards, Bacterial Infections, Baths, Benefits, Biological Tests, Biology, Chemicals, Chemistry, Children in Industry, Claims, Classification of Results, Clinics-- Dental, Medical, Clothing Hazards, Community Services, Compensation, Compensation, Insurance-- Costs, Forms, Records, Consultation, Convalescent Homes, Cooperative Units, Court Decisions, Degenerates, Dental Service, Dependency, Diagnosis, Diagnostic Tests, Diet, Disabilities, Disease Prevention, Disfigurement, Disinfection, Dispensaries-- Costs, Forms, Records, Dressings, Drugs, Dust Control, Economics, Electrotherapy, Emergencies, CONTENTS Volume 4 April, 1935 Number 4 Traumatic Arthritis, by Edgar M. Bick, M.D........... 165 --With Special Reference to Its Medical Legal Aspect-- Physical Defects in Industry, by A. Baier, M.D....... 168 Economic Problems of the Industrial Surgeon, by Emmet Keating, M.D................................................ 169 Silicosis, by C. O. Sappington, M.D., Dr. P.H........... 173 --An Interpretive Review of Accumulated Experience-- Traumatic Injury to the Chest, by Don Deal, M.D.... 178 The Basophilic Aggregation Test for Lead Absorp tion and Lead Poisoning, by Carey P. McCord, M.D., F. R. Holden, Ph.D., and Jan Johnston...... 180 --Ten Years After Its First Use-- Acute Dilatation of the Stomach With Perforation Following Body Cast Application, by Arthur Conley, M.D., F.A.C.S. and Donald S. Miller, M.D.............................................................................. 185 Ulnar Fracture and Dislocation of the Head of the Radius, by William R. Cubbins, M.D...................... 186 Compound Fracture of the Elbow, by James D. Callahan, M.D....................................... 186 Fractures of the Neck of the Femur, by George L. Apfelbach, M.D......................................................... 187 --"The Biggest Subject in the Last Two Years Before Traumatic Surgeons"-- Discussion: Dr. Frederick J. Gaenslen.................................... 188 Dr. F. M. Cloyd....................................................... 188 Industrial Sickness in 1934......................................... 189 Occupational Diseases--According to Ram azzini.... 190 Pneumoconiosis and Coke D u s t............................... 192 The Medical Department Manual, by Hart E. Fisher, M.D., F.A.C.S. Sec. XVI. Sanitation in Industry ....................... 193 Pathological Conditions of the Spine Found Radio graphically--Which Are Often Confused with Injuries, by J. S. Young, M.D................................. 195 Who's Who in Industrial Medicine and Surgery..... 197 --The Insurance Chief Surgeon, Who, in a Manner of Speaking, is in a Class by Himself-- Pre-em ploym ent Physical Exam inations, by Lever- t Art Examinations, Hazards, Inturance, P! scernent, Welfare, Employer-- Costs, Liabilities, Responsibilities, Employment, Epioemics, Epic emiology, Estoppels, Ethics, Examination-- Costs, Forms, Records, Executive Examinations Expert Testimony, Extra-Medical Activities, Eye Tests, Fatigue, Female Employee Problems, First Aid-- Equi pment. Instruction, Frequency Rates Furoes, Functional Tests, Gases, Grading Applicants, Gymnasium, Habits, H ealthEducation, Maintenance, 5-urvcys, Hearing, Heliotherapy, Hospital-- Costs, 3quipment, Forms, Records, Hospitalization, Hours, Hydrotbera py, Id osyncrasics. Impairments, Industrial-- Accidents, Clinics, Commissions, Dentist ry, Diseases, Gynecology, Hospitals, Hygiene, Injuries, Medical Service. Medicine, Castleman Asbestos File on CRANE J w/c = with cover letter or memo If DATE = 0, undated CD-ROM Document #:=eBei)d S DATE = __a rtic le ___letter fro m ___m e d ic a l___trade journal __ published presentation from conference __ published governm ent report __ Fed Register notice __ governm ent inspection results __ unpublished or internal report __ unpublished presentation from conference __ newspaper article __ letter __ m em orandum __ industry warning labels __ industry sales literature __ industry recomm ended practices __ agenda ___ minutes ___ attendee list \J_ hU'i'*- legal__deposition __ testimony o f________________: other 2 ^/ /f April 9, 1997 Re: Industrial Medicine I've spent three days reviewing back issues from 1936, 1938, 1939, 1942, 1949, and part of 1943, probably 3000-3500 pp. 1. To readers in the 1930s there were periodic mentions of asbestosis, in articles on dust diseases and workers' compensation, etc. This is from two years of the journal in the late 1930s, at a time when corporate America was relatively anxious about dust diseases: AJ Lanza "Asbestosis" 5: 90, 1936. RW Childerhouse, "Clinical Aspects of Silicosis" 5:224, 1936. H Behneman, "Silicosis Pneumoconiosis" 5:400, 1936. LU Gardner, "Essentials in the Diagnosis of Silicosis and Tuberculosis" 5:453, 1936. JW Reed, "Silicosis" 7:310, 1938. CO Sappington, "Medicolegal Trends: Occupational Diseases" 7: 331, 1938. H Higburg, "Occupational Disease Compensation" 7: 364, 1938. CD Bridges, "Practical Problems Under Blanket Coverage for Occupational Diseases" 7: 390, 1938. (advance conference announcement) "Industrial Hygiene: A.P.H.A. ... "Asbestosis" talk by Sayers and Dreessen, Lanza leading discussion) 7: 589,1938. "Postgraduate Course in Industrial Hygiene" includes two talks on asbestosis, one led by Paul G. Bovard, Pittsburgh Plate Glass. 7: 549,1938. Other talks by EC Barnes and TL Hazlett of Westinghouse. 7 :549, 1938. ER Hayhurst, "New Books" ref to ILO's encyclopedia supplement new/revised chapters on asbestos and pneumoconiosis. 7: 592,1938. CO Sappington, "Industrial Hygiene Meetings" reports on RR Sayers' presentation at APHA on his study with Dreessen. Summary of presentation on 727 has cautionary modifier not included in the published report (which defendants sometimes use):" A concentration of 5 MPPCF is considered as a tentative threshold." Another speaker was C Selby, consultant to General Motors. 7: 723, 1938. There was also a long piece on history of industrial medicine by T Legge, first Medical Inspector of Factories in Britain in the 1890s, with this unreferenced sentence: "A Fiel published a report on asbestosis in an asbestos worker in 1872." 5: 375, 1936. Having never heard of Fiel, I have sent word to a former thesis adviser now at the National Library of Medicine, to start looking for it. 2. Company notes: Chrysler set up Industrial Hygiene Laboratories on Jan. 1, 1936 at the Dodge Main Plant In Detroit (5: 51, 1936) Chrysler Medical Director in Detroit was John J. Prendergast. (7: 347,1938) After Met Life's Fehnel talked on asbestos sampling technique, election of Amer. Ind. Hyg. Assn, officers took place for the first time, and Chrysler I.H. Gordon Harrold was elected to a post. (8: 301,1939) Selleck and Whittaker 50th anniversary book of IMA in 1962 says Dr. Carey McCord was medical adviser to Chrysler in 1937 (p. 280) and 1949 (p. 411). WJ McConnell of Met Life listed an impressive array of non-governmental programs in "Investigation and prevention" including 5 employers: Chrysler, DuPont, General Motors, Union Carbide, and Westinghouse. (8: 70, 1939) Saranac's Dr. Gardner spoke on "The Pneunoconioses" at a symposium on industrial medicine also taught by Chryslehs Carey McCord and John Prendergast, DuPont's Foulger. General Motors' Selby, Brooks, and Bird. (11: 395, 1942) PENGAD 800-631-6989 Westinghouse Medical Director T. Lyle Hazlett and i.H. Edgar C. Barnes were often mentioned (See Postgraduate Course, WJ McConnell above, plus:) "Medical-Engineering Control of Industrial Health Hazards" article by Hazlett describes removal of the source and protective devices as engineering safeguards against occupational hazards. (5: 232, 1936) Industrial Hygiene Course offered by Westinghouse's TL Hazlett, quite detailed outline. (7: 194, 1938) Westinghouse X-Ray Co. Long Island City, NY offered "litigation proof" device for taking employee X-rays (is this part of big Westinghouse?). (7: 449, 1938) National Assn, of Manufacturers "Committee on Healthful Working Conditions" included 10 company does, among them: Hazlett (W'hse), Gehrmann {DuPont), McConnell {Met), Selby (GM), and Shoudy {Beth Steet). (7: 541, 1938) AAIPS (old name of co. docs' group, Amer. Assn, of Indust. Phys. & Surg.) annual mtg. in 1939 had Met Life's Fehnel on asbestos air sampling in a program with Barnes speaking as well. Another speaker was Frank Patty, who soon after went to General Motors and authored a lengthy I.H. text in 1948, revised 1963. Other speakers were Shoudy {Bethlehem Steet), Selby {GM), Irish (Dow), {GE), {Kodak). (8:200,1939) Hazlett continued to be involved increasingly in industrial medical education in 1942 as part of the War effort. (11: 115, 419 and 484, 1942) Westinghouse industrial hygienist EC Barnes wrote about "Analyzing Working Environment" in the company's publication, Safety News in Sept. 1942. (11: 603, 1942) Hazlett clearly had access to the Board Chairman of Westinghouse, who awarded him the Westinghouse Order of Merit in July 1942 (11: 391, 1942) (See also last two G.M. entries below) Bethlehem Steel Dr. Loyal Shoudy and Dr. Floyd Shaffer were on the program of the AAIPS/NSC joint program at the Natiponal Safety Congress in 1936 along with speakers Hunt and Lanza who mentioned asbestosis (BC 4th Ed. p. 735-736). So was Dr. Mclver Woody {Std. Oil NJ) (5: 441, 1936) Shoudy and Shaffer were also on the Board of Directors of AAIPS and on the publication committee for The Bulletin, which I understand was subsumed by Industrial Medicine around 1939. I have never seen this journal and am checking forit at Nat'l Library of Medicine. (5: 275,1936) Charnock of Beth Steel described the firm's industrial medicine and hygiene activities. (18: 332, 1949) (See also last two entries above under Westinghouse for ref. to BSC) General Motors employed Dr. Clarence Selby from 1934 until 1949 as medical consultant. (7; 278, 1938; 18: 6, 1949) Selby was a pillar of the industrial medicine establishment, see above CO Sappington and last two Westinghouse entries. Also: Selby was among the speakers at first General Motors Corporation Medical Conference in 1938. (Aug. 1938) Selby was on the AMA Council of Industrial Health organized in 1937 (along witrh Lanza of Met Life and Gardner). (7: 276, 1938) General Motors gave Saginaw General Hospital in Saginaw Ml an industrial medicine library in early 1949, including journal subscriptions and more than a dozen books that spoke about asbestos hazards, including: Hueperis 1942 book on occupational cancer; Wampler's text in 1943 (chapters also contributed by Foulger of DuPont and Hazlett of Westinghouse); and Collier's 1941 text that cites "maintenance of steam pipes" as hazardous. (18:107,1949) 1949 (11th) General Motors Medical Conference included author/industrial hygienists Frank Patty and Vincent Castrop (BC 4th Ed. p. 546), medical consultant and Industrial Medicine editor Dr. Clarence Sappington, CD Selby, UK Medical Inspector of Factories T. A. Lloyd Davies, Westinghouse's TL Hazlett, and several dozen G.M. doctors, (d: 353, 1949) DuPont Medical Director George Gehrmann's presentation "Industrial Medicine and Toxicology" describes many ways toxic substances cause harm. He refers to silicosis as "chronic, progressive, and incurable." (5: 204, 1936) DuPont Haskell labs director John Foulger was on a program at Hansard where Drinker and Clark discussed asbestosis. (5: 550, 1936) Gehrmann and Foulger joined other corporate experts, including Hamlin (American Brake Shoe and Foundry),Shoudy (Beth Steel), Woody (Std Oil NJ), and Hall (General Motors), as instructors in industrial medicine. (11: 484, 1942) Gehrmann and Foulger were clearly among the inner circle in industrial medicine and toxicology (see numerous entries above), Hercules Powder Co. Medical Director Lemuel McGee spoke on "Other Occupational Disease Factors" at the National Safety Congress Oct. 29, 1942 (11: 490, 1942) and at the American Industrial Hygiene Association in 1943 (12: 86,1943). Railroads. Editors of Industrial Medicine in 1936 included BL Coley of New York Central System, JG Frost of Chicago and Eastern Illinois Ry. Co., as well as some insurance industry docs, etc. The journal claimed to be the "official publication" of Amer. Assn Railway Surgeons, Assn of Surgeons of New York Central System, Assn of Surgeons of Southern Railway System. (5: 461, 1936) Other RR groups whose meetings were announced in the journal were Pacific Assn of Railway Surgeons, Texas Railway Surgeons Assn. (Galveston, 5/9/38) Another journal I would like to examine is Medical Bulletin published starting in 1932 by Std. Oil NJ (8: 122,1939). See ref to Meyer and Church article in this source in 1961, BC 4th Ed. p. 411. Also seeking that at N a tl Library of Medicine. ! have just gone through 4 old volumes of Industrial Medicine in the Hopkins medical library and have found these things on DuPont: 1. DuP Med Dir George Gehrmann's presentation "Industrial Medicine and Toxicology" shows sophisticated awareness of the ways toxic substances kill people. He refers to silicosis as "chronic, progressive, and incurable". (5:204, 1936) 2. At a symposium at Harvard later in 1936, DuP's Dr. Foulger spoke on a program with others including Drinker and Clark who discussed asbestosis. (5: 550, 1936) 3. In 1938, the National Association of Manufacturers set up a select committee of company medical men, and one of those included was Dr. Gehrmann. Others were Hazlett (Westinghouse), Shoudy (Beth Steel), Selby (Gen. Motors, and McConnell (Met Life). 4. In 1939, McConnell listed the non-governmental programs in occupational health. The 5 "employers" noted were "duPont, Union Carbide and Carbon, Chrysler, General Motors, and Westinghouse." (8: 70, 1939) It is fair to conclude from this that DuPont was a leading industrial firm in occupational health, that DuPont doctors, including Foulger at the chemical company's Haskell Laboratory for toxicology and industrial medicine, were aware that asbestos was a dangerous dust in the 1930s. DuPont officials were regular speakers at professional gatherings, and the company's leaders and program in this field were accorded the highest recognition by their peers in industry in the late 1930s. Barry Castleman, Sc.D. bcast!e@mail.bcpl.lib.md.us Note New Address: 2412 Pickwick Rd., Baltimore MD 21207 USA tel. 410-448-2648 fax 410-448-2368 Barry CastlemarVs John Crane File CD-ROM Document #JC 59 DATE / 7 e/ w/c = with cover memo 0=undated Type of Document peer-reviewed journal article X trade publication X article advertisement newspaper article proceedings from annual meeting conference abstract talk proceedings unpublished or internal report meeting agenda minutes report letter memo asbestos monitoring data sales catalog book excerpt le g a l____________________________ BC notes ___ other ... --? 3 i ^ v\ C\ Dust as an Industrial Health F. W . H U T C H IN SO N A ssistant Professor of M echanical Engineering, U niversity of California, Berkeley, Callf% Hazard THE health problem arising from dust in Industry is one of increasing seriousness. Socially, economically and legally it has become evident that immediate steps must be taken to combat the hazard represented by wholesale industrial exposure to the pneumoconiosis-producing dusts. Pneumoconiosis, in many of its forms, is incurable. Thus consideration of the problem which it represents is based largely' on methods of dust reduction and removal and is therefore as much a responsibility of the engineer as it is of the physician. Fortunately, medical knowledge and engineering equipment have progressed to such a point that recognition of hazardous conditions and availability of methods for correcting them will now permit a complete, practical and economical solution of the problem. Unfortunately, prejudice and fear have surrounded the entire subject with such an aura of suspicion and distrust that neither workmen nor em ployers have until recently been willing to acknowl edge the hazard or recognize the need for preventive measures. In addition, the slow action of the disease coupled with failure on the part of many physicians to acquaint themselves with the proper diagnostic methods has made it difficult for the worker to es tablish his claim for compensation in the event of lung injury and equally difficult for the employer to defend himself against fraudulent claims; it has been said that silicosis claims constitute one of the most widespread of legal rackets. Workmen have bitterly opposed adoption of the exacting employment qualifications and periodical physical examinations of those exposed to dust which are essential to medical control. Yet, it is essential that persons having a predisposition to tuberculosis or a low nasal filtering efficiency be excluded from the dusty trades. Similarly, protection of the worker demands that he be removed from exposure at the first indication of lung damage. ' Employers, on the other hand, have adopted the point of viewthat most claims of silicosis are unfair and an unscrupulous attempt to take advantage of them. The explanation behind an employer's unwillingness to acknowledge the hazard is not unreasonable. The . dust diseases are almost invariably of long duration and frequently are not discovered until many years after exposure has ceased. Thus many employers are now in the difficult and alarming position of fac ing claims for disease which is a result of exposure to conditions that existed in their plants 10 or 15 years ago; at that time they were unaware of the health hazard associated with dusty atmospheres and consequently, though they might have had every desire to furnish their employees with full protection from occupational injury, they did not take the "special care" which is now known to be necessary. Wilson states: "Most well-intentioned employers may be said to have used `reasonable care' in past years and--considering their lack of knowledge-- this is now their best defense in damage suits. How ever, from now on, with' the spread o f . . . available knowledge. . . only `special care' will safeguard the interests of employer and workman alike." Recent interest in dust diseases has built up an extensive literature; theories have been confirmed with experimental evidence and innumerable case histories of individuals and of entire groups are available. In contrast to the widespread ignorance of ten years ago, it would probably be difficult at the present time to find a worker in the dusty industries who has not at least heard of silicosis, or an employ^ er who is unaware of the crippling damage suits which will face him if his employees, through failure on his part to take the necessary preventive mea sures, contract the disease. The cost of dust control is often far less than the cost of one damage suit. Jury awards in silicosis cases of $10,000, $17,000, $22,500, $25,000 and like sums are matters of record. In the St. Louis area alone there were, some time ago, over 2000 suits pending. A Missouri mining company, as another example, faced claims aggregating $5,000,000 and spent $500,000 in out-of-court settlements of a few of them. The purpose of this article is to review the liter ature on the physiological effects of some of the haz ardous industrial dusts and to summarize presentday criteria acceptable as a basis for the design of dust control systems. Silicosis Silicosis is a disease of the lungs caused by the inhalation of- dust containing free silica. Some authorities believe, but this fact has not been estab lished, that the inhalation of silicates is also a caus ative factor. Incurable and Progressive, The important facts about this disease are that, for practical purposes, it is progressive and incurable. The qualification "for p ractical purposes" is necessary because recent in vestigations suggest that 'uncomplicated silicosis is not progressive; however, the continued existence of a case of silicosis without the onset of complications is, so rare that, from the standpoint of social conse quences, the disease can. in itself be regarded as pro gressive. In the medical literature the "progressive" H E A T IN G AND V E N T IL A T IN G , J U N E , 1944 - 57 viewpoint is the one which has been most widely adopted but the possible futur significance of the recent findings is promising. .With reference to the "incurability" of silicosis, recent'work has also indicated the possibility of a solution but it is as yet too soon to hold out hope for satisfactory medical.treatment. One promising method consists in the administration of thyroxene; the investigators report that:' "Thyroid therapy may possibly not only prevent the development of silicosis, but may also arrest its further progress and possibly reduce to some extent the degree of fibrosis already existing." The above remarks on the "progressiveness and incurability" of silicosis have been included because they show how very far th medical profession has yet to go to achieve a solution of the silicosis prob lem. In terms of concrete present-day gain,'the sum total of the best that medicine can now offer is not of much value. When dealing with contagious dis eases such as smallpox and Spanish influenza, it has been possible to achieve a satisfactory treatment as a first:step toward the elimination of the disease itself; in the case of silicosis, a non-contagious dis ease, the only advance of real significance which is possible is an advance which must be brought about by the application of basic engineering principles-- the reduction of dust concentrations at the breathing zone to a point such that a health hazard no longer exists; only in this way can silicosis be eradicated. If permitted to run its course without complica tion, silicosis will lead to death by suffocation--the lungs becoming incapable of maintaining a gas trans fer sufficient to sustain life. Usually, however, ter mination occurs as a result of complications such as tuberculosis or heart disease; a definite correlation has been established between silicosis and tubercu losis, but an explanation is, as yet, lacking. With reference to tuberculosis a study of axe grinders and polishers showed a death rate of 1,900 per 100,000 from tuberculosis as contrasted with ISO per 100,000 for the general population of the same state. In this study the death rate of all workers in the dusty trades investigated was used. More strik ing figures and more significant ones were obtained from a Massachusetts investigation in which the tuberculosis death rate of 961 silicotic quarry work ers was compared with that for the general popula tion and found to be forty times as great. Background, and Extent. The name silicosis is of relatively recent origin, but the existence of `the health hazard associated with dusty work has been recognized by medical men for many centuries. From the literature of the period we find that the Ptolemies knew of it. Pliny the. Elder referred to the "stone cutters' disease",, and devised a crude respirator for the protection of miners; Aristotle warned Greek workmen against the inhalation of dust. Hippocrates, three centuries before Christ, noticed that his surgical knives were dulled by dust in the lungs of stone workers. In the 16th century Georges Agricola, a mining engineer, wrote "De Re 58 .< . * i Metallica" and, with reference to dust, warned his readers to beware because it "penetrates into the windpipe--eats away the lungs--implants consump tion in the body." He called, attention to the fact that the death rate among Carpathian miners was so great that a wife could often outlive six husbands. The passage of time has done little to alleviate the hazard. The development of pneumatic tools has led to a great increase in the dust concentrations at tending the grinding, polishing and cutting of stone. The death rate among Barre granite cutters, for ex ample, increased from 1.5 per 1,000 in the year 1890 to 19.6 per 1,000 in 1924, an increase attributable to the introduction of pneumatic equipment. When one realizes that a threshold concentration of 5 million particles per cubic foot is required to constitute a silicosis hazard (for dust made up. of 100% free silica), it is then evident that there are many indus trial operations today which represent health haz ards that did not exist prior to the introduction of mechanical equipment. Many estimates have been made of the number of persons exposed to hazardous concentrations of silica dust, but such estimates are usually based only on industrial exposure. When account is taken of the fact that 60% of the earth's crust consists of silica the likelihood seems great that such estimates are conservative. Lanza and Vane estimated that the number of industrial workers exposed to the silica dust hazard is in excess of half a million in those industries in which the processing or handling of siliceous material is of basic importance; this esti mate does not take account of the many workers exposed as a result of the industrial use of silica as a filtering agent. In one-other respect the silicosis hazard has not yet been evaluated. As already mentioned there is a definite relationship between silicosis and tubercu losis. This fact leads to the probability that in any community in which there;;:s a large number of silicotics there will be a decids1 familial tuberculosis hazard. Fortunately, however)' .his danger is some what `lessened as a result of the long incubation period which is found with silicosis--by the time a workman's lungs have reached the stage at which tuberculosis is most likely to set in it is more than probable that his children will have grown past the age at whicn the.danger of their contracting the dis ease is greatest. That silicosis is definitely related to a particular kind of occupational risk is demonstrated by the data from examinations (X-ray) of 2500 workmen from all departments of a typical "heavy industry" ; 5.8% had silicosis,- but 90.0% of those affected were foundry workers. The great importance of the silica hazard is clearly indicated from the following com parative mortality figures (from a 1933 publication of Hollis and Yule): 1000 for standard population (all causes for ages 20-65) 1984 for silica group 967 for non-silica group < JU N E , 1944, H E A T IN G AND V E N T IL A T IN G The silica group (above) showed only three causes of death (diabetes, appendicitis, digestive diseases) which did not differ significantly from the 'general group. The significance' of these, figures is at once apparent when it is considered that an estimated 110,000 workers in the United States have silicosis in some degree. Development of the Disease. The time required for incapacitation due to silicosis has been the sub ject of a great deal of attention, but as yet no gen erally accepted conclusions have been reached. Ap parently the period of exposure preceding contrac tion of the disease is a function of the dust concen tration, nature of the dust, nature of the work and individual physical idiosyncrasies. From a study of 9,800 stone-cutters in the Ruhr it is concluded that 13 years exposure are required to show slight sili cosis and 20 years to cause incapacitation. This same study reveals that 63% of the deaths among silicotics occur from tuberculosis complications. In porcelain workers silicosis develops slowly but pro gressively; the second stage is usually not reached until after 10 years. Among sandstone workers the minimal exposure has been, found to be 11 years while for iron miners an exposure of 4 to S years may be responsible for the appearance of lung changes 4 to 8 years after the exposure has ceased. In contrast to the above relatively long incubation periods are those found among workers engaged in sand-blasting and in the manufacture of abrasive soaps; in these occupations only 3 or 4 years may precede the onset of the disease. Likewise, an exam ination of 175 men engaged in rock drilling showed that 50% were affected in less than one year. There is a good reason for believing that under particularly heavy dust concentrations silicosis takes an. acute form and may appear after an exposure of only a few months. Not soon forgotten will be the ' case of the Hawk's Nest Hydro Plant on the New River. Some 4000 workers, mostly negroes,' were employed for wages of $3.00 for a 13-hour day; in a relatively short time after completion of the tunnel work 475 of them were dead and an estimated 1500 others incurably ill. This case was investigated by a committee in the House of Representatives before whom witnesses testified that, "In the tunnel 10 drills were in operation at once and you could not see ten feet ahead of you even with the headlight of the donkey engine". Workmen were so thoroughly covered with a silica dust that "you could not tell a white man from ^ colored.man, 15 feet away". - I t was this case that a senator from West Virginia de scribed as "the most horrible industrial disaster in the history of the world". It was of this case that Representative Marcantonio of New York charged' that 169 workers had been buried unidentified be cause the undertaker had "lost" his records. On the basis of all evidence which has yet been brought for ward it would seem to the impartial investigator that the Hawk's Nest Tunnel should remain a tragic reminder to the engineer of the need for' consider- H E A T IN G AND V E N T IL A T IN G , J U N E , 1944 ation of human values in the solution of engineering problems. " ^ The above case is only one of a number of similar but less sensational cases which have shown that there is a real possibility of contracting an acute form of silicosis if work is in an atmosphere having an extremely high concentration of siliceous dust. Experimentally the possibility of acute silicosis has been demonstrated by laboratory tests on animals; for exposures of eight hours a day to concentrations of 200 million particles per cubic foot or more it has been shown that the last stage of silicosis may be expected in a relatively short time. Size of Hazardous Dust. The importance of par ticle size in, determining the hazard associated with dusts has received a great deal of attention. Par ticles 25 to 30 microns in size will usually settle out rapidly and are therefore not likely to be breathed in quantities sufficient to constitute a hazard. How ever, particles of this magnitude (such as pollen of the Giant Ragweed or wood dust in carpenter shops) may be responsible for hay fever or for various types of asthma. In general, particles greater than 10 mi crons are caught in the trachea, large bronchi and mucous membrane. Particles around 5 microns go to the respiratory tract, but few of them reach the alveoli where the I micron particles are most numer ous. Policard made a detailed examination of the lungs of two silicotic miners and found that 50% of the particles were less than .4 micron and 75% less than 1 micron; his findings should be used with care, however, because it is very probable that the dust distribution in the lungs is a function of the distribu tion of particle size in the inhaled dust--thus Poli- card's findings may be applicable only for the con ditions under which the men whose lungs he examined had worked. The smaller particles are obviously the most dangerous since, on a weight basis, they offer a much larger surface than do the larger ones. For this reason dust counts are of more value in evaluating the hazard associated with a dusty environment than are gravimetric dust de terminations. The dust particles that are most effective in the causation of silicosis are of a magnitude so small that they are not perceptible to the human eye.' A micron is 1/1000 of a millimeter or about 1/25,000 of an inch. As has been shown, the particles most important in silicosis are in the neighborhood of .5 micron or 1/50,000 of an inch--this represents a di mension of the same order of magnitude as the wave length of that form of radiant energy which we recognize as light. If one cubic inch of quartz were broken into cubes .5 micron on a side enough par ticles would be formed to create a silicosis hazard in a 250,000 cubic foot space. The determination of mean dust sizes was the purpose of a series of comprehensive studies con ducted by the U. S. Public Health Service: examina tion of 18,000 outdoor dust particles showed the median size to be .5 micron--nearly all were less 59 than 1.0 micron; in contrast, only 21% of 6,000 in dustrial dust particles were less than 1.0 micron, the majority being between 1 and 3 microns and the mean 1.5 microns. Hatch and Moke investigated foundry dusts and found that composition is a function of particle size: the proportion of combustible matter and acid sol uble iron, carbonates, etc., increase with decreasing size; the proportion of clay and other silicates varies without a definite trend with size; the quartz be comes less as the size decreases and for particles un der 2 microns (which comprises 90% of the total number) it is from 1/5 to 1/25 of that found in the particles greater than 10 microns. These findings emphasize the necessity of taking dust samples di rectly from the contaminated air and not utilizing "rafter" or any other kind of settlement sample which does not contain a representative size distri bution. Hazardous Concentration. Permissible concentra tions of dust vary with size, composition, and the dust retention characteristics of the individual. The latter factor is one which offers some hope from the standpoint of preventive medicine. Practically all that is known of the dust retaining characteristics of the human nose is attributable to the work of one man--G. Lehmann. This experimenter has shown that the dust fixation in the nose varies from 2% to 75% and is almost completely independent of such factors as the condition of the nasal secretion, the rate of air currents, the degree of concentration or chemical composition of the dust, the width or narrowness of the nasal passages; seemingly, fixa tion is a function of the vortex formation and re bound after passage through a restriction. A correlation between fixation and silicosis would .seem to follow from the following tests: Of 46 stone cutters with fixations above 40% only two were found to have silicosis; of 31 stone cutters with fixa tions less than 29% only 2 were healthy. After ex amining the above data Lehmann concludes that, "applicants for work with poor dust fixation capacity should not be allowed to work where a menace of silicosis exists". As a result of 418 experiments with magnesium oxide and calcium carbonate, Carlton E. Brown gives the following relationships between dust re tention and other factors: * ' Per Cent Retention is inversely proportional to 1. Respiration rate for rates below 20 p e r' minute. An increase above 20 per minute is apparently followed by no changes in per cent retention. 2. Minute-volume of air breathed. This prob ably results from increase in respiration' rate with minute-volume. Per Cent Retention is unaffected by 1. Volume per respiration. 2. Vital capacity. 3. Relative humidity. The same 'investigator found'that the percentage of 60 magnesium oxide retained during normal breathing while at rest varied little from about 60% at a con centration of 10 mg. Above 10 mg. the retention changed but little, but as the concentration dropped below 10 mg. the - retention rapidly approached 100%. The relation between dust concentration and the incidence of silicosis has been studied by many in vestigators, but no general empirical relationship has as yet been established.- One commonly used rule (proposed by Drinker) recommends the accep tance of 5 million particles per cubic foot as the minimal permissible dust concentration for pure .silica and 50 million particles per cubic foot for dusts that are very low in silica. Some evidence suggests that this rule is unduly conservative for dusts which contain little silica and an alternative which is widely used is to limit the total dust count to a value such that the product of the dust concentration by the percentage of silica be less chan 5,000,000; this rule gives 100,000,000 particles per cubic foot as the minimal concentration for non-siliceous dusts. Physiological Effect. The lung condition known as silicosis results only from the inhalation of silica bearing dusts. Why silica possesses the ability to bring about this condition has been the subject of much investigation and theories of silicosis are at present responsible for considerable controversy. Physiologically--excluding the effect of complica tions--silicosis affects the normal functioning of the body in the same -way that the formation of scale affects the efficiency of a heat transfer device. In the heat exchanger the hot and cold fluids are sepa rated by an exchange surface and the deposit of scale on this surface reduces its effectiveness as an exchange medium. If the scale becomes sufficiently heavy it will be impossible to secure the transfer of enough heat to accomplish the purpose for which the exchanger was installed; similarly, the lung is a sur face through which oxygen is transferred from the air to the blood. The formation of scar tissue re duces the effective transfer area and eventually the lung is unable to accomplish its purpose--death from suffocation is the result. Asbestosis Asbestos dust is second only to free silica in the magnitude.of health hazard which it represents. Asbestos is a fibrous material of- varying composi tion, but is usually made up of approximately 43 % magnesia, 40% silica and 14% water. Oxide of iron is frequently present and appears as dark particles among the translucent fibers--the fibers are of such length and fineness that cloth weighing less than 8 oz. per square yard has been made from them: The lung condition resulting from the inhalation of this dust is known as asbestosis and resembles silicosis in its main clinical aspects, but differs due to the enhanced rate.of development. Under average' industrial conditions the length of employment in fatal cases is only about one-half that which is usual J U N E , 1944; H E A T IN G AND V E N T IL A T IN G for silicosis. It is estimated that there are in the United States approximately 10,000 men exposed to this hazard as a result of work in the insulating-, asbestos cloth, and similar industries. As is true of the silicosis exposure estimates, this figure does not take into account the number of persons exposed as a result of employment in the process industries where asbestos finds use, under various trade names, as a filter aid. In one respect asbestosis is less dead ly than silicosis--that is, there is seemingly a lower susceptibility to the supervention of pulmonary tu- ' berculosis. The danger of contracting the disease is apparently not influenced by either age or sex. Like silicosis, it is incurable and progressive; a case is re ported of a patient who was exposed to asbestos dust for one year and whose sputum showed the presence of asbestosis bodies fourteen years later. Very few data are available on the relation of dust concentration tp the incidence of the disease. No minimal safe concentrations have yet been set up and information is scant as to the conditions in those plants where a hazard is known to exist. It has been determined, however, that" the asbestos dust en countered in fabricating plants is free of silica when air is floated at the breathing level and that the danger of the dust increases as the quality or length of the fibers increases. Miscellaneous Siliceous Dusts Many siliceous dusts other than quartz and asbes tos have been carefully investigated. Talc--a sili cate containing 62% silica--has been shown to be responsible for a form of pneumoconiosis when in haled in large quantities. One roup of investigators report that 50% of the talc workers whom they ex amined were affected and about 12% had tubercu losis. The same report shows that talc containing 10% tremolite is much more dangerous than talc containing 40% tremolite, but an explanation is lacking. The action of cement on the lungs is not definitely known. German investigators say that it produces only an inert deposit in the lungs, but American re ports show that the frequency of disability from respiratory diseases in cement plants is about double that found among employees in non-dusty manu facturing plants; absence from work was also twice as frequent. ,Yet animal experiments show that ce ment like limestone and gypsum produces an ad-o' sorptive reaction; the dust disappears from the peritoneal cavity without the production of scar tissue. Slate (1/3 % quartz) in', concentrations of 700 million particles per cubic foot produces a fibrosis and pneumoconiosis, but few cases have been known to progress seriously. On the other hand, there is reason for believing that clay and slate dusts are responsible for a high incidence of tuberculosis. Italian investigators have studied the dust hazard ' in cotton spinning mills and report that the silicosis hazard is apparently negligible. Mineralogic analy H E A T IN G .A N D V E N T IL A T IN G , J U N E , 1844 ' sis of such dusts brought to light the interesting fact that their composition is similar to that of the soil in which the cotton was grown. Non-Siliceous Dusts Apparently there is a great difference of opinion as to whether or not non-siliceous dusts are harmful either to normal or tubercular persons. The data are so scant that a review of the literature must con sist essentially of a catalogue of the few and scat tered investigations that have been made of particu lar dusts. General conclusions can not be drawn and an extension of available data to dusts of even the same mineral family is hazardous. German investigators have studied a number of different carbon dusts and rate them in the order of hazard which they represent: lignite, coal, graphite, charcoal, soot. A statistical study of the health hazard in a large American company which manufactures artificial abrasives led to the conclusion that persons who have had pulmonary tuberculosis should not be al lowed to work where they will be exposed to dust from abrasives. The dust in this particular plant was aluminum oxide combined with silicon carbide and th incidence to tuberculosis was 1 1/2 times as great in the dusty departments as in the non-dusty. In this connection it is interesting to note that other investigators had previously reported aluminum ox ide as not being a factor in the production of silicosis --thus a distinction must be drawn between the fibrosis-forming ability of a particular dust and its danger through increased susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis. This leads to the conclusion that the claim is unwarranted that a dust Is not harmful merely because its reaction on lung tissue is inert. The U. S. Public Health Service has grouped dusts (siliceous as well as non-siliceous) In three classifi cations: 1. Those causing an inert reaction, the amount of dust in the peritoneal cavity remaining approxi mately constant: soapstone, carborundum, jewel er's rouge, anthracite coal, bituminous coal and precipitator ash. 2. Those causing a proliferative reaction, nod ules continuing to increase in size: quartz, chat and flint. 3. Those causing an absorptive reaction, dust disappears from the peritoneal cavity, but scar tissue is not formed: calcite limestone, precipitat ed calcium carbonate, gypsum and cement. A similar list of dusts , has been prepared by Haynes who carried on a long series of animal ex periments. He arranges them in order of toxicity as follows: precipitated silica, flint, state, hydroxide, precipitated chalk, magnesium carbonate, carborun'dum, calspar, emery, colloidal coal (in massive amounts). All of the respiratory disorders discussed above, together with' many others which are caused by the inhalation of fibrosis-forming dusts, are grouped un der the one broad term Pneumoconiosis. 61 Barry Castleman's John Crane File CD-ROM Document #JC 60 DATE w/c = with cover memo 0=undated Type of Document peer-reviewed journal article X trade publication X article advertisement newspaper article proceedings from annual meeting conference abstract talk proceedings unpublished or internal report meeting agenda minutes report letter memo asbestos monitoring data sales catalog book excerpt le g a l____________________________ BC notes _____ other PvJ(U 'l.uL^J'lrYy / AJa-J j f ' foi Industrial Hygiene Importance of Dust B y N.- V. Hendricks Chief Engineer Industrial Hygiene Service, Georgia Department of Public Health Hearty all types of modern industry a r e concerned with dust and its control. annual cost to industry |6m u n c o n t r o l l e d dust tits to a staggering figure. In `cases the problem of dust is ssed by management as only Wance. In other plants, the of certain dusts is ecoPally sound, especially where I'p'rtieulate matter may conprecious metals or may carry processing stock. Aside |*'any nuisance or economic Resulting from the escape of $ there are certain dust ex- which may result in acute hazards. This is especial ly of dusts containing a high Hjtage of free silica, asbestos, fier toxic materials. Where ii; considerations are involv|;!.such exposures, legal aspects ...; themselves. In most states |0' occupational diseases are |ensable, specific coverage is to those disabilities resultItprn the inhalation of silica Definitions Spy times true dusts are conWith fumes, smokes, mists, Kbgs. In order to differen tiate between the o r i g i n of these materials, a defi nition of them is in order. DUSTS are formed by the re duction of earthy materials and are usually produced by such ope rations as crushing, grinding, buffing, etc. The particle size of dusts may vary considerably, ranging from sub-microscopic to visible. FUMES are formed by conden sation and sublimation. Chemi cally, they are metallic and are usually the oxides of such metals as zinc, and lead. The particle size is usually below one micron. Smoke comes from the burning of organic material and its par ticle size is usually less than onehalf micron. Misis and Fogs result from the condensation of water vapor on suitable nuclei, and the particle size will vary with given con ditions. General Properties As a substance is reduced in particle size, there are certain general properties of the material which are changed. On breaking up a solid into finely divided par ticles, the surface area is greatly enlarged and therefore the space occupied is greatly increased. As an example, a piece of quartz one centimeter on each side when crushed to where the particles of one micron in size will present a system containing 10" number of particles. The total surface area will be 6 square meters. If these dust particles are dispersed onto the atmosphere in such manner that the concentration will be 100 million particles per cubic foot, the space occupied by this dis persed system will be 10 thousand cubic feet. The chemical activity of a solid is considerably increased by a reduction in particle size. Thus the rate of oxidation is increased as is evidenced by occasional dis astrous dust explosions. The phe nomena of adsorption becomes more important as gases are more easily adsorbed on the surface of the smaller particle. From the standpoint of health hazards resulting from dust ex posures, the physiological proper ties of dust vary somewhat with the particle size. It is an accepted fact that with exposures to silica dust, the smaller the particle size, the greater the hazard. Physiological Response Drinker has summarized the re actions resulting from the inhala- tion of dust by classifying the re sponse into four groups. These are: (a) Pneumoconiosis--The dusts producing this type reaction are harmful only when inhaled. The principal materials producing this body oy inhalation is more im portant mode of entry than the same material taken by mouth. This is primarily due to the fact that when such materials are tak en into the body by inhalation, the major portion is taken into the This is also a problem in fou| where the pouring of br" done. (d) Allergy--This type r is in general produced by and certain organic dusts. type reaction are free silica and asbestos dust. On inhalation, these two materials produce specific lung pathology and from the standpoint of disability, present the most important of the dust ex posures. (b) Toxic Reaction--(As poison ing by lead, cadmium or radium) These materials produce harmful effects when taken into the body both by inhalation and ingestion. With reference to lead and its compounds which may be present in the atmosphere as particulate matter, it has been fairly well established that entrance into the blood stream, whereas, a consider Common Industrial able part of that taken by mouth is removed by certain organs of Carbonates are usually tr the body. ed with either calcium ori (c) Metal Fume Fevers--Thesenesium. They normally conditions result from the inhala nature as ealcite and ma; tion of finely divided fume par or as dolomite, which eo ticles. The importance of metal both magnesium and calcf fume fever has been brought to the carbonate. Limestoi the attention of industry by the marble c o n t a i n consid great amount of welding which amounts of these carbonat has been an important industrial do the materials from wh}< tool for the past few years. Where ment is made. burning or welding is done on sur Due to the solubility inis faces which have been galvanized, fluids, these materials are the problem of metal fumes be ed when taken into the b comes immediately important. inhalation. The presence pft bon dioxide in such fluids^ important factor influencing FIB. 2. TH E ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR AS USED FOR COLLECTING ATMOS solubility. The same thing a PHERIC SAMPLES OF OUST AMD FUMES. INSERT SHOWS RATE OF SETTLING OF DUST. to the presence of carbon <f| in water which comes into I with these materials. In the1; ence of carbon dioxide th~' bonate is converted to the soluble bicarbonate, thus a to the ease with which it is re ed by solution. Experimental and practical servations on carbonate dug dicate that these materials ar harmful when taken into the; by inhalation. This is pro'; due to the fact that they are'; ly removed due to their solub Sulfates are common ind; materials and this general; may be illustrated by which is calcium sulfate, a common material and is used in many industrial o tions. It is generally consi^ that this type material is nolfi ic and does not present anyj ticular problem from a ;1| standpoint. Oxides vary considerate their physiological reactio general the nature of the r;j. will be dependent on that- metal from which the oxide;;, rived. Where such me; specifically toxic, as would ^ ease with arsenic or lead, cific toxic' reaction could jb pected from the inhalation;, oxide. However, other oxid pear to be relatively hi particularly where the mg. of a non-specific type. This . of iron oxide. The mining b results in the exposure of number of men to the oxiu; ,1 $*; ' >, vi-.' :.*:* v h /S -p if-.: *, jv*>V .',.-' 'iV ' %$fo; 'Staffe. . r-y.y?,w^ti v* 'h ctical: dust 3 ils are a i the 1 profc ' are solubij inda eral is wxd al op mnside s non-t any a he? jrably ;Jjjj etion. 'his is 1 ng of ii of a oxides;! G E O R G IA KAOLIN DUST MAGNIF1CA- w M 'l TION o x . ,i|inetal. However, it appears %exposure to the dust of iron .not produce pathology unsjttch exposure is accompanied ^pressure of free silica, mining of coal results in 'Stite to coal dust which con- j?;a high percentage of carbon. I studies of exposure to Must have been made by the T^jPubiic Health Service and agencies. It has been found feta- general, coal dust is re'pfcvin the lungs only when dust contains a high per.fege of free silica. Although dust may be deposited in the is of exposed individuals, the .djtion resulting is usually not L1i<jered disabling unless silica Resent. iiiibates make up an important 'of industrial materials and Jused principally in the pro;tipn of ceramics and similar Inals. Talc, kaolin, mica, 's, etc., are chemically silicates ||their widespread industrial ap- _tion results in a great number fjjpmployees being exposed to | | r type dust. With the excep- asbestos, which is a silicate, pgieneral class of materials does '.Appear to produce a disabling |itipn, except in isolated cases, pitaken into the body by in- |i,on. , Sbestos is the only silicate 85! at.;jthe present time which dupes a lung, pathology comSblp witjh. that resulting from grape-tc^sOioa dust. S* .|11 the dust found in indus^K^obably the ipost important .fc fN silica or silicon dioxide. It S^urs in the form of quartz, flint, stone,, .and chert; and is as FIG. 4. QUARTZ DUST (SI 0 2) MAGNIFICA. TION 130X. sociated with many other miner als and ores. The disabling con dition resulting from the inhala tion of free silica is known as silicosis and has long been a problem with industries such as stone cutting, granite, foundry, abrasive, and the like, where sili ca is used in processing. There are relatively few industrial ope rations which might result in di rect exposure to pure silica dust. The importance of silica lies in its association with other materials. As an example, in foundry opera tions the dust generally will con tain clay and materials of a nonsilicious character, so that the ac tual percentage of free silica may be relatively low. This is also true in exposures to coal, iron oxide, and the mining of ores. When hard rock or silica is present, these dusts become important mainly due to the presence of silica rather than to the inherent properties of the parent material. Factors Influencing Hazards In evaluating the exposure to a dust there are several factors which should be taken into con sideration. The duration of ex posure is important, as it will in dicate in a general way the total amount of dust which might be expected to have entered the body. Obviously other factors enter into such an evaluation of total dusti ness, and these will be discussed later. History, of past exposure is important. This is particularly true where an individual is ex posed to silica dust. This point is of extreme importance to industry due to the fact that a worker may have contracted silicosis under a FIG. S. CALCIUM CARBONATE OUST MAG NIFICATION I3GX. previous employment. Where such a condition exists, the desirability of preemployment examination is obvious. The c o n c e n t r a t i o n of dust breathed is important as this, within certain limits, will deter mine the possibility of develop ment of dust diseases. Consider able research and practical obser vations have been made in the field of dust exposures to corre late clinical findings with atmos pheric concentrations. For free silica, asbestos, and some of the other materials, fairly definite standards have been established. The nature of dust is important primarily from the standpoint of free silica content. This is par ticularly true of mixed dusts which constitute the majority of industrial exposures. The volume of air breathed enters into the picture as it directly influenc es the amount of dust which will be taken into the body. The rate of respiration or amount of air breathed in general will be de termined by the physical effort required on the particular job. Where heavy work is being done, naturally an individual will re quire more ventilation than where less physical effort is involved. Dust M easurements In addition to the factors in fluencing dust hazards, it is neces sary to make direct dust measure ments iii order to obtain, a true evaluation of any dust exposure. Such measurements are made by the actual collection of dust sam ples, the counting of the dust par ticles, and by the identification of the materials making up the dis- persed system. For the collection of dust samples, several instru ments may be employed. Much of the early work done on the control of silicosis in the mining areas of South Africa was carried out with the Konimeter. This instrument has been used some in this country, however, it has not met with the popularity which is enjoyed by certain other methods. From the standpoint of collecting efficiency, the electro static precipitator is probably the choice instrument, however, most of the work done on correlating atmospheric dust concentrations with medical findings has been based on samples collected and counted by the Greenburg-Smith technique. The collecting device employed is an impinger unit which samples at the rate of one cubic foot per minute. Counting by this technique is done under light field. The per centage of free silica in a dust sample is usually determined by either chemical or petrographic methods. Permissible concentrations of dust havg been established for free.silica, asbestos, and other ma terials. For both silica and asbes tos, 5 million particles per cubic foot is considered as maximum working concentration. The U. S. Public Health Service has suggest ed a procedure by, which the total dust concentration in millions of particles per cubic foot is multi plied by a percentage of free sili ca. If the resulting figure is more than 5 million particles per cubic foot, the condition is considered unsafe. If less than 5 million, the condition is considered safe. There should be considered certain limits of dustiness for any type of dust, whether it be merely a nuisance value or health consideration. To most industrial hygienists, 50 mil lion particles per cubic foot is the maximum atmospheric concentra tion of dust under which an em ployee should work. It should be pointed out that the only way of determining both the nature of the dust and the actual concentration is by direct sampling and similar procedures for the counting of dust. Case History MANY industries having prob lems of dust control recog nize the existence of such problems to varied degrees. Some take pass ive attitudes, while others apply s o u n d engineering procedures which result in a real job of dust control. Such modern engineering methods are used by the LeTourneau Company of Toccoa, Georgia. This particular plant manufac tures heavy road grading equip ment and its major dust problem lies in operation of a foundry for the protection of basic steel parts. It is interesting to note that this Company considers the control of dust as a part of the general over all production schedule and as a result has its control methods inte grated into general plant opera tions. Although, there are several methods which can be used for control of dust, ventilation, both in the form of general and local exhaust, probably offers the most satisfactory method and it is this approach which has been used by the LeTourneau Company. For general ventilation in the foundry, two 15-ioot fans are which handle 500 thousand cy feet per minute each. Actujj the material removed by these is made up principally of siii' rather than true dust. Two electric arc furnaces" operated and these are equip with roof fans located immediat above the units. These fans v'" 60 thousand cubic feet per rmif each. Again, the major portion the material coming from th? furnaces is smoke rather than;dust, and comes from the and flux material charged intd furnaces. A problem of dust control ip. foundry is the shakeout operate This is particularly true t s h a k e o u t is mechanical handled on a vibrating screen;1 grate. Here, a line conveyortern is used to bring the cast; directly to the shakeout grate, canopy type hood is installed^ mediately over the grate itsetji| addition to canopy, side ene' '** are provided which prevent;!" leakage. The fan serving this;Ji: delivers 35 thousand cubic feef;' minute, which results in ay capturing velocity at the entr and .discharge ports. An exce job of. dust contro. l results on-- t particular operation. Sand conditioning in m foundries is a dusty job. W ife LeTourneau Company th^'i handled by means of local exp ventilation and three bag type ters handling 6 thousand cubic, per minute each. Tumbling op tions for cast cleaning are also, vided with local exhaust vent (Continued on page 80) * FIG. 6. LOCAL EXHAUST ON TUMBLERS FOR OAST CLEANING. F IG . 7. BAG HO USE A N D S A N O B L A S T U N IT FOR C AST C LEAN U P. Courtesy Le)uteU r u m . r n u FiU ltn B. INinllCTDV KJAUFMBER, at least 75%. Figure 2 shows the condition; of thje tube that jfailed: , Other tubes were found eroded adjacent to U bolts holding baffle tiles. The U bolts provided suf ficient interruption in las flow to cause eddy currents an[d localized impingement. (Fig. 3.) Erosion by particles* of fly ash and unburned fuel has also been found in stoker-fired boilers. At the time of each shutdown for cleaning and preventitive main tenance (at least once every four months), all areas vulnerable to erosive attack should be examined. Areas mot susceptible are:, . j 1. Where- flow of gaseis njkes a \ tu n i throwing out particles: of v Solidk ; ' ' 1 7 1 2. Behind any cracks, breaks, or j gajisi ir a gas baffi. \ ; 3i Adjacent to any) pnojectipnthat might clivert normal flow'of gases. .Should the boiler be provided with an induced draft fan, observe the condition of the blading. Ab normal wear may be indicative of erosive attack in the boiler. Careful attention by all engi neers to the,-problem, of erosion may well prevent a serious acci dent. in the plant. The modernization pr(y: the Brock Candy Compati ' ing place at a time w,is any product, regardless^' or cost, can be sold. Tni| tlenecks today are shortag " materials and skilled:-,"' However, progressive bus know that these condf only temporary and thajjj few years, companies w'! not .guarantee quality ablq tip sell their produg Brock :Candy Company:^' tinue to be a leader in i t ||' cause it has refused ' to '" quality of its p ro d u cts^ days when consumer denjr'" greater than the supply off terials and because it has? inaugurated a program p(f and research which will constant improvements. Candy Making* i (Continued from pkge 60) not be taken for granted, a chemi cal laboratory is essential. ,, The Brock Candy Company is now in the process of constructing a modern chemical laboratory and training a technician to perform control analyses. The laboratory, which is located in a large air con ditioned room near the candy' cooking operations, is equipped with modem stone-topped labora tory benches, the latest chemical glassware, and such special analyt ical instruments . >as.;. balances, , vacuum oven, refraetometer, and pH meter. Provision has been made for such analyses as moisture, in vert sugar, viscosity, pH, melting point, and refractive index. Many of the control tests have been de veloped specifically for the Brock Candy Company, and new pro cedures will be added from time to time as the need arises. . The Industrial Research Institute of the University of Chattanooga has cooperated . with the Brock Candy Company in selecting the equipment, outlining and develop ing." analytical- procedures, and training a technician to operate the control, laboratory. A research Dust project on improvement, of the quality of candy has been sponsor ed by the Brock Candy Company at the Industrial Research Institute of the University of Chattanooga. Since all raw materials will be analyzed and tested in the com pany laboratory, variation in prop erties will be detected before the material is used. This procedure will assure products of uniform : quality, since inferior raw ma terials will be discarded and form ulations will be based on the ac tual analysis ' of high grade raw materials rather than on standard procedure which do not make al lowance for variation in the in gredients. Analysis and testing will assure high quality of finished products and permit any difference in quality to be detected. In this way, any unavoidable errors in manufacture can be corrected and adequate controls instituted to pre vent their reoccurrence. The facilities of the control lab oratory will also be available for the evaluation of research and de velopment work being carried out in the factory. In addition to main taining the production of uniform high quality products, the person nel and.equipment of the control laboratory will be available for many other technical assignments (Continued from page tion and dust arrestors as;.' in the photograph. Note'"' haust is applied through]! trunnion of the tumbler. In' foundry operations -0% other industrial type proce^ housekeeping is an important?" tor influencing the generatio dust. This foundry employs'' five horsepower vacuum cje| for floor maintenance. By this!" cedure loose dust, sand, and! like, is removed from the flobS is not projected into the a' phere by the movement of-;chinery, scuffing of feet, and, like. This is one impressive:;^ in the operation of this parti _ foundry. Excellent houseke'e'* is combined with a good proc\,. for materials handled. In all of the attempts at dust;' trol at the LeToumeau Com" employee cooperation is obti Employee c o o p e r a t i o n C, through planned program of;% ployee education and emp. participation in affairs invb the health of the worker. Periodic dust samples coll, in the LeTourneau foundry^ cate atmospheric concentrati ... various operations well what is considered as max safe working limits. ... into viti Castleman Asbestos File on CRANE Co. w/c = with cover letter or memo If DATE = 0, undate CD-ROM Document#: Crane DATE = j cf % ( lie 6 y c c /ec .s') _V' article letter fro m medical tir a d e journal __ published presentation from conference __ published government report __Fed Register notice __ government inspection results __ unpublished or internal report __ unpublished presentation from conference __ newspaper article __ letter __ memorandum __ industry warning labels __ industry sales literature __ industry recommended practices __ agenda ___ minutes ___ attendee list legal__deposition __ testimony o f______________ : other in d u s t r ia l Illinois Manufacturers' 120 S. La Saie Street, Chicago, Illinois -- Voi. 9 FEBRUARY, I t t i Whole Number 1*5 Special Sesrion of Legislature Called to Consider Legislation Relating to 'S ^7 Occupational Diseases, Health, Comfort and Safety and Changes in Blower A ct Go v e r n o r h o r n e r i* tsk* at Third Special Season oi the JBiaca General Awemtty which began Wednesday, February I. Hue sastofl will nm coocwiaitfy with tiie SmI and iacoad spedi} sessto&s which lurw harr been in jrrogros for K v m l weck. . Items to be considered ia this H u rd Spedai 5c&*k*n -which are erf impor tane to todistry retate to bitta protW- iag for remedies in occspattoioj A s ease rito lto ; legislation rdatin* to health, comfort and, safety; aad tueas- arts GMfcug certain changes in fhe HEnais Blower A c t A diktat of the pznMl provitiowa o f these aererai bill Is tubyjatjL Copies of any or alt of these m asares wD be sent to mtjnbtf* pock rcqveu to w Chicago- o r Spdngbcid oiSe**.' I t has nm bees feasible for the Association to send copia of these ewattires to'members a t an cariicr dato became the bills vtrt not la to rn for robntissioo to the liburna legislative Rtfereace Bb-' r ta u a t Sprmg&etd no til late Tuesday vernar, rcbxsary 4th. As a xratlftc of feto, it 4 probable that to o cbaogu will still be- made h r the Legislative Reference Bureau boere the bill* are b a ita trabnatttd to the legislatore. However, as IndRaUd abort, opio of the bill* u sebeaitted to the LcgtaUtire Reference B a ro n WJ be n t to oor m oabers npo& redout.* These aseasarea are the rtsa lt of ex tended contiderxticp of this catire subject matter by the Oecnpatikmal Piscases Commine o f A Assodabon under t' chafrxmajhtp of O. B. H oc oc. This cottetitu e waa appofated by the P m ld e a t of the Araoe&r&oa early to St3) to iteri the occupational d ad o es prpbkt* with x View to detercufilog w hit remedial letitiatkm was nccem ry-is the state to bring about *M QtdtsbU nod practicad system erwing the rights, duties and liabilities of employers, employtea nd tosanwcc arriera with respect to sudi d i t t i l a . At tbe dnw the comashire was ap 'bptoienwted'B.ooedmedplowyitehrsd'taomtahgee ssatalttes,'wmeorset of which were predicated on silicosi*, ubertosi*, mad a yariety of real-and fancied im g *ficttoa*. Some of these soil* were raeritooo'M, but. to a W i t extant* they were stirred end soSched by smVoUocc c h m r t tor n&eihkat lawyer who, w ith the Id of doctor! of Hk ilk, developed wbc* tor a thee Legislative Situation at Springfield There are now three pedal cations of the llBaoii Gtoeral A w em lb n a injf coacaxreaUy. The tirtt apetial seanofs covert ifae *obji* *f old age p e n s io n a , wempionaent bsareoee, II. The second ettiba i t h t u to on n p lo ja a a t retfcf, and Ibe third, which hat just bree called by abe Gov ernor, covert the subject of occupa tional t m lgtatatios, nod teveni other herns which are cot of direct importance to tftdtattry. The tato of the employment ra sura nee filiation remains unchanged. Aa vtisaecesstol effort was made to par* Tfctf measure b the Stato Senate on J votary, ttH. IPSttfbdetit rotes Were secured. Senator Lee, sponsor of the bl in tbs Seriate, eenred the const*>tof Ih $m tc to tp o ite coptideratioa of the bill Therefore, ha If io potitfo where ht tax o fl ibe b*3 op ai any tune for rscootideretion. A Tra-.pantoa HH i t on s*co9 rm dfeg to the H ouse of Representatives. I t 5* in nedtfcm where it artId b %&viace n any tme. Tb> ssAektfeo. U caretoSy ,wtohmf H fcp^aftoa and wilt p m in tiy i m e Ito members to event any farther effect s to enact the mtasnres U to law are mode. The sab/eef o f otoapfttiaaai dtoaese legitiattoa fa treated where la tin* Ulue. Th Asaochdtoo w represented l Sorbigtictd a t 31 tatioas of the kgitoturc by A thn T . Gordon, Director of or Legislative Bere. ra4 other meznbert of our toff. Detailed infermsrton re*JxDnr any me*rare? pccdmg *t Springfield can be*oojred hy .commsnSeatZar with oor Chrcago or Springfield eSccs. was a fiotirishing rchst The onetbkaJ lawyers sod doctors, and not the . ptoyces tbecwelves, protited from thtse stiittu. Th coewwtteo has devbtod If* aitiv- Itiet escctotivtly to the- dsvtiepBeeb of * adequate %uA compreheuafre occupa- tiooal disease legislation for tike stato, and ft has actively and coostientiously eonUnocal Us efforts to ihU derttoble end during the past' year. I t had bad the whole-beartoil cooptation of Bern* her c o la n te s o the Assodilfe* which companies ha placed at the disposal of Ut oosnnuttoc the services of madrea], s&gfeectia* and fay mamhers o f their organisations. I t has also received the eaopcralloa and as sistance of a number of die sooft crL staodtog k t , zoedical and jaya an(horitia no th* sobjeto of oreupatinaal diseases la this country. H m ia c s CaireHly 8tfied Careful study aod coossderatipn bai baca t?vnn *to occupation*! disease? a tti wlikh have bren nacUd by TrvOMi states in tixb country and by for eign copDtrks; and to our sind of these various ecu especial effort* nave beta made to deteretiae w iat has proven satisfactory to atonal opentioa from the standpoint of both employers **0 twpkorets. A* look a s lb tirst draff *of a pro posed net i t a m o v e d by tbe am- > fttec; copy o f *mb to tre was deSnred to the rortKgtotive* o f la bor tor th a r enfttideretioa. W e boleti that a n te d bl might be detetoecd tre t iattoonced a t ti m i t n h r senttoc of. the Illinois G e tta i Assembly. Tbe repteuntotivei of tabor, however, * tatrodeeCd tfceif'ow* blJfc wch actio?* Hared os mfer (he oeressffy o f tota' iactajf c ar t l Both blU* w ere eeferred to. the H oyte `Jvtoffiary Cemtritttt, ad hy th a t eomaafftee to h n to a pedal sah-coauefttee. *Tbe subcoBunitaec cnedveted n m jy .h o u ia n . Shortly. before the end of tbe regveur sestico, tbe ICraota Dtreehar of 'L ibor requntod representatives of cnaptoyer* and tabor to confer fa an eort to ticvttop s a agreed b&l Tbe widely diTtayent vkw s of tb two gresp re- . P L E A S E P A S S TH1S. B .V L L E T W D O W N 'T H E 'E X E C U T IV E L I N E .1 PlA U m ffEX K D SIT mccsoBi red agreeemit vmpossbk la rie limited feste vriUWc Th* Wl finally reported te the Rdosc \}j the jodkbry Committee wa coasidmd biicali/ oosoond hy this coaUTOyee. We rcord'ftgly opp**<d ta enactment and, Jortejmdy for DK* noi* itaastry. fatati ef p u m i; *h* skuatioa with respect ta the of naptoyer* lor occhp***0011* d k a m tax undergone radiati cta*S< dmes th mastjrvto. The decision of t Supreme Coen io Aprii, 1M. hoIdie portions of the exfotfog OccopKfcMWl D tscu u Act BCUtit*CT>, and tita tabstgveat detisin oi uw Appettato -Court in Jriy^ Itati, botdjo? that no comeoo fcrw ctgbt of action exi*n is this state for oecuparimal diseases, stopped the flood of tanafl* n s u agakst employers. As a reseli or the* deefofoos hvndreti* of sSea* cUhni hive bm fled viri the Indsv trill Coesnitsk om the theory Ihti index further coen tridota taci risi* would he held cotapeniable on* cr the ndstiof lav. Ho one U * po* silfos I predict wh oerttat? the yut eooto of these chrina. The Hxaooe, ibifrfsrir rcernina chaotic. Mo iottHifts. person escalden that sack a ita varioo witt be pero i?ted to cootieut Coastitutiana! laws providing a fogies! softttion can, wifi, s o l ibowd ta en acted. UftXOGtdcMtoM] Uws ihocirf and musi be efenhaied. The governor, m ogabteg foe wfoaspccad interest and gravity cf the ait* a tc e , la the ewiy part of September. iWf, arrio gel lor a cosieresce of rpresentatires of fatar aid eesplmni under the ctamxaeriii* of Hoo. Peter 1. Angwtn, ehrinnan of the Ulinoli ' Indoinai Commifoc. This ccafcttne* * cstttti by the goen>cv [ the porpeoe of mdnvvri&f to drmop agreed legbla don prewiring for ri* prercattai of. and corspcasatfo* *, occanational disease*. Ever foot ita Woih**nr CWapen* tfoo Act Ml placed ow tile lUfooia Statate Books Is lisa, k taa been eta* tooOfy (or icprokBU tira of labor end ta u u y to undertake So agree to each amridznent* is sold act as sessnod accessary or eacpetiieet for coafos* do at succeeding sessions rf the for t tore. These foist confort** through the years between representa tivo of labor and ledastry ma ita *obfoci of prepoeed dune ta tito Worknca* Compeau fo* Act *txt ert&otftty 1Hated by the UEsok Es* s t r i s i ConsnbeM*. Accordingly, p o sato i to Rich cask e t the Occwratiooal Dittate* Cerammo o tb t A* tocistfol rbec If had Cocrtfetd tta Ersi draft of %proposed bill re e f SKftdug- chasecs fo tta k w rtUim g to that tobfott matter bfoiled a 0P7 of tfob mriwce lo r epteamUtif Cl 1 kbor for Ckrir conridkntiocL TU was dento m W m 13, shortly tifo? the BBoofo General Mtwbty had coa* Tcccd k fcjrkkr acanteo. This action was taVea with the ta p that tubagreed hitt might bo worked oat and enacted si the d regvr scstioo. The repre sentatives of labor, however, latxndsced their ewa bill bronciaic all wct~ cslkd oceopsifonsl disc** fokfor tta WorVam'i Cotnpcasxtios A d tmdts what was commonly referred to as the "Wide-open* claim. Thane v u no defioitfoa of what oomtitattd a oc* W atfoiai dmasc. If such ^ caeuvrc tad hetd m eied into fow. lnoa * sfeytn woold tave he* oWigaied for riacot for eo-rriled occnpatfonal <scates which m f t not Id fact nkfod to employment. We wobM hast had a recurren of coodttioRi which ex* it ted ip New York Stale, where, xmtr hr* tsxeicd etart compscabte to jfo Beard of Dir*clots and ta& rie muai* noci approva] of both of those rmrp*. ' W stall be ri*d to vrxkrtiVc to answer fo^eirks from eur roeotaf* regartfisg say features of rib program Upon wbfeo they darire additioral ift* format} mu Digest of Bills so-ofiad "wids-open* propocal f o referred to, ansar New Yocfo employ* era wert foEged to <Ve down their plait* and m a y others were ossbte secare Imuraace ctcept i ptobjbf* tir n t a The Driso* Msnafactcm s* A tta c k ' tioo m , ttarefore, 'ASred te tra duce its own occvpattaw dUaatci NU, Both Etoanns; l u rie f o W ^wide-open*1 b?I, sponsored by w p> - iaeti kbor. u the nwastwe ipoanwcd by obf QctapaOoori Dkeucs lee were referred" to the JaaBdary CemnU sf ita Hn m of Reputa* ta tm r and by that oatmiUtt fo * sub-ceamiriw. TW carmahtet has had a tage anna* her of m eefon. Ip ket ita coannit* tee hat n d almoat owtianDariy ricce ih date upon which fo was catfod i*gethiT by tta lodartm ! Cornafoxon m Septtmhcr of h i t y w . A jrn5- a te d a ta n , tta blttt wore not Swl form foe saWntfoon to the ItogkUlin E iftm e t B o n n uotfl tta Tondty, February ih. ' lita dccisfon wf the Scpiema Ccart of lUfeois hoWf porticos of tkr Oc cupational D i ta Act WOCOMtk* tfoool i fltat imUdx&eA i ta priariftl foatom sf tin ininok Art ptrokfoflr te rufo and recaUthm pforktaf for "HchivSafety and Corah?ri* k Itti" noi fokstry, The pratatad ticer n tte r to 1tat nbfcct, wi*ch n a part tit ilu* preceam and a sc*t of w tini {subfotned, rmxascnts tta co- d ul tcci *f the coausritce a* tta BWt practicable modi iu tf obfotionaW* $Aai|t fha&k ava'Ariiie m b* kb statai cVcwn*0U)3. T ta chance in the Slower A^, whkh arc also cnotctnpfoled by tK* *criceti KUs, are tta resell of'txua- ta study by a StotiQ of enlacer nUfod with re&rCKUtvc saesnber fimi. It * u ria ctmyforiaa of tta members of that grovy tbit tbr prei- eat hw i rebtteg to th?t suhfoct ar* kdcfiita and kvohrcd and oootd net, m ioany ianuxes, b e conformed to practical operation- TN pmwmd xaeacar* relating fo ckk lohfoct k k fcotitd to mora tfoarly ti5a rise right* aod tahUries of employer* fat cotaac- rio w ill ifck sohfoet cu tter, peoriaf fwrtiwr traatmeo* of Ihfo in je c t by tta IfowrtmJ Omarferioa p in m s t to tta wrtaorihp fires, t tivc CotuoUrioa under the tens of tta Health, Com fort to i Safety A ct Aa fedcatad abe**, ria wkrtw n**W ta foefoded it tie* proposed foffoiaiiaa ate tta rctolt of m t a f d ttntiarindaanrtCiooimmohfteesnWr fQftcpaepraioikdwo!f event! you*. I this aeihfty we k '*e tad rie xsafnanca of all e! ria ottar principe! employing groups in HSocrs, *H of whom we sr* Htforrmd arc m syoapariy with and ta ra adornad rifo prtarajn. Tafo fefkhtSve prepram ta aba rc~ c o re i tira cantal conridcraifoo. of ita tOiooia hidicstrial ffomeil afod <fi& T ta following h brief d%<t of the ta c BlU; i. T ta Eni BlQ is for a Wo'Vaoc&'s Oceopsticast B i t u t u Act- This Is a SO] coacrise the sabfoct ef (bbifity of employer* for iaferk* or d o tta rositi x irem dbeaae*. It psevidcs for am ekcdvc ceayeaoatk a Betritiiy. whb a lUbSty h r damages i**nnare om *****1 nfri ti n Section 3 el sta B31 providts for 'SabiSiy t a asnees to o espe? who tats s triped sofory to h n lri, or death, by n u c a o s dbeat can* traeteti or sa*betecti <hatejr tta etWR Of l b txspkyment tad ptcrimriy otueA by tic eegittnee <ti tta em ployer. nata* ris employer Hall Hava tite t o to- pvy cowMiMtM s pro vided ta Section 4 ot tifo Bill la eoa* MCtiba with Ita Babky t a sfoacu of oo-eketiRg erokyera, ria a ll provdet that the viiktioo by wy av pk m r of axy cXoctivt rote cr rota made by ,ris Tftdustrbi. Conatisrioa pornaxt k Os Health aad Safety Ari. or rie yfobtfam b r r i i wapfoyer of sey statote of rifo State ftteodad far tta prricctiaa of the health of fo r , d u ll eocitat i eginac. T Seet t a fanfoer prorilea for tta period i which a&tiota for d i s t f t i most ta commenced s*4 ram* tta eo n moo law delcmaa oi ita uaploycr. S c e lta 4 provides that sty ***** pteytr *3*y <kct to provide od p*7 compeiuatta accMxti&c to tta provi* i t a cf tins SSI for t i u r i s a i i or d oth tcoknrg feotn Ko{*Ucni| dko o * . The Btti prov>dct for tta taeriod o sattmt ria focata, ad farther provides, tha noplcyecs tic*iag may have the right to rivet oat from under rie Act 0 October fet, .203Tr and oa ari October i*t for lem yatri thereafter, proridta. Vwwvrer, lhl *n tmpW cr wbo t a t rieefed to eoc oadcr tta. eorapessstioe pcorlsioas ef r ii Act, then ta dettsd not to b* under them, sad has ssbs*9B ally rieettd ggtril 10 COBH fJD&f the Act.- ibril oot have the right to t r r furrier eketkoa. The empfofo cf any employer who hag <kctd to be bound by tta COrop*matita prortcas of tta Act b r i the right oat to be *o beoml. Unless *n employe files notice to the contrary wtiriin thirty (10) days after rix ta ima by the employer, fa ihatt. b <kMd to k m accepted the coapcistitoi orovhfom of the AdL The Bill i t fines an accepatfosal feease as foffow: ''Section L h i tfib Act the term 'Otrepetfowal DUeue* raemos a Ssc m aririnyovl of aa ht the ceerae <4 the csofoyaoctM. Ordhury dis eases of Efe to which ri* cenerai pab&c is exposed octridc of the aspfoynaat shall not ta coopm ubk, rxcejil ritte the' rid dwwca fdfow as an Stoidrat wtn oocepxtiocol dbjeat* i s defateti Ut rik seefio*. A dtaase shaS ta ittmaA to PLBASB PASS THIS BCTLLETW DOWN THE BXfiCUTrVE UNE i irise <mfc of the emptayxstat, oaty li there U apparent to the radosuJ tCiod upon crmridsnttioia <rf *JI foe drcumro*, a direct causal coantctioq. b e U - i c a the ccodicioss ucdtr which 12 work is performed and the occupational k u c , u r t The paver td the Industrial Com* mistioa to make ruU> I limited to (he fcOowiag purpose*', (a) Tbe proper caaiutkm and eo-` tsistioa of a& j^ a c u of eoopioynttot to guard a g ria n podcui iojturies and whether he perticapaled a foe pfoceedk^ES o r oat, rosy S9c prstripe fa r x writ o i certiorari ia the O r text or Superior Court of tbe County in whkh foe gubjoct-surter of foe bear ing is rifealcd, for renew od Ih reaeftfoJesess or lawhilaess of fot de* which o a he seen to hive lollowcd (b) The aeraagooent aid guarding as a n ato rii ioddeot of the werk of Ecbiotty and stortog and as a result of the expoitse o c o - pocusg of personal property to guard atoned i f the nature ol the esnployitocat and which can be Jairijr. traced agriase personal injuries and diseases. to the employment as the prcudmake lc> The preveshoo of personal m- *<auie, rod which does not come june cad diseases by cootace with tram a hazard to which workmen any poasoaeu or deieterioas autlenats. would have h e a t equally exposed au&ta, vsfxnrs, gases or fuaes. outside oi the cmjtoytaciu. The Vdj *ibe prcvmuloa of penoari m~ disease most be .icodeatal to the jurtes coo auMsues r u s e c by expos' character oi the husoes and pot ,orc to ertihetri ct^aspherlc pressure. depMjdcZ oi the relation oi em H-Tta of tbe Indqstrul Coaurisuoo ployer and employee, The disease coopted xn the meaner prended. 10 need not to have bees foreseen or the Bill ball have foe m r tt sod etfcci expected hot tite r its coatnci3oa it of lew. must appear to have bad its origin This 21 wottld apply to all em* ia % risk ccBHtitd with foe cm* ployeu cagagtd K any occopahoo, ploymcat and to t m lowed horn oustaeo o r eaUrprice ia Ihc Statt, ex* th at serctee as a rational coose- ccpi lcrmerc aod others engaged h' qetace." ta r g , &age of th soil, or stock The Bill deSocj dizaMtmeii as foh tririag, xzri so ecu! szBUig. tovra; Th rhr by the Industrial v 'X H ttbtodesf means the trtot of ComcrictSoQ m ust b# dear, p h i cod siteUiffiblc, and a m t be mriform smd becoming disabled froea emralag full general fo tbrir application. WSgei at the work ca -which the em The Bid ptovvie* th a t it shad s o l ploye* wad encaged when Hat cx- be coastnad as yraatlsg tbe Isdua* jkmkiL to the b n h o f the occafe- tritt Cnrmrltrioa the power, to make tio ati ditetae by the easpfeyer from any n d e whkb v>& reqqkc. foe tsb* whom he claims compensatio, or utrioa ol very i^ao, cptcibcri>&us, or tq sal wage* a ofber sujtablt <*r~ other iufataaU oa coacerring laty pro * spluoyitm<eu4t,b*aann*d ipdijaabciafpitayc'iumieeadoc*t the posed instriladou, riteratfod, costrue* lion, apparatus o r eqripzscnt, or ia The Bill ftjcther provides tb it 1 any masmer regebiv st boors of la tom pum tioo ohaB be payable for bc- bor of m y employee in th e Stau. c o p u b flil dbeasej tales* ducfiJtoKm The Bui sets forth the pioccdore peesrs wrtirin oae year alter foe last for foe adoption of rules by tk* Iadtu- day of the hut exposure to the bar* triil Commi&oo. ttd s of the disease, except Is u s e s of ,, Tbc Cosmmrion may either institute oetoptiul disease* caustd by the procto&Ags on iLc o v a initiative by a wf>aUiu5n silk deal or abeitoe resolution or upon pet&on rigsed by dust, a4 ift Vuth case wktiia throe fa* employe* o r five em pbytrs in a year after the last day of tbe last specified industry. expepttt, The Codtoriisfoa fell **! a date i<* The BtS further pavndca that the a p u rik b ttila g oot les (has thirty employer ta b le for eftaapossaftfoa *bll days, !>or more tfen mnety days, after be the evptaycr in who* employc*nt foe date of the passage td tbe resolu the mpLoyc v ac last exposed t o tfe tion by the CotmrisstoQ, or tbe BUog hazard of the occupational disease of foe peptio*. chimed apa* regardless of the lesgth. Kotiee of the heart* m ost be given of (use aC och t u t expos except C l least thirty days poor to the date that ia the caws of sfikoiU sad uahea- of heartsg, by pubScctioa in c news tod*, the exposure during & period of paper cd g t tr ri drcolatbo and by { to . than sixty ( 3 day after the *i- rouHag Mtiee to coy opU>y end to fe c tm date of (ho Act chill s o t be cay ast*dati& of employe* or of deemed a Iw t expocrarc. vnploTCf who have Ald foV n o o The provxHooa reUtI*j: to unoaott i w eddmae wrtit the IndurtrUl Ca*t- of cooajMTjHsaoa, and to procedure are oussxm reqsf&ttig notice of vch jococpoialed ia the BB1 ia the feme fearing b u g a ifc , zed by the p f trftim Any interested party may submit niuabers as tbiy are cnabtlned ia the ividcwcc a( the hearing, 1 1II f l o i WarfcmtV* CoropcBsatioa Upon foe ceochuloft o f (he hearing, A ct the ladu tlrb l Comossripfl ihifi enter The Bi, if enacted,,,sbaQ tales aSect its derision fa writing and *ed * copy 00 October t, 1P3_ sod kan be ad> of the derisio fa foe Interested par ties whose uanaes ar o fife vrifo foe rzuoiitered by tbe I ndia (rial Goratmtafoa. CoeeUpd, and a certified copy c f tbo dedrioa shall be filed vri& ti HroUh ta d E af r KU ScexeUry oi $thb Within thirty day* after (he eqlr? S. T he cecaed Bill u tbe Berltit of foe derision, foe Isdustekl Cmnmls- and Safety BUI. sioa may conrect, modify o r vacate T h k Bm vest is tbe Industrial * the dec&QO, cria os tttie*. smA any Coasmsskm the power to make rea pvrsoe *St4 by foe dcchvo* may sonable rules to provide reasoetible object la w ritia t stating tb* specific protection to the lire, beabb and ground* of fus oejectfoa. ` safety of employes- Any person. cSccttd by the deosios. riaioa or n d u . The Circuit or Superior Court may confirm o r reverse foe decision cf tb t Com atoso u whole, or rray reverse eri reszaod i t c i * whole, or may toefirm p e rt giri everse sad remea p a u of the deriskm.. An appeal from the a c t o of the Circuit or Superior Court m sy be tsjuw to foe Sapreme Court within Carryfive day._ except as to the partios* 0/ the deci&on which *rc m nsuded by the Circoli pr Sapcriar Court. Tbe industrial Commiasioa m af &* the date ih st rules o r tid*onx adopted by it sbafi breme r it o live, provided th at no such derision, rvlc or r i t o shaB become eBectivs until jfouiy day after catzy by tbe IstaR riaJ CojOttsssM, ocr shill fo*y be eBectivt during fon pendency et any p ro ceeto j for ztview or appeal and upoo itr' miaation of appeal, no derision, rwfe or roles sbafi, become efitetive .ntUxI a period of rinse has tbpsed after the tith e of fo* Court1 h uadate eqni to fog wesiod of tim e caigfoaUy fixed by the Cajuttwn- TBe lo d a tim i Cotoroiasioc U rtqrixed to keep a full aad cdoplete kc* rti crj ell procccmgTL erri a t least once a year shall pcbuih. in printed iorm 11 0/ foe rules ia full fo rts sad effect at the time of Cbe publication. Tbe e n fo rce of tbe n t o is veiled in the Department of labor, with foe proviso fost foe Iodmiri! Comoaxirioit shall not tsk ?ny oarI **> their eniwcemcAt The Department ol Iribor J power to impeet plaets of emp^orsica! afe etc by roks, subirci to a proviso that wheoevtr say secret proc esse re sed, foe owner shall fairoib a n afiU arit th a t h. has campEtd with til effective ruler, v b id i affidavit fell be tecepted in lieu oi Impecfom. T fe Btii ftrorides that the Depart ment o f Labor (fell give proper notice b regard to any violitios of the Act, and any perron who fails or acghtcU lo comply with anv n t o adopted by the Commritioa niter foie notice h ghmn, is guilty of s misdemeanor and subject to fine. This Bill provides for repeal of the Health, Safety and Cootfori Act, to U fe fece July 3, M it, sod t o foe repeal s StxXxoa 4 of foe ested Basecm Blower law, to take effect October 3, 31. The Bill contain* an emergency elatLK. gad is intended to take effect tm ae& ilely ispeo H tow age. 3. A Bill Id amend Scctious T, l i , and 1 o f foe Workmen'* Con****t t o Act. The amtfldmeof So Suction 7 i* re sult of foe derilloo of tbe Supreme Court In the Mowenqmt Coal Company cate, 3&0TP- 1st, airi adds, (be follow ing language to the section: `Whenever four tinttt (he average anAnd amine* oT the deccMed a*, ytoye u provided k paragraph (a) of this Section amounts to lour thou* sand doBars and not more than four thousand four hundred dollar* aad PL8JSB PASS THIS 8 V L IST IN DOWN tH S SXBCVTIVE U N E 5 i * --r- >yj ;n : 00 o. -5 -b(!- K3f X s i l i .o I il- 5? S v.s. s 5 0 " ar j ; U *= 2 4 oF ^> ms / W. >s-- " "j t*e. Oc 'r =S2y., Iba i tm id aploy kl w i m i { trijo o s chfa.xda? te ** be- teta j*rj tec.woSB,ta?AM* *h*H be loar tboa**ixj t7ur uad** {al bur. *WfraeTer fot* ta* tec a m * fa croa! armare f tee dctfrttd mpo* u prended m fwnxrepb (a) B th l* 5*tJ0* UDOOitS o o w t30>- m <J tediar* muI * o t acrs'ibaa *ur temared creo iw d re d dellars *d`4 tbe dtensad ca?loyx Id t rim y iitg bm tw dbdrui uader ib 2|< ol ilxlrcn / u n aw w st ih * il be fow tn a u n d s e rta hUo- d rc4 dallar . > 'Wheoercr four tne the arerafic w aw carmes* cf tfre deceucd eav Hoy ** prended la pararrafk (a) of ibis S*coa ataounU to toar tiyfa>- tand dalUrs ad oot mor* (bao Stc tbou**od doflera w d th* deem ed naplc?? left aurrmajt ba tb m or mDoareyeabiiWi rtmbe. umdacc*ant*hcpaapabloe|**h*n- * ba fivt t b e u u i b i b u . 1* Tb* ueacodme&t te Sectil* i* addi tke serte *W w iftao t weratae/1 U ci*aacc oa wtt& certada `tedie* ccnhf a ro l oo ik S co rlity # tbc C tch * Tb uamimMt te S trie * i l U ter tee porpoae of tolte** cara of tb* fa tatioa wbfafr wAA ansa* > lw * cbfcxnt BsaceMWtea bfa rcatdy and . file kU dava note ih* OccpMotuI' D&cs* Aet sfem fce sbotdd te re fiied oodcr ih Cosa^cmaKon Aci, ofwkre ba (Na Adtr tbe Cob o m w Act wOotceaapshUtotmholfrtiadflaavtee;AleletdTluceaudenratidw- mezd proricits lk*{ te *mk rtari ths applicati o u j bc arae&dtxi %> asaart o t t a ter djuba&y or teste Under tee preper Ad xod sbsU be deesed to rare ^cn so &Ud ss emeoded b a th dite oi th ricusi tUos; fcsd sud y n iitio a tedi bc awtrde^ m a i m a u i ter *8 ol tee eryitfcaee. i A 8 i te .s ta m i Soctern 44 i tee Acl io relxttea fa tb G3 Aiate* 'UtraUoA I tee Siate gsrm unest ta aoteorks tee Dt^ortmcct of la frs tenamb tee Coznuoiot ta adensulcr tee Hcalte od S a ld r Act od ter Worinaem* Occopetios! Db- e u n Act j C. Thli la a Sili t e cmapte ilia s~ m? ol ahauet rjrrtcmk oc toaotkqr ' dosi aod diri Ireos griodsyg; po6sb> asd Vog a r operaista* ^eoeaSsf tee pneacsc B lw tr Xsw, aod eoo- triamg sa azUSrxeocy1 d i * . 1[Tui B0( i, e iv a U aaill W / *t, tebr, by ifVki teueB io cmh tctapUtd mfc tee ladoatriai te o * wimoo wiU baf t sdopted tuie* cover- r tee M^eetHmltet * tU s s a Bill' rVidb a i n f r a Ity SaV-Coauaita* jsTJba OarepeMiMuJ D tseiui Cocunittte .et tee* D&cAs M sssb ctattr/ AwfHisfcioo. in ) w iafcredactd fa te I. cjtlsMar al tee fast Gestri! iSmfrn, I t n nrwu b j t%&*xn, aad ts v c d n dfcdM u d adeMtte re* 'S s r a B tth teroJocc the presasi sti- Bapprcf J*sr, Ry^lwx CoinKdti** Scrtlcc Tkc d tea Ocea*o**S Btsmta ComtsDEse C tee Aca< ;.tppaassananl.d wh2lcteesreBmipoad ui lfiaiiaffabifhadl Vov rcpraaesixi tee fater!* l'eor W, C. -Long-, SfarEaf Mir*.' te Stp* su ben ut eaevKtfoa rite tee prep* *oo* o5te*afrore CKlsare*rat CCUPATXOKAL DlSBASas para* Amil, Steri&g, B- G. Robert Galfamp, Q u o t e o Coemetct of 'W a n x fU . Waofr**faa, IR, Xiorth P a c c o , IR 0 . JEL U obbC Chifaman, Amerkaa C. L. Dfatdsfard, Nafrosii Matd 5t*d FbendiieA, T radu Axaodatfaa, Cfrlasp. d* L. X. Arft, Vkewcbainruia, Gctsryt 5. Kpbam Cory. HA. sXmI ,S v re, Natfaaal Mehl Trade* Alfa T. Gocdaa, Syritfifakl OL Jm fan-A w d j- R. Alleo, Is lin a tio til Birreatcr B P B -C O U K rrttt VXKBSItS Co, Tbe ixMB&enp cf tee wA-eooimfrt, t>ooald B b fa SUI IfarciM qt Co- wfro, durfaff tb* period' f srreral E. BtmUefa, Cstcrpi&ar. Ttacior Co- moatea, camed oa tee esfotfalfae Major R. A BbQ, Si+pcr Sisd Cxit- *ad tee deta^kd wark ***eeated witfr * Co. tee dnftfaff ol th* bSis, m i 0 . . W. E, Ctocotnfre Xoerei* U n ta n * Moaat. Cfaurjraa: J. L. *rfrwfae, X. se Steel Co. G. EisagU. WtfT E. I mo, Dr. JL A. U. Davfa, Xotaraatio&st SCica Co. H. CHtcrs, Dr. C. O. S f a f a f a *** }. S. Deespacy, Bete Coocpaey. Mr, E. O .J c err. M*m. 2 . Cbrke od Jte F-' B , Sitai. America Stctl Po-sn* HjurizixtOK d tee irte di f y f t *nd `Walter E m iU a -C n o i Co. . Cfarfct, ueaend Cowuel far tm A > date, alea ptrtk7pafad -fa tee worfr Xpinnr Co A E. Sitity W r- ef efr*.eaVMntetta a* -#*8 u Attanwy Frede 3L Perefru, a nte*r- H. C TVomuw. Ottawa SOU Co. ity apas Wozicrac&'a CwrotweaSoo R> S. frid&wts; Westen bctsh faffafatia wfro m i retatani m Co dal coo&m by tb* C k e^atio al Dia* A Wanav, Werm Ssa a ette* Consulte* tp misi fa tee eaft Aimfarr--vUpal f a d tete mass* Tbfa cifiqp o% bdfat of tee teca- CHnd B. CUrfrc, Fy*e U CUrkc, Ai. fa n of tee Aasocfatm fra# faaofati a torace, .'rcrj sefarteadal nymdiUm ef Ifa*^ J. U Sarjroae, Cccrmd, llUao* Steel cocrcr a s i Ivtxh. l i fa te esvfatio Co. of a l d teme tee bave certi d lf fai* * .A C Kirte, Coooad, Qrtp*.28d* losad tea prosras* of fra' s o te -test Cfaaa Co, tfres frsope bare' l i s t e l l i iody valvable crvce u>tee tmpfor*** Or. J, A Brida, Soperrtaor ai Med of iBioofa icai Serrks. Istensfasal H w u ( u Co. Boote A m ttkaa Treter l- R- P eJld U , Q ef $ujr*eca, Note Va Cfad, of Vml Qe*i Brut, _Pm*5tedard <far 111* Co. *a assiistam * of robbir rabbor pred* Dr. A M. Harre7, Q ef S o r |K ,^ ' Cai -bo ctrnly rttsracd froe sa mtefionre trip- terejfr Serate Amar* Cbfrdc, Perw oad Dfaeclor, ka er lite ponMae.of extmdiar tb . C nae Co. trade f fri* orne*, ro R ai #w>da Br. C 0 . Sapeastea. CMUdtew la* tem tl * nm alttttm d la tbfe lTafaad*Stana * f a tndt acceptaace' fri 5owtfr A * - ILUNOrS INDUSTRIAL CCKfNCIL wMa.&aIfactKarKr*7 bciasttesfaBmwdfaA&dasckiitu sak* advudafc lo afri f t t e p ra te rs R ou Bowle, PresidtitiL East Side A*- frearaf tee same b l u asd aanHni wated ladasbiu, Ewt. Se lofae, a* are as4 m thefrr ocuarhc trw- aatkou. Tlic m n n Soste. AaMrictti J- L. Wacer, Vfac-PraWeat, Fox - cotttek r tb* N ona Areerfeao eertati R w V ilby U a n f a m i d A ? s rade axk r JnaaoMrt* 4 ttek- Anw, BU faace. ' . , L. . Roarlc,'Pr U u a fa rta m ^ te Mr, Va Cfaef*fa a Mifale la tee. JNfarthaafe Amo, Prona, U t CHcmo Credit N *sp pafated fa'te! MTh I W ird, A fa Xitrfa youc~ a bahdicip^ts tee A n c rk u aporta.' tertiV Aiis^ Alino. IH a tka dfatrintiaMioe fra tbereta ol ex- Hfclard W. Ga**, AehajK Seey, SeJk* cba&fe xfatt tee XMfa4 State* &> nQe Cfaacafrcr of Cownerct, Belle* favtar of db er osdte. iSe. 2U. A L Pfcrct. Ubc* ub. of Cbkato - B # C 2 t o i r l f a #ti1, l t Tbe' latcrticte Comcxrcx Cosati*- Hoy y Bofa, Decafar Aiaoc ta ol d m fra pOKpocd w v trik t-fa. hu *v fy wi pareteffer Iu te .. ,5qme ICC' MA. *f_ firwHH?Wrjkff !&{1SS^`r oSfatti* fcffccatt tear^'tbawfasar kr tara.n ip o ti* tefU R . K J m . m o Z o i x r U taaltc- Ifale aa I cesti a aoadt _t*rtar Amo, J S n JH fad I ccafa * sa2s- io c ''^ a u .'osacii H. J . Ztaixr, X w tiJ rt. Omm- ndca. Ki>a ljet,' M 0. C B eiao, nstKii VUcy Hura- b u o n i? Or. US1, m. B: C X s t r ^ W O ^ l b r t ' A iw a- C ^ ^ S ^ S A p U f r t' & S blb porr A sm , Brthdocd, ta, faKmoiesrCfaofrpraojreaaOticda'^ dAamtecslfaaa,k*pmT*temedij:-: *CAtadcorkjtata Ftifarstfa pcb^ se -pass: t h s Bu l l e t in d o w h t h E X E c u n y g u m fS Castleman Asbestos File on CRANE Co. w/c = with cover letter or memo If DATE = 0, undated CD-ROM Document #: Crane ^ DATE = a rtic le __letter fro m ___medical J ^ tr a d e journal published presentation from conference published governm ent report __Fed Register notice government inspection results unpublished or internal report unpublished presentation from conference newspaper article letter memorandum industry warning labels industry sales literature industry recommended practices agenda minutes attendee list l e g a l ____d e p o s it io n testim o n y of other ifrPr.TR/CTRUCKS d u //fiO BA7TEW ES W EU SS^Sf CO^SSi' S9BAL RECOUP/ m.H 2 11946 SOUTHERN D IV IS IO N OFFICE 915-101 M arietta Street Bldg., Atlanta, Ga. Soles Agents in New Orleans * St. Louis Dallas Ei Paso Houston BJuefteld !/ Now that wide war-time experience with unit loads has proved battery-powered electric trucks the most flexible, safe, cost saving equipment for handling materials and finished goods-- make this knowledge pay o ff! Go the whole way by powering your electric trucks with the amazing new Philco "Thirty", the high capacity battery that gives 30% longer life ! It will save you money. Write for the new Philco "Thirty" specification catalog. Philco Corporation, Storage Battery Division, Trenton 7, New Jersey LCO FOR 50 YEARS A LEADER IN I NDUSTRI AL S T O R A G E BATTERY DEVELOPMENT . 1 j ir \ ` ! % Jik ;t* I l 1{ .. itii u Editors-- Francis C. Smith Eugene W . O'Brien Southwestern Editor: Hunter R. Hughes, Jr. Production Mgr. \V E Cooglpr M anaging D ire c to r: E. \V. O 'B rien Business Representatives E. L. Rogers, 18 E a s t 4 8 th St., Room 1004, New York 17, N Y -- Phone, Plaza 8-2565 William K. H offm an, 26 Bowdoln St., Maplewood, N. J.-- Phone So. O range 2-2484. Maynard L. D urham , 67 Coving ton Road, B uffalo 16, N. Y.-- Phone, A m herst 6332. A. E. C. Sm ith, 206 A uditorium Building, Cleveland 14, Ohio -- Phone, Cherry 7352. P. 0 . E. Johnson, 188 N orth M ichigan Ave., Chicago 1, 111 -- Phone, C en tra l 4131 L B Chappell, A uditorium Bldg., 427 W est Oth St., Los A nge les, Calif. -- Phone, Tucker 6303. Hunter It. Hughes, J r., 1341 Lib erty Bank Bldg., Dallas, Texas.-- Phone, C entral 7673 Annual Subscription-- $1.00 Canada-- $1.50 ; Foreign $2.00 Published Monthly by W. R. C. SMITH PUBLISHING CO. Publishers also o f: Cotton, Electn'.ai South, Southern Hardware, southern Autom otive Journal, J. Rooke, P resid en t; R. : oniith, Executive Vice-Presiden i* v - M cA llister, V ice-Presiden O'B rien, Vice Presiden f - E. C. Sm ith, V ice-Presiden w,L . Cook, V ice-P resid en t: (J. . f^arpiess, T re a s u re r; A. F . Rc its, Secretary. Editorial and Executive O ffices g r an t building ATLANTA, GEORGIA CONTENTS Texas Fire Brick-- A New Plant with Modern Methods, By Hunter R. Hughes, Jr.................................................................. 44 Automatic Arc Welding, by R. M. Daniels............................................ 47 Low Temperature Refrigeration, by F. R. Zumbro and Terry Mitchell... 48 Music for Southern industry, by Hunter R. Hughes, Jr.......................... 52 Arkansas Solvent Extraction Plant, fey Jane 1. Gordon........................... 55 Automatic Roof Cooling, by Leonard A. Holder.................................. 56 Safe Handling of Barrels........................................................................ 59 Electronics Maintenance, by R. C. Roetger.......................................... 60 Dielectric Heating in Furniture Manufacturing, by W. H. Hickock........ 64 Industrial Hygiene, by N. V. Hendricks......................................................... 68 The G reat G am e of Getting Ahead, by Harry C . W alker....................... 82 Training Disabled Veterans ................................................................... 92 Rope Service Pays Dividends, by Russel Ralph...................................... 94 History of Power, by Carl J. Eckhardt, Jr............................................... 98 PRACTICAL DISCUSSION How Much Heat is L o s t..................... 64 Experience a Great Teacher , . . . . . , . . 78 .Efficiency from Lighting .........,.,..1 0 4 . Maintenance of Window Sash. .104 Taper in Tapped Holes . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 aving Leather with Pivbted Base... 104 Efficient Group Drive , .106 Motor Insulation Resistance ,..,* ...1 0 6 Keeping -File fyom Ologging. . . . . . . . . 106 B elt Slip on F an Drive ........................ .106 Slow Motion P ays ..................................106 R epairing Leaky F a u c e ts........................ 108 Placing Long Trolley B e a m .. . . . . . . . . 108 ,, . Stop for Stripping M achine.. . . . . . . . . 1 1 0 R epairing Selenium R e c tifiers............... 110 U nder W ater W elding . . . . . . . . . . . . ISO New -Sugar Process .............................. -181 TACTS AMD. T R E W S . DEPARTMENTS E W ' 8 ' O r T O T M O H J H ............................ 1 1 2 .BQTJIP-M EKT___ : .......................113 CATALOGS O r T H E M O U TH .............132 to t h e , a d v e r t ise r s . .. m sLft-s**'-. **;-. V t - ; *,-/ '.~C` ;- v r-" - - ' 3 IN D U S T R IA L H Y G IE N E ------------ Control of Working Environment is Important This third installment is a discussion of the working environment -- its problems, their 'eoluation, and recommended c o n tr o l. EVERY important factor in fluencing our lives and one which is given little consideration is the environment in which we work. The general environment dictates our requirements as to the clothes we wear, the food we eat, and to a certain extent our mode of living. The average individual will spend at least eight hours a day at some occupation. The re maining portion of the day is usually spent at home. It is obvious that two distinct problems of en vironment exist: the home or com munity, and the working environ ment. There are certain safeguards thrown about the community as providing safe drinking water, proper sewage disposal, collection and disposal of other wastes in cluding garbage, and immunization programs. The importance of these protective procedures in a com munity has been long recognized. Their accomplishment is measured in terms of reduced death rates from various communicable di seases. Some diseases which in the past have taken great toll of life B y JV. V. Hendricks Chief Engineer Industrial Hygiene Service, Georgia D epartm ent of Public H ealth have by these methods been re duced to a point of minor signi ficance. As civilization has pro gressed with an accompanying complexity in our living, the neces sity for public safeguards in the community has been given more and more consideration. It is only through these approaches that the proper public health measures for the community environment can be applied. For a number of years, consid eration has been given to the de velopment of certain methods by which the working environment of an individual may be modified or adjusted to more healthful working conditions. Many plant op erations by the very nature of the materials processed and by the mechanics of the operation pro duce an atmosphere of toxic or otherwise harmful substances. The final objective in any industrial hygiene program is the alleviation of health hazards incident to in dustrial operations by the use of scientific methods. Occupational Diseases Industrial operations require the use of many materials, some of which are toxic and produce harm ful effects on individuals who are exposed to them. In addition, there are certain physical conditions which exercise harmful effects on the worker. The deleterious effects produced by these materials and conditions may, in a broad sense, be termed occupational diseases. In some states, industry has been legally responsible for the effect on the worker which is brought about from such exposures. Where legal responsibility has been desig nated, codes or schedules have been established for a rate of compensa tion covering occupational diseases. Such codes vary from all inclusive loss to those which cover only specific occupational diseases. 68 SOUTHERN POWER & INDUSTRY fo r JANUARY, 1946 In considering the potential de velopment of occupational diseases and the responsibility and cost in cident. management cannot escape the fact that the condition of the working environment is an eco nomic factor expressed in terms of the overall cost of production. Proper consideration to the status of the environment, in many cases, will directly lower the cost. Recog nizing these facts, management should take every possible means of improving and controlling the working environment. For many occupational diseases there is no known medication and the logica! method of control is the adjust ment of the working environ ment in order that the exposuie from which occupational diseases result may be removed. Processing And The Environment The working environment in any plant will be dependent on these factors'. (1) materials, (2) process ing methods, and (3) process equip ment. Many of the raw and pro cessing materials used in industry are specifically toxic and toxic compounds are often liberated as by-products of certain operations. In any case, the type material and its presence in the working atmo sphere will determine the existence of a hazard. Fortunately most pro cessing 'materials are non-toxic. However, with many industries it is impossible to avoid the use of certain specific compounds which FUME REMOVAL SYSTEM FOR EXHAUSTING FUMES FROM PICKLING TANKS are known to produce harmful effects on individuals exposed to them. The method of processing is im portant as it will determine the ex tent to which materials are dis persed into the working atmo sphere. Important factors associ ated with process methods in clude: (1) temperatures required for various operations, (2) agita tion and other mechanical details, and (3) specific operations where by-products are formed and liber ated. Equipment plays an important role in determining dispersion since the design of such units may call for open or closed operations, rotation at high speed or close or frequent observation on the part of the operator. Specific design would determine the extent to which certain control installations such as local exhaust ventilation might be applied. OPERATOR EMPTYING SAG OF CARBON BLACK INTO BANBURY MIXER BEFORE AND AFTER INSTALLATION OF DUST AND FUME REMOVAL SYSTEM. 70 SOUTHERN POWER & INDUSTRY fo r JANUARY, 1946 Environment Problems Of importance to industry is the matter of controlling dust. For tunately, there are relatively few types of dust which are specifically toxic. The more important from an industrial standpoint are silica, as bestos and finely divided salts of toxic metals, such as lead. Silica and Dust Exposures to free silica are more important from the standpoint of population exposed and deserve more consideration than those to asbestos dust. However, asbestos dust is just as toxic as free silica. Wherever sand or materials con taining free silica are processed, exposure to the dust is likely to result. This is especially true in foundry operations, abrasive clean ing, blasting, and the like. Suffi cient exposure to concentrations of free silica often results in the pro duction of fibrotic growths in the lungs of the exposed individual. This condition is known as silicosis and is one of the prime disabling occupational diseases and has cost industry considerable sums of money for compensation. Asbestos dust although specif ically toxic, does not result in a numerically great number of ex posures due to its infrequent in dustrial applications. However, in the production of asbestos cloth and other products, a serious prob lem of dust control is presented. Certain heavy metals and their salts produce specific toxic reac tions. Many industries employ lead and cadmium, and their application to plant operation usually results in the creation of an actual or po tential exposure. Lead compounds are particularly important in such operations as the manufacture of storage batteries, printing indus tries, and the production of paints or pigments. Gases Gases are usually classified as either asphyxiant or irritant. In dustrially the more important as phyxiants include carbon monox ide, hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen cyanide. Of these, carbon monoxide occurs more frequently. This gas is associated with the combustion of carbonacious materials and is ex tremely toxic. On entry into the body it exerts an affinity for hem oglobin which is about 300 times the affinity of oxygen resulting in a tremendous decrease in the abili ty of the blood to carry oxygen and Produces a condition of as phyxia. The more common irritants found in industry include sulfur dioxide, chlorine, ammonia, and the oxides of nitrogen. Although these gases are extremely toxic, they are suf ficiently irritating so that the in dividual exposed usually has some warning as to their presence. Under these conditions the worker can normally remove himself from the exposure before too much damage is done. However, these materials do occur frequently in industry and the importance of ex posures to them should not be minimized. Vapors Vapors come from organic com pounds both of the aliphatic and aromatic series. They play a tre mendously important part in mod ern production and their number and use is limited only by the ingenuity of the chemist. They are used widely as degreasing agents, intermediates, solvents and clean ing compounds. Most of these materials are ex cellent fat solvents, and on entry into the body tend to go to the nervous system. This is true of the aliphatic series, including distil lates and petroleum. From the standpoint of pure toxicity, prob ably the most important of these materials would include benzol, its homologues and the chlorinated compounds. Sufficient exposure to these compounds results in chronic disturbance and in some cases dis ability. Mist* Acid and alkaline mists are as sociated with plating, stripping and cleaning. Chromic acid mist is probably the most important of this class of material and results from electroplating, anodizing and similar operations. Exposure to such mists may result in perfora tion of the nasal septum, and if cuts or abrasions are present on the exposed parts, ulcers may de velop. Fumes Fumes are usually associated with welding, cutting, or other op. erations where metals are heated to high temperatures. From an ip. " dustrial standpoint, lead, zinc, and cadmium are probably the most important. Atmospheric fumes of this type are often found around pouring of brass, welding or burn ing of galvanized metal or on high : temperature operations involving ' surfaces coated with lead bearing paint. The physiological response to the inhalation of these materials may vary considerably. The less serious condition is known as metal fume fever which carries symptoms of zinc oxide. It is of short duration and no permanent tissue damage is done. The more serious condi tions arise from the exposure to fumes or metals which are specifi cally toxic. Physical Conditions Physical conditions such as working positions, temperature, humidity and abnormal pressures, play an important part in the abil ity of the worker to produce. The correction of such conditions is primarily a problem of engineer ing and when given proper consid eration will do much toward in creasing production and lowering costs, through improvement of quality of the final production, re duction of spoilage, and increase in the final plant safety. Evaluation of Environment In order to properly evaluate the exposures in an industrial plant, a detailed engineering study and analysis is required. Such a study in the form of an industrial hygiene survey is a mechanical means by which the plant is ob served department by department for the purpose of noting occupa tional hazards and unsafe practices so that they may be appraised. Such a survey should include a work analysis, analytical procedure rating of hazards, analyses of the hazards and reco m m en d atio n s for control. The work analysis should be made by noting each and every job carried out in the plant, method of process, and hazardous conditions to which each worker 74 SOUTHERN POWER & INDUSTRY for JANUARY, 1946 ited op ted ininti iOit f of md rnlgh ing tng in e lay ms me of .on ge dito fi- as re. 2 S. il- he ; is T- 1 Ct rl- ) i& of e- J te 3l V a ii a >- 1 it ts 3. a e r V V 5 r 6 COMMON PRO CESSING M ATERIALS W ITH SAFE CONCENTRATION AND P H Y S I OLOGICAL SYMPTOMS TOXIC M ATER IAL INDUSTRIAL USE SAFE CONCENTRATIONS PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE Acrolein Ammonia Aniline* Arsenic Compounds Bromine Benzol Cadmium Carbon Disulfide Carbon Monoxide Carbon Tetrachloride Chlorinated Diphenyls Chlorine j Chlorobenzene i Chromium Compounds fcHhylono Dichloride Formaldehyde Hydrochloric Acid Hydrogen Sulfide Lead Mercury Silica Dust (Free) Sulfur Di o \i<i. Suhi*-i' At id Tohi.-n- Zit,< ( **gu u ft s y n t h e s i s '. inly m il ita ry gnat-s , soap and v a rn is h ; fertili/.er. Organic preparations ; refrigeration ; hron//ii - , dye And tnlur m fg .. sug.ir refining O rg a n h ty m li c .- K ; dye m fg ; in* ami vai ntkh; d isinfectants; explosives. I'.iini .iml pijcni.-nfs, le ather in d u s t r y ; in'et 1i t i d e s . mmini: ami .smelling, aye- and xnruiah mfg. Oriraiiii >ynt Imsis; d yes ; bromides: e x plosives. S i d \ . m , paint .uul v a r n i' h remuv*rs>, dy e ; vjiinisl* mfg , rubber industry. Alloys. cadmium Mills, electro p lating; storage batteries; lend ami /im smelting Solvent; mfg v i'io 'c rayon, varnishes, insecticides; carbon tetrachloride. M f g u-on s.nd s te el ; ena mel ; illu m in ati ng ifiiv; l.jjn dpi ra t i o n . smelting. S o K e n t , mfg ch-auing c om pou nds , riyi . p ai nt and Uveque-r imluUrieb, Electrical equipment; lacquer mfg.; paints, wax mfg. Organic synthcM.s; textile bleaching; water purification; chlorination, Solvent for cellulose acctale, rosins, oils, fats; dry cleaning. D y e i n g ; m e t a l lu r g y , eb-t 11 uplahm;. prim ing, tanning. Organic synthesis; soh en ts. thinner for lacquers. Organic synthesis; dyes; rubbei goods, le at h er ; ay nt he tu re-sina and la cq a eis . Leather industry, organic .synthesis; dye stuffs, mfg. chlorides. Reagent; analytical chemistiy; inyon spuming; leather tanning, and smelting; paper mfg. m m osi* mining Chemical equipment lead pigments; alloys; storage battery mfg.; insecticides. Prep, mercury salts, scientific inxfuments, chemical piocessine Foundries; stone mdustvy; abrasive d en n ing, blasting. IvHfrigoration . bleat l u n g . cellulose: p a p e r . mining and smelting. Fertilizers; refining, explosives; organic synthesis; leather; texhU s, chemicals. S o h e n t ; paint and x.trm.-b: organic prep arntions: dye and varnish; rubber industry. M etallurgy; galvanizing, brass found: s-smeUing. J.U ppm jnp ppm fj.ti ppm l.r> m g / M ` ! 0 ppm Hill ppm ( U nijr/M110 ppm 3 0 0 ppm JnO ppm 3 .0 mg/M" 3 .0 ppm 7 5 ppm . mg/M" 3 0 0 ppm `JO p]>m 10 ppm JO ppm 0 .1 f> m g / M : 0 1 mg/M" 6,000,000 P.P c.f l(i ppm J ') ppm 200 ppm >' >"S/M irritation of skin ami imini i- membranes of eyes and vt-spii-aiovy tract. dyspnea, bronchitis. i rr i t a t io n of re sp ira to ry piiv>age*. cough, put- monary edem.i, sev^n irritation, caustic ;n tiun on skin. Mll.sciilur uea kn i-'S , vertigo. i\m>Ms l.iini ing. ne rv ous sym ptom s, loss ot eqiulibi mm, mtUsCA, vomit ing , du vn b ea. P a in s in sto math , vomiting. di-nihe.i, ite.td ache, gastric disturbances, >kiu discuses, loss uf hair, weakness. i r r i t a t i o n of an ]jas.>,ig*->t burnt hn is , c o n ju m tivitis, skin viuptiuMs, diseoltmition uf skin Headache and vertigo, gnslr> intestinal dis turbances. hemorrhages, injury to blood form m g organs with changes in blood picture, in jury to blood vessels, heart, liver, kidneys, eti. Loss of appetite, weakness, nausea, inflam mation of the lungs, cough, siiienes.s of chest Headache, vertigo, u eakness. mental disturb ances, irritation of skin. Headache, palnfulness of eyebill. throbbing of temples, weakness, nausea, vomiting, invreuscd respiration and pulse, collapse. Irritation of nose, throat and eves, uausea, headache, vomiting, confusion, narcosis, injury to liver, dermatitis Aeneform skin eruptions, jaundice and atrophy of liver. Acute cardiac puialyxis, burning, cough, bronchitis, chronic anemia, bronchial catarrh. blistering, nasal and Headache, giddiness. Blood changes. B r o n c h it i s ; bronchopneumonia, anemia, m*ph ritis, uh-ers of s km and membrane, perfora tion of nasal septum. Irritation of eyes and nose, vertigo, uncon* h<ionsn`s>. and death if exposure ts prolonged Irritation of mucous membranes, conjunctivitis, severe dermatitis, degeneration of liver. Coughing, bronchitis, destruction of teeth, con traction of throat. ciutMK action on skin. Con junc tiv iti s, exhaustion, pallor, pain in eyes, nose and throat; headache, corvulsions, paral ysis. Weakness, pallor, loss of appetite, lead line, aupmin, constipation, tramps, folia. I nf la mm at ion ot gums and mucous menthtau>* of the mouth, n c u o s t s ot tht j n n . enteritis, anemia, trenunss of the hands and face. Fib rotic lung tissue, development of .silicosis. Bvo reh Uis . coug hing , la ry n gU i s brone.hopimumonin, d ige -ti\e disorders Acute and chrouu bronchitis, brouchopneumonin. d e m y of teeth On tin* skin. pain, edema and ulc-ntUon. Narcotic effect, headache, vertigo. gns(rointestinni dis tm bances, injury to lixei and nervous system. Metal fum e fo v o rs ; ivrtltvtion of re>jnrkvt.v tfiH-l. hea dache, tinnsea. chills, pnin m hnih.s ` DTK }' 1' M -- 1'a r N c! ub't.iiif.> jut million |>:n t ' of ai r bv viilumc m - |i c f = Millions o(, p a u ie k -s of s u b M . i i .v >-r cub it {ui>< r*i nit m g /M 1 - - M ilhg i.un- of .xul>Mam<- per ( u b i <- tit ter of air SOUTHERN POWER & INDUSTRY fo r JANUARY, 1946 75 is exposed. Toxic materials v.hen present are investigated from the standpoint of the liberation into the atmosphere; physical state, whether or not the employee is re quired to be in the area where this material is dispersed, and the probable effect on the individual. Analytical procedures usually in clude the collection of field samples and their analysis and the comple tion of other measurements when necessary. Atmospheric samples are collected from the breathing zone of the exposed worker and are taken in such manner as to be representative of average working conditions. Actual sampling and analysis of the atmosphere is the only scientific means by which a known exposure may be ac curately evaluated. Some toxic ma terials make their presence known by odor and other properties, but these do not offer a means of de termining their concentrations. The rating of a hazard or ex posure is a measurement to de termine the degree of a condition and the effectiveness of existing control methods. Much work has been done in establishing safe per- missable concentrations for some of the more common toxic ma terials These threshold values of fer a means of determining the ex tent of individual exposures. By an analysis of processing methods, rat ing of hazards and study of ef ficiency of existing corrective measures, a baseline for adequate control procedures may be estab lished. In most cases processing methods will determine the type control indicated. Application of Data When the industrial hygiene study has been completed and ob servations and data analyzed, it is necessary to translate this infor mation into terms of specific con trol procedures. Unless these data finally result in corrective meas ures, a great waste of time and ef fort will take place. Although the plant or process engineer may not be primarily concerned with ac tivities other than strictly process ing, this individual should take ad vantage of information obtained through the industrial hygiene sur vey. In many cases, a study of environmental conditions under which a job is carried out will of- ler the production engineer a means of increasing the efficiency of the particular operation. The plant engineer should also be concerned with the industrial hygiene information because the control procedures applied will be based on an analysis of these find ings. The design and installation of such control procedures as local exhaust ventilation should be worked out with the plant engineer in order that the final installation may be entirely consistent with processing requirements. Control Procedures Hazards associated with indus trial operations can either be eliminated or reduced to harmless limits by the application of public engineering methods. Procedures for the control of such exposures usually consists of one of the fol lowing: Isolation of the process. Fre quently a job which is productive of dust or tends to disperse other materials into the work area can be removed and located at a point so that the liberation of such ma terial will not contaminate the gen eral working atmosphere. It is oc casionally possible to close off in dividual operations so as to isolate them from other areas and control the exposure. Substitution of non-toxic ma terial occasionally offers a good method of alleviating specific ex posures. Where toxic materials are used and it is possible to replace them with non-toxic substitutes, the exposure can be removed in the easiest possible way. Wet methods can sometimes be applied. These are frequently used in the stone industry in drilling, crushing, and grinding. Where ma terials being processed must be kept in the dry state, this method is obviously eliminated. Personal protective equipment offers an excellent control pro cedure where the exposure is in frequent or of a short duration. Where this type of equipment is used, care should be exercised in its selection in order that the equip ment used be designed for the particular exposure. Only equip ment which bears the stamp of approval of the U. S. Bureau of Mines should be purchased. Some exposures may be con trolled by means of general veny. laiion. By this procedure a suffi cient amount of air is introduced into the work area to dilute the contaminant to a point below the toxic limit. This method has cer tain disadvantages, such as the handling of excessive amounts 0f air, and the failure to reduce con centrations of the material at its point of liberation. It is usually at or close to the point of liberation where real exposure occurs and general ventilation, in most cases does not correct this situation. Local exhaust ventilation offers the most effective and generally the most efficient means of con trolling individual exposures. A hood or similar type of collecting device is located as close as pos sible to the point of liberation of the contaminant and sufficient air handled in order to remove this material in such a manner that it is not dispersed into the work area. This type control should remove the material before it has an oppor tunity to come into the breathing zone of either the worker on the individual job or the workers in the surrounding area. In considering the matter of local exhaust ventilation, it is high ly essential that these installations be properly designed and engi neered. In too many cases hoods and the entire exhaust systems are installed by mechanics or other individuals in the plant and no thought is given to their design or the principles on which they should operate. Unless such systems are based on good engineering design there is no assurance that the in stallation will operate in such man ner as to control the exposure The next article of this series w ill cover organic solvents and similar in dustrial materials, their properties and uses as they influence the en vironment and health of the worker using them. 1945 INDEX A vailable to Subscribers If you keep your back issues -- write the editors for a free copy of this Index h'ff Pay 76 SOUTHERN POWER & INDUSTRY for JANUARY, 1946 For "User's Choice" of Piping . . . it's the Compiete CRANE Line Piping systems operate under varying conditions. What con ditions should dictate your choice of piping materials, you can best determine. Then Crane helps you meet those specific requirements with the world's largest line of valves, fittings, pipe and piping accessories for all applications. By dem onstrating the merits of all types of materials, Crane, with 90 years' experience, enables you to choose correctly for every need. Ordering from the Crane line simplifies all piping jobs. Your Crane branch or' Wholesaler supplies all materials. You're sure to get a better installation and better performance with all parts of uniform quality, backed by single responsibility. This complete Crane service is made-to-order for your peacetime program. ---------- - p ip in g to b e a t e x c h a n g e r SSkViCS RECOMMENDATIONS: Crone S ta n d a r d Iron B od y G lo b e a n d A n g le V a lv e * m eet all g en era l service requirements with w orking pressures up to 125 pounds steam. Brass-trimm ed valves a.re recom m ended for steam , w ater, and fluids n on -corrosive to brass or iron; all-iron Valves for fluids that corrod e brass but n ot iron . A lso a v a ila b le w ith ch oice o f com position discs for steam, hot water, cold water, air, oil, and other services. In sizes from 2 in. up--w ith screw ed o r flanged ends. Crane a lso m akes iron b o d y g lo b e and an gle valves in all-iron; w ith brass trim; and with com position disc;in sizes from K to 2 in. Rated at 150 pounds steam , 2 50 pounds cold. See your Crane catalog. Pages 143 to 15 L. CRANE CO., General Offices; 836 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago 5, III. Branches and WholesalersServingAll Industrial Areas C R A N E SOUTHERN POWFR * iKiniKTDY t~. U k tlU DV m J t VALVES FITTINGS PIPE PLUMBING HEATING PUMPS Castieman Asbestos File on CRANE Co. w/c = with cover letter or memo If DATE = 0, undated CD-ROM Document #: Crane ( 1 DATE j? a rtic le __letter fro m ___m e d ic a l__ trade journal published presentation from conference published governm ent report __Fed Register notice government inspection results unpublished or internal report unpublished presentation from conference newspaper artiple letter J ^ r r i e m rand urn industry warning labels tJ/ industry sales literature industry recommended practices agenda minutes attendee list l e g a l ____d e p o s it io n testim o n y of other MEMORANDUM MR. LINCOLN VICE PRESIDENT AND GENERAL COUNSEL. February 27, 19J5 Yesterday I suggested that Dr. Lanza and I would lik e to go over our current a c t i v i t i e s and c erta in recent developments in the f ie ld o f dust in industry, in a conversation with you, so th a t a l l angles o f the s itu a tio n could be considered in connection w ith our routine a c t i v i t i e s and sp e c ia l appropriations. Dr. Lanza has endeavored to summarize h is views in the attached memorandum, and i t occurs t o me," i f you have tim e, that i t w ill be helpfu l to look th is over prior to our conference. Tie could then no doubt, g e t th e b e n e fit o f your r e a ctio n s in a very few m inutes, and can perhaps.present certa in an gles o f the situ a tio n more-compactly in t h is memorandum than could be done in conversation, -y- - . . v ' , . I suggested a r e p ly to General Cunning*s l e t t e r concern in g the s i l i c o s i s research with." the Public Health Service th a t i n - - dicated the b e lief^ tta tlp u r.participation in th is particular activity.^ should be terminated,, unless"tba p articipation o f other agencies' ' might la t e r seem t o j u s tify '.o u f -continuation on. a. m odified b a s is . T h e .fie ld i s r e a lly ' o f" g rea t importance, and a l i t t l e 'ntale^ in the research aspect of...it"""*Jointly w ith the- l e ading'Government agency in th e f i e l d , may a c tu a lly be'"'qtdte'advantageous and l o g ic a l in view - 7 o f the sig n ific a n c e o f the" dust .'problem to , our ex ten siv e Group and I n d u str ia l in te r e sts' and i n view o f the" rou tin e "services now carried ' ou t by tb s I n d u str ia l H ealth S ection prim arily fo r Group policyholders, and "largely i n t h is du st f i e l d , as in d icated by Dr. Lanza' s memorandum. D. B. Armstrong, H.D. Third Vic0-P re sid en t. kT D F .. ARM STHOJG T H IR D V IC E P R 5S ID 12T r^'f/> ?/ ^ With referen ce to our recent conversation, I w ill endeavor to summarize the p resen t sta tu s o f the dust question in industry and our re lation to i t . *, Viewed broadly, the problem of dunt in industry i s the problem o f tu b ercu lo sis in in d u stry . Conversely, i t nay be stated that the prohlem o f tu b ercu lo sis in t h is country today is an in d u str ia l one. I t i s true that the'; death r a te iron tu b e r cu lo sis in general hns been s te a d ily fa llin g for a nuraber o f y e a r s . I t ia a ls o true that the v i t a l s t a t i s t i c s in th is country and abroad show d e f in i t e l y an inordinate amount o f tu b ercu losis in hat might bo summarized as th e dusty trad es. The s p e c if ic a c tio n o f s i l i c a dust i s w ell known as i s the fa c t th at ^ those exposed to s i l i c a dust have an extremely high tubercu losis doath rate.-rT * In the l a s t few y e a r s, th ere has been an extraordinary number o f damage su its-;! brought by employees a g a in st employers on the b a s is o f exposure to s i l i c a d u st' so th a t a t th e p resen t tim e i t i s estim ated th a t th e se damage s u its are w e ll^ in ex cess o f $10 0 , 000, 000. How there i s a very marked tendency o f employees who are expfeSed to dust other than s i l i c a dust to bring damage s u its a gain st t h e ir employers, a lle g in g pulmonary injury and t h is s ta te o f a f fa ir s has pro gressed to a p o in t where whole in d u stries are in a turm oil, handicapped on the'-1 one hand by la ck o f d e f in it e knowledge o f the a ction o f these dusts on the lungs; and on th e other by the inadequacy o f th e law to p ro tect then. The M etropolitan has had a co-op erative agreement with the Public . Health S ervice (form erly with the Bureau,of. Mimes) to carry on dust stu d ie s . --* As th e budget was o r ig in a lly s e t up.for. th e'P ich er C lin ic , the mine operators^ . (Group p o licy h o ld ers) .contributed $16,000 a y e a r , the Government $8,000 a year^j .and the M etropolitan $8,000 a 'yea r. l a t e r when,the Picher C lin ic mis turned'; over to the operators, our relationship with the Public Health Service continue Both we and the P ub lic Health Service contribute $8,CC0 a year' for co-operative j dust studies. " " 1 '' TTe have a lso contributed $5,0C0 a year for several years to the Saranac Laboratory for the Study of Tuberculosis for studies cn the pathologies e f f e c t s o f d u s ts . L ast yea r, t h is o f f ic e was instrum ental in gettin g both the' A ssociation o f Stock Casualty Ccmapnies and the A ssociation of Mutual Casualty Companies each to con trib u te $ 5 ,C00 a year. The o b je ct o f th ese stu d ies, p a r tic u la r ly a t Saranao, has been to in crease our knowledge o f the action of s i l i c a dust in the body, i t s relation sh ip to tu b e r cu lo sis, and th e determining o f methods o f prevention and control o f " the s i l i c a dust hazard. With respect to the Public Health Service, we have beor A more concerned with formulating accurate and apeedy methods o f determining rrhaihg any given dust i s harmful and as a matter o f f a c t , such a technique has been SA- ;y. rear. w l jV . . Arj^trAn;-; ifcv*-lr pcd by Dr. Say are hJ b is asaocict.es. All kinds of dust f.uve been tcrteu by t h is method, including lim estone, k a o lin ite , c s J c ite , trir.c-li, yreccj soapstone, carborundum, anthracite co a l, bituminous coni, r r e c ip ita to r ash ,' ta lc , Foundry d u st, f u lle r s earth , feld sp ar, ashes to s, and others too numerous to rr.cn- iio n , but a l l rep resentin g due to to be found in -various plants of our Groun policyholders. * Our In d u str ia l hygiene Section i s being continually consulted on the Ef\ tech n ica l a sp e c ts o f wording of proposed laws, regu lation s, and cedes dealing with the dust problem. For several y ea rs, th is Section has been engaged in .-t-* f ie l d s tu d ie s designed to deternine the scope, se v e r ity , and the hazard from s i l i ~ " cn dust and other' d u sts in in d u stria l p la n ts. Kost o f those stu d ie s have been r e s t r ic t e d to th e pian ti o f Group p olicyholders in accordance with our declared p o lic y . Where stu d ie s have been made on an industry wide b a s is, they have in cluded p la n ts n o t covered .by Group insurance. I might mntlon, for instance, the study o f th e fou n d ries in W isconsin and the preliminary a sb estos study. The "~l ; I n d u str ia l hygiene S ectio n i s now engaged in completing the f in a l study cn as b e sto s and w i l l then take up th e ceramic industry in New York S ta te . This latter.' study w i l l in clu d some of..our.im portant Group policyholders such aa the General h E e le c tr ic ' Company, th e Carborundum Company, the Corning C lass Company, and otheraj ` So im portant has th in .su b ject become and so great i s the in te r e s t taken, v" in i t th a t i n January o f t h is y e a r , a conference was held a t the Mellon I n s titu te in P ittsb u rg h , t o .which were in v ite d rep resen ta tiv es o f e ig h ty -fiv e in d u stries .% and manufacturing p la n ts , f o r .the purpose o f considering what might be dene in .th' way o f concerted a c tio n d ealin g with research in to the medical asp ects o f the dust problem, engin eerin g methods fo r th e control o f .dust hazards, and le g a l pro-.. - cedures w ith r e feren ce to law s, codes, and reg u la tio n s. About two hundred repre-^ -. se n ta tiv e a o f va rio u s in d u str ie s were present a t t h is meeting and a Temporary .ComX-' m ittee was formed, c o n sistin g o f one rep resen tative each from the follow in g i n - ' dustries: *. A sbestos, Cork and n o n -c e ta llic j Chemical, Abrasives, Alloy and non-ferrous m etals; Foundries; G lass Sand, Ground Sand and Glass Manufacturers; (5) Iron , S te e l end Iron Cre (6) Limestone, Cement end Gypsum (7) R e fr a c to r ie s, Ceramics and Cltys The Chairman o f t h is Committee i s Mr. P.oger A. E itch inc, President of th American R e fr a cto r ie s I n s t it u t e , and the organization work was la r g e ly done by j Mr. A. W. Sherwood, Vice President o f the O w ens-Illinois Glass Company, and hea^j ing up the g la s s sand, and ground pAnd and g la ss manufacturers. ' vtf __ L ast week, Mr. Sherwood and Mr. H itchins spent an aftonloon with ma> uh-; lin in g th e ir plans and endeavoring to formulato th e ir procedure. It,.was modo_per4?~ -T. /.rr.'stiong - rep resen t are looking to the M etropolitan for advice and leodershi-. in f,his c decvor to s e t up a co-ordinatin g agency to deal with dust problems. Mr. Hite s t o l l me th a t ho had received a l e t t e r fr e e Mr. G entholis, Ccunsel for the hetubl ic f'te el Company, sta tin g that h is Company would not be in terested in th is F ittstur.rj.lan u n le ss I wore a sso cia ted with i t ; a lso that he had received a l e t t e r to s i 1lu r e f f e c t from Mr. E, 0 . Jones cn b eh alf of the National Founders A ssociation. I to ld Mr. K itchin s and Mr. Sherwood th a t 1 would be glad to be o f any easiVie ' help in th e way o f advice and co n su lta tio n but that I could nc.t . r.terest myself = in t h is undertaking in any more a c tiv e tray. j -- **! N atu rally, i t i s our la r g e Group policyholders who have the nest v it a l ' * in t e r e s t in t h is whole dust problem, such as the General E le c tr ic Company, the flestinghousa E le c tr ic Company, Jones and Laughlin, Pickans-Mather, General Motors,"' . C leveland C l i f f s Iron Company, Union Carbide and Carbon Corporation, the gypsum ; and cement companies. Since t h is m eeting, I have been consulted by representatives * o f both th e Republic Steel,Company and the American Car and Foundry Company, b o th y ^ in c id e n t a lly , very a c tiv e p rospects fo r Group insurance- Appended to t h is memorandum' i s a l i s t o f the various persons who p a r tic i-v pated in the; M ellon In stitu te^ m eetin g . I mention a l l th is to shew how w ide-spread^ and a c t iv e i s th e in t e r e s t o f th e se la rg e manufacturing companies, cany o f rhem are'i numbered among our Group p o lic y h o ld e r s. ^ In a paper presen ted before the N ational Tuberculosis Association two y e a r s ago,-Lanza and Vane estim ated on a conservative b a sis th a t there were ever h a lf a m illio n in d u s tr ia l workers' exposed to s i l i c a du3t and th a t the problem o f_ --y fam ily in f e c t io n due to in c id e n t tu b ercu losis in many in stan ces i s a serious o n e ? ^ ' I do not know whether th is , e f f o r t to s e t up a co-ordinating agency to -A* deal w ith d u st problems i n in d u stry w i l l be su c c essfu l or n o t. I am in clin ed t o " '- '* thin k t h a t th e re are p o ssib ly too many divergent in te r e s ts represented in the * -v# group th a t was brought to g eth er a t Pittsburgh to g e t concerted a ction from them;' But th e re i s no'.question in my mind th a t many o f th e 'la r g e s t in d u stries in the ' 1 1 country a re-lo o k in g t o the M etropolitan as the one place where they can g e t accur-rt a te and im personal guidance in dealin g with the problem th at a t present i s a serious^ menace ,to them from an economic standpoint. This i s true a lso o f the casualty in - J surnnee companies with whose rep resen ta tiv es both Dr. McConnell and I have had many r conferences in the p ast two y e a r s. ir As you w e ll know, we have been extremely carefu l to keep away from a l l ^ l i t i g a t i v o and l e g i s l a t i v e m atters and there i s a p retty general r e a liza tio n now in in d u stry th at we cannot be approached on these two phases o f the subject. The e f f e c t o f t h is has been, I th in k , to strengthen our p osition ; there is a general f e e lin g th a t we have no ax to grind and that our motives are in accord with cur _ .1 gen eral p o lic y o f being w illin g to -h elp as far as p r a ctica b le, in any undertaking-eg th a t has to do with the conservation o f human l i f e . - Br. hn.,strong - 4 r/ith respect to our relationship with the Public Health Service, I can q u ite understand th a t i t may not be expedient to continue further our present r e la tio n sh ip . I do think; that wo should have sons in te r e s t in re search work in .t h e general f i e l d o f dust d i s e a s e s . February 27, 1935 A asistant'liedical Director V- V V f -'* $ . ] ///- a t S i li c o s is Mooting ^ sr~ A ig ettin g er, Arthur, Southern "hel Company, 230 Park J-venue, Now York, H. Y, A lle n , C. H ., S ta ff Supervisor, Safoty & Training, The American R olling B i l l Company, Middletown, Ohio. A llen , W. B ., Personnel director, Simonds Saw and S te e l Company, I.ockporfc, N, I , Ames, W, F ., Manager o f Compensation, Bethlehem S te o l Company, I n c ., Bethlehem, P- Anderson, M. M., Aluminum Company o f America, Gulf Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. Atwood, F . II., ilarbison-Walkor R efractories Co., Farmers Bunk B uilding, Pittsburgh, Pa. Avey, Ban M., (American Foundrymen's A ssoc.) Ponton P ublishing Company, C leveland, Ohio. a y ers, E. M., President, Ayers Mineral Company, Z a n esv illo , Ohio, Banker, E. 0 . , Gen. S u p t,, Panna. G lass Sand Corporation, Huntingdon, Pa. . ................. .. . Barmiaj- hit 'ipMa c.r| lo u n go to w h't'& Tute lourigstovrti t o .......v .*8 :. : S z # .......... B arrett, L. P ., Jones & Laughlin -Steel Company, 201 J . & L. B u ilding, Pittsburgh, Pa. Bartholomew, Tracy, Buquc-sno Slag Company, diamond Bank B uilding, Pittsburgh, Pa. Beal, Goo. ., A s s 't. d irector, Rollon In stitu to , Pittsburgh, Pa. Bonnott, R. H ., Tho Bolden Brick Company, Canton, Ohio. Berg, Br. Chas. F ., (United nngineoring & Foundry) 858 Lockhart S tr ee t, N .S ., Pittsburgh, Pa. Buyer, R. A ., Central Tubo Company, Ambridgo, Pa. Bidw oll, R. E ., P residan t, Abingdon Sanitary Mfg. Co., Abingdon, 111. Blank, E. F . , Jonos & Laughlin S tool Company, 511 Ross S tr e e t, Pittsburgh, Pa. Ulommai'3, P ., II. II. ivoburtson Company, P.QOO Grant B ld g ., Pittsburgh, Pa. (Bolo, Ralph 0 ., turgii.- Ba. eLvis^..,: f j x iCTS ' M'., . * i '` Bovard, Dr, Paul G., Alleghany S ta o l Company, Brackonridge, Pa. C lrr, R. Linn, Fodoral Seaboard Terra Cotta Corp., lYoodbrldgo, N. J, Brandt, A. D ., W illson Products, In c,, .loading, Pa. Brown, M artin, vUnited Zinc Smutting Corporation) ju n u sv illo , V7. Va. Drown, Vandiver, Jolms-M anville Corporation, :i. lSa3t 40th S tr u c t, Now York, N. Y. Burke, J . E ., P resident, N ational Ready Mixed Concreto a s s o c ., 1. K . Davison Sc B r o ., 42nd & Davison S t r e a t s , Pittsburgh, Pa. Collord, George L., Tho Shonor,go Furnace Company, 812 O liver Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. Couchnan, A. R ., (Crushed Stone, Sand & Gravel 4 Slag Industries) 1004 Baltimore Trust B ldg., Baltim ore, Md. Crotchor, L. H., n s s 't . Direct, -r, Mellon I n s titu te , Pittsburgh, Pa. Crow, J . A ., Ayers Mineral Company, Z an esville, Ohio. Campbell, C. W., Aoppars Company, noppors B uilding, Pittsburgh, Pa. Campbell, &, J . , Vice P r e s ., Sun Sand Company, ` Tnayer, W. Va. C.ompboll, J o in , Eagle P ich er Load Company, J o p lin , Mo. (Box 576) carman, C. F . , P resid en t, N ational S i l i c a Vforks, Eerkoloy S p rin gs, V.'. Va. Cronin, Wm. J . , Secretary, Manufacturer's Committee, Automobile Manufacturers A ssociation, General Motors Building, D a tra it, Mich. Cummings, Donald E ., Saranac Laboratory for the Study of Tuberculosis, Edward L. Trudeau Foundation, Ironwood, Mich. Curtis, a . J. h . , Portland Cement a s s o c ia tio n , 53 West Grand Avenue, Chicago, 111. Curr, J , 0 . , Allugheny S to o l Company, Brackenridgo, Fa. Davidson, W. W., Porsonnol Diroct-jr, Tho Babcock Sc Wilcox Tube C o., Bayonne, N. J . C hivors, Or. J . H ., Medical D upt., Corwith Plant, Crane Conpony* Chicago 1 1 1 . ' ' V ' - ' 1 Chormahn, 0 . t * , ' Tiie P faudloi1 Company, Rochester, H* t * 'V'r 'D a v ies, J. D., Mine Safety Appliancos Company, - . Braddocjc, Thomas Sc Heado S tr e e ts, Pittsburgh, Pa. : '>i)aVie,,C. v;;-., ; 'Thd CalOriEihg Company, y-, ;.400 H ill AvchUo, --^W ilkin abut-g) i`a. baviaon, E. K ., .r. K. Davison & B ro., <nd & Davison S tr e e ts , Pittsburgh, Pa. Dickey, G. y . , Manager, Compensation D iv isio n , Service D opt., o. I . du Pont de Nemours & Co*, I n c ., l'ilmtngton, Del. Dodge, J . S ., Insurance Munagor, P ittsb u rgh P la te G lass Company, Grant Building, Pit.tsDurgh, Pn. Jonoghue, Thos. t i., S afety Engineer, Pittsburgh P lato Glass Co., oreighton, Pn. Dorian, M. I , , oust C ollecting D ivision, SI aw-Knox Company, Pittsburgh, Pa. uritneer, Dr. C. K ., 55 Shnttuck S tr o o t, Boston, Mass. orinker, Dr. P h ilip , harvard School o f Public Ho:ilth, 55 Van Dyke S tr o o t, Bouton, Maos. DuDoio, H. B ., C onsolidated Feldspar Company, P. 0 . Box 8GC, East L iverpool, Ohio. uunbur, F. B ., Pickand3 , Mather & Company, C leveland, Ohio. ourham, George T ., C leveland C l i f f s Iron Company, -5 - E l l is , E. h,, Director o f Safety & Viol fare, Wheeling S tea l Corporation, Wheeling, U. Va. Engel, Oi*. P. C ,, Welfare D irector, Thu Corrigan, McKinney Ste^l Cc. Cleveland, Ohio. F iln u r, Vi. T ., loungotnwn Shoot & Tube Co.-.p :ny, Youngstown, Ohio. F lin t, F. C ., Ii.a7.ul A tlas G lass Com]->any, Washington, Pa. Ford, Karl L ., Glass Container A ssociation, 19 Wost 44th S tr e e t, New York, N. Y. Franzheim, C. a . , Consolidated Feldspar Corporation, P. 0 . Box 205, Wheeling, W. Va. Erary, Dr. F. C ., Hosoarch Laboratory, Aluminum Company of America, How Kensington, Pa. Funston, S. U., Attapulgus Clay Company, 260 South Broad S tro o t, Philadelphia, Pa. Guhnaan, Dr. G. H ., Modical D irector, Sorvlco D ept., E. I . du Pont de Nemours & C.;., Inc. Wilmington, Dul. G ontholts, A. J . , Aas*t. Gon. Attorney, Republic S tool Corporation, vi*-' m ot* /-V i l : * : - xmtharti Y/hool Coripaii'j.. ^ ""^'XrnSfcroSg Cork Company, P.50 Park k n k M y ...... Now York, t. . .i i " ~ ; ^ ' L fflH n W ; Fu. V!.* . ' m m m m ..'i ' j '-* '* *|v ....... .... ........... tZ '**3F>iWfe8? Gibson, A. C., Spang, Chnlfont ic Company, I n c ,, Etna,"Pa, ' y Hazard, W. G,, O w ens-Illinois Glass Company, Tolodo, Ohio, G insa, Dr. S. J . , J r ., Heilman, Dr. U. FT., Company Surgeon, Allogheny S tool Company, American Sheet & Tin P la te C o., Brackcnridgo, Pa. FricK Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. Hcnsol, H. G., Safety D irector, Youngstown Shoot & Tube Company, Grau, Karl, 2111 Conway Building, Tlie Babcock St Wilcox Tuba C o., Youngstown, Ohio. 17th S tr e e t & 2 1 st Avenue, Beaver F a lls, Pa. Herr, H. T ., J r ., J . S. McCormick Company, Groono, F . L ., 25th and A. V. R. R ., General R efra cto ries Company, Pittsburgh, Pa. Clnysburg, Pa. rHerron, Dr. Tbos. B ., h a l l , A. B. ' ...... H azel-A tlas G lass Company,1y ' - W heeling, W. Va. - ^ - ^ H a l l , J . T .,- ^ H ill Doctor, -`P ittsburgh S t e e l Company, iiones3en, Pa. f H all China Co. Karo, H. R ., A East Liverpool, 0 H irth, A. C ., S afety & Welfare DirSttoF^-- Williams,- Evorcaan & Morgan, kciiuasporfc Tin P la to Companyj ' ' ' Board o f Trade B uilding, MciiooSport, P a. '- ' . Toledo, Ohio. - Harrington, Dr. F . B ., ' P'sc ~ ^H itchinvs^*,Roger A ., P resi.d en t, ' ; Chief Surgeon, . .- . American R efractories I n s t it u t e , Weirton S to o l Company, - ''' 1008 lialnut Stroet, ~ W eirton, W. Va. 7- . P h ilad elp h ia, Pa. ' . " '? j ' g Harvey, Dr. A. H. Crane Company, 1 Chicago, 111. ' Kodes, Or. P h ilip , Dniversity Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa. Harvey, 0 . F ., American Car He Foundry Company, 50 church S tr e e t,* New York, N. X. V Holbrook, E. A ., School o f Mines, Bniversity of Pittsburgh, " ' "Pittsburgh, Pa. Hatch, J . H ., Abingdon Sanitary Mfg. C o., Abingdon, 1 1 1 . Hay, Russel G ., Ayers Uinoral Company, Z a n esv ille, Ohio. Haythorn, Dr. Samuel R ., Singer Memorial Laboratory, Allegheny Gonoral H oepital, Pittsburgh, Pa. -H oyt, C. . , unericari Foundrymen' a A ssociation , 222 Host Adana S tr e e t, Chicago, 111. Huggins, G. L ., Gonoral B lo ctrie Company, 818 Fulton Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. Huth, Gordon C ., Manager, Buroau o f Safoty and c a su a lty , Universal Atlao Ccmunt Company, 20B 8 . LnSalla 8tr o st, Ohiango, 111. Johnson, George V/., E x celsio r Supply Coupany, 34th S tr e e t and A. V, R. R ., Pittsburgh, Pa, - ------ Kr; , F, J , , P resid en t, ' F , J . Kroso Box Company, ' 1- 28th S tr e e t, Pittsburgh, Pa. Johnston, Dr. John, U. 3 . S to o l Corporation, 71 Broadway, New York/ H. Y, Jonos, E. 0, Mvtional Founders A ssociation , CO South L aS alle S t r e e t , Cldcago, 111. Jones, F. Robertson,Assoc, of Casualty & Surety Executives, 1 Park avenue, Nuw York, N. Y. Kuechlu, Benjamin, Employers Mutual Incuranco C:,., Wausau, Wis. Kurtz, Thos. H., North American R efrectories Co, O liver Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. Lanza, Dr. A. J . , A ssista n t Mudical Diructor, M etropolitan L ife Insurance Co. 1 Madison avenue, Now York, N. Y. Jones, Dr. R. R ., L oitzol, F. 0 ., Medical D irector, Blaw-Knox Company, B o ll Telephone Company, Pittsburgh, Pa. 416 Seventh Aviaiuu, Pittsburgh, :.i. L o s c a llo tto , R. F ., Armstrong Cork Company, Junkin, Hays H ,, Beaver F a lls, Pa. Knux, Strauss & Bragdon, 1725 Juniata- S tr e e t, N .S., Pittsburgh, Fa. . c` * ' . Kahl, J . C ., Manager, Lindsay, Horry B ., S e c .-T r ea s., Grinding Wheel Manufacturers .27. Elm S tr e e t, W orcester, Mass. United Engineering Sc Foundry C o,, V.ondergrift, Pa.. 'L ogan, A ./E ., Mgr., : S afety & Welfare Department, K eller, J . U ., Manager o f Foundries, American Car & Foundry Company, 'American Sheet and Tin P lato Co Frick Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. 1558 South Vonduventer Avenue, S t . L ou is, Mo. Lohrnan, H. Y/,, United Zinc Smelting Corporatlu K elly, Dr. J . C ., M oundsvillo, W. Va. (McKeooport Tin P la ta Company) 219 S ix th avenue, McKe3p o rt, Pa. Loxterman, H. B ., Blnw-Knox Company, . . Pittsburgh, Pa. Kennedy, Dr. P . H ., Youngstown Sheet ft. Tuba Company, Youngstown, Ohio* \ .. ',,v'W: ` ' .' . AV-Vr.l 7.' Vrrt-V Lutton, C. L ., S afety D irector, F fic k Coke Company, ' ^ 1 `r i c k 'B u ii.d in g Jm n q x , K eplingor. ft fe'PittbburgHi" Pa. '" Mebropolitoii Cahton, Ohio HoitHi Pros*} ^...: tiniycirBal^8anlbnry MBg. Co, . . . . . . t l o Pi . McAm, 13, G ,, Works Mgr. ''..V b'V * Allis-Chalm ers Manufacturing C o,, N .S., Pittsburgh, Pa. r< ' ' v 'V * ` ^ '-vr .^ S S 8 & g -;5,'--' :v? - - , Uorfoot,' F. G., Owuns-Illinoie Glass Company, Toledo, Ohio. fc' '. '-<T* McConnoughy, Dr. J , D ., Murphy, h a lte r B ., Altuninum Company o f America, Director o f Plant Personnel, New Kensington, Pa. A tla n tic R ofining Company, 5144 Passyunk Avenuo, McCord, Dr. Carey P ., Philadelphia, Pa. In d u stria l Health Conservancy Lab., C in cin n ati, Ohio. N ich ols, K, H ., ' Tho F lo r id in Company, '5 McCullough, Dr. J . F ., Rorren, Pa. ' '7 501 Jenkins Arcade, Pittsburgh, Pa. . ^Osmond, Dr. L. H ., McKibben, A. H ., Macbeth-JSvans G lass Company, __ "501 Jenkins Arcado, Pittsburgh',' Pa. Charleroi, Pa. Pendergrass,'" Or. Eugene P ., M aclachlan, Sr . . G, Medical A rts Building, University H ospital, Philadelphia, Pa. Pittsburgh, Pa. : P e te r s, B r.':S . E ., Manor, JT 1!., V ice P rosid ont, C onsolidated F eldspar ^Company, ' "V (Mine Doctor, Pgh. S te e l) Masontown, Pa. . . . " ri I F ast L iv erp o o l,. Ohio. ~ r. ~ - F ierce/'H /L ., Marshall,' J V C ., 7 - - ~ Union Carbide Company, " The U." A. Banna Company, Cleveland, Ohio. Niagara F a l l s , N. Y. . _ w ` V Pierce, R. H ., Mather,' S . L ., Vico P resid en t, Cleveland C l i f f s Iron Company,!__ Union Trust" Building,""""*' "v - Mino S a fe ty Appliances Comp.my, Braddock, Thomas & Me&do S tr e e ts, ' Pittsburgh, Pa. Cleveland,-. Ohio;- ^ P itt , William J . , Matthews,- T. C ., Pennsylvania P u lv e r isin g Company* - ' ' D oV ilbiss C ompany, Toledo, Ohio. L ew iston, Pa* h". P o ls te r , R* 'S . * Mawhinney, r. Nort, Morey H o sp ita l, Pittsburgh, Pa. Vice P r e s, in Chargo o f Operations, Alan Wood S t e e l Company, Conshohockon, Pa. M eiter, Dr. E. G ., D irector, In d u strial Hygiene Laboratory, Employers Mutual L ia b ility Insurance Company o f Wisconsin, 800 Empire B u ilding, Milwaukee, H is. Mfiler, H B ,, C hief, Bureau o f Smoke R egulation, Dopartmont o f Public Health, Pittoburgh, Pa, ... -w - --,.-r - .. ' '**Sr 'Uf - - '> Poth, J . d*, J r ., Amoric;m Radiator Company, 40 Rost 40th S tr o o t, Now York N, Y. Pow ell, A. R . hoppers Rosearch Corporation, Ruppero B u ilding, Pittoburgh, Pa, 7- -TW* .I ^ <s,,. P resco tt, W. Fi., J r., Pickcnds, Mather & Company, Cleveland, Ohio, S*Si." v r ^ v y " - V?- 'Sayors, Dr. R. R ., 0 , S. Public Health Sorvico, Washington, D. C. Prico, Charles M., S c o tt, MacLoish & F alk, 134 South LaSalle S tr e e t, Chicago, 111. S ch u ltz, H. A ., U. S. S toel Corporation, 71 Broadway, Now York, N. Y. Putnam, John F ., N ational S i l i c a Company, Ox-egun, 1 1 1 . Schwolm, Henry J . , Secretary, Gypsum Ass j c ia t l .in, 211 Host hacker Drive, Chicago, 111. Racine, C. W. W illiam s, Sversman & Morgan, 2nd N ational Bank B ld g ., Toledo, Ohio. . .... Sherwood, A. Tf,, Vico P ru s., O w en s-Illin o is G lass Company, - Toledo, Ohio. radali, C ia r d a E, ."vico r r X /. '^ Inland S t e e l Company, , L* 1 s t N ational Bank B ld g ., 53 South. Dearborn S t r e e t , ; C- ' jH ; w . , ^ "SShI i*p-l*ey' -, *R. A* .',,--- - National Firoproofing Corporation, FPuitlttoanbuBrguhi,ldFina g ? ? ' ' " . - * /*' P ittsb u rgh , Pa. ' " Chicago, m i ' . ' " 7*'r : .. . -p<*. . ... ''?.** Shoudy,Dr. Loyal a . , _ __ . .T* * Reynolds, Pani F . , __; - . 0 glebay, Norton'& Company?' The Hanna B u ild in g ,' ' Cleveland, 0 h io.1 R id d e ll, J . Murray,i * -..cy Manager o f Mines,':- . Cr t th. * i_eJf> o Kf Ml f ^o. Hdic a l CSwewr vr I ic e , - uB athloboo S t u d Company, I n c ., i .V B ethloh3ta, .Pa.- - se- -^kg.^Sisbn,'L. B .,V ? ' Pittsburgh, Pa. The Corrigan, McKinney S te a l C o., Cleveland, O hio.' . -&} - - S toffa, Paul R ., -.TV-- . i. & G. Taylor Company, Rose, W. A ., ' . Cumberland, Md. Pickonds, Mather ie Company, Cleveland, Ohio. Tabor,' R. S ., Titanium A lloy Mfg. C o., Rousseau, A.,' Grinding Wheel Manufacturers Assoc; * Norton Company/ "' Worcester, Mass. upcrt, F . P .? Mellon I n s titu te ,.. P ittsb u rgh , Pa<;i - - ' Niagara F a lls , N. Y. ~ *7" 1*! " ' '* " * Tannur, P . Uni tod Bngineoring & Foundry C c . , Vondorgrift, Pa. - .v/- t ,V*-%*-*. c r ' Thachor, F i :Bj? 'Ass*t. Con* Mgr., Intorlnko'Itori Corporation, 332 SV Michigan'AvenueJ '.:7_ 4 ** r'f __ -j[. " `it Thomas, Wm. E ., Babcock & Wilcox Tuba Company, Beaver F a lls , Pa. Weeks, H. J . , Manager, Employment, Safety U Welfare Department; American Steel A Wire Company, Thornton, George, Vice P r e s., Ottawa S i l i c a Company, Ottawa, 111. Rockefeller Building, Cleveland, Ohio, ioidlein, E. fi., Director, T illo ts o n , E. 17., A s s 't. D irector, Mellon I n s titu te , Mellon Institute, Pittsburgh, Pa. Pittsburgh, Pa. Wail, Dr. G. C ., T itu s, W. G ., Personnel D irecto r, Allegheny S te a l Company, Morey H osp ital, Pittsburgh, Pa. Brackenridgo; Pa. ' " Williams, Marshall, - American Bridge ^Company, Tour, Sam* E x e c .'S e c ., Frick Building^ Hon-Ferrous Foundry A ssociation. for!r\:T ,._ .. P ittsburgh, f a , I n d u str ia l 'Rocovery,_ ' ' r-.1 ; v t y * * 47 Fulton Streety^*' V ' , ... 9 ^ W i2 H a a s o n ,'`Gebrge.Hi, New:York, N . ' ` - j # g . Davison & BroT^' 42nd & Davison S tr ee ts,' V alen tin if:'Dr. Pittsburgh; PaT"'; " ' T Hemy Di8Ston & Sonsj Inow ^ 'i: tv v .s ti r# "f y SV. ati- ' t- i.- Certain-Teed Products Corporation, tpc~ ... ...** Beaver U M i n t a i y -Roods, W . J . , u.-- a ' Buffalo,TlC'.X. '' ` ~ - ,-r..P e--n--n--s-y*lvan.ia- P..u-ilverizin g Company, ' -fc-. Vessy, S. C ., .\,*I*u*istcn, ,Pa. _ W. W. S ly UanTifacturing Company,?: _ / ' : 'Woody, G. V ., Hanagor, C leveland,7 O hio.' 7.; P ittsb u rgh D is t r ic t , . ' 7 Allis-Chalm ors ilfg r Company, Voss, J . A . , T ? - r Z f w-7"-* "y *'K-oppo^fs B u ild in g, Director, o f Indu strial iterations, Pittsburgh, Pa. ;Republic S t e e l .Corporation^ 7 ;!r ` Republic B uilding,. " " Youngstown, .O hio. ' ." ' -*- Hychgol, Dr. Jamas II., Amurican S te e l & T/ire Company, Rockefeller Building, Vfaterai T C ;, ... Pennsylvania TuLvorlzing Company, Cleveland, Ohio; Lewiston, Pa. Ionsan, C R ., Secretary, Code A uthority, Sandstone Industry, Watson, Ai L ., Koppors Company, il?.5 B uilders Exchange Building, Cleveland, Ohio. Eopporo B u ild in g, P ittsb u rgh , Pa Font, R iiiiam P.* Bureau o f Mined, Wabor, G*.j .* Asfeoc. of Mfra* of Chilled Car Wheels, 1847 McCormick Bjillding, ^ ' 4800 Forbad' Strobt* Pittsburgh^' Pa; Chicago* Hi* ...... ... Xodor, Ray*' -- Standard Stbol" Works Company, BUrntea, M ifili^ C o. Pa.. MEMORANDUM MR. LINCOLN VICE PRESIDENT AND GENERAL COUNSEL. February 27, 1955 Yesterday I suggested that Dr. Lanza and I would lik e to go over our current a c t i v i t i e s and certa in recen t developments in the fie ld of dust in industry, in a conversation with you, so th a t a l l angles o f the s itu a tio n could be considered in connection w ith our routines a c t i v i t i e s and sp e c ia l appropriations. Dr. Lanza has endeavored to summarize h is view s In the attached memorandum, and i t occurs to m e ,'if you have tim e, that i t w ill he helpful to look th is over prior to our conference. '"t?: Tie could then no doubt, get the b en efit o f your reactions in a very few minuts, and can perhaps present certain angles o f the situ a tio n more- compactly in t h is memorandum than could be done i n conversation. "* . "' V '> vV' ' * -v ` .. I suggested a r e p ly to General Cunning*a l e t t e r concern in g the s ilic o s is research w ith'the Public Health Service th at in -. dicated the beliefJihatTpur .participation in th is particular activ ity , should be terid m ted ,. unless" the''participation o f other agencies" w might la te r seen to j u s t if y our-continuation on m odified-basis. The. f i e l d i s r e a lly ' o f "great importance, and l i t t l e 'sta ter in the research asp ect of... i t ^ jo in tly w ith the- l e ading Government agency in . th e f i e l d , may a c tu a lly be "quite advantageous and l o g ic a l i n view o f tbe sig n ific a n c e o f th e 'd u st .'problem to, our ex te n siv e Group and I n d u str ia l in te r e sts' aria in viw o f the" rou tin e 'se r v ice s now carried" ou t by tbe In d u str ia l H ealth S ectio n prim arily f o r Group policyholders and la r g e ly in t h is d u st f i e l d , as indicated by Dr. Lanza*s.memorandum D. B. Armstrong, H.D. Third V ice-President. 4 1 , 2' # *- uL-hZLi j ..ssi.= t: :.t " e*.icnl otor Is v:ouI : be per f t c t l " sound t o t . . r r . f i in - i u s t r !r.I c o '- v - n ie s , v; .<?re s i l i c a card i s p r . s e n s , " i t h the thou jilt of s e llin g a n n u ities for those eispos'-i. However, th e c o s t o f an a n n u ity :,in j ' r e a s o n a b le r e l a t i o n s h i p to pay i s p r e tt y h ig h t ' :? 55 and much h ijh e r a t 5 0 . * An a n n u ity p a y a b le a t 60 c o s t s a ccu t tw o -t.-ir i.; n o r e titan a n n u ity a t 65- Vie iv ve a d e v i l o f a t in e t o t em p loyers t o p u t up th e n e c e s s a r y fund f o r Group Annuity P la n s w hich have a norm al r e tir e m e n t age o f 6 , so you cn --ee i t would be some s a l e s jo b t o g e t th e money f o r an aj-: 2 p la n . A ll in a l l , w h ile the id ea i s sour.: vt.ou.h, I fju e stio n i t s s a l a b i l i t y u n le s s some em ployer v. i t t *h*. : i l i . c t hazard is p a rticu la rly sentim ental about i t . I f you want any a c tu a l f ig u r e s , i l l ' s *- . vi se. : .. / . n . V l? '15 ^ iu , HOTlUW ) Oetober 11, 1935 Tta PHZSODff D r. Oerdtoar w u In to aee I r . U m and as i m i t i days ago, concerning th e p o s s ib ility of oar renew isj our ap p ro p riatio n fo r hie s ilie o s ia work next T ear. Ve bare already contributed #30,000 to th is research. I fran k ly and caspia te ly discouraged any fu rth s r p a rtic ip atio s in s ilic o s is research on our p e rt - beane th is a ta tee e n t fre e Dr. Gardner, w ithout th e usu al request! th e ir work w ill eontinua and not s u ffe r a g re a t deal fro e our w ithdraw al, f o r o th e r soureea of support , a s Or. Cardaar says, hare been developed. Vs s h e ll of couras eontinoe p ra o tlo a l w orkisi ooopera tio n w ith th e ir la b o ra to ry , through Or. Laaaa and our own In d u stria l fiyglM S ectio n . I hare also w ritte n Or. G ardner, asking fo r a suseary re p o rt on the r e s u lts of th e work financed by us - as a n a tte r of record. D. B. A raatrong, K.D. Third V ice-President. / 1 2 /2 9 /2 0 0 8 14:16 FAX (1001 Castleman Asbestos File on CRANE Co. Q w/c = with cover letter or memo If DATE = 0, undated CD-ROM Document #: Crane DATE = __article__ letter fro m __ m edical__ trade journal __ published presentation from conference __ published government report __ Fed Register notice __ government inspection results __ unpublished or internal report __ unpublished presentation from conference _ newspaper article __ letter __ memorandum __ industry warning labels __ industry sales literature __ industry recommended practices __ agenda ___ minutes ____ attendee list legal . deposition __ testimony o f____________ other 1 2 /2 9 /2 0 0 8 14:16 FAX 1*3002 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH IN AMERICA b y H e n ry B. Seileek in colla b o ra tio n w i th A lf r e d H, W h itta k e r , M .D ., F.A.C.S, TMJS noOK WAS PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF T im HISTORY COM M UTEE OF THE INDUSTRIAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION ALFRED H. WHITTAKER, M.D., CHAIRMAN * 0 1 T 0 P. GEIER, M.D, I JAM ES I. ROBERTS, M.D, | *ROBHRT T. LEGGE, M,D, *LOYAL A, KHOUDY, M.D. | MCIVBR WOODY, M.D. ^A R T H U R J . VORWALD | **EDWARD C. HOLMBLAD # # GCORGS ROSEN *Dt8*cd " AppoSMcd to replace deceased member. 1962 Wayae State UniYitSity Press Detroit ! OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH IN AMERICA batons career. The purely repair shop type of surgical service irt industry lasted much coo long,"1 The upward surge of American production was attended by serious, often ratal, injuries, which mounted at a scandalous rate; but for many years little of real or lasting benefit was done to reverse the trend, The annual toll was terrifying in typical industries such as steel, mining, railroading. Here and there, individual doctors did what they could to protect workers on extra-harardovts jobs, but they left almost no records indicating results, A faded clipping from the Chicago Daily News reports that Andrew M. Harvey, chief sur- 1eatber leggings to protect brass molders from molten metal. "Safety" was a word seldom heard in rhs steel mills and other ferrous industries of that day--not because employers were indifferent to death and injury, but because high accident ratios were taken for granted as a hazard of such trades, Though industrial employers commonly provided local physicians to care for injured work ers, concerted action to reduce the accident coll was still to come. Individual com panies, nevertheless, did what they could with the etude protective devices available in the early 1900's. Results were encouraging, and from these small beginnings there developed industry-wide programs calling for he installation of more and more mechanical safeguards, and requiring in-plant treatment of on-the-job injuries. Within a few years important steel manufacturers were solidly supporting the work of the new National Safety Council, spearheading the crusade for industrial safety. Faced by shocking statistics on accidental deaths and injuries, corporation heads in large industries became ready converts to the cause. Physicians and sur geons, too, in steadily increasing numbers, were attracted to the industrial field. Results of this attack were soon apparent. Accident curves were halted in their climb--then started to decline. The over-all tterid, for the post forty years, has been consistently downward. Citing long-term figures, the Labor Yearbook for 1953 points to these significant contrasts: "In coal mining, for example, approximately five miners were killed in work accidents for every million tons of coal mined in 1913. In 1950 the average was down ro slightly over one death for each million tons. In railroading, the reduction was even more pronounced. In 1913 one worker in every five hundred employed by the railroads was killed on the job. In 1950 one was killed for every three thousand. These rates arc still too high."* Mining appears to have been the first American industry to use the services of physicians on anything like a full-time basis. There is reference to an unnamed doctor who is said to have been employed in a load mine in 1770. Others are known to have served in mines during the 1800's, though almost all name and place records have vanished with the years. Appearance of the industrial physician and industrial surgeon, as we know them, is a twentieth century phenomenon. But there was no distinction in the title in early 12/29/2008 14:17 FAI @004 wed much often fatal, of real or g in typical workers on s. A faded , chief sui tors in that the use of s industries out because es. Though jured workvidual com es available beginnings f more and job injuries, 'porting the >r industrial corporation ns and Sur- ial field. Ited in their irs, has been h for 1953 iproximately >al mined in each million one worker In 1950 one e services of an unnamed cs are known :e and place know them, title in early THE ASSOCIATION IS BORN years. On the contrary, men in plant practice were commonly the object of profes sional scorn---poorly paid, respected neither by management nor by labor. This was to be expected. With notable exceptions the doctor in industry was likely to be a man of mediocre ability, performing routine work acceptably but with little aware ness of its potentials. The field, by and large, was uninviting, unrewarding. Writing of the period around 1910, Alice Hamilton sums up the status of the industrial doctor in these words: "For a surgeon or physician to accept a posi tion with a manufacturing company was to earn the contempt of his colleagues,"3 It is against this background that the story of the American Association of In dustrial Physicians & Surgeons unfolds. In the early years It was a drama of men and of the unusual circumstances that brought them together from all parts of the country. They were for the most part young physicians and surgeons, attracted to industrial practice by the new emphasis on safety, public health, and hygiene. They were exceptions to the rule of mediocrity in plant practice at the time; their stature was the more pronounced because of the scarcity of medical talent in the industrial field. They had in common a conviction that health was the most valuable of all national resources and a belief that the way to conserve it was by concentrating on the accident and disease hazards to which industrial workers were constantly exposed. Andrew Magee Harvey's introduction of protective goggles for workers in 1897 was a mere incident in the evolution of plant safety. But Harvey, the man, had a double claim to fame. He was perhaps the first American physician to practice modern industrial medicine, and he wa s aTleader i nt heUttle group~chiefly responsible for rtie foundin^ of"the~AAIP&5. Harvey joined the Crane organization in Chicago as medical director in 189_6, assuming responsibility for the care of somcTSjOOO em ployee^ Throughout Ills career he was a tireless worker in otgamzed medicine, in public health activities, and in the development of the now industrial specialty. In faraway California Robert I.egge joined the select coterie of industrial medical pioneers in 1899. Trauma, at the time, was the main concern of the McCloud River lumber Company, but Legge, as chief surgeon, soon expanded his work into broader fields--a community health and welfare program, construction of a model hospital, and rhe successful practice of preventive as well as curative medicine. At McCloud, in 1900, he was the fust to employ graduate nurses in industrial service. An inveterate traveler, he periodically toured the East to attend medical con ventions and to visit the great surgical centers and teaching hospitals. On these trips he met many other leaders in the industrial field and through these contacts was drawn into the inner circle of founding fathers of the AAIP&S. Years later (in 1927) legge spent an afternoon at Georgetown Medical School with the venerable Dean Kober. To the delight of both, they discovered that Mc Cloud, the scene of Leggels early work, was in the heart of the identical terrain covered by Kober, as a United States Army Surgeon, in the Modoc Indian War of 1873-74 One of the earliest recorded efforts a t systematic examination of industrial work- 59 1 2 /2 9 /2 0 0 8 14:17 FAX 005 . to asceriisease by iff disease shifted to :h longer on of inportunity ) develop program Not long to think ere held, e was no xcept for 1300 per >ugh," he nough to )ur co.d - >etter the botatory, . and I'll e uncthi- iroval of d Albert take this 'ivc with iim from ough for :tk at all you con- present a i THE ASSOCIATION IS BORN S great human laboratory, where a doctor could practice preventive medicine and I surgery," 1 "Hear that, Julius?" interrupted Loeb, "We have become a great human labora tory, We've had several company doctors, but never before have they thought of us as a human laboratory," .s "I rather like the idea," replied Rosenwald, There was more discussion, but no find! decision. Mock was on his honeymoon when, on December 28, '1908, he received a telegram from Loeb: "Your human laboratory idea appeals. We accept your proposition. Start January 2." Mock's "proposition" included immediate examination of old employees, to check and eliminate infectious diseases'--and later, examinations for all job appli cants, with the aim not only of raising health standards but also of assigning handi capped men and women to suitable work whenever possible. Mock developed, as the creed of his department, the simple slogan: "Physical qualifications, plus occu pational qualifications, equal the job." Much later, during World War I, this slogan became the basis of far-reaching recommendations to the surgeon general of the Array for the assignment of handicapped volunteers and draftees, Within three years, Mock's dream was well on its way to reality. He had no trouble in maintaining ethical standards at Seats. Cut-rate house calls for employees were ruled out. If they wanted the Sears doctor for illness at home, he would see i them as private patients, and charge them standard professional fees. Then, as Mock described it, came a balmy evening in May, 1912, and another chance conversation, Returning from a medical meeting, Mock drove his friend, Harvey, home in his new Maxwell convertible. The two sat in the open car and discussed their common, problems--their work as company doctors. Harvey, with : ? sixteen years'experience in the Crane organization, had built an excellent reputation ; E as a surgeon and administrator of health problems involving both accident and l occupational hazards. He had done this without antagonizing the medical profession and had maintained a good ethical standing. Mock spoke of his new quartets at Sears--twelve rooms staffed by eleven part- time doctors and two full-time nurses. An eye specialist was on duty three days a week, and dental service whs available for three and a half hours every day. Mock's enthusiasm, too, had grown wich his job. He mentioned that that very day Rosen i wald had proudly escorted the president of the Packard Motor Cat Company through the department. At the end of the tour the visitor said: "This is all pretty nice,- Julius, but I can't see how you Can afford to give the most valuable space in your merchandising building to your doctor's office." Rosenwald had replied: "Why, sit, this is the most valuable department we have. It deserves the most valuable space." So the talk went on, in the convertible at Harvey's door, Around 2:00 A.M. Mock started his motor and prepared to go, Then Harvey brokcjn: "Do you know, we ought to organize this company doctor business. It's alto gether different from what it was when I went into industrial -work. AIndustrial 63 t. ! i I 1 2 /2 9 /2 0 0 8 14:17 FAI 10006 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH IN AMERICA medicine is here to stay. A lot of good men are doing either part-time or full-time work as company doctors. We ought to get together with those who see a real service in it---both. to humanity and to medicine---end form an organization." There was more discussion before the two men parted to think it over. "So," said Mock, "as far as I know, the first drought of an industrial medical association was wafted in on the balmy spring air on that May night in 1912. "It was later in that same year that I met Doctor Otto Geier, of Cincinnati. He was a dynamic man, and one of the most likeable personalities I had ever met, with thorough training and ample financial backing that enabled him to select his niche in the medical world and to reach almost any height in his chosen endeavor. "Geier had organized the first milk Commission in Cincinnati and had worked tirelessly for rigid inspection, pasteurization, etc. He came through milk into the field of preventive medicine, His viewpoint was further broadened by other activities in the field of public charities and institutional health, which brought him into con tact with the derelicts of society. "The Geiers had founded and made a great business of the Cincinnati Milling Machine Company. Otto was n prime mover in organizing its first health program, a part-time connection which soon absorbed his entire attention. Hearing of the ' work we were doing at Sears, he visited our medical department, and left us with its many suggestions which enlarged its scope and increased its effectiveness. "Otto Geier's grasp of the situation and its possibilities in die way of preventive medicine was of the greatest importance in the founding of our association. From the time of his first visit we never lost sight of our ultimate goal--the organization of industrial medicine on a national basis," From these early contacts and discussions the movement for an association spread rapidly, by chain reaction. Through the efforts of Frank Billings, Thomas 11. Crowder was appointee! medical director of die Pullman Company. By 1912 he not only was supervising the health of Pullman employees, but also had become a great authority on ventilation, fumigation, and the prevention of contagious diseases by systematic examinations. Said Mock: "Tom became a wise friend and a man of keen judgment, with a broad vision of the possibilities of industrial medicine and the means by which it could fit itself into the medical worid without antagonizing those in the profession who were limiting their work to private practice," Crowder became familiar with every step in the preorganization thinking of the Chicago group. It was he who wrote the final draft of the constitution of the Ameri can Association of Industrial Physicians & Surgeons and set forth its objectives. He later served as its president (1927-1928), Again, in 1912, Billings recommended die appointment of Wilbur E, Post, a close friend of Crowder and Mock, as medical director of the Peoples Gas Com pany, of Chicago. Post, in turn, called the attention of the group to Charles G. Famum, chief surgeon of the Avery Company in nearby Peoria. Parnum had de- 64 veloped a v In this work convention the circle 0 Since t! great and g dee he had and over-a. personality As tim recruits for industrial Emery R. helped spe On sht Peoples G. backing of Harve) the foundi Surgeons 1 mittee, ele word urno Mock mail, on t favorable, the new a medical v Mock' emphatic names rec they servt any and n The Jmost entl In the Ek Industry) Californi; Schercsch United St don. Am Selby, rb (Packard 1 2 /2 9 /2 0 0 8 14:17 FAX @007 OCCUPATIONAL' HEALTH IN AMERICA Shoudy (Bethlehem Seed), Cassius H. Watson (New York Telephone Company), W. Irving Clark (Norton Company), and James E. Mead (Ford Motor Company). Of the entire group engaged in this voluminous correspondence, no less than six were later to serve as presidents of the Association. Drawing its strength from such diverse sources, and from every section of die country, the association-to-be was as sured of truly national representation from the very beginning. Most of its sup porters were already members of several organised medical groups Concerned with various phases of public health and private practice; yet they rallied behind a new association as the one answer to vital industrial problems not yet adequately covered by any existing agency. Encouraged by this wholesale response, the Organizing Committee met frequently during the winter of 1914-1915. "At each meeting," writes Hatty Mock, "there were increasing evidences of approval, ending in agreement ro crystallize the move ment by formal organization. "Accordingly, under the friendly auspices of the Illinois Manufacturers Asso ciation, a `meeting of physicians and surgeons in industry' was called in February, 1915, at the Chicago City Club, where the proposal was discussed at length. The unanimous expression was that such an organization would be beneficial to em ployees and employers, as well as to the physicians specializing in industrial medi cine." Ac that February meering a committee was appointed, which, "for the physicians and surgeons engaged in industrial medicine, prepared and executed the documents necessary for a corporation (not for pecuniary profit) to be known as the American Amc'mtimal of Industrial Physicians & Sstrgeons, under an Act of the General As sembly of the State of Illinois." So reads the record. Accompnying the application was a formal statement of the corporate purposes--as printed in full at the head of Part Two. Writes Mock: "This statement remains [essentially] unchanged. There has been no occasion to change it. Nothing in the developments of the years since 1915 has been added to the comprehensiveness of its definition of industrial medicine, nor disclosed a facet of the subject which it does not cover." Spring and summer were gone before charier details had been settled to the satisfaction of the committee. Under date of October 12, 1915, Harvey forwarded to Mock duplicate copies of the application with a letter asking him to get the required signatures "as quickly as possible." The final document, as notarized and forwarded to the Secretary of State of Illinois, bears the signatures of the Inconxoratin.g Committee: J. Chase Stubbs (medi cal director of the National Malleable Casting Company); A. M. Harvey, H, E. Mock, C. G. Farnum, W. E. Post, and T. R. Crowder, all of Chicago; and S. M. McCurdy, of Cleveland,4 Stubbs served as chairman. While the preliminary work of organization was moving slowly ahead, busy doctors elsewhete were taking advantage of every opportunity to win further- sup- 66 port for the . public meenr. proposed org: of influence growth of th founding." Otto Gei< other a surge mon interest of the Natic council inter "Does tl Failing to gc Section of th cance of the. a year and . Scheresd were frequevention of 1 employees a system of in giene of the plan of edu. mated that 1 health hazat consequence only too pi and someth fields is ver class of met On the chairman o earliest act: graduates, requiring v the complt In Jun nearest his can Medic symposium health inst Such c L_ 1 2 /2 9 /2 0 0 8 14:18 FAX @008 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH IN AMBBTCA While the founders set their sights at the highest level with respect to the asso ciation objectives and the caliber of membership, they kept their financial program within modest bounds, A standard paragraph iu committee correspondence dealt with the matter of cost in these reassuring words: "There will be some little expense connected with the organisation, but this will be very slight and can easily be covered by nominal dues of one dollar per member," Actually, first-year dues were set at ; two dollars, but, since a maximum membership of one hundred and fifty was ex pected, the working budget gave no ground for charges of extravagance, One finds a similar note of economy wisely accented in arrangements for the > . convention itself. Under date of May 25, R. A. Carson and C. C. Schauta, co managers of the Cadillac Hotel, sent a banquet menu to Mock for his approval. The i following exchange of letters is of passing interest as a commentary on those times: Mock to Cadillac Hotel, May 26 : "This menu is very satisfactory with the excep j tion of cigars. Two dollars a plate should include at least one round of some good cigar." Cadillac Hotel to Mock: "Yours of the 26th to hand with menu as selected for the American Association of Industrial Physicians & Surgeons, at $2.00 per plate-- cigacs extra," Mock to Cadillac Hotel: "As we have advertised our banquet for $2,00 per plate, I wish you would kindly make some slight change in the menu so as to include one round of some good ten-cent cigar." There was no provision for cigars. There was, in fact, no need for either frills or festivities to whet the enthusiasm of the founding group. To a man, they realized the seriousness of the business at hand, and sensed something of the import of this new milestone in the history of American medicine. As almost the final step in completing arrangements, Mock dispatched a night letter to Sidney M, McCurdy of Youngstown, a fellow committeeman: "Organiza tion Committee have left it to me to choose toastmaster banquet Monday night, Have chosen one of best scouts in the bunch, namely, you, You can't refuse, for programs go to press tonight, Everything looking rosy," There appears to have been only one advance notice uf the Detroit meeting pub lished in any periodical reaching the medical fraternity, It appeared in the Journal of u. the American Medical Association1 under the headline; MEETINGS OF NON-AFHUATED ORGANIZATIONS AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OP INDUSTRIAL PHYSICIANS & SURGEONS The notice stated that organization of the association was to be completed at a meeting in Detroit on June 12, 1916, and gave the essential facts about the new~ association, its purpose, and rhe character of its proposed membership--adding that 72 1 2 /2 9 /2 0 0 8 14:18 FAX [009 pict ro the assonnncial program Spondcncc dealt ne little expense easily be covered lues were set at nd fifty was exance. gementi for the C Schantz, cois approval, The Cn those times: with the excepd of some good u as selected for ',00 per plate-- : for S2.00 per so as to include | i ? i 1 4 i the enthusiasm the business at i the history of patched a night -.an: "OrgnnizaMonday night, .an't refuse, for it meeting pubthe Journal oj MS completed at a about the new p--adding that th e association is born the industrial doctors had been meeting during the past few years in AMA sections and with the National Safety Congress. Among the problems to be discussed nr the meeting, the Journal listed the following: 1. Medical examinations of employees, and the results and benefits of these. 2. The surgeon as an aid in pi-eventing accidents. 3. Emergency surgery and the standardizing of procedure in certain types of cases. 4. Standardizing of records used in this work. 5. Various forms of industrial insurance and the need of a federal health in surance law. Through the Committee on Arrangements for the American Medical Association meeting in Detroit--with James Ji. Mead (Ford Motor Company) as an interme diary--reservations had been made for a "minimum of one hundred," who were expected to enroll for the session of the AAIP&S. Actually, about 125 were present when J. Chase Stubbs, ns temporary chairman, called for order at 10:00 A.M. Interest in the purpose and plans of the new organization was unquestionably much broader than actual attendance would indicate. This was evidenced by the flow of letters and telegrams Mock received from physicians and surgeons in all parts of the country, who, because of other pressing business, could not be present. Typical i$ this telegram from ,R. C. Cabot of Boston, -who was prominent In organized activities of the AMA. "You are pioneers in medical service and medical organiza tion such as the public good demands. You will meet opposition, but you should welcome it and will surely overcome it. I am heartily with you in spirit and in pur pose." Typical, rno, was a message from Frank Billings of Chicago: "I congratulate you on the inauguration and first meeting of the American Association of Industrial Physicians and Surgeons because it is one of the most important subjects for the consideration of physicians and surgeons." The Conference Board of Physicians in Industry fulfilled its promise of support, made earlier in the year by Dr. Moorhead; this organization was well represented at Detroit by leading industrial doctors from the east. The group centering around Chicago, who had engineered the incorporation and preliminary organization, were present almost to a man. From the far West came J.eggc (California), Philip K. Brown (Southern Pa cific Railway), Alvin Powell (Western Pacific Railroad), and William Brown (Valmora, New Mexico). Among representatives In the public health field were J. W, Schereschewsky and Anthony J. Lanza (USPHS), and F. D. Patterson (Penn sylvania). Others who were to render signal services to the association in later years included Donald B. Lowe (Akron), Clarence D. Selby (Toledo), Loyal A. Shoudy (Bethlehem, Pennsylvania), and Guy L. Kiefer (Detroit). It is unfortunate that no complete or accurate list remains today, either of those who registered at the 1916 73 1 2 /2 9 /2 0 0 8 14:18 FAI OCCUPATIONAL HBALTH IN AMERICA meeting or of those officially qualified as founding members. Such records appar ently were lost ot destroyed in the years before the association established a perma nent headquarters office--or lie forgotten in personal files. The first official act of the convention was to appoint A. M. Harvey as permanent chairman of the meeting--a fitting tribute to a man whose leadership had been largely responsible for the founding of the association. Mock, as secretary, reported on the activities of the Organization Committee, then presented the proposed Con stitution and Bylaws, bearing committee approval. This document, after stating the name and object of the organization, established four classes of membership: (a) Ac tive, (b) Associate, (c) Honorary, (d) Fellowship, In essence, it provided: That only physicians who are actively engaged in the practice of industrial medi cine and surgery, or who are engaged in the investigation of industrial medical prob lems, shall be eligible to active membership. That other physicians might be eligible for associate membership, though they failed to meet the requirement of active industrial practice, but provided they had the personal and professional qualifications entitling them to active membership. That applications for active and associate membership must be made in writing and be accompanied by the fee for annual dues; with the further provisions that the applicant be approved by a member in good standing and be certified as to ethics and goad standing by the secretary of his local medical society. That honorary membership might be conferred upon a physician for some defi nite contribution toward the advancement of industrial medicine and surgery or for the performance of some special service for the association. That associate and honorary members should have all the privileges of active members, except the privileges of holding office and voting for officers and directors or for amendments to the Constitution and By-Laws. Under provisions of the document the Board of Directors was empowered to elect a candidate to any class of membership by a two-thirds voce. Active members, after three or more years in the association, were permitted to apply for fellowships, to be conferred upon selected applicants who satisfactorily passed an examination by a board of examiners consisting of five members or fellows. In essence, the original Constitution of the association does not differ greatly from the articles and regulations governing the present Industrial Medical Associa tion, though these have been amended from time to time to meet changing conditions. That the basic provisions have stood the test of the years is a tribute to the foresight of the founders and their grasp of the fundamentals of sound organization. The business of debate and decision proceeded swiftly, and with remarkable unanimity, at that first meeting in Detroit The Constitution and Bylaws were adopted promptly, with a minimum of change. Records from the files of William A. Sawyer (president,of the organization, 1926-1927) tell us that committees were named to deal with the matter of an association journal; standardization of forms, records, and methods in the examination of employees; and the problems of health insurance. 74 @010 The chairman eron, H. W. Clark In the new associ. Loyal Shoudy recr "When we we should be preside: about the slate. T dent, and another ought to be electr president."1 Whatever the into office and ins first vice-presidea treasurer, Harry I Joseph W- Sd and Dartmouth 1 steward in the Sp Service, and from dustrial Hygiene, ministrator, and with the founder tlonally qualified distinction from The first me< meetings of the j tion--plus a pro day, concluding The convent addresses; and tl pared with somt There were no sr specialty," no mi program, nevertl opening address, of the Avery Cc tor's place in ii Pennsylvania D Schereschew Function of Inc medical director Highlight o talk, "The Fact 1 2 /2 9 /2 0 0 8 14:18 FAX @011 K ttrial surgery mid-century igement, and place within , when great 1 the United he workman medical care ill and state countered in ,tr developed war injuries. s a brilliant able through physician and ;rcd American icnomenal adiieians to this dth. Industrial 1 it is to place historic evolu- 1 1 I -`1 1 1 . 11 j JK .Ik /;98 " I a$ .s TRENDS The surgical experiences of our own war between the states had been well documented5 and pietorialiy recorded by Matthew Brady0 and Surgeon-General Joseph K. Barnes.7 Lister," using the research of Louis Pasteur,0 had demonstrated the principles of antisepsis and cleanliness, and James T, Whittaker'0 had demon strated the importance of physiological changes and the part played by parasites and bacteria. Tire year 1.900 found the industrial plants of America, with a few exceptions, totally without facilities to provide even the most primitive first aid Other than a meager supply of unsterile bandages, kept in a cigar box on a shelf and supple mented by the proverbial chew of tobacco to be applied to a wound. Tire exceptions included the first major prepayment program of record, started in 1868" by the Southern Pacific Railroad in Sacramento, California, where a hospital was opened in 1869. This project, financed jointly by employer and em ployees, provided service by a medical staff through arrangements with surgeons along the railway. In 1882 the first major employee-sponsored mutual benefit association was formed: as the Northern Pacific Railway Beneficial Association. This organization developed a program of complete medical care and other benefits financed by em ployer-employee payments, Medical services were provided through group practice in die Northern Pacific Hospital in Sc. Paul, Minnesota, and through arrangements with surgeons along the line. Through the years following those humble beginnings, the railroads continued their support of progressive health programs, with the close cooperation of the American Association of Railway Surgeons. It is interesting to note that at the 41st annual banquet of the Industrial Medical Association held in Philadelphia, April 25, 1956, the Health Achievement in Industry Award was presented to the Pennsylvania Railroad for the excellence of its modern facilities in Philadelphia, which developed from one of the earliest medical departments. Nineteenth-century efforts to safeguard the health of workers were not, how ever, limited entirely to the railroads. In 1887 the Homestead Mining Company" of Lead, South Dakota, established it company-financed medical department, with a full-time staff providing complete medical service to employees and their families. Other mines and kindred establishments in remote areas followed suit with programs of one kind or another. Andrew Magee Harvey's introduction of protective goggles for workers'3 in 1897 heralded a similar trend in large industrial centers. As medical director of the Crane Company in Chicago, he set an example which profoundly affected the de velopment of truly modern industrial medicine. Another pioneer of that period was Dr. Robert T. Legge, who in 1899 joined the McCloud Lumber Company of California as chief surgeon.11 Though traumatic Injuries were of first importance among the hazards in this isolated community, Legge soon discovered the need for more basic planning. With company coopera- 147 1 2 /2 9 /2 0 0 8 14:18 FAX 0012 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH IN AMERICA to find expression through social or government-social agencies, labor unions, and (Caterpillar other lay organizations now and in the reconversion period. Strong guidance will be of health she required by the medical profession to accomplish for industry the most efficient from various results, while at the same time maintaining the highest scientific and ethical stand There wi ards " Pleading for a stronger public relations program, the report continued: "The period, Whe AMA is showing little leadership in this field, Lay organizations such as the National AAIP&S in Association of Manufacturers, Princeton University (Industrial Relations Research), hearings, the the National Conference Board, and Chambers of Commerce are actually doing in industry e ij more promotion work than any medical agency." and make ai There was no doubt even at the time of the report that organized labor was In these | keenly aware of the vast social benefits that could result from a broad expansion of agencies had health insurance and also aware of the influence that labor might exercise in that restricted. M field. Various union leaders were among tire strong proponents of a federally sponsored compulsory system; and the United States Department of Labor sought wholebeartei government, by one means or another to extend its authority in matters of industrial health. medical prat In December 1944, at the Eleventh Conference on Labor Legislation called by the Secretary of Labor, the United States Public Health Service and state health departments were bitterly attacked from the floor for their work in the field of industrial hygiene. Committee reports accused them of operating in a sphere in which they had no authority and, more specifically, of blocking federal legislation which would place industrial hygiene activities in tire Labor Department, Industrial Medicine sprang to the defense of the health services with an indignant editorial branding the charges as "preposterous" and presenting facts and figures to expose what it termed "the smear technique,"" The legislation in question was not passed in 1944 or in 1945, but the effort persisted. Similar bills13 were still awaiting action in 1946, Their main provision was the allocation of $5 million to state agencies administering labor laws for maintaining safe working conditions and controlling health hazards. It is a s health agenc major types and city-coui has there fcx medicine an Moreovc lastly opposbeen scrongl not impede working for It is obs needs of the The AMA went on record in February 1946 as opposing this legislation, At a Board meeting of the AAIP&S on April 9, the directors approved another resolution asking that any tax project of this kind "be developed in such a manner as to pro vide funds ultimately for the state departments of health in cooperation with the United States Public Health Service." In presenting the resolution President Newquist pointed out that this work in industrial hygiene had always been handled by the USPHS through state health agencies, except in New York and Massachusetts, where the hygiene bureaus were part of the labor departments. Under different circumstances, this Same issue came up again in 1950. The oc casion was a hearing before the Schaeffer Commission (known as the Little Hoover Commission) of Illinois on a labor-supported proposal to move the Industrial Hygiene Division from the Department of Health to the Department of Labor. Among industrial physicians testifying were J. P, McCahan (Bausch & Lomb Optical Company), J, H. Olivers (Crane Company), and M. H. Kconenberg of different still living. ^ Union l service spor Price and di vides a wide the Interna dependents, ices rendere of the med union's hea Ratltm Act of 193 with unem 396 L 1 2 /2 9 /2 0 0 8 1 4 :1 9 FAX l&j UiO labor unions, and 5guidance will be the most efficient and ethical standc continued: "The ;h as the National latioas Research), re actually doing anized labor was ;oad expansion of it exercise in that cs of a federally of Labor sought induskjai health, isiation called by and state health k in the field of g in a sphere in edetal legislation Department, vith an indignant facts and figures in question was bills" were still of i5 million to irking conditions legislation. At a nother resolution tanner as to pro bation with the . President Newbeen handled by id Massachusetts, n 1950. The oche Little Hoover e the Industrial nnent of Labor, lausch 8c Lomb' H. Kronenberg THE ATOMIC AGB (Caterpillar Tractor Company), who strongly supported the opinion that matters of health should be under jurisdiction of health departments. In spite of opposition from various sources, the Illinois transfer was approved and put into effect. There were also moves in the same direction in other srates during the same period. When a report of the Schaeffer hearing was made to the directors of the AAIP&S in December 1950, members mentioned that in Michigan, without public hearings, the Labor Department was empowered to set the standards for first aid in industry and that the department had authority to go into any Michigan plant and make an inspection. In these and similar controversies there was no implication that government agencies had no place in industrial medicine or that their functions should be unduly restricted. Medical organizations, since their beginning, have cooperated fully and wholeheartedly with public health services at every level. Bur they have insisted that government, as such, should not interfere with doctor-patient relations or dictate medical practices and procedures. It is a matter of record that, at mid-century, there were twenty-five federal health agencies performing nine different types of service; at the state level, sixteen major types of agency and many miscellaneous categories; and a host of city, county, and city-county agencies engaged in health service and supervisory activities.H Rarely has there been anything that could be underscored as conflict between organized medicine and this multitude of governmental groups. Moreover--although federal compulsory insurance projects have been stead fastly opposed, and the transfer of medical authority to government labor units has been strongly resisted--it is significant that organized labor has been neither stifled nor impeded in the constructive promotion of health plans for the benefit of the working force and society as a whole. It is obvious that no one program, formula or panacea can meet all the health needs of the nation, and, as should be the case in this free economy, a vast number of different medical care plans have become operative within the memory of men still living, A few of these, typical of many, are described briefly here: Union Health Center, New York City, famous as the first experiment in medical service sponsored by the workers in an industry. Founded in 1913 by Dr. George Price and directed since his death in 1942 by his son, Dr. Leo Price, it presently pro vides a wide range of preventive and medical care to more than 200,000 members of the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union and limited services to their dependents. In its first forty years of operation, the ratal number of individual serv ices rendered annually grew from slightly over 1,200 to well above 5.5 million. Most of the medical services, through collective bargaining, have been paid for by the union's health and welfare fund since 1946. Railroad Retirement Program, authorized by the federal Railroad Insurance Act of 1936 and administered by the Railroad Retirement Board in coordination with unemployment insurance. AU railroad workers covered by unemployment 39? 1 2 /2 9 /2 0 0 S 1 4 :1 9 FAX 0014 * RICA to its inner circle a great s. The association has ever ent of President Dodd of Hustons of grandeur which has added substantially to its professional standards, t in industrial practice ate >ational medicine has won ;cinc. And in what other 'tivitics to better purpose? 'cine alone cannot. True tef importance than. more Hucution in occupational medical schools to practiols. There is much still to tonal influence not only of superlative excellence, under the editorial direchirtteth anniversary of its 1to supplement .coverage shment of the Journal of -the first issue appearing die Occupational Heairh as the agency certifying al. It has also influenced gations in the matter of Slowships and providing nation of the long and icd symbols of what oc-ear$, And it may be that a in those years as the is the beginning, not the medicine an opportunity will have some answers ?hs of chemical therapy, sat scourge society and THE ATOMIC AGE whatever feats man may perform in the conquest of space, organized occupational medicine, and the Industrial Medical Association, will play a vital role in their accomplishment, The American dream hurries on, eager for tomorrow, Man, the 'Worker, moves with it--as does industry and the medicine of industry--each to keep a date with destiny. That destiny will be the fulfillment of the inspired dreaming of Paracelsus and Ramaztuni centuries ago--and the reward of the flaming faith of Andrew Harvey, loyal Shoucfy, Harry Mock, Otto Geier and Robert Lcgge in our time. I 1 1 a i :a , io rnA 015 1NDEX workmen's compensation, 139; (S e e also, Trends) Gracia, Andre, 160 Green, 'William, 84 Greenburg, Leonard, 218 Griffin, Frank R., 3(58, 410 Grissoli, 22 Group curative medicine, 92 Group insurance, 208, 217 Group practice, 147 Guaiacoi, 139 Gunther, Pauline, 75 Guthrie, Donald, 268 Halifax, Nova Scotia, dis aster, 309 Hall, A. Fletcher, 310 Halos, Stephen G., 328, 433: (Appendix 12,-463) Hamhlin, Donald O,, 304, 343, 344 Hamilton, Alice, 92; author, "Health Hazards in Muni tions Plants," 8 8 ; delegate to International Medical Congress on Occupational Accidents and Diseases, Brussels, 40, 415; firsr woman professor on Har vard faculty, 2 0 1 ; honorary member, AA1P&S, 39; in vestigations in the manu facture of high explosives, 79, 80; on phosphorus necrosis, 38; quoted, 38, 39, 59, 79; report on oc cupational poisoning, 80; research at nitrous plants, 309; studies on lead, 43; surveys by, 50; toxicologist, 2 0 1 ; tribute by Legge, 2 0 1 ; (Appendix S, 456) Hamlin, Lloyd E., 242, 369 Hammond, Frank P., 342, 345, 3S3, 389, 392; quoted, 384, 387, 38 8 , 390, 391 Hammond, J. L., (and B-), quoted, 11 Hand, Carpenter Lectureship address, Abbce, 158; in juries, 177; new tech niques, 177; preservation of function, 177; surgery of, 158, 177; trauma, 158 Handicapped, 84, 103, !05, 295, 365; reclaiming, among civilian workers, 94; placement of, 337 "Handicraft,'' "cottage sys- terns," 9; trades, 124; workers, 32 Hargreate, inventor, 8, 28 Hargreaves, Margaret S., 412, 413 Harney, Louis G, 192 Hatrison, Harold A., 372 Harroid, Gordon C, 291 Harvard Mercantile Health Work, The, 216 Harvard, faculty, 201; School of Medicine, 1S8, 207; School of Public Health, 293, 432; UniYetsity, 265, ^358 Harvey, Andrew Magee, 66, 73, 147, 441; chairman first meeting AIP&S, 73; first to practice modern in dustrial medicine, 59; first to suggest organization of industrial physicians, 63, 64; provided safety glasses "ns early as 1897," 58, 59, . 247 -r/ Harvey, John W,, 251, 269 Hatvuy, William, discoverer, circulation of blood, 15. 17, 20 Hawaiian Society of Indus trial Physicians and Sur geons, 343 Hayek, F. A,, "Capitalism and the Historians," quotiti, 10, 11 Hsyhutst, Emery R., 52, 65, 236, 249, 267, 280; au thor, with Kober, "Indus trial Health," 43; authority on industrial poisons, 43; clinic, at Ohio Stare Col lege of Medicine, 53; defi nition of occupational dis ease, 100; delegate, Fifth international Medical Con gress for Industrial Acci dents and Occupational Diseases, 218; educator, scientist, 2 0 2 ; lecturer on mUiutty and industrial hy giene, 281; on silicosis diagnosis, 265; professor of industrial hygiene, 152; research in plumbisrt, 2 0 2 ; study of brass poisoning and Caisson disease, 40; surveys by, 50, 405 Hazards, IDS, 109; alumi num, 311; automobile manufacture, 47; disease, 243, 288; industrial dust, 289; job-connected, 233; new metals, chemicals, compounds, substances, 240, 323; occupational disease, 82, 133, 134, 2 3 7 ; oral conditions, 357; poi sons, 311; public utilities, 217; radium, 312; Wartime industry, 301 Hazletr, T. Lyle, 251, 304, 319, 327, 329, 426; Au thor, i n n o d ite tio n to I n tin s ir ia l M e d ic in e , 4 2 4 ; es tablished Department of Industrial Hygiene, Uni versity of Pittsburgh Medi cal School, 282, 421; first intensified course in indus tria! medicine, 2S1; "med ical-engineering cyde" of industrial medicine, 192; member, Advisory Com mission oil Motional De fense, 293; member, Amer ican Boaul of Industrial Medicine mid Surgery, 420; Oti cycles of industrial reedteine, 122, 123; president, AAIF&S, 31a (Appendix - 1 444); pioneer in medi cal education, 421; ptogram of training, 422; quoted, 309, 318; spedai industriai course, 429, 430; supplementary education for physician? and hygicnfsts in industry, 297; (Ap pendix 8, 456) Hancock, L. D., 358, 359 Head injuries, 177; mortality, 177 Health Achievement in in dustry, Award, 147, 371; Committee, 427; (Appen dix 11,460) -- and Medical Commit tee, Council of National Defense, 297 --, Brooking) Institution study, 367 -- -- Center, Uniou, ladies armene industry, Maty York, 50 ----- conservation, 14), 13), 181; industrial army, 251 --- --, dental, Council on, ADA, 356 , dental, Pennsylvania 504 campaign, 360; pre 360 ----- cate, 112, 27 243; en-rircnmcnw: of nurse in, 143; ora end, 1916-1953, 142; workers, 101, -----hazards, 47, 108, 323 ---- impairment, 103 ---- inspections, 199 ----- insurance, 67, 7: raunity-spoasoted, 3 of, 382-390; pi. 3S2-390; prepaymet trend, 1916-1955, ytttp b of trend, 134, sponsored, 50; sponsored, 397; (S< Insurance) ----- Insurance PI Greater New York 398, progress, 399 --- -, key to product!! 1 laesgseist,lat1io0n9,, ne2e4dCs; it,1 tty, 292; problcir lected, 45; plans fv safety, 36; supetvisi 198; survey, 23fttho, Medical Care) ---- Organization! U n ited Staici, Cui- 4 USPHS, 116 -- -Welfare Fund, Heart, 163, 402; d 363; disease in . 209, 513; infcctioi sounds, 364 Heat cramps, 173, - lmtstion. 47 Heating, Hi Hestlcy, 161 Heilman, M. H., 32) llelser, Victor G., 30 Heiierieh, A lia i 0/ T F ittetele! arid Lax, 158 I I Heller, Edward P., 3 369 i Hemoglobcnuria, 16 Hemolysis, 164 Hemorrhage, 163, 1 318 Hemorrhagic shock, 1 166; (S e e alio. Si- Henderson, Melvin, 1 Henry Ford Hospital 404 _ j Hepatitis, 166 J Castieman Asbestos File on CRANE Co. w/c = with cover letter or memo If DATE = 0, undated CD-ROM Document#: Crane j| DATE = __article__ letter from __ medical__ trade journal __ published presentation from conference __ published government report __Fed Register notice __ government inspection results __ unpublished or internal report __ unpublished presentation from conference __ newspaper article __ letter memorandum __ industry warning labels __ industry sales literature __ industry recommended practices __ agenda ___ minutes ___ attendee list legal__deposition __ testimony o f______________ : other ' A FOSTER W HEELER ENERGY CORPORATION HO SO U T H o r a n g e A V E N U E LIVINGSTON N E W JER SEY 0 7 0 3 " " HONE 2 1 >'-5 '):*.T.OO July 29, 1983 Crane Company 5000 Executive Blvd. Elmsford, New York 10523 Attention: William A. Beirne R E C E IV E D JUL 5 1983 J. W. BROMAGE Subject-. ASBESTOS POLICY Gentlemen: Due to the proven hazards to human health attributable to even minimal exposure to asbestos and/or asbestos containing products, it is the policy of Foster Wheeler.Energy Corporation not to purchase asbestos or any asbestos containing product from any vendor. Accordingly, please be advised that if asbestos or asbestos containing products, parts or components are utilized in any goods or services currently being marketed by you, such goods or services will not be acceptable to Foster Wheeler in fulfillment of the requirements of any purchase order or contract placed with your company. In the event you are currently processing an order for Foster Wheeler which contains asbestos or an asbestos containing product, please contact us in writing immediately to arrange for an adequate substitute. We thank you for your cooperation in this most important matter. Very truly yours, CORPORATION L. A. Mattia 'D Director of Procurement cc N CRBBTX01010427 Castleman Asbestos File on CRANE Co. w/c = with cover letter or memo If DATE = 0, undated CD-ROM Document#: Crane ) r ^ DATE = __a rtic le __ letter fro m __ m e d ica l__ trade journal __ published presentation from conference __ published government report __Fed Register notice __ governm ent inspection results __ unpublished or internal report __ unpublished presentation from conference __ newspaper article letter memorandum industry warning labels industry sales literature industry recommended practices meeting __ agenda minutes le g a l__deposition __ testimony of other J okns-Marwille Tw e n t y -Two Ea s t Fo r t i e t h St r e e t . N e w Y o r k .N.Y. January 22, 1935 Mr. M. F. Judd, S e c r e ta r y , Raybestos-M anhattan, I n c ., B rid g e p o r t, Conn. Re: M ellon I n s t i t u t e o f I n d u s t r ia l R esearch _______ Symposium on D ust Problem s_____________ Dear Mr. Judd: As I in d ic a t e d to you ov er th e te le p h o n e t h i s a f t e r n o o n , I am e n c lo s in g a copy o f a memorandum I p rep ared f o r Mr. L ew is H. Brown r e g a r d in g my t r i p to P ittsb u rgh la s t Tuesday, January 15th , to attend the Symposium on Dust Problem s h eld under the a u sp ic e s o f the M ellon I n s titu te o f In d u str ia l R esearch. i^Pl/Cnr Very truly yours, c/ J ' Y Y z \ V andiver Brown A ttorn ey VB: T E n clo su re JA N 3 0 1335 R /l I'-N A 'rf / # tv. .i-v I u -- LlEHOE/uIDO?! RE:- UELLQU INSTITUTE OF Ii'.r<U'3IRIAL RESEARCH SIliPOOIULi ON DuST PP.QBLSI3 - PITTSBURGH j p g ? , i v 2 On o r a b o u t December 1 2 , 1934 th e H e llo n I n s t i t u t e o f I n d u s t r i a l R esea rch a d d r e sse d l e t t e r s to some 85 in d u s t r i e s having in d u s tr ia l d ise a se problem s in v itin g then to atten d n n e e tin g to be hold under the a u sp ic e s o f the I n s t it u t e on the 1 5 th day o f J a n u a ry . One o f th o s e i n v i t a t i o n s was r e c e iv e d by the A sbestos I n s titu te and, although the A sbestos I n s titu te did n o t a ccep t and was not o f f i c i a l l y r e p r e se n te d , Johus-Vum villQ C o r p o r a tio n r e q u e s te d und o b ta in e d p e r m is s io n to send u r e p r e s e n t a t i v e . The i n v i t a t i o n s e x p r e s s ly s t a t e d t h a t ''a tte n d a n c e -a t t h is m eeting need e n t a il no o b lig a tio n 0, Jolin s-Y 'an ville was r ep re sen ted a t the n eetin g by th e w r it e r o f t h i s memorandum. A p p ro x im a tely 250 p e o p le were p r e s e n t r e p e s e n t in g o v e r 50 i n d u s t r i e s w hich had a c c e p te d th e i n v i t a t i o n o f th e H e llo n I n s t i t u t e . The L iellon I n s t i t u t e rras g r e a t l y s u r p r is e d a t th e r en a r k a b lo r e s p o n s e and i t i s my opin ion that one cannot find a b e tte r in d ic a tio n of the serious n atu re o f the p ro b lea s i t was th e purpose o f the m eeting to d iscu ss. I was a b le to a s c e r ta in th a t th e lie llo n I n s t it u t e had been prompted to ca ll, the m eeting by r e p r e s e n ta tiv e s of th e sand and g la s s and th e r e f r a c t o r ie s I n d u s t r ie s . R epresen t a t iv e s o f th ese in d u s tr ie s con ferred w ith Hr. E. R. R o id le in , D ir e c to r o f th e I n s t i t u t e , and a f t e r a d v isin g him o f the n atu re o f t h e ir problem , o f i t s w id e-sp read ch a ra cter and numerous m enacing a s p e c t s , su g g ested th e need o f seme form o f con certed a c tio n on the part o f th ose in d u str ie s p resen tly or p o te n tia lly in v o lv e d . I u n d e rsta n d t h a t Hr. F . Y?. Sherw ood, V ic e - P r e s id e n t o f O r r e n s - I llin o is G la s s Company and Hr. R oger H u tc h in s, P r e s i d en t o f the American R e fr a c to r ie s I n s t it u t e , were th e persons who p r e se n te d th e s i t u a t i o n to th e H e llo n I n s t i t u t e . Ur. R e id le in , on b e h a lf o f th e I n s t it u t e , agreed, to cooperate to th e e x te n t o f c a llin g the m eeting and having the r e p r e s e n ta tiv e s spend a day in P ittsb u rg h as the g u e sts of the I n s t it u t e . There was some p r e lim in a r y d i s c u s s i o n a s to the p o s s i b i l i t y o f u sin g th e H e llo n I n s t i t u t e a s a c le a r in g house fo r in fo rm a tio n and r e s e a r c h upon a s p e c t s o f th e problem common to a l l in d u s t r ie s b u t d o f i n i t o commitments wrero p o stp o n ed u n t i l a f t e r th e h o ld in g o f the m eeting. An im p r e s s iv e l i s t o f e x p e r t s s p e c i a l i s i n g upon v a r io u s a s p e c t s o f th e d u st problem a tten d e d th e m eeting and '`I I ^ 2- d e l l v e r e d a d d r e s s e s . Among th o s e were Hr. A. C. B ir t h , a law yer a s s o c ia t e d w ith W illia m s, Eversman and organ, T oledo, O h io, a t t o r n e y s f o r Ow a n a - I l l l n o l s G la s s Company; D r. Eugene P . Penderg'i`a'33_'or dho X -ray L a b o r a to r y , U n iv e r s it y H o s p it a l, P h ila d e lp h ia ; Dr. A. J . Lanz a . A s s is ta n t M edical D ir e c to r o f the l i e t r o p o l i t ' S i m f e In su r a n c e Company; Dr. R. R. S a y e r s , M ed ical O ffic e r in Charge o f U. S. P u b lic H ealth S er v ice ; P ro fesso r Ph i l i p A. D r ink er o f th e S c h o o l o f P u b lic H e a lth , Harvard U n iv e r s it yf~Vir7~F. Robertson Jone3, G eneral Manager, A sso cia tio n o f C a s u a lty and S u r e ty E x e c u t iv e s ; and Mr. D onald E. Cummings, A ssista n t D irecto r, Saranac Laboratory fo r Study o f T ubercu losis. The a d d resses d e liv e r e d by th e se s p e c i a l i s t s , to g eth er vrLth th e open d i s c u s s i o n t h a t fo llo w e d them , r e v e a le d , among o th e r th in g s , the very menacing ch a ra cter o f the problem , i t s complex n a tu r e , th e u n c e r t a in t ie s a tte n d in g m ost o f i t s a s p e c t s and the n e c e s s i t y o f some form o f u n ite d a c t io n by the a f f l i c t e d I n d u s t r ie s . I t was r e c o g n is e d th a t some a s p e c ts o f th e problem were p e c u lia r to s p e c ia l I n d u s tr ie s but i t was e q u a lly e v id e n t t h a t o th e r a s p e c t s w ere common to a l l * For exam p le, o n ly two form s o f d u st, nam ely, fr e e s i l i c a and a s b e s to s , are d e f i n i t e l y known to produco d is a b lin g f ib r o s is o f th e lu n g . Even in the ca se o f th eso d u sts th e problems r e s u lt in g therefrom are q u ite d i f f e r e n t s in c e th e f i b r o s i s r e s u l t i n g from s i l i c a i s o f a much more s e r io u s c h a r a cter than th a t r e s u lt in g from a sb e sto s in th a t th e form er p r e d is p o s e s to t u b e r c u lo s is and i s much more l i k e l y to have a f a t a l te r m in a t io n . On th e o th e r hand (and t h i s i l l u s t r a t e s on e o f th e m ost s e r io u s a s p e c t s o f th e problem t h a t i s common to a l l d u st producing in d u s tr ie s ) th e f a c t th a t no o th er dust i s known to produce d i s a b i l i t y ha3 n o t p reven ted e n t ir e ly g rou n d less cla im s agg reg a tin g m illio n s and even hundreds o f m illio n s o f d o lla r s being brought a g a in s t in d u s tr ie s w hich have no 3i l i c a or a sb e sto s uu3t hazard. For exam ple, Dr, Lanza p oin ted out th at no one had ev er m a in ta in ed th a t gypsum d u st was harm ful and y e t , n e v e r t h e le s s , the gypsum In d u stry had s u it s pending a g a in st i t covering claim s in excess of four m illio n d o lla r s. I t app eared t h a t among th e problem s common t o a l l in d u str ie s were th e fo llo w in g : ( l ) The menace o f ambulance c h a sin g la w y e r s in c o m b in a tio n w ith u n sc r u p u lo u s d o c t o r s . The u n c e r ta in tie s surrounding d ia g n o sis o f any o f the v a rio u s forms o f pneum onoconio3i3 are so many t h a t a q u e s t io n o f f a c t i s p r e se n te d in every c a se . Expert testim on y con be pro duced by both p l a i n t i f f and d efen d an t and i t i s fo r the Jury to d ecid e whoso ex p erts are 3 - c o r r e c t in th e ir in t e r p r e t a t io n s . In making th is d e c isio n , the jury is not lik e ly to favor the opin ion o f the exp erts produced by the em ployer. (2 ) The d e s i r a b i l i t y o f nu kin g v a r io u s d u st d is e a s e s com pensable under p r o p e r ly drawn workmen' s co m p en sa tio n la w s . One o f th e speakers sta te d th a t nthe s tr o n g e st bulwark a g a in st fu tu re d is a s te r fo r ind ustry i s the enactm ent o f p rop erly drawn o c cu p a tio n a l d is e a s e l e g i s l a t i o n ' ' . Ouch l e g i s l a t i o n would (a ) e lim in a te th e ju r y and empower a M ed ical Board to pas3 upon the e x isten ce o f the d ise a se and the e x te n t o f the d is a b ilit y ; (b) e lim in a te th e s h y s te r law yer and th e quack d o c to r s in c e f e e 3 would- be s t r i c t l y lim ite d by the law; and (c) perm it the co rrect in g o f i n i t i a l m ista k e s in th e making o f awards by providing fo r hearings to reduce or elim in a te awards i f proof could be adduced th a t th e claim an t was not d is a b le d or th a t the e x te n t o f h is d is a b i lit y had been over estim ated. (3) Problem s o f v e n t il a t io n , d u st c o lle c t in g and e lim in a tio n , and r e s p ir a to r y d e v ic e s . (.4) Ti^e e s t a b l i s h i n g o f s ta n d a r d s (a ) f o r d u st co u n tin g and p a r t i c l e s iz e d e te r m in a tio n , (b) fo r the taking o f X -rays fo r d ia g n o stic u se, and (c) fo r th e in te r p r e ta tio n o f the markings on the film s so produced. At th e c l o s e o f th e d i s c u s s i o n a ?Jr. K u r ts , V ic e P r e s id e n t o f Am erican R e f r a c t o r ie s C o r p o r a tio n , made a m otion th a t U r. W illiam P, Y ant, Chairman o f th e m eeting a p p o in t a n o m in a tin g com m ittee who would n om inate a group o f in d iv id u a ls t o s e r v e as a com m ittee f o r th e fo r m u la tio n o f ways and means to b rin ft a b o u t e f f e c t i v e c o o p e r a tio n o f some c h a r a c te r betw een th e v a r io u s in d u s tr ie s fo r m eeting and com bating th o se phases o f th e d u s t problem common to a l l . T h is n o t io n was c a r r ie d and a nom inating Committee .appointed which r e t ir e d and upon r e tu r n in g p resen ted to th e m eeting the names o f seven in d iv id u a ls t o a c t a s such C om m ittee. No o th e r names having been p la ced in n om in ation , the fo llo w in g were e le c te d to a c t as th e Committee and r e p o r t back to th e v a r io u s in d u s t r i e s und g ro u p s r e p r e s e n te d a t th e m eeting or to whoa th e i n v i t a t i o n had been o r ig in a lly extended: ---4-- V an d iver 3rown r e p r e s e n tin g A s b e s to s , Cork and N o n -U e ta llic Dr. B . Dv S a k la tw a lla r e p r e s e n tin g C h em ica l, A b r a s iv e s , A llo y s and N o n -ferro u s m eta ls E. 0* J o n e s r e p r e s e n tin g F o u n d ries A. W- Sherwood r e p r e s e n t in g G la s s Sand, Ground Sand and G la s s M anufacture A. J* G e n th o lts r e p r e s e n tin g I r o n , S t e e l and Oroa A. J . R. C u r tis r e p r e s e n tin g Lime, L im eston e, Cement and - Gypsum Roger A. E itc h in s r e p r e se n tin g R e fr a c to r ie s,C e r a m ic s and C lcjs I e x p la in e d to th e o th e r members o f th e Committee th a t I had been s e n t to the m eetin g s o l e l y a s an o b se rv e r and had no a u th o r ity from J o h n s-V a n v ille C orporation to a ccep t membership on th e Committee and c e r t a in ly none from th e A sb estos In d u stry as a w hole. I was u rged , how ever, to meet w ith th e Committee and agreed to do so on the c o n d itio n th a t I m ight w ithdraw i f a p p r o v a l o f my s e r v in g i n t h a t c a p a c it y sh o u ld n o t be fo rth co m in g . I p o in ted o u t th a t members o f th e A sb esto s In d u stry did n o t care to be a s s o c ia te d in th e minds o f th e p u b lic or o f em ployees w ith th ose in d u s tr ie s whose problem was s i l i c o s i s and th a t f o r t h i s r e a so n I f e l t th e r e n ig h t be some o p p o s it io n to having a r e p r e s e n ta tiv e o f th e A sb esto s In d u stry working w ith them, I d id .in d ic a t e , how ever, th a t I r e a liz e d numerous a sp e c ts o f our problem were th e 3ame and t h a t i f c o o p e r a tio n co u ld be worked cu t w ith out an undue amount o f p u b lic it y , John s-M an vllle C orporation and perhaps the A sb esto s In d u stry ha a w hole, would in a l l lik e lih o o d be w illin g to co o p era te. I t was the o p in io n o f th e Committee th a t t h is c o n d itio n would n ot p resen t an7 Insuperable d if f ic u lt y . Mr, R oger H it c h in g , P r e s id e n t o f A m erican R e fr a c to r i e s I n s t i t u t e , was made Chairman o f th e Committee w hich h o ld a m eeting Tuesday even in g a f t e r th o c lo s e o f th e Symposium. Ur. H itc h iii3 was d e sig n a te d to meet w ith Hr. iV eid lein o f the R o llo n I n s t i t u t e and ask him to make a p r o p o s a l In d o f i n l t e and c o n c r e te form a s to ih e manner in which tho M ellon I n s t i t u t e m ight bo able to a s s is t tho various in d u str ie s fo r a feo o f 25, 000. When t h i s p r o p o s a l has b e e n x'ccciv ed and approved by th e members o f th e Committee, i t w ill be subm itted to the v a rio u s In d u strie s w ith tho recom m endation th a t i t be a c c e p te d and t h a t th e v r io u s in d u s tr ie s or in d iv id u a l corp oration s agree to stand good fur a p ro p o rtio n a te amount o f the fe e n o t In e x c e ss o f a d e fin ite s p e c i f i e d sum. - 5- I gath ered th a t the p rop osal which would bo nade b7 th e U e llo n I n s t i t u t e w ould in c lu d o , among others.., th e f o ll o w ing: (u ) The c o m p ilin g o f a co m p reh en siv e b ib lio g r a p h y o f a l l b ook s, t r e a t is e s and p u b lic a tio n s d e a l in g w ith any a sp e c t o f the d u st problem; and the evaluation th ereo f. (b) The c o m p ilin g , d ig e s t in g and c o r r e la tin g o f data and in fo rm a tio n from v a r io u s su b scrib in g in d u stries r e la tiv e to th eir p articu lar experi ences. (c ) The d r a ft in g o f approved workmen' s com pensation le g is la t io n covering pneum onoconiosis. (d) The d ig e s t in g o f th e law s o f th e v a r io u s s t a t e s which might a f f e c t the o p era tio n s o f in d u s tr ie s presenting a dust hazard. (e ) The o u t lin in g o f problem s r e q u ir in g r ese a rc h o r th e e sta b lish m e n t o f fix e d stan d ard s and the p rev en tio n o f d u p lic a tio n o f e f f o r t and expense along th ese lin o s . The in t e r e s t w ith which th e d is c u s s io n s were fo llo w ed and th e enthusiasm which g r e e te d th e p rop osal fo r u n ifie d e f f o r t le a d me to b e l i e v e th a t th e n e c e s s a r y su p p o rt w i l l be found fo r some s o r t o f program alon g th e above l i n e s . VANDIVEP. BROWN January 18, 1935 -V/-5A ^ r' at Silicosis Moetlng A igoltinger, Arthur, Southern heel Company, " 230 Park Avenue, Now York, H. Y. Allen, C, M,, S ta ff Supervisor, Safety c Training, The American dolling B ill Company, Middletown, Ohio. Allen, W, B., Personnel i&rdctor, Simondo Saw and Steel Company, Lockport, N. 1. Amos, W. F ., Manager o f Compensation, Bethlehem Steol Company, In c ., Bethlehem, P- Anderson, M. M., Aluminum Company o f America, Gulf Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. Atwood, F. H., Karbison-Walkor Refractories Co., r armorB Bank Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. Avey, dan M., (American Foundrymen' s Asaoc.) Ponton Publishing Company, Cleveland, Ohio. nyers, E. M., President, Ayers Minoral Company, Z anesville, Ohio, Bankor, E. 0 ., Gen, Supt., Ponna. Glass Sand Corporation, Huntingdon, Pa. Barmin)'Wi i.'^ Ciaima Youngstown Shoiit & Tutb_Coj,2 ` Youiightovrii, Ohio.'"' "' ' :.V;s Barrett, L, P., Jones 5: Laughltu Steel Company, 201 J. & L. Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. Bartholomew, Tracy, Juquosne Slag Company, diamond Bank Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. Beal, Goo. D., Ass't. director, tiolloa Institute, Pittsburgh, Pa. Bonnott, R, H,, The Boldon Brick Company, Canton, Ohio. Berg, Or, Chas, F ,, (United -onginooring & Foundry) 858 Lockhart S treet, H .S., Pittsburgh, Pa. Beyer, R. A., Control Tubo Company, Ambridge, Pa. Bidwoll, R. E., President, Abingdon Sanitary Mfg. Co., Abingdon, 111. Blank, E. F ., Jones & Loughlin Stool Company, 511 Ross Stroot, Pittsburgh, Pa. Bloomers, P ., II. H, ivobortson Company, P.000 Grant Bldg,, Pittsburgh, Pa. Bole, Ralph D., "inginetwing'Dopartmar.t, ?itisbiirgil .Plato Qiaea Company, rahji Bullcling; ^ ,burgh,- Pa. ..a`* .:4-.4dr*r>e**#**2*S/.**'H-:fc;'x.i.jA`t..*?; bovard, Dr, Paul G,, nllaghony S te el Company, brackonridge, Fa. Brandt, A. D., rliJlDon Products, Inc,, .'tending, Pa. Brown, Martin, \baited Zinc Smelting Corporation) jundsvilla, V7. Va. Brown, Vandiver, J.-jluis-Manville Corporation, nst 40th Strout, Mow York, N. Y. Burke, J . E,, President, National Ready Mixed Concreto assoc, , J. K. Davison & Mro., 42nd St Davison S treets, Pittsburgh, Pa. Campbell, C. d ., .toppers Company, aoppors Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. Campbell, E. J. , Vice Pxve., Sun Sand Company, ' Tnayer, W, Va, c.napboll, Join, Z-jglo Picher Load Company, Joplin , Mo. (Box 578) carman, C. F ., President, National S ilic a Works, Eerkoloy Springs, T. Va. Carr, J . 0 . , Allegheny Stool Company, Brackenridge, Pa. Chivorc, Dr. J. H., feodicol D ept., Corwith Plant, Crane Company, Chicago* ' 111. ! ' ' ' Cbormatin, 0 . * ,' The Pfaudio:4 Company, Kochosfeor, H* Y. ' '" ... *V.`; ' -P. Clare, R, Linn, Fedoral Seaboard Torra 0011-: C a rp ., Woodbridgo, N. J. Collord, George L., The Shonongo Furnaco Company, 812 Olivor Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. Couchman, A. R,, (Crushed Stone, Sand & Crave1. & Slag Industries) 1004 Baltimore Trust Bldg., Baltimore, Md. Crotchor, L. H., n s s 't. Direct. ,r, Mellon In stitu te , Pittsburgh, Pa. Crow, J . A ., Ayers Mineral Company, ZanosvillQ, Ohio. Cronin, Wm. J . , Secretary, Manufacturer1a Committee, Automobile Manufacturers Association, General Motors Building, D etroit, Mich, Cummings, Donald 12., Saranac Laboratory for the Study of Tuberculosis, Edward L. Trudeau Foundation, Ironwood, Mich. Curtis, A. J. h.> Portland Cement association, 53 West Grand Avenue, Chicago, 111. Davidson, W. W., Personnel Director, Tho Babcock & Wilcox Tube Co., Bayonne, N. J. Davies, J. D., Mine Safety App.liancos Company, uo._. Braddocjc, Thomas & Meado Streets, Pittsburgh, 'Pa, y';'', , ' Thd Culrisihg Companyj ..400 Mill AvuhUoj --^.VlildnBbui-gi i`n. -4C - baviaon, E. K., l. K. Davison & Bro., iVnd it Davison S treets, Pittsburgh, Pn. B ills , E, h,, Director o f S afety & Viol fare, VihudLing StouL Corporation, V/lieaLing, V/. Vrw Dickey, C. \ l., Manager, Compensation D ivision, Service Dopt., a. I . du Pont da Nemours & Co.*^ in e ., ,'ilintngton, Del. Engel, Dr. I-. C ,, iiolforo Director, The Corrigan, McKinney S toJ. Cc., Cleveland, Ohio. oodgo, J, S ,, Insurance Manager, l-'J.tt'jburgh Piate Diass Compnny, ii.ant Building, Pittspurgh, Pn. JonoghU'j, Thos. U. , Safety Engineer, Pittsburgh Plata Diasa Co., wodghton, Pn. borfan, M. I , , Dust C ollecting Divisio n , Elaw-Kuox Company, Pittsburgh, Pn. urimeer, Dr. C. K., 55 Shattuck S treet, Bouton, Mass. I.rinker, Dr. P h ilip , harvard School o f Public Health, 55 Von Dyke S treet, Bouton, Mass. DuBoio, H. B., Consolidated Feldspar Company, P. 0 . Box BCD, Dust Liverpool, Ohio. uunbar, F. B,, Plckond3, Mather & Company, ClL.ve1.and, Olilo. Filmer, U. T ., fOUngStOWU Shout & Tubu Co:-.|i.nj, foungbtovni, Ohio. F lin t, F. C ., Iiisul A tlas Glass Company, haehington, Pa. Ford, Karl L ., Glass Containor A ssociation, ID Wost 44th Stroot, Now York, N. Y. Frunzhcim, C. M., Consolidated Feldspar Corporation, P. 0 . Box 205, '(.'booling, W, Va. Erary, Dr. F. C ., Hoanarch Laboratory, Aluminum Company o f America, How Kensington, Pa. E'unston, S. K., Attapulgus Clay Company, 260 South Broad S troot, Philadelphia, Pa. Guhrm.an, Dr. G. H ., Medical D irector, Sorvicg Dopt., !;. 1 , du Pont do Honours & C.,., Inc. Wilmington, Dul. uurham, George T ., Cleveland C liff s Iron Company, Union Trust Building,. Claveland, Ohio. .. E L lio ij ' A*` i r. | f 5-.r.1 ,f . b S 'r*ti W'i i n n i . '' ' Gontholts, A. J . , A ss't. Gon. Attorney, depublic Stool Corporation, . Bopublio Building, Ohloj iV 4 , ` ,rr * * w k f w ,Wt* O n i k f l n i n n / Gibaon, A. C., Spang, Cholfont i: Company, In c ., E tn a /P a , f ^. ..t*p,,- . ;j.~ Hasard, H. .G,, Owens-Illinois Tolodo, Ohio. ''T-^S Glass Company, Glass, Dr. S. J . t J r ., Company Surgeon, American Sheet & Tin Plate Co,, FriCK Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. Heilman, Dr. ii. ft., Alloghany Stool Company, Brackonridgo, Pa. Hcmsol, H. G ., S afety D irector, loungstoira Sbeat & Tube Company, orau, Karl, 2111 Conray Building, Tlie Babcock & Wilcox Tuba Co., Youngstown, Ohio. 17th Street & 21st Avonuo, Beaver F a lls, Pa. Herr, H. T ., J r ., J . B. McCormick Company, - Si Groono, F. L ., 2Sth and A, V. R, R,, General Refractories Company, Pittsburgh, Pa. Claysburg, ?a. "Herron, Dr. Tbos. B ., h a ll, A. B. H ill Doctor, Hazel-Atlas Glass Company/ Wheeling, W. Va. Hall, J . T ., "Pittsburgh S to d Company, Uonessen, Pa. Karo, H. B ., Hall China Co., vJSasfc Liverpool, Ohio. Hirth, A. C ., Safety & h alfare DifcsSto?;-- _ _ Williams,' Evorswm & Morgan, SncKuesport Tin P lato 'Companyj"' " l * "Board o f Trade Building, Mclioosport, Pa. - .'. 'JVO'ri.i . "Toledo, Ohio. Harrington, Dr. F. B ., Chief Surgeon, Weirton Stool Company, hfcirton, Vi. Vn. "* ^H itchins, Roger A ., President, ,, rv."American Rofractorio3 In stitu te , / ' ,1608 walnut S treet, ' Philadelphia, Pa. r ~. - ; -r Harvey, Dr. A. H ., Crano Company, ' ' . Chicago, 111. . * . a* > Harvey, 0 . F ., American Car & Foundry Company,__^; 50 b'nurch Street," ; New York, N. X. Bodes, Dr. P h ilip , University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa. >Holbrook, E. A., .-- School o f Uines, University o f Pittsburgh, "Pittsburgh, Pa. ~ . A A, , - Hatch, J . W., . Abingdon Sanitary Mfg. Co., A b in g d o n , 111. -Hoyt, C. ., American Foundxymon's Association, 222 Rest Adana Street, Chicago, 1 1 1 . Hay, lcuseel G.f Ayers !4inoral Company, Z anesville, Ohio. H'.ythom , Dr. Samuel R ., Singer Memorial Laboratory, Allegheny Conoral Hocpital, Pittsburgh, Pa. Huggins, G. L ., General Sloetrio Company, 818 Fulton Building, Pittsburgh, Fa. Huth, Gordon C ., Uanagor, Bureau of Safety and casualty, Universal Atlao Comunt Company, 208 8. LnSallo Stroat, Chicago, 1 1 1 . Juhnoon, George W., E xcelsior Supply Company, 34th S tre et and A. V, R. 11. f Pittsburgh, Pa. p, j t> proaideat i ' P , J , Kross Box Companyi ' 1- ?.8th S tre et, " Pittsburgh, Pa. Johnston, Dr. Jolm, U. 8 . S te e l Corporation, 71 Broadway, Hew York,- H. Y. Jones, B. 0 . , N ition al Founders A ssociation , C9 South L aSalle B treo t, CMcago, 111, Kuaohlw, Benjamin, Employers Mutual In su ra n c e C-... Wausau, Wia. Kurtz, Thou. M., North American Refruct-irios C-;,, O liver Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. Jones, F. Robertson,Assoc, of Casualty & Surety Executives, 1 Park avonue, NuW York, N, Y. A ssistan t Medical eiructor, Mutropoliton L ife Insurance Co., 1 Madison Avonuo, Now York, tl. Y. Jones, l)i'. R. R ., Medical D irector, B o ll Telephone Company, 416 Seventh Avenue, Pittsburgh, la . Junkin, Hays U ., Knox, Strouss & Bragdon, 175 Juniata- S tr e e t, N .S., Pittsburgh^ Pa. Kahl, J . C ., Manager, United Engineering Ss Foundry Co., Vondergrift, Pa. K eller, J . U ., Manager o f Foundries, American Car Sc Foundry Company, 1558 South Vonduvontor Avenue, S t. L ouis, Mo, K elly , Dr. J . C ., (McKeooport Tin P la te Company) 219 S ix th avenue, McKoo3port, Pa. Kennedy, Dr. P . H ., Youngstown Shoot h Tube Company, Youngstown, Ohio. Keplingor, .-.a* j ; A'-s-'-S Metropolitan PAVlHg Brick bo. Cahton, Ohi o. , ` . L '.. L uitzol, F. 0#, Blaw-Knox Company, Pittsburgh, Pa. L e s c a llo tto , R. F ., Armstrong Cork Company, Beaver F a lls, Pa. Lindsay, Harry B ., S ec.-T ree s., Grinding Wheal Manufacturers ..ssoc , 27 Elm S tr e e t, W orcester, Mass. .. ` Logan, A. 'E ., Mgr., ; S a fety & Welfare Dopartmont, 'American Shoot and Tin Plato Co., Frick Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. Lohwan, H. Vi., United Zinc Smelting Corporation, ukiundavillo, W. Vu. Loxtorman, H. B-, Blnw-Knox Company, .. Pittsburgh, Pa. Lutton, C, L ., S afety D irector, Frick Coke Company, > 'T"'i'rick `Building Anngx, .... " 'A te McArn, D, G,, Works Mgr., Allia-Chalnsera Manufacturing Co, N .S., Pittsburgh, Pa. Morfoot,' F. G., Owens-Illinois Class Company, Toledo, Ohio. . i McConnoughy, Dr. J . B ., Murphy, Walter B ., Aluminum Company o f America, Director o f Plant Personnel, New Kensington, Pn. A tlantic Refining Company, 5144 Passyunk Avenuo, McCord, Dr. Carey P .} Philadelphia, Pa. Industrial Health Conservancy Lab., C incinnati, Ohio. Nichols, K. W., Tho F loridin Company, McCullough, Dr. J . ?, Narren, Pa. SOI Jenkins Aroads, Pittsburgh, Pa. _^Osmond, Dr. L. H., Hchibben, A. H., Macbeth-Evana Glass Company, _ ~501 Jenkins Arcade, Pittsburgh/ Pa, Charleroi, Pa, . _1 .... Pendergrass/ Dr. Eugene P ., Maclachlan, Dr. Ti. T7. G,, ' * Medical a r ts Building, University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa. Pittsburgh, Pa. -r' Manor, J / 'H ./V ic e President, ' Consolidated Feldspar _Company, _ '-v Potors, Dr/. S . E ., (Uino Doctor, Pgh. Steel) Masont<>wn, Pa. Jiast Liverpool,. Ohio. ! Pierce/ H .L ., Marshall,' J , G.,- Union Carbide Company, Tha K.~ A. Hanna Company, Cleveland, Ohio. Niagara F o ils , N. I . . ^ . ;. . . Uather, S; L ., Vice President, Cleveland C liff s Iron Company, Union T rust'B uilding/ ^ -r" P ierce, Vi. H ., kino Safety Appliances Camp.my, Braddock, Thomas & Ue&do Streets, ' Pittsburgh, Pa. Cleveland,-. Ohio;.' . - "/v'V ~^f ' c 'P itt, William J ., Matthews,- T. C., ' ^ *' DoVilbiss C ompany, Pennsylvania Pulverising Company/ ' ' V rr Lewiston, Pa* Toledo, Ohio. Poistcr,' R* S.*- Mawhinnoy, Dr. Nort, Morey H ospital, Pittsburgh, Pa. Vico Pres, in Charga of Operations, Aian hood Stool Company, Gonshohockon, Pa. Meiter, Dr. E. G,, Director, Industrial Hygiene Laboratory, Employers Mutual L ia b ility Insurance Company o f Wisconsin, BOO Empire Building, Milwaukee, d ie . M iller, H. B, Chief Bureau o f Smoke Regulation Dopartmont of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pn. Poth, J . J ., Jr., American Radiator Company, 40 Host 40th Stroot, Now York, N. Y. Powell, A. R., hoppers Research Corporation, hoppers Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. ; 'iti Prescott, W Ii,, J r . , Pickands, Mather & Company, Cleveland, Ohio. 'Sayors , Dr. R. R., 0 . S. Public Health Sorvico, Washington, D. C. Price, Charles M., Scott, MacLoish & Falk, 154 South LaSallu S treet, Chicago, 111. Schultz, H. A., l). S, Stool Corporation, 71 Broadway, Hon York, N. X. Putnam, John F ,, National S ilic a Company, Oi'Qgon, 111, Schnoim, Henry J . , Socrotnry, Gypsum Ass j c ia t l jn, E ll Heat Tiackar Drive, Chicago, 111* Racine, C. W. Williams, Sversmatt & Morgan, 2nd National Bonk B ldg., Toledo, Ohio. . ... . ; Sherwood, A. W., Vice Prus., O wens-Illinois Glaas Company, ',r - Toledo, Ohio. . . - w .,v . Randall, Clarence .B /,'V ic o p res.; Inland S te el Company, . ^ T if S h ip lo y , R. A . , ~ - National'Fireproofing Corporation, -. 1 s t National Bonk B ldg.,- k Fulton BundingT: 53 South Dearborn S tr ee t, ; 'r' '-'Pittsburgh, Pa. Chicago, I U ': r ' f '.ft- ra s is* *-.-* ^ , Shoudy, Dr. Lcyal a. , " r Reynolds, Paul F ; , V - ' - " l , /' Oglebay, Norton': Company/ " ^ 7 *. -1 i Chief of. Nodical Sorvico, - Bothlobc Stool Company, Inc., . The Hanna Building," ..- BetKLohOT, Pa.- ' Cleveland, Ohio.7:. ` *. ^ -VT * ' "ttx" "'i' --v-*tj7^SIsaon, I. B.,. - Riddell,' lVMurray,-` ' ' ' Manager o f Minos,';' . ' Instituto,; i'-y-['-^Pittsburgh, Pa. The Corrigan, McKinney Stool Co.,- ' D Cleveland, Ohio.' Rose, . A ., ' " . 7?,- r " v-jp nTr i ; * * * Comp:U3jr' Cumberland, Ud. Pickonds, Mather & Company, Cleveland, Ohio. : .................... m -p q ' Tabor, a . , :ys. a -Titanium Alloy Mig. Co., Rousseau, A.,' .. ''" . ,IU 5* Grinding Hhol Manufacturero Assoc;, ii ^4. <- ' ' a''' T.mnur, P. S*j . r 81" " " " Pittsburgh,, Pu< . . ,,. ~ 552 Si Michigan'Avenue I .ro "i * .y Thomas, Wm, E., Babcock & Wilcox Tuba Company, Beaver F alla, Fa, Weeks, H. J . , Manager, Employment, Safety <& el-faru Dupnrt.T.c American Steel & u'Lrxi Company, Thornton, George, Vice Pres,, Ottawa S ilic a Company, Hockcfoiler Building, Cleveland, Ohio. Ottawa, 111. i/oidlcin, E. R . , Director, T illo tso n , E, Trt,, A a s't. D irector, Mellon I n s titu te , Mellon Institute, Pittsburgh, Pa, Pittsburgh, Pa, Weil, Dr. G, C,, T itu s, W. C ,, Personnel D irector, Allegheny S tea l Company, Morey hospital, Pittsburgh, Pa. Brackenridgoi Pa,' "- ' Williams, Marshall, t ii n: J: . Tour, Samj E x e c .'S e d , v American. Bridge _Compuny, c* ` Frick Building^ Hon-Ferrous Foundry Association'. f o r T l .. , Pittsburgh, Pa, In d u strial 'Recovery, ~ " - i 4.7 Fulton Street|p':. . i 1 ... Sew York, ' ~ ; W illiamson, "George H., r - j . x . Davison BroT; * ' &.-aV- ..... . . i: v .^ ^ % .^ L ^ r ^ ir 4 2 B d & Davison S treets,' . Valentin," Dr. A .- C .,/ ' ' - ~ s .y ^ ^ ^ ^ p i t t s t b r g b ; Pa'T " r ' Henry D isstoa & Sons^ lacw'".' 's *? >./,,*. ------- i .......- ~ Vorks Mgr., ?v, 1 .................. ............ Cady Company, Ar,. Van'Haganf ' i^Roading'.^^' .JY&v r .-sv J. ' _ __ _____ _ _ Pulverizing Company, . t Vessy, S. C ,, -.vA .Fa. ' ' ~ ' <s^ ' .... o W. W, S ly Manufacturing Company,'-7 _ Woody, G. V ., Uanagor, * Cleveland," Ohio.' ~V7 T P i t t s b u r g h D is tr ic t, '' -- Voss, J . A., n . '* Director, o f Industrial halations, . " Republic S te e l C orporation^ ' Republic Building, Youngstown,; Ohio. ~ *3?- AUiS-CbalmorsMfgr Company, - . ' - JKoppors B uild in g, ' P.itts-bvurgh, Pa. Rychgol, Dr. James n ., Amurican Stoel & Wira Company, R.ickefellor Building, Tiatarsi T C;* ... Cleveland, Ohio: Pennsylvania P u lverisin g Company, Lewiston, Pa. Yanson, C. H.,, Secretory, Code Authority* Sandstone Industry, Watson, A* L. 1125 Builders Exohanga Building, Koppors Company, Cluvoland, Ohio. Jtoppora B uild in g, Pittsburgh* Pa* Yaht, Biiliam P.j Bureaii of Mined, Wabbr, G* J*i - - Assoc, of Mfra,;of Chilled Car Wheels, 1B47 UcCormick Eilding, " 4800 Farbei' Strodt* Pittsburgh* Pni Chicago* 111* -G ' " Yodor* Ray, /h-;'-)' ' ' Standard Stool Works Company, 7^1Brnhaa* U iffliti Co.^ Pa. .- -- ,, j m 4 Castleman Asbestos File on CRANE Co. 93 w/c = with cover letter or memo If DATE = 0, undated CD-ROM Document#: Crane ( 3 DATE =/ f ^ a r t i c l e __letter fro m ___medical j^ t r a d e journal __ published presentation from conference __ published governm ent report __Fed Register notice __ governm ent inspection results __ unpublished or internal report __ unpublished presentation from conference __ newspaper article __ letter __ memorandum __ industry warning labels __ industry sales literature __ industry recommended practices meeting __ agenda ___ minutes ___ attendee list le g a l__deposition __ testim ony o f ________________: other 0 A MONTHLY MAGAZINE FO R ENGINEERS AND CONTRACTORS CONCERNED W ITH COMMERCIAL, INDUSTRIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL AIR CONDITIONING. REFRIGERATION. AIR SANITATION. PIPIN G , HEATING AND VENTILATION y .a 3 3! se er y* J388 aa i NG uHuked hf THE INDUSTRIAL PRESS Also publishers ol MACHINERY and technical books President ROBERT B. LUCHARS Vice-President and Treasurer EDS/fsR A. BECKER Secretary ERIK.OBERS cbtanial Stafd Editor CLIFFORD STROCK , Associate Editor N. N. WOLPERT Assistant Editor WILLIAM FOXHALL PulduUfMf Snjfinmailm. HEATING AND VENTILATING is published monthly by The Industrial Press at 148 Lafayofto^Street, New York 13^ N. Y. Yearly subscription in the, United States, Spain, South America, Mexico, and Can ada, $2.00; in all other countries, $3.00. Single copies 30 cents. Entered as second class matter, April 18, 1925, at the Post Office, New York, N. Y., under the act of March 3, 1879. AdvettUl+uj. ep^ei&ntaiiuei. Eastern Representative HARRY J. TWINE 148 Lafayette Street New York 13, N. Y. Western Representative GEORGE G. TURNER 228 North La Salle Street Chicago I, 111. Pacific Coast Representative ROBERT H. DEIBLER 403 W. 8th St. Los Angeles 14, Calif. MEMBER Audit Bureau of Circulation Associated Business Papers CONTENTS FOR JAN UARY, 1946 VOLUME 43` NUMBER 1 W a s h i n g t o n N e w s .............................................................................................. 59 Loving F. Overman R e f r i g e r a t i o n fo r A ir C o n d i t i o n i n g A i r c r a f t ............................................ 63 B ernard L. M essinger C o n v e c tio n a l D isp e rs io n ................................................................................ 69 TV. 0. L . H e m e o n D u s t- P r o o f R e g u la to r ....................................................................................... 73 Air C lea n ers for In tern al Com bustionE n g in e s (Second P a r t ) . . 74 Leslie Silverm an D e h u m id ify in g and Air S ter iliz a tio n w ith T r je th y le n e G ly c o l . . . 78 S t e a m C o o k e r R e li n e d w i t h S t a i n l e s s S t e e l ............................................ 80 ! R a n d o lp h MocJcbee H eat and Ventilation in the Design of Dairy Stables-- R e f e r e n c e S e c t i o n .................................................................................... 81 J. L. Strahan R e f e r e n c e D ata 309-310.................................................................................... 88 A i r F ills t h e B a g ................................................................................................. 89 V e t e r a n s Learn W a t c h m a k i n g in a n Air C o n d itio n e d S c h o o l . . . . 90 I n d e x t o H & V 's R e f e r e n c e D ata, S h e e t s 1 t o 3 0 8 ............................... 91 N e w s of E q u i p m e n t a n d M a t e r i a l s ............................................................ 94 A b s t r a c t s a n d R e v i e w s ............................................. .'..................................... 98 N e w s of t h e M o n t h ..............................................................'............................ 99 D e g r e e - D a y s f o r N o v e m b e r , 1945................................................................ 106 N e w C a ta lo g s ....................................................................................................... 110 G e t t i n g P e r s o n a l ......................................................, . . . . .............................. 110 S in c e t h e L a s t I s s u e ......................................................................................... 112 I n d u s t r i a l D e g r e e - D a y s f o r N o v e m b e r , 1945............................................ 126 C a n a d i a n D eg r e e - D a y s f o r N o v e m b e r , 1945............................................ 126 C o m in g E v e n t s .................................................................................................... 127 C opyright, 1946, by T h e In d u strial P r e s s THIS MONTH'S COVER The engineer must view the cow as a heating and air conditioning plant in the design of dairy stables. See an engineer's analysis beginning page 81. W M . B. F O X H A L L Assistant Editor H e a t in g A N I) V E N T IT .A T IN G CONTROLLED air was the answer in one plant to the problem of packaging powdered asbestos. Arthur A. Gardner put the research department of Breslee Mfg. Co. to work on the problem of filling thousands of cotton bags with asbestos for dummy propelling charges required by the Army for practice firing of the 105-mm howitzer. The problem was complicated in several ways. First, each charge consists of seven bags loaded to specified weights ranging from 1.7 oz to 13.1 oz. Secon'd, the tackiness of the asbestos made hand weighing difficult and prevented the use of gravity feed-machines. Third, the dust of powdered asbestos is a health hazard. Mr. Gardner's engineers designed an assembly line of seven filling machines piped into a master vacuum system which both filled and weighed the bags by air. The operation of filling the bag takes place within an air-tight, box opened on one side by a sliding door, the frame of which is lined with sponge rubber to make an air-tight seal when the door is closed. The operator clamps the empty bag to a nozzle suspended from the top of the box. This nozzle con nects outside the box to a flexible transparent plastic : tube about 4 ft long. The open end of the tube is u^ed by the operator in picking up asbestos from a ' hopper resting on one side of a scale. The other side ; of the scale carries several small metal plates, the total weight of which perfectly balances the asbestos .. in the hopper. Each plate represents the exact weight of one filled bag. V With 'the scale in perfect balance, the operator removes a single metal plate, throwing the scale off 'balance the exact amount necessary to fill one bag.' Showing scale arra n g em en t and open door of vacuum box containing bag. clamped to end of saran plastic tube. She then inserts the mouth of the tube into the hopper and steps on a treadle to open a valve con necting the tube and fill-box to a vacuunvsystem. Asbestos is drawn from the hopper and deposited in the bag. As soon as the scale returns to balance, the operator closes the valve and the flow of asbestos stops immediately. Breslee engineers estimated that their vacuurn'filling system required 4S0 cfm through the tube. They installed, a Spencer turbine blower powered by a 7fd> hp motor at 3S00 rpm, which maintained the required vacuum, with a volume of 600 cfm, more than sufficient for the proper functioning of the system. This vacuum method of precision filling resulted not only in extreme accuracy but also in about 600% increase in production over hand weighing and filling. Still more important,.however, was the elimination of the hazard to health represented by the manual handling of the finely powdered asbestos. Part of packaging assem bly tine. Hoppers of asbestos on scales balance boxes of measured weights. As weights are removed one by one, asbestos is vacuum draw n o u t of hopper into cotton bag through flexible tra n sp a re n t tube to return scale to balance. Foot treadle controls vacuum. HEATING AND VENTILATING, JA NUARY, 1946 so ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF ADVERTISERS A Ae!;pfl.n C orporation .......................... 44 A ir C onditioning P ro d u c ts Co. . . . 31 A ir Devices, In c .................................... 115 A irtem p Div. C hrysler C orp............ 49 A irth e rm Mfg. Co................................. I l l Aleo Valve Co......................................... 39 A m erican A ir F ilte r Co., In c ............ 54 A m erican B rass Co.............................. 35 A utom atic P ro d u c ts Co...................... 114 B B adger C o rp o ra tio n ............................ 121 B aldw in-H ill Co..................................... 118 B ethlehem Steel Co.............................. 34 B ry a n t H e a te r Co.................................. 8-9 Buffalo B o lt Co...................................... 12 Buffalo F o rg e Co................................... 23 B yers, A. M., Co.................................... 1 C C arey, P h ilip , Mfg. Co....................... 47 C e n tu ry E le c tric Co............................. 55 C h ry sle r C orporation ........................ 49 C larag e F a n Co..................................... 45 Classified A d v e r tis in g ....................... 128 C ondenser Service & E n g rg . Co., Inc. ........................................... 117 Cpnnor, W. B., E n g in e e rin g C orp.. 126, C rane Co.......... .'................... 32 C row n I r o n W orks Co......................... 117 C urtis R efrigerating Mch. Div. of C u rtis Mfg. Co................................... 50 D Delco M otors Div., G eneral M otors C orp....................................................... 29 D em uth, C harles, & S o n s..................... 115 D e tro it L u b ric a to r Co......................... 48 D ravo C o r p o r a tio n .............................36-37 D unham , C. A., Co. ......................... 52 E E le c tric A uto-L ite Co.......................... 46 E lgo S h u tte r & Mfg. Co........................'113 Extended Surface Div., David E. K ennedy, In c ......................... '........... 33, F F a rr Com pany .................................... 11 F itzgibbons B oiler Co., In c ............... 24 F ric k C o m p a n y .................................... 120 G' G eneral C ontrols Co............................ 124 G eneral E le c tric Co............................. 58 G ra n t W ilson, In c ................................ 123 H H ays Corp............................................... 121 H en ry V alve Co..........In sid e B ack Cover H ow ell E le c tric M otors Co............... 60 Ice-Air C o nditioning Co., In c ........ 115 Ingersoll S teel & Disc Div., Borg- W a rn e r C orp...................................... 51 J Jo h n so n F a n & B low er Corp........... 27 Jo h n so n S ervice C o .'.......................... 57 K K ling B ro s...................; ......................... 125 K orfund C om pany, Inc........................ 116 L ew in-M athes Co. 41 M M arley Co., In c .................. / ................. 127 M arsh H e a tin g E q u ip m e n t Co. . . . 10 M cDonnell & Miller, Inc. .. B ack Cover McQuay, Inc, ................................; . . . 6-7 M eier E le c tric 'S ; M achine Co......... 113 M inneapolis-Honeyweli R egulator Co....................... .....................' ............. 43 Mo.dine M a n u fac tu rin g Co................ 30 N N ash E ngineering Co. 62 N elson S ales C orp................ '............. 15 N ia g ara B low er Co.............................. 121 ' 0 O akite P ro d u c ts, In c .................. 127 . O 'Connor, w ( B., E ngrg. Co.................126 P Patterson-IC elley Co., In c ................ Ill Peerless Pum p Div., Food M achjn-' ery Corp.............................................. 115- P etroleum H e a t & P o w er Co.........., 20, P ropellair, In c ................................. 28 R R e se arc h P ro d u c ts Corp................... R evere Copper & B rass, Inc............105 Reznor M anufacturing C o . I l f Ric-wiL Corporation, In sid e F ro n t Cover, S Sarco Co., In c .......................................... 25 S a rc o th e rm C ontrols, In c ................... 19 Sm ith, H . B,, Co., In c ........................... 101S urface C om bustion Corp.................. 13. T T aylor F orge & P ipe W o rk s........... 21 T hrush, H. A., & Co..................... -. . . 66 T o rrin g to n Mfg. Co.............................. 119 T ran e Co...................................... 4-5 T riplex H e a tin g S p ecialty Co..........122; T u ttle & B ailey, In c ........................... TJ United S tates A ir Conditioning Corp....................................................... 18 U nited S ta te s G auge Div., `A m eri can M achine & M etals, Inc....... 53 U. S. M achine C orp............................ 42 W W a n t A d v e rtisem en ts ..................... 128, W aterloo- R e g is te r D iv...................... 113 W eb ste r, W a rre n , & Co.................. W hite-R odgers E le c tric Co..............1091 W hitlock M a n u fac tu rin g Co...........119? W ilson, G rant, In e ..................................1231 W ing, _L. J,, M fg, Co........................... 14' W orthington .Pump & M achinery Corp............ .......................................... 16? Y Y arnall-W aring Co.............................. 22" Y ork-Shipley, In c ................................. 17 Y oungstow n S h e e t & Tube.Co. . . . 40 - CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING N o n - d i s p U y a d v e r t is e m e n t 1 0 o e a t* a, w o r d p e r i a ie r t i e a . ( N o c h a r g e f o r n a m e a n d a d d r e s s .) M i n i m a c h a r t * $2.0* P a y a b le in advance. FI12LD EN G IN E ER S: Leading m a n u fa c tu re r has openings for experienced engineers in Re frigeration, Air Conditioning and Heating. College graduates with Sales Engineering Application knowledge desirable. Salary, car and traveling expenses provided. 'W rite,'giv ing full background and qualifications in first letter. W rite Box No. 490, HEATING AND VENTILATING, 148 Lafayette Street, New Y ork 13, N . Y. MECHANICAL ENGINEER w anted by wellknown m anufacturer of heating equipment for research and development. Experience w ith combustion' and particularly with small gas fired appliances desirable.' Location New York vicinity. Please state age, education, experience. Replies held confidential. Box No. 485, H EA TIN G ANJ> V EN TILA TIN G , 148 L afay ette S treet, New Y ork 18, N . Y. HOW TO SELL TH E CHICAGO AND MIDDLE W ESTERN MARKET Live w ire sales re p re sen ta tiv e w ith 15 years successful background, available to a m anu facturer of Malleable and C ast Iron Pipe F it tings, Steel Pipe Nipples, C ast Iron Soil Pipe or Copper Tubing and B rass Pipe. I have o r ders on hand, also a very broad acquaintance w ith key buyers of, and m ajor users of, these products in this- territory, and my sound sales plan will assure maxim um results. If your company has these m eritorious products and is deserving of optimum sales distribu tion, it will pay you to consider strongly my comprehensive sales-representation for your coverage of this territory. Can give you a minimum guarantee of set dollar volume or you need not'pay m e one penny commission if I fail to m eet quota d u rin g 90 day trial period. W rite or W ire Box No. 481, HEATING AND VENTILATING, 148 Lafayette Street, New Y ork 13, N. Y. SALES ENGINEER; For N ational Accounts. College G raduate'w ith experience in Air Con ditioning desirable. Vacancy existing in estab lished m anufacturing company operating on nation-wide basis. W rite, giving full back ground and. qualification^ in first letter. Box No. 488, HEATING AND VENTILATING, 148 L a fa y e tte , S treet, New Y ork 13, N. Y. EXECUTIVE POSITION WANTED by grad u a te m echanical engineer w ith 25 years engi neering experience in building construction, heating, ventilating, air conditioning and commercial refrigerating equipments. Profes sional licensee. Location preferably E astern Central Seaboard. Salary $7,000. Box No. 487; HEATING AND VENTILATING, 148 L afay ette S treet, N ew Y ork 13, N . Y. SAVE vital trucks, gasoline and tires. Re duce costs. N ot too late to sta rt autom atic fuel oil tru ck deliveries. W rite us. Degree Day System s, 5106-39th Avenue, Wood3ide, N. Y. WANTED--- H igh class installatio n and service m anager for com plete heating system s, oil burners and air conditioning. If you have the ability communicate w ith ue a t once. M echanical Devices Go., Inc., 141 Oakland Street, Trenton, New Jersey. Trenton 8208. W E ARE interested in securing the services of a Designing Engineer fam iliar w ith Low Pressure Boilers for commercial and house hold use. Perm anent connection. Replies held confidential. Send letter stating age, draft statu s, education and p ast experience. Statem ent of availability required. Box 430, HEATING AND VENTILATING, 148 Lafay e tte S treet, N ew Y ork 13, N. Y. DISTRICT R E P R E S E N T A T IV E : Leading m anufacturer has openings for seasoned men in H eating, Cooling and Commercial Refrig eration. Specialty selling and dealer selection knowledge desirable. Salary, car and travel ing expenses provided. W rite, giving full background and qualifications in first letter. . Box No. 489, HEATING AND VENTILATING, ! 148 L afayette S treet, N ew York 18, N. Y. { POSITION W ANTED-- A rm y Captain, Corps of Engineers, seeks .responsible position. 5 years experience i n ' engineering sales,, es tim ating and design of heating,, ventilating and air conditioning. References on request Box No. 483, HEATING AND VENTILATING, 148 L afayette S treet, New York 13, N . Y. POSITION W A NTED -- G raduate of an AirConditioning and Electrical Refrigeration School w ishes fu r th e r practical train in g with a reputable firm. Location and salary secon dary. Single, Honorably discharged veteran. Box No. 484, HEATING AND VENTILATING, 148 L a fa y e tte S treet, N ew Y ork 13, N . Y. WANTED*---M an w ith experience in sales en gineering to m anage branch office a t Balti more. Company distributes all types of fans, blowers and pum ps. D istribution of equip m ent to be handled through established job ber o u tle ts. F a n line includes all types of propeller, axial flow and special industrial fans. C entrifugal line includes all types of a ir conditioning fan s, also all types ' of high pressure blowers. Applicant shall have had experience in equipm ent of th is class. Salary and bonus. Box No. 486, HEATING AND VENTILATING, 148 Lafayette Street, New York 13, N. Y. 128 JA N U A R Y , 1946, H E A T IN G AND V E N TILA T IN G Castleman Asbestos File on CRANE Co. w/c = with cover letter or memo If DATE = 0, undated CD-ROM Document#: Crane j DATE = 1 9 3 6 ^ a rtic le letter from medical journal __ published presentation from conference __ published government report __Fed Register notice __ government inspection results __ unpublished or internal report __ unpublished presentation from conference __ newspaper article __ letter __ memorandum __ industry warning labels __ industry sales literature __ industry recommended practices meeting __ agenda ___ minutes ___attendee list legal__deposition __ testimony o f____________ other UAMTACTUIUS \C * J Silicosis Committee verdict of {IOOGO Sfainit thr company had sfterwards been set aside by the Court of Appeals on the ground that no negligence Illinois M anufacturers'Association nn 'hr part oi the employer had been rilaMi'lird, but ihe erpen-e id the cate liad to be borne me cmpio)cr O. E. M o u n t, C h a irm a n Sil ic o s is and similar diseases caused V the inhaling o[ dun have created such a problem (or all Illinois manu(ac> nirtrs. involving millions ot dollars in claims (or damaies m common-law suits, out. there is weakness, more frequent colds, bronchiiii, influents and presently tubercu losis following silicon! due to irritation. "The Question ultimately must be settled ona permanent basis with a properly drafted Mr. Hinh thought all such cases should be tried under the Workmen's Compensa tion Act. Thtrc was no need of a jury. Tht evidence should be presented to com missions, as was the practice in Canada and Great Britain. He referred to US cases against one employer in St. Louis, that the only remedy seems to be la includt occupational disease law. A stale board whieh had netted J100.000 for one attorney, such cases in site Workmen's Compensa to pass upon silicosis am) similar diseases if silicosis cites were tried before a com tion Acs. should be appointed, separate from the mission. it would be possible to pay the Several mcetinis o! the Silicosis Com present Industrial Commissinn, The Illi eiimpenution in monthly iniullmer.ts and mittee and its sub-eommiitee were held nois Industrial Commission does not want if the emplnye went Joack to work and during the year. At a meeting on Septem a lot of lung cases. Dust will have to be -showed an improved condition, the award ber (, it was unanimously decided to intro duce an amendment if possible at a special session of the Legislature, reading at fol lows: stopped at its origin si a result of more careful methods in factories. Dissemina tion of dust must be avoided. "hew industries can cope with this silico could be cut down or discontinued. J. L Eariywinc of the Illinois Steel Company stated that up to three nr four years ago, no employer realized the danger Amend paragraph 7 of section 8 of the sis problem and remain flnaiseially sound, front aificasii and other dust disease*. Compensation Act by inserting therein even if they settle tile eases. There should Twrnty yean *go' no foundry ever had after the word in the second line, "vapors," be physical examinations at leist every a e*te of silicosis, if lawyers and doctors the following: "silicon dioxide dust or other six months and if the' workman shows were honest, most of the casts could be noxious or poisonous dusts," to thit said paragraph shall read as follows: "In any enterprise wherein molten metal, or explosive or injurious gases or vapors, silicon dioxidt dust nr other noxious or poisonous dusts, or inflammable vapors or fluids, or corrosive seids are manufactured, tuberculosis or hrated tuberculosis, he should be put in somt other occupation. ! know of twenty men who art the apparent picture of health, but x-ray examinations show silicon dioxide." Dr. Htrvey recommended that thoae present secure the following publications foe dr (cued, he said. SUlttm Dfaarif* Mr. Eariywm* stated he had defended casa during Uselast two and one-half yeara and had reached the conclusion that silicas dioxide sola the only dangerous dust. He thought it would be sufficient to hmend the used, generated, stored or conveyed in a study of the effect of dust tipna certain Act to co m such cases. Every industrial dsngerous quantities.'' diseases: employtv of HUiwia was subject So such Nm ffreviiiew Report by the Industrial Commission of n s sad muse be in a position us defend Thereafter add to section 3 a new para Wisconsin, on "Effect of Dtssc Cpon the Respiratory System." himself against a racket. He referred to damages ' whieh SO per cent of the fan graph 7>i as fcdlowt: Any disability to or death of an em Report by the Industrial Commission of Wisconsin, giving general orders in con weta to the lawyers and stated that if an empiuya obtained a judgment of S13,000, ployee resulting from txpostsrt to silicon dioxide dust or other noxious or poisonous nection with dust fumes, vapors and gases. Report by t commission appointed by he would be lucky if he got 33.000 tar himself afttr ail the court ca ts were paid. dusts, shall constitute an accidental injury Governor Hindu* on oecwtwtional diseases, He rtlcrrtd t an unsuccessful attempt for which compensation shall be payable issued by the Rrnniylvaaia Industrial Com to secure an amendment to the Workmen't under this Act." After a brief {mentation of the pur mission. Harrisburg. Journal of the American Madia! .Vsso- Comactuation Act at the last session of the IHmaes General Assembly, the failure bring pose nf this meeting. Dr. A. U. Harvey cutkm for Aogust 19. IM}, largely due tu the fact that the employers of the Crane Company was called open to discuss "Silicinis and Dust Diseases iro n a {rgsl ifisteU west nut usmed. The present plan was to Medical Point of View-.' A. C Hirsh of the Oerent-lttiaois Class introduce a amendment to the Workmen's CnmpeasattM Act. which woatd include Silicon and simitar dust diseases. Dr. I Company, talked on the "Legal Aspects ot silicon dioxide and ocher dust diseases, and Harvey pointed out, confront Illinois and \ Silicosis and Other putt ftisoscfc ev..e..r.y.....o..t*he--r--s--t-a-t-e A* ftw----m---o-n-tMhsn-atgocasise involving ds>t dimeset con- h wotdd be necessary to obtain an agree* rgpu with organised tabur to the amend wgJOas,OWes1t.0im00ahteadd cditahmeragbeetsclatriimeds oirnsvtaalrvaicndg. sbmadutirtdi asrearcwknet, bsiedes.taleWd,hbilien tmheanpyrocbalesems ment io nrdtt so have the proposal sub Probably double that amount at the present were frandalet*. an employer tuM not go mitted fas the Governor's tail for a Special time confront employers. Compensation is tntn cnort with their IravfuWnt chaneter Session, aad siso for the reason tliut a two- asked of induttry for certain workers who as a basts. Many cases were hnm Ada. thirds rule a t the Legislature was neces presumably a rt disabled, bet is reality a There miglit nr might m* be liability. sary to usure the passage o! the proposed tribute is being levied upon industry by Fur it10 years there has been knowledge aiuDtnavrtimd mX.isC- laarSkpe,ecciaolunsstelk, etia.lked act the tpheorsseonws howhaorc rimiiminetothebetribmuituenfdro, mTthhee ttahiun tcyeprteatinnldidsueasst.e*TwheerelawcaumsetdlrmbyplcaetHr importance of having the amendment is- money is going to smart doctors and that a workman should have a safe place Chsded in the cell foe a special sessm and lawyers. in which to work. For twenty years there proposed that Mr. Earlywine lake the n u t "Thirty years ago." said Dr. H im y . has bent more or less knowledge nf dust ter up with representativa os labnr. "it was predicted that a gradual increase diseases in varimss countries and for if - V . E. Cmeombe of the American Man of lung diseases due to uccupatMial dust torn years this country has bees studying ganese Steel Company, stated siliensis cases might be expected, but no one expected the the effect nf dust upon the respiratory sys involving {21000,000 m damages were on ro w 'll nf thousands of cases. It has been tem. the court doektts in New York. called a deprc-sinn discs*--the plaintiff Mr. Hirsh ruled that the subject #1 tpe- F. H. Elam oi the Amrrican Star! Foun dries, stated the increased o t oi menpensa- hat nothing to lose and may have some thing to gain. cisl legislatiiet covering dust hasards had been considered in a number oi stairs amt tm cases in Pennsylvania cnvtring silico sis amounted to about 8 per emt, "Silicosis and simitar diseases are caused in several suits laws relating tu the haaard by the inhalatiun of miernsenpie partitlri' had been enacivd. In rtatrs where such Coenaotwethh Edison Company, Chi of silica which lodge in the hunts and de laws were imt in tfftet. plaintiffs took their cago. has iled with thr Illinois Com velop slowly--the progress of die di-case elaimi fur damage before common law merce Commission a series nf industrial depending upon the iiueiuiiy inhaled and the courts. This was exceedingly expensive rate changes which should nteres! many time oi ex insure. Symptoms aptwar for employers. The Pennlvsnia Pulver- tiiaiinfaeiurrrs in Chicago. The com slowly, with <hnrtnet m hrmtli and rtiifi* Iff taw had cot KOTrt) Inr lotal ex- pany's cnniract department is prrparrd cully m breathing. The atiprtite is csprici- iwn-es. including a rented of tfie cate. A to give full information. 6 3 3 Castleman Asbestos File on CRANE Co. w/c = with cover letter or memo If DATE = 0, undated CD-ROM Document#: Crane fo DATE = letter fro m __medical__ trade journal published presentation from conference published government re p o rt.__Fed Register notice government inspection results unpublished or internal report unpublished presentation from conference letter memorandum industry warning labels industry sales literature industry recommended practices meeting __ agenda ___ minutes ___attendee list legal__deposition __ testimony of other CORPORATIONS: The Master Plumber -- Pnntout -- TIME 5 /1 9 /1 1 8:36 AM o Spilli A P h o to Historyof th Sulf B h Back to Article Jf; C lick to Print P i za#** Monday, .Jun. 13. i 960 CORPORATIONS: The Master Plumber To build his giant H. K. Porter Co., Thomas Mellon Evans has taken over some 40 smaller companies, molded them into a widely diversified, tightly run industrial complex (1959 sales: $225,956,904). Last year Evans shoved his way into Chicago's old and ailing Crane Co., the nation's fifth-ranking manufacturer of plumbing fixtures, and started out to put together a plumbing-fixture empire with Crane as a base and Michigan's Briggs Manufacturing Co. as a major part. But last week cocky Tom Evans, 49, suffered his first major setback. In Detroit a federal judge issued a temporary restraining order thwarting Evans' effort to take over Briggs, the nation's sixth-largest maker of plumbing fixtures (1959 sales: $21,502,583). While Evans was buying into Briggs, he picked up the facilities of four firms--Chapman Valve Manufacturing Co., National-U.S. Radiator Corp., Swartwout Co. and Pipe Fabricators. When Briggs directors flatly turned down his offer to buy Briggs outright, Evans (through Crane) bought 21% of Briggs's common stock, the largest single block. He was all set to elect at least part of an "independent board" o f his own choice, which was likely to be more amenable to his taking over. But the court found that Evans' attempt to take over Briggs may violate antitrust laws, blocked him from voting his stock at the annual meeting June 17 unless an appellate court, now? pondering the case, reverses the decision. FTC Charges. Evans' rapid acquisitions of plumbing-fixture manufacturers also brought an antitrust complaint from the Federal Trade Commission. Evans had his own explanation for the complaint. To the New York Society o f Security7Analysts he said darkly: "Somebody came to me several months ago and said, 'If you don't get out of Briggs, one o f the family is married to a Senator from Michigan, and rve're going to stir up things in. W ashington.' " Michigan's Democratic Senator Philip A. Hart, hup //v/m vu irn e .co m /ttm e/prm tou t/0 ,8 81 6 ,9 4 Q 6 23 100.htrrl Page 1 of 3 CORPORATIONS: The Master Plumber -- Printout -- TIME married to a daughter o f the firm's founder, heatedly denounced Evans' innuendo. 5 /1 9 /1 1 S.36 AM Next month FTC pre-hearing conferences begin in Washington. If the FTC proves that Crane's acquisitions are lessening competition, Evans will have to dismantle the plumbing combine he so rapidly built up. Evans answers that American Radiator & Standard Sanitary so dominates the field that it accounted last year for 45% to 50% o f all sales in the U.S. "If they want real competition," says Evans, "letting Crane merge with these smaller companies is one way of doing it. Otherwise, it will be a race to see who goes broke first." Unmoneyed Mellon. Tom Evans, a distant cousin of Pittsburgh's moneyed Mellons, has made a personal fortune on his own estimated at $ 8 0 million. After graduating from Yale in 1931, he got a start as a $io o-a-m on th clerk in the office of William L. Mellon, then head of Gulf Oil Corp. Showing budding financial genius, Evans rented Gulf stock from Mellon at 3% interest, used the stock as collateral to borrow money to play the market. Iiis profits he plowed back into Gulf stock, used his returns to buy into H. K. Porter, a faltering manufacturer of steam locomotives. By 1939 Porter was forced into bankruptcy, and Evans became president when it was reorganized. With the Porter company as a base, Evans set out to acquire others, showed him self a clever and cool reorganizer of corporations. His method is simple: he looks for faltering companies that have potential earning power and whose s tock is selling for less than the company's book value. He also likes to find a company with cash in the till to help pay the purchase cost. Evans never merges his company with others through stock swaps, instead buys the other.company's stock and retires it, thus increasing the value of the purchasing company's stock. Per-share value of Porter slock increased from $9.32 in 1950 to $49.43 last year. Evans states his business philosophy simply: "A chief purpose of corporations is to make money for the stockholders." A major ill in U.S. business, Evans believes, is that not enough directors have their financial fate riding on the company they direct. Says Evans: "Good business is self-interest. If a director does not have as much stock as he can afford, he is simply not involved enough." Evans practices his beliefs: he owns 7 6 % (worth $43 million) o f Porter's common stock; in Crane he owns 162,000 shares, worth $8,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 . No Heart? When Evans moves into a faltering company, he ruthlessly shakes it up. W ien he took over Crane, he closed or sold 43 o f its 130 branch outlets and fired four vice presidents. Six directors have quit the board. Crane executives who watched him in operation call him "crude and .brutal." Pickets striking against Crane carried signs at the annual meeting reading MONEY MAD EVANS HAS NO HEART. hup ;/vsv./w.time.com/U{Te/pnntout/0>8816,940623>00,htmJ Paqe 2 of 3 CORPORATIONS; The Master Plumber -- Printout -- TIME 5 /1 9 /1 1 S.-36AM But under Evans' firm hand, Crane is doing better. While sales fell last year as Evans slashed unprofitable lines of products, earnings jumped to $6,517,746 (v. $2,167,345 hi 1958). This year the trend continues; earnings for die first quarter were 67$ per share (v. 38P for the same period last year). And although Evans must justify his expansionism to a federal court in the U.S., he has no antitrust worries in Europe. There he has already invested more than $ 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 so far this year in three plants for Crane. He expects to add others soon. Click to Print Find this article at: http://wvvv.time.eom/time/maaazine/artide/o.Qi7i.Qito622.oo.html Copyright 2011 Time Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part without permission is prohibited. Privacy Policy { Add TIME Headlines to your Site | Contact Us ) Customer Service http / / w w w .tim e .co m /u m e /p n n to u t/0 J8 81 6 l940623,00.htm l Page 3 of 3 Castleman Asbestos File on CRANE Co. ( /fS7^ w/c = with cover letter or memo If DATE = 0, undated CD-ROM Document #: Crane DATE = article__letter fro m __ medical__ trade journal published presentation from conference published government report __Fed Register notice government inspection results unpublished or internal report unpublished presentation from conference article letter memorandum industry warning labels industry sales literature industry recommended practices meeting __ agenda ___ minutes ___attendee list gal__deposition __ testimony of other CORPORATIONS: Hmrloom Collector -- Printout - TIME 0 / U S.Sv , The ranking heirloom collector of U.S. business is a Pittsburgh millionaire named Thomas Mellon Evans. His heirlooms are old, family-owned business enterprises that have fallen on hard times, and his specialty is modernizing them. Last week Tom Evans, chairman of Pittsburgh's I-I. K. Porter Co., Inc., an industrial combine with assets o f $57 million, added another heirloom. He took over as board chairman and chief executive officer of Chicago's Crane Co., the nation's largest manufacturer of valves, fittings and pipes, in a shake-up of 104-year-old Crane's management. Evans cast his collectors eye on Crane in the fall of 1957, when the company's sales were slipping from a record $394 million in 1956 to $378 million. He began buying up stock, asked to get on the Crane board, but was Lorried down. As Crane sales dropped to $336 million in 5958, Evans decided that the tim e was ripe to move, called in Proxy-Battler Aliens Landa, boss o f Penn-Texas Corp., to help. Stock Control. Hoping to avoid a proxy fight, Evans and Landa persuaded Gurdon Wattles, chairman of Electric Auto-Lite Co. and a Crane director, to back them with 322,900 shares o f Crane stock owned by Auto-Lite. They also went to Mrs. Emily Crane Chadbourne. 89, only living daughter of Crane's foimder, explained that Evans' chief argument with Crane President Neele E. Stearns was over Stearns's slowness in expanding the firm's inadequate network o f independent wholesalers. Proof of Evans' complaint was Crane's first-quarter earnings (23b per share v. 210 last year), which did not show' the strong comeback from the recession of Crane's chief competitors, Mrs. Chadbourne decided to back Evans and Landa with her 120,759 shares, and they agreed to put Grandnephew Robert Crane on the board. Meantime, Evans him self had continued buying Crane stock until he had amassed 155.000 shares. http://wvvw.tim e.com A{me/pr}r'tcct/0,SS16.S6SSij6,00.html Page i o f 2 CORPORATIONS: Heirloom Collector - - Printout - - TIME 5 /1 9 /1 1 8:39 AM This, together with the Wattles and Chadbourne shares, gave him 25% of Crane's stock, enough to do what he wanted. Evans and Landa placed four new directors on the board, and Stearns resigned when he saw his power drained away by the insurgents. Cold Cash. Tom Evans, at 48, has amassed a fortune with his knack for changing corporate hard times into good times. He started at 28 by taking over H. K. Porter Co., money-losing locomotive manufacturer, built it up into a profitable combine of 18 divisions specializing in electrical and steel products. In the last 15 years he has acquired more than 30 companies. Evans built his pyramid with cold cash. When he won control of a company, he nurtured it until it began to generate cash, then used the cash to buy yet another company. In the first quarter Porter's sales rose from last year's $32 million to $52 million, its profits from 514 per share to $1.30, after a merger with one o f its subsidiaries. For Crane, Tom Evans hopes to turn a similar trick. Click to Print Find this article at: http:/Avww.time.com/time/magarine/artiele/o,Qi7i.86s;8<>6,oo.html Copyright 2011 Time Inc. AH rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part without permission is prohibited. Privacy Policy j Add TIME Headlines to your Site \ Contact Us ] Customer Service hUp://vvAv.time.com/nme/pnntout/0}8816,865856>00.html Page 2 o f 2 Castleman Asbestos File on CRANE Co. w/c = with CD-ROM j-j cover letter or memo If Document #: Crane DATE = DATE 0, = -u/nfda5te" d __article__ letter from __ medical__ trade journal __ published presentation from conference __ published government report __Fed Register notice __ government inspection results __ unpublished or internal report __ unpublished presentation from conference rticle ` __ letter __ memorandum __ industry warning labels __ industry sales literature __ industry recommended practices meeting __ agenda ___ minutes ___attendee list legal__deposition __ testimony o f______________ : other A Letter From The Publisher: Feb. 19, 1965 -- Printout -- TIME 5 /1 9 /1 1 S:46 AM Back to Article | | | Click to Print A P lin to H istory o f t h U tili i % i:r P w m * t Friday, Feb. 19, 1965 A Letter From The Publisher: Feb. 19,1965 THEY traveled most of the way in a chartered Air France Boeing 707, the plane used by Charles de Gaulle on overseas trips. In fact, it contains a king-size bed for the general. The travelers did not meet De Gaulle, but they met just about everybody else of importance along their route--one king, three presidents, five prime ministers, Cabinet ministers, generals, princes, ambassadors and assorted specialists. The trip was TIME'S News Tour of Asia, and it took 28 U.S. business and professional leaders to a crucial theater o f world events. The purpose was to give tire travelers--as concerned, responsible U.S. citizens--the best possible journalistic view of that theater, enabling them to seek information for them selves with the best facilities and from the best sources available to TIME. Our first such tour, a little over a year ago, covered Western Europe and Russia, where Nikita Khrushchev spent seven hours talking to his American capitalist visitors. In the judgment o f all concerned, the first trip was such a success that ah encore, with another set of business participants and in another part of the world, became inevitable. Traveling with a TIME Inc. contingent headed by Editor in Chief Hedley Donovan and President'James Linen, TIME'S News Tour of Asia included: William R. Adams, president, St. Regis Paper Co. Harry70. Bercher, president, International Harvester Co. Gene C. Brewer, president, U.S. Plywood Corp. Donald C. Burnham, president, Westinghouse Electric Corp. http*//w vA v.tim e.com /tim e/pnntout/0,8816,940915,00.htrnl# Page X o f S A Letter From The Publisher: Feb- 19, 1965 - - Printout - - TIME Owen R. Cheatham, board chairman. Georgia-Pacific Corp. Norton Clapp, president, Weyerhaeuser Co. Gaylord Donnelley, board chairman, R. R. Donnelley & Sons Co. Thomas M. Evans, board chairman, H. K. Porter Co. and Crane Co. Frank M. Freimann, president, Magnavox Co. Robert Lee Gibson Jr., president, Libby, McNeill & Libby Rodney C. Gott, president, American Machine & Foundry Co. William P. Gwinn, president, United Aircraft Corp. Floyd D. Hall, president, Eastern Air Lines George Harrar, president, Rockefeller Foundation. Frank E. Hedrick, executive vice president, Beech Aircraft Corp. Henry J. Heinz II, board chairman, H. J. Heinz Co. Harry Bulova Henshel, president, Bulova Watch Co. J. Ward Keener, president, B. F. Goodrich Co. Norman R. King, president, Miller Brewing Co. Lewis A. Lapham, chairman o f executive committee, Bankers Trust Co. Andrew McNally III, president, Rand McNally & Co. Maurice T. Moore, partner, Cravath, Swaine & Moore h t{p ://w w w .tim .co m /tim e /p rin to u t/0 >8816,940915,00.htm l# 5 /1 9 /1 1 8:46 AM Page 2 of 5 A le tte r From The Publisher: Feb. 19, 1965 - - Printout -- TIME Charles H. Percy, board chairman, Bell & Howell Co. 5 /1 9 /1 1 S.46 AM E. Claiborne Robins, president. A. H. Robins Co. Dorrance Sexton, president, Johnson & Higgins E. Carroll Stolienwerck, president, Laird & Co. Jack D. Taylor, president, Phoenix of Hartford Insurance Companies Thomas R. Wilcox, executive vice president, First National City Bank, N.Y. These men's companies employ more than 600,000 people and represent annual net sales of more than $10 billion. Though well traveled, many of the tour members--who paid their own way--had never been in Asia before, and none had previously visited all eleven cities on the 23,120-mile itinerary. It was an exciting time to be in Asia--the group heard about the U.S. air strikes against North Viet Nam halfway through the tour. While Saigon had to be dropped from the itinerary for security reasons, the Vietnamese war was one of the chief topics of inquiry. The tour started in Washington, with a briefing by John McCone, head of the Central Intelligence Agency. After a stop in Paris, where TIME'S principal Asia correspondents joined the party, the first visit was to Pakistan. At his Karachi residence, Sandhurst-educated President Ayub Khan, a red rose in his lapel, bluntly discussed the problems facing-his country and the U.S. Chief among these is Pakistan's bitterness over American military aid to India, which Ayub feels will sooner or later be used not against the Communists in Asia but against his own country. As a result, Pakistan has lately edged away from its once solid pro-Western position and moved closer to Red China--a move which Ayub insisted was not against U.S. interests. Flying on to India, the travelers heard the other side of the India-Pakistan dispute from diminutive Prime Minister Lai Bahadur Shastri. He called Indian relations with Red China "as bad as they can be," but advocated Peking's admission to the U.N. and shrank from endorsing the U.S. position in Viet Nam. He also discussed India's gravest problems--economic stagnation and inadequate food. W hen asked what his country was doing about its population explosion, Shastri smiled: "I hesitate to give advice because I have six children myself." h ttp./7w vA V .tim e.com /tim e/pnntout/0>8816,9409J5,00.htm !# Page 3 of 5 A Letter From The Publisher: Feb. 19, 1965 -- Printout -- TIME 5 /1 9 /1 1 8:46 AM In Thailand the TIME group was received by King Bhumibol Adulyadej at his Bangkok palace, surrounded by green lawns and hedges neatly fashioned into the shapes of elephants, alligators and birds. In the Gomain Room (so named for a red precious stone, said to be clearer than a ruby), the ICing spoke o f the closeness of Thai-U.S. relations. Then he showed the visitors some of his canvases --the monarch is a dedicated amateur painter. The pictures included one showing a blur of writhing demons in browns, greens and reds titled Subversion. Subversion, Communist variety, was also taken up by Prime Minister Thanom Kittikachorn. "Those who talk about U.S. withdrawal from Viet Nam," said he, "are those who do not share the responsibility'." A stirring appeal for U.S. commitment in Asia came from Foreign Minister Thanat Khoman, who said: "We in Thailand have no place to retreat to, so we will make our first stand and our last stand here." But he was optimistic: "If we draw up a balance sheet o f our strengths and weaknesses and those o f our antagonists, we would find it very much in our favor." Next stop was Malaysia, the thriving federation threatened on the outside by Indonesian aggression and on the inside by racial conflicts. At Singapore's Raffles Hotel, that famed and slightly faded remnant o f empire, the tour members heard Lee Kuan Yew, Prime Minister of Singapore, offer sharp though sympathetic criticism of U.S. policy in Asia. He also put forth a striking definition o f "the real problem" in the Far East: "How to give the human being in Asia the same zest, the same incentives which make a prosperous society, without being cold and dedicated and zealous like the other chaps, who are cold-blooded and ruthless in the process." Later, in Kuala Lumpur, the travelers m et Malaysia's Prime Minister Tunku Abdul Rahman and his Deputy, Abdul Razak. It happened to be the Prime Minister's 62nd birthday and so, with more serious matters disposed of, he ambidexterously cut a birthday cake and heard his visitors spontaneously burst into "Happy birthday, dear Tunku, happy birthday to you." Everywhere in Southeast Asia the presence of Red China looms, and nowhere is that presence more carefully observed than in Hong Kong. There, the TIME group received what U.S. Consul General Edward E. Rice described as "the fullest briefing on Communist China we have given here." Perhaps the most dramatic view of the conflict with Red China was afforded in Taiwan, where indomitable Generalissimo Chiang ICaishek, 77, still rules over Nationalist China and still dreams-- though with diminishing assurance--of some day freeing the mainland. Before meeting tire generalissimo and Madame Chiang, the visitors flew to Quemoy, the tiny, heavily fortified Nationalist island just off the mainland, which again and again has bravely stood up against heavy Red shelling. On the way back to Taiwan, one engine in a Nationalist air force plane gave out and the craft had to h ttp .//w w w .tirn e .co m /tim e /p rin to u t/0 ,8 8 16,940915,OO.html# Page 4 of 5 A Letter From The Publisher: Feb. 19, 1965 -- Printout - - TIME 5 /1 9 /1 1 S:46 AM return to Quemoy. While repairs were made, some of the visitors passed the time on a parched ninehole golf course; one player nervously hooked a drive off the fairway into a machine-gun emplacement. By the time the tour officially wound up its final and 26th briefing, the businessmen had learned to toss interview questions like old pros and to assess answers with the required caution. "I thought 1 had these things all figured out," summed up one traveler, "but now I realize things are both simpler and not so simple as I thought." Thai Foreign Minister Thanat Khoman described the tour as "an international public service"--and we of TIME hope it was. j | Click to Print Find this article at: h ttp ://m \w r.tim e.eom /tim e/m agazm e/artiele/o.Q i7i.q4Q Q ir;,oo.h tm l Copyright 2011 Time Inc, AH rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part without permission is prohibited. Privacy Policy { Add TIME Headlines io your Site | Contact Us | Customer Setvia; h rtp .//w w w .tim e .co m /tim e /p n iu o u t/0 )8816,94O915,OO.html# Page 5 o f 5 Castleman Asbestos File on CRANE Co. w/c = with cover letter or memo If DATE = 0, undated CD-ROM Document#: Crane DATE = / ^ 7 __article _ letter from _ medical__ trade journal __ published presentation from conference __ published government report __Fed Register notice __ government inspection results __ unpublished or internal report __ unpublished presentation from conference lewspaper article __ letter- __ memorandum __ industry warning labels __ industry sales literature __ industry recommended practices meeting __ agenda ___ minutes ___attendee list l e g a l ___ d e p o s it io n _____ t e s t im o n y o f ___________________________ : other Thomas Evans, 86. a Takeover Expert. Dies - New York Times 5 /1 9 /1 1 S.48 AM Business Day Thomas Evans, 86, a Takeover Expert, Dies By KICK RAVO -My 18 18'i? Thomas Mellon Evans Sr., a financier who was one of Wall Street's m ost feared corporate raiders in the 1950's and 1960's and later the breeder of champion thoroughbred horses, including a Kentucky Derby winner, died yesterday at his home in Manhattan. He was 86. The cause o f death was complications from a recent fall, said his secretary. Pamela McKay. Mr. Evans, who was also a philanthropist, earned fame and fortune as a m aster of mergers and acquisitions, an asset stripper whose takeover tactics were a forerunner of those employed by m any of the leveraged buyout artists of the 1980's. During the days when Wall Street was as boring as a gray flannel suit, Mr. Evans was one of its m ore daring and rapacious characters, waging waves of takeover battles. Sometimes, he was victorious, as with the Crane Company, and a cement maker, the Medusa Corporation. : Sometimes, he was defeated, as he was with Anaconda and Westinghouse Air Brake. After shutting down several companies in New Jersey in the 1960's, a Democratic Congressman there, Representative Frank Thompson Jr., called Mr. Evans "the corporate embodiment of Jaws, the great white shark." ; More often, though, he was called a financial genius. : "He was never really an operator; he was a financial guy --a balance sheet buyer," one of his sons, Robert Sheldon Evans, told Forbes ; magazine in 1995. "He would buy something for less than book value and figure the worst that could happen was he would liquidate it and ; come out O.K. W hat he didn't w ant to do was lose money on the deal. If he knew h is downside was covered, then he figured the upside would : probably take care of itself. ' "It was a very shrewd policy in th e 50 `s and 6 0 s, when there were highly inefficient m arkets: buying undervalued assets, running them for ; cash and selling off pieces. The 8o 's leveraged buyout guys were just taking a lot of his deals to th eir logical extension.'1 A native of Pittsburgh, Mr. Evans began his financial career at the bottom, despite his gilded middle name; his grandmother's first cousin was Andrew Mellon, the famous banker. After graduating from Yale University' in 1931, Mr. Evans landed a $ io o -a-m o n th clerk's job a t Gulf Oil, then owned by the Mellon family'. He invested shrewdly, and along with a small inheritance, bought bonds in a troubled steam locomotive : m anufacturer, H. K. Porter. ! The company eventually went bankrupt and in 1939, when it was reorganized, Mr. Evans, as its largest bondholder, became its president. H. K. Porter did well during the next decade, diversifying into steel, construction material and hardware. Later, in 1959, he won a bitter proxy fight and acquired the Crane Company, which traded mainly in plumbing supplies and became a . conglomerate consuming some 30 other concerns captured by Mr. Evans. For a time, he also owned his own stock brokerage company, Evans 1 & Company, to save fees on transactions. Known for his candor and cantankerousness, Mr. Evans even battled in the board room with his sons. In 1994, for example, he backed a ; leveraged buyout of the Crane Company by outsiders to keep Robert Evans from taking control of the company. The board, however, sided with his son, and the senior Evans sold wbat w'as left of his shares back to Crane. Similar treatm ent also befell R obert's older brother, Edward. In the Sate i970 's, Edward ran H. K. Porter, which had grown into a conglomerate of businesses bought by Mr. Evans. That group of businesses included a stake in Macmillan, the publisher. Edward Evans moved to Macmillan after being dism issed from H. K. Porter. His father, irritated by the move, impulsively dem anded that Macmillan buy out H. K. : Porter's shares in the company. It did, for about S50 million. Unfortunately, afterward, Macmillan was bought by the rogue financier Robert I Maxwell for an am ount that would have netted Mr. Evans about $500 million,. : Patience, however, was never a virtue of Mr. Evans. He did, though, spend his last years on a farm in Virginia, breeding horses, a pastoral ! pursuit he entered decades earlier for pleasure rather than profit. In 1956, he bought a 495-acre Gainesville. Va., cattle ranch from the owners of Gallagher's Steak House in New'York. He switched the ranch, Buckland Farm, from Black .Angus to thoroughbreds in 1964. He also owned a 360-aere farm in Lexington. Ky., and bred m any horses over the next four decades, including Pleasant Colony, winner of the ; 1981 Kentucky Derby and Preakness Stakes. Although he raced dozens of other stakes winners, Mr. Evans said the 1981 Derby was the m ost : h ttp ://w w w .n y t1me5.com / 1997/07/18/busm ess/thom as-evans-86-a-takeover-expert-dies.htm l?pagew anted=print4src=pm Page 1 of 2 Thomas Evans, 86, a Takeover Expert, Dies - New York Times 5 /1 9 /1 1 8:48 AM exciting moment in racing. Pleasant Colony also won the Wood Memorial and die Woodward Stakes in 1981, and was honored with the Eclipse award as the nation's top 3 -year-old that year. He was the first of three champions to be ridden by jockeys wearing the Buckland Farm silks of dark blue with a white ; triangle and white sleeves. A decade later, Pleasant Stage won the 2-vear-old filly cham pionship after wanning the Breeders' Cup Juvenile Fillies race at Churchill Downs in 1991, and the following year Pleasant Tap was voted top older horse, having won the Suburban Handicap and the Jockey Club Gold Cup at Belmont Park and finishing second in the Breeders' Cup Classic. Among Mr. Evans's other stakes winners were Dance Colony, w inner of th e 1989 Adirondack Stakes at Saratoga; Stage Colony, winner of the 1991 Fort M arty Handicap at Belmont Park, and Cherokee Colony, winner of the 1988 Flamingo Stakes at Hialeah. His trainers included Leroy Jolley, John Campo, Christopher Speekert and Angel Cordero Jr., the former jockey. A m ember of the Jockey Club, the Thoroughbred Breeders and Owners Association and the Virginia Thoroughbred Association, Mr. Evans was also a m em ber of the Board o f Directors of the National Museum of Racing an d Hall of Fame in Saratoga Springs, N.Y. In 1981, along with Mr. and Mrs. Bertram Firestone, he received the award as the year's outstanding breeder as voted by the New York Turf Writers Association. Besides his work with thoroughbreds, Mr. Evans was active in num erous charities and arts organizations including the National Gallery, the National Portrait Gallery, New York University Hospital and Camegie-Mellon University. He is survived by his third wife, Betty Barton Evans; three sons, Thomas Jr. of Vermont, Edward of M anhattan and Robert of Greenwich, Conn.; four grandchildren, and two stepchildren. vftjvji 'XitiisS'iiSI C o $,y:<&'., v . Q Z ' t f C & . i i t . : ' t i ) ! : ........................................................................................ http./ywww.nytimes.com/1997/07/X8/busmess/thomas-evans-86~a~takeover-expert"dies.html?pagevvantedprint&5rcpm Page 2 of 2 C.astleman Asbestos File on CRANE Co. w/c = with cover letter or memo If DATE = 0, undated CD-ROM Document#; Crane DATE = __article__ letter fro m __ medical__ trade journal __ published presentation from conference __ published government report __Fed Register notice __ government inspection results __ unpublished or internal report . __ unpublished presentation from conference J f^ ^ n e w s p a p e r article __ letter __ memorandum __ industry warning labels __ industry sales literature __ industry recommended practices meeting __ agenda __ minutes ___attendee list l e g a l ___ d e p o s it io n _____ - t e s t im o n y o f ___________________________ : other Therm oid M erger in E ffect. Under the plan for the merger w the Thermoid Company approxima ly 90 per cent of the outstandi stock of the Southern Asbestos Co pany has been deposited and the p] has been declared operative, it v announced yesterday. ^Deposits Southern Asbestos stock were 29, i shares, which together w ith 51,1 shai*es formerly owned by the Th mold Company, amount to 80, shares or 89.6 per cent of the 88,1 S b S l 'o S . i ` * - re l ]i Published: October 16, 1929 Copyright The New York Times Castleman Asbestos File on CRANE Co. w/c = with cover letter or memo If DATE = 0, undated CD-ROM Document #: Crane DATE = article__letter fro m __ medical__ trade journal published presentation from conference published government report __Fed Register notice government inspection results unpublished or internal report unpublished presentation from conference newspaper article letter memorandum industry warning labels industry sales literature industry recommended practices meeting __ agenda minutes attendee list l e g a l ____d e p o s it io n testim o ny of other DR. GARDNER DIES; SILICOSIS EXPERT Leader in R esearch on Disease Headed Saranac Laboratory -- Won Several Awards sp ecial to T u t N nv V o T u ir s SA R A N A C L A K E , K . Y.. Oct. 2 1 --D r. L eroy U pson G aidner, di rector of the S aranac Laboratory and the Trudeau Foundation, and an international leader m th e re search of silicosis an d o th er indus trial diseases, died here this loom in g in h is hom e. Hsa ag e w as 57. A t his death, D r. G ardner was in the m id st of a pro g ram fo r the expansion of the laboratory an d the d ev elo p m en t o f a 51,000,000 m ed i cal center in S aranac Lake. H e hdd ra ise d m o re th a n 5100,000 fo r a n addition to the laboratory a n d was planning for the developm ent of the m edical center. A s a director of the T rudeau F oundation, he also w as interested m th e expansion program planned fo r T rudeau San atorium th a t w ill call fo r an ex p e n d itu re o f m o re t h a n 1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 . D r. G ardner leaves a widow, the form er C arabcl M cKenzie, whom he m a rn e d m June, 1915, and two daughters, M rs. B enjam in Downs of W ashington. D. C , and M is F L evering N eely of A tlanta, Ga. W o K m idsen A w ard in 1940 D r G ard n er le c c n c d in 1940 the W illiam S Km idsen A w ard f o r his re search on the contiol of silicosis which w as credited w ith determ in ing w h a t tak e place in a w ork m a n 's lu n g s a s a r e s u lt o f b r e a t h ing silica d u st and w ith m aking possible th e p iescrip tto n of p re ventive m easures for industrial p la n ts. In 1935 he* received the T rudeau Jfedfil fo r im p o r ta n t w ork in the pathology of tubercu losis and th e relatio n betw een tuberculosis an d silicosis. As director of the S aranac Labo rato iy . D r. G ardner used its facilities ;n seeking th e answ er to q u e s tio n s lip. posed a s a y o u n g m edical student "W liv are some stone citU cis m the B arrc, V t. g ra n ite quarntw lugliiv susceptible to tu b erc u lo sis'' A nd w hy. in the neai-bv P ioctor, Vt m arble quar ries. are th e cu tters no t sim ilarly a ffe c te d 7' H e b e g a n his in v e s tig a tio n s in 3911 T w enty-six y e a rs la te r ' his resciuch had m ade him an in ter national au th o rity on the subject Silicosis reseal rh took D r. G ard ner to m d u su ia ! p lan ts and m ines thioughout the nation. B orn m N ew B ritain , Conn., son o f Ir \m g Isa a c and Inez Baldw in U pson G a id n e r he received a B.A. degiee m 1912 am i an M D degree in 1914 from Y ale, and took post g ra d u ate w ork a t B oston C ity H ospital and H a rv ard M edical School Horn 1911 to 1917 T a u g h t a t l l n n a r d and Yale D uring th e first W orld W ar D r. C ardner seived as a heutrnant in the A tm v M edical C orps in 1917. H e w as iiistructoi in pathology, H a rv a id M edical School, m 191617. and a s s is ta n t professor of pathology. Y ale School of M edi cine 1917-18 In 1919 he becam e pathologist of the Trudeau Foundation at S aranac L ake. He .vas appointed director of the S aian ac L aboratory m 1927 and d n e c to r of the founda tion an d T rudeau School in 1938. H e w as a tu iste e of the V illage of S ara n ac L ak e m 3932-33, a m em -' h e r o f th e w a te i board in 3929*30 mid a m em ber of th e V illage P lan. m ng Comm ission. In 1940 he received an honorary M S degiee from Y ale He w as th e a u th o r, 'w i t h S . A P c tro ff , o f "Tnbri culosis -- But tenology, P a thology and L ab o rato ry D iag n o s is " and contributed to m edical, publication? on siheosi? and re lated diseaM s due to dust DR. LEROY U. GARDNER AaMcUU< pre5!- 1933 Eljriirlu Ijork Einiro Punished Ocio&er 25. IM S . COBynshl O The Key. Ytwk "Hines Castleman Asbestos File on CRANE Co. w/c = with cover letter or memo If DATE = 0, undated CD-ROM Document#: Crane __article__ letter fro m __ medical__ trade journal __ published presentation from conference __ published government report __Fed Register notice __ government inspection results __ unpublished or internal report __ unpublished presentation from conference J ^ ^ n e w s p a p e r article __ letter __ memorandum __ industry warning labels __ industry sales literature __ industry recommended practices meeting __ agenda ___ minutes ___attendee list l e g a l ___ d e p o s it io n _____ t e s t im o n y o f ________________________ other Porter President Elected White Motor Co. Director T. M. Evans Trinity Court Studio T. M. .Evans, president of the H. K . Porter. Company, Inc., was elected a director of the White Motor Company yester day. H. K. Porter is a Massa chusetts manufacturer of bolt and wire cutters, special purpose tools for industry and automo tive body tools and repair equip ment. l)i'iSVitrUork eiines Published: March 2, 1951 Copyright The New York Times Castleman Asbestos File on CRANE Co. ffST/ w/c = with cover letter or memo If DATE = 0, undated CD-ROM Document#: Crane ^ T U DATE = __article letter from medical trade journal __ published presentation from conference __ . published government report __Fed Register notice __ government inspection results __ unpublished or internal report __ unpublished presentation from conference newspaper article __ letter __ memorandum __ industry warning labels __ industry sales literature __ industry recommended practices meeting __ agenda ___ minutes ___attendee list l e g a l ____d e p o s it io n _____ t e s t im o n y o f ___________________________ : other GRANE GOLREPORTS 8 6 ! GAIN IN INCOME Net for 1950 $15,765,17!, or $6.48 a Share as Compared With $8,011,887, or $3.17 SA LES SHOW SAIN OF 25.8 % $220,066,910 Total Is Second Best in Company's History -- Other Company Earnings The ninety-fifth year of opera tions of the Crane 'Company, m an ufacturers of plumbing and h e a t-' ing equipment, produced the sec ond highest sales in its history and an increase of 96 per cent in earn ings, the annual report disclosed yesterday. Net profit after all charges and $7,900,463 in taxes, amounted to $15,766,171, equal to $6.48 a com mon share last year, compared with $8,011,837, or $3,17 a share for 1949 when taxes amounted to only $4,263,992. N et profit from .domestic operations, before a $979,- 000 allotm ent to go toward higher costs for replacement of machinery and equipment, was $12,068,184, a 109 per cent increase from the 1949 figure of $5,770,422, before a special appropriation of $832,000. Sales totaled $220,065,910, or 25.8 per cent above the previous, year's volume of $174,894,798k Sales of jobbed products (products' manufactured by others) account ed for about 52 per cent of the to-, tal sales against 51 per cent in 1949, J, L. Holloway, president, re ported. During 1950 replacements and additions to property, plant and equipment amounted to $3.829,534 compared w ith $2,555,332 the year before. The amount for the current year is placed a t $3,819,534, while an estim ated $3,000,000 is expect ed to be spent for modernization and expansion of the facilities of .the Canadian subsidiaries.. N et working capital on Dec. 31, last, was $87,836,313, an increase of $9,104,273. Tear-end inventories totaled $42,692,596, up $9,989,698 from the close of 1949. The com pany's investm ent in foreign sub sidiaries in Canada and England is carried in the balance sheet a t a cost of $12,000,000. John H. Collier, chairman, and P. R. Mork, vice chairman of the board of directors, announced their retirem ent as of Jan. 31, and April 23, 1951, respectively. - Sb e NcU>ijork Eimrs P ublished. M a rch 2 4 1951 C opyright T h e Mew York Tim es Castleman Asbestos File on CRANE Co. cyy^ w/c = with cover letter or memo If DATE = 0, undated CD-ROM Document #: Crane DATE __article__ letter fro m __ medical__ trade journa __ published presentation from conference __ published government report __Fed Register notice __ government inspection results __ unpublished or internal report __ unpublished presentation from conference _ newspaper article __ letter __ memorandum __ industry warning labels __ industry sales literature __ industry recommended practices meeting __ agenda ___ minutes ___attendee list l e g a l ____d e p o s it io n _____ t e s t im o n y o f ___________________________ : other u D ire c to r R e s ig n s S A R A N A C L A K E , N . Y ., Ju ly 7: UP)-- D r. A rth u r J. V orw ald h a s re signed a s director of the Trudeau Foundation and th e Saranac Lab oratory, Dr. J. Burns Amberson, president of the board of trustees! of th e Trudeau Sanitarium , said| today. Dr. V orw ald has accepted another position, th e nature of w hich w as not disclosed. H e had served at Trudeau for tw enty years and had been director since 1947. S lir K r lt r ilo f li Stutueg Published: July 8, 1953 Copyright The New York Times Castleman Asbestos File on CRANE Co. jfi w/c = with cover letter or memo If DATE = 0, undated CD-ROM Document#:.Crane QC/ DATE = __ article__letter fro m __ medical__ trade journal __ . published presentation from conference __ published government report __Fed Register notice __ government inspection results __ unpublished or internal report __ unpublished presentation from conference _J^^new spaper article __ letter __ memorandum __ industry warning labels __ industry sales literature __ industry recommended practices meeting __ agenda ___ minutes ___attendee list l e g a l ___ d e p o s it io n _____ t e s t im o n y o f ___________________________ : other PORTER IN CONTROL OF LACLEDE-CHRISTY / ...............- ............................ .. The H. *K. Porter Company, Inc;,*has announced that it has acquired a substantial majority of the; common stock of the Laclede-Christy Company. The latter concern, which had sales of $13,671,104 in the fiscal year to Nov. 30, 1953, makes re fractory products. H. K* Porter makes industrial rubber products through a subsidiary acquired i earlier this year and also makes fire brick. Its consolidated sales last year amounted to $64,448,725. i T, &L Evans, president of For mer, said his company was mak ing arrangements to call a spe cial stockholders' m eeting of Laclere-Christy, if necessary, to elect its representatives.as direc tors. He added: "We have re quested that a majority of the board resign." J, D. Strett, president of Laclede-Christy, advised stockhold ers in a telegram late last month to withhold tendering their shares for purchase by H. K. Porter. ^ States Published: September 16, 1954 Copyright The New York Times Castleman Asbestos File on CRANE Co. w/c = with cover letter or memo If DATE = 0, undated CD-ROM Document#: Crane article__letter fro m __ medical__ trade journal published presentation from conference published government report __Fed Register notice government inspection results unpublished or internal report unpublished presentation from conference __ letter __ memorandum __ industry warning labels __ industry sales literature __ industry recommended practices meeting __ agenda ___ minutes ___attendee list l e g a l ___ d e p o s it io n _____ t e s t im o n y o f ___________________________ : other 2 RUBBERMARE8S H. K. P o rte r Would Bs the Survivor in Deal With Tharm oid, if Approved H. K. Porter Company, Inc, announced yesterday it would merge with the Thermoid Com pany under a plan which would m k e Porter the surviving comFiny The plan, agreed on by direc tors o( the two companies but sti'j subject to approval by the respective stockholders, would give Thermoid shareholders one share of 54A per cent cumula tive prefetence slock in the sur viving company for each six shares of Thermoid common Holders of Porter common stock and 4Ji per cent preferred will receive similar shares in the surviving corporation oa a share-for-^ure basis 11. K. P orter and sis subsid-l lanes make industrial rubber, products, forged steel fillings* sod d e cim al devices. 1 1 had sales last year of $153,503,048 and net income of $8,351,284 The Thehnqid Company and its subsidiaries n u k e automo tive irictfeo and rubber prod ucts, and hard and soft rubber molded goods and plastic prod ucts Its net profits last year amounted to $998,930 on sales Of $39,523,158 ELECTRIC AUTQ.LlTf- 225.200 Share* of the Crane Co. Acquired Thus F ir m '$8 The Electric Auto-Lite Com pany has acquired 9'A per cent cf the outstanding c a p ita .' -k of the Crane Company, the| the Auto-Lite nine-months' re port discloveii yesterday Auto-Le said that H bought! 226.200 shares or Crane stock' this year through yesterday' The company said the stock was bought "as an investment at am aggregate cost nf S0.99t.S52" Auto-Lite had previously an nounced that it was seeking di versification. The Crane Company makes valves; fittings, fabricated p.ipIng and accessories, plumbing fixtures and accesiones. Elec tric Auto-Lite is a leading man ufacturer of lighting, storting and ignition equipment for mo tor cars, trucks, and tractors m V TEXTRON PURCHASE Precision Methods Aquired, Second Deal in 2 Days Textron Ine, announced yes terday ns second acquisition in as many days It said it had purchased Precision Melhcds and Machines, Inc, of Waterfcury, Conr., for 61,02? shares of newly-tsucd Textron eommon stock On Thwsday, Textron reached an agreement to purchase the American Screw Company of Wtthroantic, Conn., for $5.897,M0. Stockholders of American Screw will meet on Nov 12 te vole cn the proposal. Precision Methods designs and manufaitures precision components for the SentUimlr Rolling Mills, parts, for radar antennae and accessories for atomic reactors. Textron makes textile*, aluminum products, industrial batting, metal parts and other items. OTHER SALES, MERdERS Avco M anufacturing Corp. About half of the facilities of its AK Division. Connersville, I n i, have been sold by the Avco Manufacturing Corporation, el. fictive Dec. 31. Sam N Reger.streif of Connersville is the pur chase!. The facilities affected have been making dishwashers for other manufacturers, pre fabricated service stations and iporcelain panels ing facilities will The remain be devoted to 4 15 Continued on Pago 26, Column S ShfWU'jJvri.S'im PlAJIV-e NrCTSe- | SS C-i-</ CTf<hfwYllr I.-WSt COMPANIES ELAN SALES, MERGERS Continued.From Page -2 'manufacturing under Govern ment defense contracts. : Bsdgr Manufacturing The Badger Manufacturing Company, Cambridge, Mass., contract engineers, has acquired the remaining 50 per cent inter est in Badger.Comprimo N, V., Amsterdam. It is-now th sole owner following th purchase from Comprimo N. V. The name has been changed to Badger N, V ..The Netherlands concern \yas formed in September, 1956, to provide engineering, procure, ment an'd construction services to the petroleum, chemical, pharmaceutical and nuclear [power industries. I Hunt Foods and Industries An agreement on the merger into Hunt Foods and Industries, Inc., Fullerton, Calif., of nine 'subsidiaries and associated eom'panies was approved by stock holders yesterday. Stockholders iof the other companies already, have approved the merger. Haroja' M. Williams, vice presijdent, said the merger will 'sim plify the present corporate structure nd reduce costs. It also -Svili permit further diver sification, he added. IPttsburgh Plate Glass The Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company said yesterday it would acquire the Barium Re duction Corporation, a maker of barium chemicals, related by products and carbon -bisulfide. The company said- .it would |make the. acquisitio'n through .a. stock deal, the terms of which 'were not -disclosed. Pittsburgh Plate' Glass is tt becom the pew owner on Nov. 17. ! Shelton-Warren Oil All of the assets of LUtah Uranium and Oil, Inc., Roswell, N. M., have been purchased by The Shelton-Warren Oil Com pany of the same city. Stock holders of both companies 'will Vote on the purchase the middle of this month. When the acquisi tion is Completed, "Shelton-War ren witll have 1,550,000 sliares o. $1 par value stock outstand ing. Authorized capitalization consists of 5,000.000 shares of capital stcok. Slji iN'cUtIjork Simcs Published November 1, 1958 Copyright The New York Times Castleman Asbestos File on CRANE Co. w/c = with cover letter or memo If DATE = 0, undated CD-ROM Document#: Crane ^ DATE = __article__ letter fro m __ medical__ trade journal __ . published presentation from, conference __ published government report __Fed Register notice __ government inspection results __ unpublished or internal report __ y unpublished presentation from conference newspaper article letter memorandum __ industry warning labels __ industry sales literature __ industry recommended practices meeting __ agenda ___ minutes ___attendee list l e g a l ____d e p o s it io n _____ t e s t im o n y o f ___________________________ : other PORTER, THERMOID PROPOSE A MERGER PITTSBURGH, Nov. 2 (APp --The H. K, Porter Company, i Inc., of Pittsburgh plans tomerge with the Thermoid Corn-) pany of Trenton, N.J., it was an nounced yesterday. The mergeris -subject -to approval of the stockholders of both companies.' Under the plan the Pitts-, buygh company would be the surviving corporation and would, take over Thermoid's listing on the New York Stock Exchange. H.lC. Porter is an industrial, complex with assets of some' ^90,000,000. Thermoid has assets of about $23,000,000 and is a large producer of various as bestos, textile and soft-rubber molded goods, , Mapolia Petroleum Final papers have been signed transferring the Freeport Sul phur Company's interest in the Lake Washington, La., oil field to ' the Magnolia Petroleum Company, a division of the Sooony Mobil .Oil Company, Inc., Charles A. Wight, Freeport president, announced yesterday. Approximately $100,000,000 was involved in the sale of these oil properties. . Marquardt Aircraft Co, The Marquardt Aircraft Com pany of Van Nuys, Calif., an nounced over the week-end the completion of negotiations for the purchase of the Cooper Development Corporation in ex change for 60,000 shares of its stock. Cooper Development, en gaged primarily in the manu facture and development of space rockets, will be operated as a wholly owned subsidiary. . She New Jjork Smnrs Published November 3, 1958 Copyright The New York Times Castleman Asbestos File on CRANE Co. w/c = with cover letter or memo If DATE = 0, undated CD-ROM Document#: Crane DATE = __article _ letter from __ medical__ trade journal __ published presentation from conference __ published government report __Fed Register notice __ government inspection results __ unpublished or internal report __ s' unpublished presentation from conference newspaper article __ letter __ memorandum __ industry warning labels __ industry sales literature __ industry recommended practices meeting __ agenda ___ minutes ___attendee list l e g a l ____d e p o s it io n _____ t e s t im o n y o f ___________________________ : other P residen t of Crane C o. R esigns; M ead of P orter N am ed C hairm an CHICAGO, April 28 ( A P ) -- Neele E. Stearns resigned to day as president of the Crane Company and Thomas M. Evans was elected chairman and chief executive officer. The shift in top management was announced by Alfons Landa, president of the Penn-Texas Corporation. Mr.- Landa had been named earlier in the day to the enlarged directorate of the plumbing supplies concern. L. H. T. Clegg, president of Crane, Ltd., Montreal, a wholly owned Crane subsidiary, was named acting president of the parent corporation. Mr. Evans, chairman of the H. K. Porter Company of Pitts burgh, was elected to one of the four new directorships. The board was increased from seven to eleven members to stave off a proxy fight for control of the company. This agreement was reached in January aft^r heavy buying of Crane stock by a syndicate headed by Messrs. Evans and Landa. The other new members of the board are R. B. Crane, rep resenting the Crane family, and IE. A. Locke Jr., president of |the.Union Tank Car 'Company, i Mr Stearns also resigned as Ia director. He will remain with Crane as a consultant. | Mr. Evans said the change in management was the result of a difference over policy. He said Mr. Clegg's appointment was temporary and that a president should be elected within a few- months. The new chairman reiterated* an earlier statement by Mr. Stearns that Crane had no in tention of abandoning its Chi* cago operations. Fear of such a prospect developed among members of a United Steel workers local after a division of Crane in Chicago was shut down. The union informally tried to obtain a voice in today's stock holders' meeting but the cam paign came to naught. Handbills were passed out in the neighborhood of the Crane plant. The union asked that any stockholders among em ployes give their voting rights by proxy, to David McDonald, international president of the union, so that he could repre sent employe interests at the stockholders' meeting. Mr. MciDonald took no part in the 'campaign and did not attend the meeting. In his report to stockholders, IMr. Steams said Crane's sales ldropped from $378,000,000 in 11957 to $336,000,000 in 1958. He .attributed the drop to the gen1eral business recession. &>Ur|jcrrk Published: April 29, 1959 Copyright The New York Times Castleman Asbestos File on CRANE Co. w/c = with cover letter or memo If DATE = 0, undated CD-ROM Document #: Crane Is ; DATE = article__letter from __ medical__ trade journal published presentation from conference published government report __Fed Register notice government inspection results unpublished or internal report unpublished presentation from conference ^new spaper article letter memorandum __ industry warning labels __ industry sales literature __ industry recommended practices meeting __ agenda ___ minutes ___attendee list l e g a l ____d e p o s it io n _____ t e s t im o n y o f ___________________________ : other P e rsonality ; A: S e lf-C o n fid e n t R eorgan izer Evans Believes Own Thinking Is Best-- and I t H as Been Crane Chief W ields H ea vy H atchet on Staff, O utlay j By ROBERT 3E. BET>XTsrO''TH:X-r>j Thom as Mellon Evans un doubtedly irritates a great man? of his fellow business men. He is firm ly of the opinion th a t his views on any situation in which he m ay be Involved are ja r more farsighted, sensible, feasible, profitable and generally more meritorious than the other fellow's. And, to m ake this a tti tude even less palatable, so far he has been right. To a person who m eets Mr. Evans for the first time and doesn't have to remain in a business relationship with him and w atch him be right, he is a very outgoing andliffable man, who appears to have tremendous vitality. A t the moment, he is busily `rounding out his la te st indus tria l rejuvenation, the Crane ICompany o f Chicago, by settin g out to acquire for that company the Briggs Manufacturing Com pany of W arren, Mich. F o r all his bustling, this is one. time th a t Mr. Evans, who became chairman of Crane last spring a fte r accum ulating 155,000 shares of Crane stock a t prices in the thirties--it's now in the sixties--isn 't in a g re a t hurry. Bigger Stake Eyed Crane, said to be the nation's largest m anufacturer of valves, fittings, fabricated piping and; accessories, also is a leading, producer of plumbing and heat ing appliances. Since September it has acquired 136,000 of B riggs' 1,078,834 shares of com mon stock. I t has paid about $12 a share, which is only slightly! below th e $12.30 book value on Dec. 31, 1958. Mr. Evans is will ing th a t his company buy all B riggs' assets for the $12,900,000 th a t this price would call for. Briggs would fit nicely Into the C rane setup, Mr. Evans ex-' plained in a recent* interview., I t is a leading m anufacturer of vitreous china plumbing fixtures and brass plumbing w are fit tings and, in addition to its W arren plant, near Detroit, it has plants in Cincinnati, Cleve land and Abingdon, 111. ; C rane's pottery m anufactur-' mg facilities are in Colton, Calif., and Trenton, N. J. Ac quisition of Briggs plants, Mr. E vans notes, would extend his company into the Middle West. `We have the distribution facili ties,Mhe said, "and we think we could save some money with if (Briggs). "It is a good name and has lots of fine assets, but it has been run sleepily for a long time. Our interest in it is its plants. We are not planning, any proxy fight for control' Our talks with the company have been friendly. Our only re quest to them is th at our pro posal be submitted to stock holders to vote upon " 1 Mr. Evans is purely a finan cial rnan. As head of C rane he draws no salary and insists th at his chief interest is as an investor. 'T t is the only reason for anyone being on a corporate board,'' he said. In alm ost all of his ventures -be hires special ists to do specialists' tasks. He has become increasingly disen chanted w ith one specialist he* hired last year to help him pro tect his interest in Crane, be fore he was a director. This is Alfons Landa, Wash-^ ington, D. C., a tto rn e y and an* old hand a t corporate takeovers. Mr. Evans said th a t when he retained Mr. Landa, he assisted Mr. Landa in purchasing 10,000 shares of Crane stock. At the stockholders meeting ,of Crane la st April, when Mr. Evans gained two places on Crane's-board, he took one seat and gave the other to Mr. Landa. Mr. Landa, while he has voted a t board meetings for most of Mr. Evans' proposals, has been publicly quoted in the press in the Midwest as dis agreeing with some of the un gentle m ethods th a t Mr. Evans has used in reorganizing Crane's operations. Cutting a Wide Swath Mr. E vans' stream lining of Crane included the dropping jrt vice presidents sum m arily, in the fashion fo r which Sewell Avery, form er chairm an of Montgomery W ard & Co., was noted; retiring a third of Crane's stock, shutting of scores of the company's branches and sales offices and slashing inventories drastically. Mr. E vans doesn't hesitate to point to recent published state ments attributed to Mr. Landa as the reasons for now consid ering his a ttorney "disloyal.'' These statem ents have included th re a ts of pushing Mr. Evans out of office. As a result, Mr. !E vans has suggested th a t Mr. |Landa m ight well resign his di rectorship. M r. Evans would seem to be in a relatively safe position in making this suggestion. In addi tio n to his own stock holdings, (which he has increased by 7,500 'shares since spring to 162,500 shares, he holds an irrevocable proxy fo r another 140,000 shares owned by Mrs. Emily Crane .Chadbourne. the only living daughter of the founder. This [gives Mr. Evans close to 20 p e r icent control. Meanwhile Crane, under the Evans management, has definitely come awake. Dividend Raised The quarterly dividend has been raised from 20 cents to 30 cents a share. Although sales fell by $10,000,000 in the first nine months of this year, oper ating expenses were slashed' $17,000,000. The resu lt w as th a t net income leaped to $4,300,000 from $1,700,000 in 1958, as the company's re tu rn on sales a fte r taxes rose to 2.1 from 0.7 per; cent. j A t a luncheon w ith a group; of security analysts the day be-' fore Thanksgiving, Mr. Evans rem arked th a t m anagem ent "is obligated to show a fair return on assets, or stockholders might as well invest in postal savings." When asked if this m eant Crane- m i g h t soon be realizing a 5 or .6 per cent return, Mr. Evans grinned and said; "L e t's don't spoil the stock- holders by making them expect too m uch too soon.'' M r. Evans, as his middle name suggests, is one of the P itts burgh Mellons--although the re lationship is a distant one. W hile h e Is a millionaire many tim es over, his own father and m other were not wealthy, Mr. E vans w as bom in 1910. He w orked his way through Yale, g ra d u a tin g in 1931* a fte r m ajor ing in economics. H e acknowledges th at he s ta rte d ou t in the chairm an's office and "worked down." His f ir s t job w as as a clerk a t $100 a m onth in the office of William L. Mellon, then-head of Gulf Oil C orporation. Mr. Mellon, in ad dition to giving Mr. Evans a job, urged him to try fo strike out for himself. This was easier said than done a t the time be cause of the deepening-depres sion. B u t Mr. Evans did h it upon a w ay of gaining business inde pendence. By trading in Gulf stock on borrowed money, he participated fully in the m arket recovery of 1936 and 1937. H e used his profits to purchase al 10 cents on th e dollar the de faulted bonds of the H. K. Por ter Company of Pittsburgh, a s te a m 'locomofcive m anufacturer, which had gone bankrupt. Exchange of Securities In the reorganization of P orter, Mr. Evans received stock in exchange fo r his bonds. His stock holdings were suffi cient for him to get elected p resident. H e w as only 29 years oolod. In 1939, w hen he fir s t took office in Porter, the com p a n y grossed only about $700,000 a year selling spare parts to form er locomotivg custom ers The com pany today, w ith 75 per cent of its stock held by Mr. E vans, through twelve divi sions formed from acquisitions of m any old-line concerns makes a broad range of industrial products and in th e first nine m onths th is y e ar cleared $5,200,-. 000 on sales of $168,000,000. M r. Evanp, m addition to being chairm an of Crane, also holds tha office in Porter, but doesn't consider him self over w orked. "Crane is well on its way, now," he said, "and after all P o rter pretty well takes care of itself." O ther th an week-end golf and some hunting and fishing, his chief diversion outside of his business life, he said, is travel ing. "I never get to travel enough," he rem arked. Mr. Evans has three sons by a first m arriag e th a t ended in divorce. He and his second wife, the form er Josephine Mitchell, m ake th e ir home on Round Hill Road in Greenwich, Conn. cbi iXriuJJorkq>mics Published December 6.1959 Copyright The New York Times Castleman Asbestos File on CRANE Co. w/c = with cover letter or memo If DATE = 0, undated CD-ROM Document#: Crane J0\ DATE = }C!q __article__ letter from _ medical__ trade journal __ published presentation from conference __ published government report __Fed Register notice __ government inspection results __ unpublished or internal report __ unpublished presentation from conference __ newspaper article __ letter __ memorandum __ industry warning labels __ industry sales literature __ industry recommended practices meeting __ agenda ___ minutes ___attendee list l e g a l ____d e p o s it io n _____ t e s t im o n y o f ___________________________ : other H, K. PORTER CO, The H. K. Porter Company, Inc,, Pittsburgh diversified in dustrial concern, is entering the paint business through purch ase of more than 90 per cent of the stock of Fatterson-Sargent Company of Cleveland, Ohio, T. M. Evans, Porter chairman, announced yesterday. Patterson-Sargent makes j house paints, industrial, rail-1 road, marine and product fin ishes and specialties under the; BPS trade-mark. It operates j plants at Cleveland and Long, Island City, Queens. Sales ex ceed $10,000,000 a year. The company employs close to 700 and has assets exceeding $5,000,000. The stock was acquired for $22.50 a share. The transaction would involve about $4,000,000, based on th e ' 200,000 shares Continued on Page 35, Column 4 Published: January 13, 1960 Copyright The New York Times COMPANIES PLAN SALES, MERGERS Continued From P age 27 outstanding- of an authorized 500,000. Porter has 55 plants in the United States, Canada, Mexico and Europe. Porter divisions produce steel equipment, rubber and friction products, asbestos textiles and other products. Published: January 13, 1960 Copyright The New York Times Castleman Asbestos File on CRANE Co. w/c = with cover letter or memo If DATE = 0, undated CD-ROM Document#: Crane ' DATE = article__letter from __ medical__ trade journal __ published presentation from conference __ published government report __Fed Register notice __ government inspection results __ unpublished or internal report unpublished presentation from conference newspaper article letter memorandum __ industry warning labels __ industry sales literature __ industry recommended practices meeting __ agenda ___ minutes ___attendee list l e g a l ____d e p o s it io n _____ t e s t im o n y o f ___________________________ : other BUYS SOUTHERN ASBESTOS. Thermold Company Acquires Con trolling Interest. A controlling interest in Southern* Asbestos Company, manufacturers of asbestos cloth and yarn, has been acquired by the Thermoid Company, manufacturers of brake linings for automobiles and industrial machin ery, it was announced yesterday. Public financing is being arranged through a banking syndicate com posed of Schluter & Co., Inc.; East man, Dillon & Co. and Oliver J. Anderson & Co. The plant of the Southern Asbes tos Company at Charlotte, N. C,, has sufficient orders to keep in full oper ation, for a year. Its total assets on Oct. 31, 1927, amounted to $1,816,055. The Thermoid company was founded in 1897. In addition to its principal product, brake linings, it manufactures clutch rings, rubber belting and hose, asbestos packing and other products. B . J. Stokes, president of the Ther moid company, said the acquisition of the Southern Asbestos Company would insure Thermoid of a steady supply of asbestos yarn and cloth. lip * feftrjjwk lim es: Published: March 20, 1929 Copyright The New York Times Castleman Asbestos File on CRANE Co. w/c = with cover letter or memo If DATE = 0, undated CD-ROM Document #:.Crane np { DATE = c r __article letter from medical trade journal __ published presentation from conference __ . published government report __Fed Register notice __ government inspection results __ unpublished or internal report __ unpublished presentation from conference ^ newspaper article __ letter __ memorandum __ industry warning labels __ industry sales literature __ industry recommended practices meeting __ agenda ___ minutes ___attendee list l e g a l ____d e p o s it io n ____ t e s t im o n y o f ___________________________ : other CRANE CO. TO REVAMP i Five independent Units of Companies to Be Set Up CHICAGO, Feb. 2 (UPI)-- Crane Company today an nounced a decentralization pro gram that will integrate five newly purchased companies into the Crane organization. Wesley A. Songer, president of the concern, said the program would establish five groups that would operate as independent companies. Each division will have its own manufacturing, en gineering, sales and control de partments. \ Mr. Songer said the decen tralization would result in more rapid service to wholesale dis tributors and industrial cus tomers. The new divisions include: in dustrial products group, Chi cago; plumbing-heating-air con ditioning group, Johnstown, Pa.; Crane Supply Company, Chicago; systems and controls group, headquarters yet t o be named; and the international group, New York City. Published: February 3, 1960 Copyright The New York Times Castleman Asbestos File on CRANE Co. w/c = with cover letter or memo If DATE = 0, undated CD-ROM Document#: Crane DATE =/%? __article__ letter fro m __ medical__ trade journal __ published presentation from conference __ published government report __Fed Register notice __ government inspection results __ unpublished or internal report __ unpublished presentation from conference _ jf/ / newspaper article __ letter __ memorandum __ industry warning labels __ industry sales literature __ industry recommended practices meeting __ agenda __ minutes ___attendee list l e g a l ____d e p o s it io n _____ t e s t im o n y o f ___________________________ ; other CRANE CO. DENIES CHARGES S F. T. Fabricators, Inc., and Br Manufacturing Company. Meanwhile, Eversharp, ! and its advertising age WASHINGTON, April 29 Compton Advertising, 1 (A P )--The Crane Company, asked dismissal of F, T. Chicago, today denied Federal charges of unfair advertisui Trade Commission charges that) The two New York con it had violated antitrust lawsiniea denied F. T. C. aliegat by acquiring an interest in fivejof using deceptive teievi competitors. It asked dismissal demonstrations to sell Scl of the complaint. safety razors. -The company said its acquisi- They asked dismissal o tions had "encouraged competi-lMarch 10 com plaint which c tion and benefited the public" jlenged a TV commercial rath er than tending to create a which a competing razor ' monopoty as the F. T. C . al-j used1 to slash a boxing gl leged. worn by the heavyweight ch< The five companies involved |piori Ingemar Johansson, were Chapman Valve Manu-1 The F. T. C. charged t faeturing Company National, this was not a valid portra U. S. Radiator C orporation,of an y d an g er involved in sh Swavthout Company, Inc.. Pipe ing with th e com petitive ra; i l ) r Jfehrjim k Bmm Published: April 30, 1960 Copyright The New York Times Castleman Asbestos File on CRANE Co. w/c = with cover letter or memo If DATE = 0, undated CD-ROM Document #: Crane DATE = jn,- __article__ letter from _ medical__ trade journal . __ published presentation from conference __ published government report __Fed Register notice __ government inspection results __ unpublished or internal report __ unpublished presentation from conference J_ newspaper article __ letter __ memorandum __ industry warning labels __ industry sales literature __ industry recommended practices meeting __ agenda ___ minutes ___attendee list l e g a l ____d e p o s it io n _____ t e s t im o n y o f ___________________________ : other Porter Suit Names Missouri Portland By HERBERT KOSHETZ The H. K. Porter Company, owner o f 52 percent of the Mis souri Portland Cement Com pany, has filed- su it in Federal Court in St. Louis to compel Missouri Portland to seat two Porter executives on its board. At Merger the annual meet- News *nS o f Missouri on M a y 2 5 , T. M. E v a n s, chairman of Porter's executive committee, and his son, E. P. Evans, Por ter chairman, w ere elected directors. Another measure that was passed at the meeting was a Porter proposal to amend Port land's bylaws to require it to hold monthly instead of quar terly directors* meetings. Missouri Portland's manage ment accepted the Porter eiec-j Continued on Page 57, Column 3 l)fi Jicur 1|ork Simcs Published: June 2, 1976 Copyright The New York Times H. K. PORTER SUES CEMENT COMPANY | C o n tin u e d F ro m Page S 3 lion of the directors "under protest subject to review" by a Federal Court. In its suit, filed la s t Friday, Porter asked'for the amended bylaws to be p u t into effect. Porter has also challenged the re-election of M aurice R.j Anderson and Ralph R. Rau.i both vice presidents, to the Mis souri Portland board. i In its complaint, Porter charged that Missouri Portland ,in its solicitation of votes for the management siate violated Federal securities laws because it had not amended the proxy material to include the fact that the United States Court of Ap- `peals for the Eighth Circuit in St. Louis had upheld a lower court'.s denial of en injunction against Porter's tender offer of 500,000 Missouri Portland shares, m ost of which it had purchased at $26 a share. ; A spokesman for Portland' said that it would take three years for Portland to gain parity on the Missouri Portland board, even though it owned a major ity of the shares. There are 12 directors on the board. . A spokesman for Missouri' Portland declined to comment on Porter's action. NfB Prime Investors Extends Tender Otter NJB Prime Investors, a finan cially troubled real estate in vestm ent tru st in Clifton. N J.,j said yesterday th at its tender- offer to buy its 6% percent! convertible subordinated de-! bentures and its 7 percent su-j bordinated debentures had been extended to June 18. j The offer, however, is contin-j gent on the tru s t's ability to- obtain necessary funds from] banks to purchase the deben tures. * The trust said it believed the willingness to fund the tender' ' would depend prim arily on thef number of debentures tendered, the completion of an exchange' of real estate assets with banks: to reduce the debts, and a rene*) getiation of the revolving credit agreement with the banks. So far, the tru st has been un-; able to borrow funds necessary to pay interest la st M arch 31 on Its 7 percent debentures and: interest last May 1 on its 6% percent debentures. Meanwhile, the American Stock Exchange said it intend ed to remove from listing the trust's share-of-beneficial-mter- est 7 percent subordinated de bentures and 6% convertible subordinated debentures. The Amex indicated that a substantial question existed as to w hether the tru st could con tinue its operations as a going concern and meet its obliga tions as they occurred. The trust, with real estate as sets of SIQO .million, has re quested a 30-day extension of its revolving credit agreements with its banks. The agreement expired May 31. The trust said it expected the extension would be received soon. ebc toJ]orkoTuncsJ Published J u n e 2 ,l9 7 u Copyright The Now York Times Castleman Asbestos File on CRANE Co. w/c = with cover letter or memo If DATE = 0, undated CD-ROM Document #: Crane ^ DATE V f t __article__ letter from __ medical__ trade journal __ published presentation from conference __ published government report __Fed Register notice __ government inspection results __ unpublished or internal report __ unpublished presentation from conference __ newspaper article ` letter __ memorandum __ industry warning labels __ industry sales literature __ industry recommended practices meeting __ agenda ___ minutes ___attendee list le g a l d ep o sitio n t e s t im o n y o f __________________________ : other rsa * e *' M k i a .J r f i .; fi . A a 8 * .`i ii it '4 A A' ** 4 I i a 2- . I any t , p immm mm tb a t tt r a f t irf tb# r r r o r t 1 i r t a m r t to m oc o r to ft 1m * m r u . mitBar tor m U * r tor paw fw^namtaCT. I t la atoriawalr andaalro&l tat ta# mport to I t# pnr##ct /arm rmmmltm mar (ttatrltow ttno <rr f o b l l c l t r molto * a U U M M w r ar pacvl# Is tmr rmrprnmtlt* ascoltati obs. 1rj tn ly y a m . nu hi 4 B. Timbar i . C. l a r t J . t . Voodaa TmaAtmmr I w , tm crrtm rr mad O n m l At t t w y 'r I Castleman Asbestos File on CRANE Co. w/c = with cover letter or memo If DATE = 0, undated CD-ROM Document#: Crane DATE = q ^ __article__ letter fro m __ medical__ trade journal __ published presentation from conference __ published government report __Fed Register notice __ government inspection results __ unpublished or internal report __ unpublished presentation from conference __ newspaper article J l letter __ memorandum __ industry warning labels __ industry sales literature __ industry recommended practices meeting __ agenda ___ minutes ___attendee list le g a l d ep o sitio n t e s t im o n y o f ___________________________: other Jo K n s-M aiw ille Tw e n t y -Tw o E a s t Fo r t i e t h . S t r e e t New York.N.Y. v> 55 January 22, 1935 Ur. M. F. Judd, S ecreta ry , Raybestos-Manhattan, In c ., B rid g ep o rt, Conn. Re: Mellon I n s t i t u t e o f I n d u s tr ia l Research ______ Symposium on Dust Problems___________ Dear Mr. Judd: As I 'in d ic a te d t o you over the telephone t h i s a ftern oon , I am e n c lo sin g a copy o f a memorandum I prepared f o r Mr. Lewis H. Brown regarding my tr ip to Pittsburgh la s t Tuesday,.January 15th, to attend the Symposium on Dust Problems h eld under the a u sp ices of the Mellon I n stitu te o f In d u stria l Research. yp-rrr t w l rr v n n rc VB:T Suel o sure J m * 0 J335; Vandiver Brown Attorney PLAINTIFF'S | EXHIBIT I JM -280 0052' ft u ^<4 Castleman Asbestos File on CRANE Co. w/c = with cover letter or memo If DATE = 0, undated CD-ROM Document#: Crane O jfk DATE = __article__ letter fro m __ medical__ trade journal __ published presentation from conference __ published government report __Fed Register notice __ government inspection results __ unpublished or internal report __ unpublished presentation from conference newspaper article __ letter / memorandum __ . industry warning labels __ industry sales literature __ industry recommended practices meeting __ agenda ___ minutes ___attendee list l e g a l ____d e p o s it io n _____ t e s t im o n y o f ___________________________ : other KSiQRiinxni BE:- 2ELL0H ISSHHJ2E OF IZDUS7BSAL BESEiBCH SSIPOSIOK OK COST PBQ3ISHS - PITTSBOBSS- JAB. 15. 7,<m On or about December 1 2 , 1934 th e H ellon I n s tit u te o f I n d u s tr ia l Besearch, addressed l e t t e r s to some 85 in d u strie s having in d u str ia l d isea se problems in v itin g then to attend a aeetin g to be held under the auspices o f the In stitu te on the 15th day -of Januar y . One o f t h e s e in v it a t io n s was received by the Asbestos In stitu te and, although the Asbestos In stitu te did n o t accep t and was n o t o f f i c i a l l y represented, Johns-4acville Corporation req u ested and ob tain ed p e r n issio n to send a 'repre s e n ta tiv e . The in v ita tio n s ex p ressly stated t i n t -attendance a t th is neeting need e n ta il no obligation*. Johrts-H anville was represented a t the n estin g by th e w riter o f t h i s Hteaarandast. Approximately 250 people were p resen t rep eseatin g over 50 in d u strie s which had accepted the i n v it a t io n o f th e M ellon I n s t i t u t e . The Mellon I n s t it u t e was g r e a t ly su rp rised a t th e remarkable response and i t i s my opinion that one cannot-find b etter indication of the serious nature o f th e problems i t was th e purpose o f tha meeting to d isc u ss. I was aisle to a scerta in th a t the Mellon In stitu te had been prompted, t o c a l l th e n e e tin g by r e p r e se n ta tiv e s o f th e sand and g la s s and th e r e fr a c to r ie s I n d u str ie s , Represent-. ta tiT e s o f th e se in dustr i e s conferred w ith Mr. E, B. P e id le in , D ir e c to r o f th e I n s t i t u t e , and n iter advising him o f the nature o f t h e ir p ro h lea , o f i t s wide-spread character and naaeroes menacing a s p e c ts , -suggested th e need o f ease t a n o f concerted a ctio n on the part o f those in d u stries presently or p o ten tia lly in v o lv e d . X understand th at Ur. T* . Sherwood, T iee-P resident o f O w e n s-Illin o is G lass Company and U r. JBoger B itcM n s, P resi d e n t -o f the American. R efract or i e s Tnstitufce,-were,vthe persona who p resen ted th e s it u a t io n t o th e M ellon I n s t i t u t e . Hr. e id le in , on b e h a lf o f -the I n s t i t u t e , agreed t o operate to the e x te n t o f c a llin g the meeting and having th e rep resen ta tiv es spend a day i n P ittsb u rgh a s the g u ests o f th e I n s t it u t e . There was some p relim in ary d is c u ss io n a s t o the p o s s ib il it y o f using th e M ellon I n s t i t u t e a s a c le a r in g house fo r infarm atian and r e se a r c h upon a s p e c ts o f th e problem common t o e l l in d u str ie s b u t d e f in it e ctsaaltaen ts ware postponed u n t i l a f t e r the holding o f the m eeting. An im pressive l i s t o f exp erts s p e c ia lis in g upon v ariou s a sp e c ts o f the d u s t p ro b lea attended the meeting and 1 HAINTIFFS I EXHIBIT I T 05248 R A1 / HH1^ t _ 2 - d e liv e r e d a d d r e s s e s , Aaong these ere Ur. A. C. E ir tb , a law yer a s s o c ia te d w ith t i l l i a a s , Everssan and Eorgan, Toledo, Ohio, attorneys for Owens-Illinois Glass Company; Dr, Eugene P. Pendergrass of the X-ray Laboratory, Dnirersity Hospital, Phila delphia; Dr, A . J, L a m a , Assistant Medical Director of the Metropolitan life Insurance Company; Dr. R, R. Sayers, Medical Officer in Charge of 0 , s . Public Health Service; Professor Philip A, Drinker of the School of Public Health, Harvard Uni versity; Mr, F, Robertson Jonas, General Manager, Association of Casualty and Surety Executives; and Mr, Donald E, Coamings,' Assistant Director, Saranac Laboratory for Study of Tuberculosis. The addresses delivered by these specialists, together with the open discussion that followed thee, revealed-, among other things, the very menacing character of the problem, t3 complex nature, the uncertainties attending moat of its aspects and the necessity of sons form of United action by the afflicted Industrie' It was recognised that some aspects of. the problem ware peculiar to special industries but it was equally evident that other-aspects .were common to all, Tor example, only tro forms*" of dust, namely, free silica and asbestos, are definitely known to produce disabling fibrosis of the lung. Even, in the case of these dusts the problems resulting therefrom are quite different since the fibrosis resulting from allies is of a much ore serious character than that resulting from asbestos in that the former predisposes to tuberculosis and. is much more likely to have a fatal termination. On the other band (and this illustrates one of the moat serious aspects of the problem that is common to all dust producing industries) the fact that no other dust is known to produce disability has not prevented entirely groundless claims aggregating- -millions mad even hundreds of ailllons of dollars being brought against industries which have no silica or asbestos dust hazard, for cample, Dr, Lanza pointed out that no one had ever maintained that gypsum daat was harmful and yet, nevertheless, the g y ps u b industry had suits pending against it covering claims i n excess of four aillioa dollars. It appeared that among the problems common to all industries- were the following: (1) The menace of ambulance chaaiag lawyers in combination with unscrupulous .doctors, - The uncertainties surrounding diagnosis of any of the various forms -of pneunonoconiosis are so many that a question of fact .is presented in every case. Expert testimony can be pro duced by both plaintiff and defendant and it is for the iury to decide whose experts are 0052 \9 - 3- correct In their interpretations. In m M r ; this decision, the jury is not l i k e l y t o fu ror the opinion of the experts produced by the employer(2) The desirability of making various dost diseases compensable under properly drawn worlenten*s compensation laws One of the speakers stated that "the strongest bulwark against future disaster for industry is the enactment o f properly drawn occupational disease legislation8. Such, legislation would (a) eliminate thfe jury and apower a ifedlc&l Board to pass upon the existence of the disease and the extent of the disability; (b) eliminate the.shyster lawyer and the quack doctor sixmo t eea would be strictly U n i t e d by the Iswj and (c) permit the correct ing of initial mistakes in the making of awards by providing for bearings to reduce or eliminate awards if proof could be adduced that the claimant was sot disabled or that the extent of his disability had been orer-> estimated. (3) Problems of TentHaticm, dust collecting and elimination, and respiratory dewices. (l) T h e .establishing of standards (a) for dust counting, end particle size determination, (b) for' the taking of X-rays for diagnostic use, and (c) for the interpretation of the markings on the films so produced. it the close of the discussion a Kr. fcrtr, TlcePresident of American Befractories Corporation, made a motion that Xr. William P. Xant, Chairman of the meeting appoint a nominating committee who would nominate a group of indiwidaal a to serra as a committee for the formulatico of ways and oeans to bring about effective cooperation of some character between the varices industries for meeting and coabating those phases of the dust problem comaca to all. This notion was carried and a Boginating Committee appointed which retired and upon returning presented to the meeting the names of sevan individuals to act as sack Committee. 5o other names having been placed in nomination, the following were elected to act as the Cossaittee and report back to the various industries and groups represented at the meeting or to whoa the Invitation had been originally extended: 005^20 -A Vandlrer 3ron representing Asbestos, Cork and Son-lfetallic Er 3* E. Saklatvalla representing Chemical, Abrasives, Alloys and Bon-rerrous metals S. 0 Tone3 representing Foundries A. TT* .Sherwood representing Glass Sand Ground Sand and Glass Hamfactore A- JA Gentholts representing Iron, Steel and Orsa Curtis representing Line, limestone, Cement and Gypsum Roger A. Eitcbira representing Refractories,Ceramics and days I explained to the other members of the Committee that 1 had been sent to the meeting solely as an-obaexver and had no authority from Johns-Earrrllle Corporation to aecept membership on the Committee -and certainly "none free the Asbestos Industry as a whole I -was urged, however, to meet with the Committee and agreed to do so on the condition that I might withdraw if approval of my serving in that capacity should not be _forthecsng. I pointed out that enters of the Asbestos Industry did not care to be associated in the minds of the public or of employees with. those industries whose problem'was silicosis and that for this reason I felt-there might be some opposition to haying a .representative of 12je Asbestos Industry working with them. I did,Indicate, however, that I reilixed nmeeroos aspects of onr problem were the same and that if cooperation could be worked cut without an undue amount of publicity, Johns-Uaaville Corporation and p&fhapa the ASbeatos'Industry ha a whole, would in all likelihood be willing to cooperate Xt was the opinion . of the Committee that this -condition would not present any insuperable difficulty Br. Roger Hitehins, President of American Refractor ies Institute, was made Chairman of the Coraalttee which held a. meeting Tuesday evening after the close of the Symposium Ur. Eitchln3 was designated to meet with Kr. *idlein of the Rellcna Institute and ask him to make a proposal in definite and concrete form as to the manner in which the Jiellon.Institute night be able to assist the various industries for a fee of $25,000. When this proposal has been received and approved by the members of the Committee, it will be submitted to ihe various industries with the recommendation that It be accepted and that the various industries or individual corporations agree to stand, good far h proportionate amount a t -the fee not in excess of a definite specified sua 05221 X gathered that the proposal which wonld be nada by the- gallon Institute. would Include, aaong others, the foliola * s (a) 33 coaptHag of a coaprahenslT bibliography of *11 books, treatises and publications deal ing with, any aspect of the dost problea; and the evaluation thereof* (b) The piling, digesting and correlating of data and information free, various subscribing industries relative to their particular experi ences-- (c) 13 d ra f tin g o f .approved -workman.*s co ap en satio n le g is la tio n covering pnetB sonoconiosis. (d) The digesting of the laws of the various states which night affect the operations of industries presenting a dost.-hasard. (a) 335 outlining, of jrrobleas requiring r3search or -the- establishnant of fixed standards and the prevention of'duplication of effort and expense along these lines- 33 interest, with which the discussions were followed and the enrthnsiasa which greeted the proposal for unified effort lead s e to believe that the necassary support will be found for soaa sort of 'prograa along the above lines-- TAjSDITSH. bh ootJa n u a ry i s , . 1935 0Q52Z2 Castleman Asbestos File on CRANE Co. w/c = with cover letter or memo If DATE = 0, undated CD-ROM Document#: Crane ^ g - ^ D A T E = __article__ letter fro m __ medical__ trade journal __ published presentation from conference __ published government report __Fed Register notice __ government inspection results __ unpublished or internal report __ unpublished presentation from conference __ newspaper article letter __ memorandum __ industry warning labels __ industry sales literature __ industry recommended practices meeting __ agenda ___ minutes ___attendee list legal deposition testimony o f______________ : other LAJ*> O f F l C U Kil p a t r ic k & C o d y lWfTC frOQ 2 * 0 1 K TRCCT. K.W, 4 3 W A S H IN G T O N * O .C . * 0 0 3 7 rCJC*QCIMS)U -UOO TTLC^HO*:COPfCR1202) rwxrto*ts>*r*( v m n x jrs o**er dl numsk (202) 463-2525 PLAINTIFFS EXHIBIT A B - 148 orrteti Wr* 3*0 0 tm o-a *v>Mrwc rr*%VC ATLANTA. GEORGIA OOAJ ottt n o O*AUX**Anomo W ATLANTA. atC^OJA 3Q3J MNATOM OOOU *,' r ix z r nocrr LONDON tC * A 2Hd. tN O LA N O December 13 ,' 1988 VIA TELECOPY Steve W right, Esq. S k e lto n , T a in to r and -Abbott 95 Main S t r e e t Auburn, ME 04210 Re: Dr. F ra tt/A b e x Corporation Dear S teve: % A s mentioned by t e le p h o n e a c o u p le o f weeks ago-, we rep resen t Abex C orporation in v a r io u s a s b e s to s -r e la te d c la im s, w ith p a r t ic u la r fo cu s on th e c o n sp ir a c y is s u e s being addressed by Dr. C a stlem an . We would l i k e t o a rra n g e an in te r v ie w w ith Dr. P r a tt concerning h is r e c d lle c tio n o f any in te ra c tio n th a t American Brake Shoe Company, A b e x 's p red e ce sso r, had w ith th e Saran ac l a b o r a to r y . I sh o u ld t h in k t h a t we would be a b le to conclude our in te r v ie w iq le s s than two hours. Could you a s s i s t us in arranging a convenient tim e? In a d d it io n , we a r e v e r y much in t e r e s t e d in re v ie w in g th e opening and c lo s in g argum ents to th e ju ry in the case th a t was s u c c e s s f u l l y d efe n d e d on b e h a l f o f H.K. P o r te r in v o lv in g c o n s p ir a c y a l l e g a t i o n s . Would you p le a s e send me th o se p o r tio n s o f the tr a n s c r ip ts ? A ls o , to th e e x te n t th a t e ith e r Dr. Castleman t e s t i f i e d or Dr. P r a tt t e s t i f i e d in th a t c a se, cbuld -you a l s o send me e x c e r p t s from t h e t r a n s c r i p t c o n ta in in g t h e i r testim ony? P le a s e ch arge my fir m f o r any tim e and e x p e n se s. Best regards. Sin cerely, AB001277. A B001277. Castleman Asbestos File on CRANE Co. w/c = with cover letter or memo If DATE = 0, undated CD-ROM Document#: Crane C; DATE = / 9 3 c? __article__ letter from __ medical__ trade journal. __ published presentation from conference __ published government report __Fed Register notice __ government inspection results __ unpublished or internal report __ unpublished presentation from conference __ newspaper article __ letter __ memorandum __ industry warning labels __ industry sales literature __ industry recommended practices meeting ^ agenda ___ minutes ___attendee list e gal__deposition __ testimony of \ ; !S p :. ! "i,. t V k '3 . U- -f ! b ?** A New and Dynam: Concept for Growt] H . K . Porter Company, I? TH O M A S M E LO N 'E VAh " W e re A m erican N ew c o m e n to d o n a u g h t e lse p g # r w o rk is w e ll d o n e i f w e succeed in sh a rin g w ith e r ': A m erica a stren g th e n ed inspiration to co n tln u jfe x l'y . " the stru g g le tow ards a n o b ler C iviliza tio n -- * . th ro u g h w id er kn o w led g e and u n d e r s ta n d in g 'o f th e hopes, am bitious, and d eed s o f leaders in th e past w h o h a v e u p h e l d C i v i l i z a t i o n 's m a t e r i a l p r o g r e s s . A s w o look backward, let ns look fo rw a rd J3 ---- C H A R L E S P E N R O SE Stnlur VU t-PeuiJeut fee North di/iir!:a Th* ? /ttmonieti S erfity / R utland H This statement, crystallizing a broadpt/rpost o fthesociety, wasfirst read al the Netatomen Meeting a t New York W ahl's Fair on August}, 193V, when American Newcomen were guesss o f The British Government A N E W AND D Y N A M IC C O N C E P T F O R G5 H . K . P o rter C om pany, Inc. An Address at New York A m e r ic a n N e w c o m e n , th o u g h th e years, n u m ero u s in d u stria l o rg a n iza tio n s'w h o se c h a v e b een n o ta b le , b o th in th e U n ite d Stases an d in C anada. Such a N ew c o m e n m am tsc d e a l i n g w i t h a c o r p o r a te e n t e r p r i s e `u n i q u e l graphical a n d econom ic d iv ersity-- on e w e l th e d e s ig n a tio n : trA N e w a n d D yne C o n c e p t f o r G r o w t h ! 33 Copyright, ipss Thokas Mlllov Evans V Peitnltuott to abstract is granted frovnUJ proper credit it allowed V The Newcomen Society, as 1 body, is sioi responsible for opinions expressedinthe following ptges kiif f e if$.. 1 . ..V 1 . ; F irst P rim in g : A p ril 95j 'Second P rin tin g : A p r il tg g T h is N ew co m en .U U rea , d ealing w ith the his lo ry a n d contributions o f 1. K . Porter Conipany, Inc,, w it delivered at a National N ew t om en D inner o f T h e N ew com en Society in N a t lit A niericu, h eld in B allroom o f T h e P iet re, a t N e w Yorh, N .Y ., U .SIA., w hen M r. C voni w o f the guest of honor, on A pril o /, ,p ss "1 IN T R O D U C T IO N O F M R . EVANS, A T N E W Y O R K O N A. \ QV GEORGES. MOORE, EXECUTIVE V IC E-PR ESID EN T , } TIO N A L CITY SA N K OF N EW YORK} M EM U ER OF T | C O M M IT T E E , IN T H E N E W C O M E N S O C IE T Y I N NO* M y fe llo w -m em b ers o f N ew com eis: T h is evening wc shrill hear an unusual i told by an unusual individual. H. IC. Po Inc., the concern he speaks for, is almost. age, yet, in a sense, is merely sixteen years old. 'i j Evans will tell of the various divisions of this gro1 organization, which range in age from five to more dred years, is extraordinary. It will be told by o: in his early forties. ; # ; The story of the rebirth and growth of Porter is o achievement rarely matched in these United Stati 1 in recent years. Yet, while the vision was, and is, Evans, the organization he has built and is mana any sense a one-man effort. Behind him is a group oi burgh, and at cadi of the respective divisions, who their fields and who complement Tom Evans in th versification that makes his organization outstanding business. f j j Tom Evans is a Pittsburgher by birth and his business head quarters are there, although his various enterprises spread, through out the Nation. His friends say that while attending Shadyside Academy he preferred to read financial and industrial manuals, while they read fiction. At Tale, he majored in ecoponrjics and was graduated into a world sorely dislocated by economhydHScul- ttes Inthat eventful year, 1932. - , Tom Evans get his first job as a clerk with the vd^Oil Com pany in Pittsburgh that same year. It was not long before*he de cided to forsake the possibility of a lifetime career with Gulf to go into business for himself. " It was in 1939, while still in his twenties, that he was able to do this. But the story of how he acquired the then-bankrupt Porter company and changed it from a concern manufacturing steam locomotives to one of the most highly diversified in our land, is for him to tell. a? I have been able to watch the literal unfolding of this story-- a unique part of our American scene. It is my belief that Porter-- and Tom Evans--really arc only at the beginning of what is certain to be an even more interesting tale to be told at some future date. G en tlem a n ^ I am pleased to present to you the President of H. K, Porter Company, Inc., my friend: T h o m a s M. E v a n s . t 1 M y fello w -m em b ers o f N ew com en: O uit Company was founded eighty-nine yea Kirke Porter with twenty thousand doll his father. Mr. Porter had considered c istry before receiving ho\ lather's gil'ij by this que our Company started. Today it has very little 10 concern formed in rS66`, except that now, as t. business is serving industry. Tiie span of Mr. Porter's life--cighty-onc study for the ministry, service with the Massnchu in the Civil War, n two-vear term in the House fives in Washington, and fifty-five years in the n He left behind him not only an outstanding rcc and financial success but a fine reputation for charitable, civic, and religious activities. XQj> fcl During his entire business career the Comp; name of Porter Sc Bell, manufactured steam swi fives used in factories, .mills and mines, and, inc i7 5 to haul the old <felw trains here in New York. The original plant capacity was fifteen to twenty-five locomotives a year. %* Towards the end of the Nineteenth Century the name was changed'to H. K, Porter Company and it had grownjtp be one of the largest in the world in its highly specialized one hundred employees and a net worth of nearly dol lars. At the time of Mr. Porter'sdeath, in 1921, the'sho^p'capacity had reached six hundred locomotives a year, and the concern's net worth was in excess of two million dollars. Bu^the founder's death, the changing economy, and an era of inyendye progress, which saw steam locomotives give way to electric an<J then diesel, combined to effect a long decline which in ten year? reduced the Porter staff by half and finally required a complete reorganization in I939. '"nif! <Ot) bre!> At that time the only product Porter manufactured was the small locomotives. The long-term outlook was not bright consid ering the competition of oif-the-highway trucks, lift trucks, and conveyor bells. We tried manufacturing other products in the old locomotive plant in Pittsburgh, but, as you can. imagine, it is very difficult to adapt such a plant to the efficient production of other types of equipment. I can recall the time we tried to develop a new type of hydraulic locomotive. It would run backwards but not forward. Another time, when we were manufacturing special orders of process equipment, wc took an order for a specially de signed large pressure vessel for an oil refinery. When it was built, wc found it was too big to get out of the door of our plant. <Ti>' rO> Until 19+5; we continued to manufacture the small switching engines, in both stenm and diesel However, after a few years it became more than ever apparent that competition war too difficult if a company remained small, particularly in a "feast or famine" business like locomotives. I 1 In searching for new products to manufacture of the dying locomotive business, we came to tf one of the quickest, and probably the most ccoi to add new products by the acquisition of good, By combining this method of acquiring new p with research and development from within, 1 the character of our business from that of prii racturcr of switching locomotives and freight ca the war in 194.5, doingan annual business of less I a year, 'to a business now doing more than >So divided approximately twenty percent in industi ucts, twenty percent in refractory materials; tv electrical equipment, thirty percent in rolling at copper and copper alloys, and ten percent in mi products. *8 <8 When we made this decision we felt it advis.- family-owned or closely-held concerns for the sit they were not popular investments with larger inc national investors. We have found that frequend often than not, family-held corporations arc u, in their development and growth programs; the) to accept the q u o . And, as all of us know, tax problems involved with inheritances and dive vestments. "8 The period from 1945 to 1949 was one of < for H. X, Porter Company, Inc. Wc tried our i fields. We had moderate success in some, we f; When we acquired the Jarecki Manufacturing Ci fifteen oil field stores, all of which were losing m to try to correct this situation, we bought fifteen from another concern- which wanted to withdraw ness. Instead of fifteen stores losing money, we t oil field stores losing money, and finally dccidei from this business entirely since we couldn't m ' I 9I A t present Delta-Star is doing considerable work in the field of atomic energy. Its most recent effort in that field; completed in late January, involved equipment used in supplying power to the Atomic Energy Commission's new Portsmouth, O hio, project. There, Delta-Star's 330,000-volt switches and (Socio-ampere metal-enclosed bus went into operation. *,, '-:- 4w t O ur next acquisition was Connors Steel in Birmingham^'A la bama. W hen the opportunity was presented for us to purchase Connors Steel, we- felt that the rapid -growth of the South and the relative shortage o f steel-making capacity in that arqa made it an extremely attractive one. : Connors was founded by George W . Connors, Sr. in H elena, Alabama. Previously, in 1901, M r. Connors had been one o f the founders of the Atlantic Steel Company in Atlanta, Georgia. But he wished to have his own company and so m'oved over to A la bama in 1908 to form Cannon Steel. T h e original products of Connors were cotton ties, barrel hoops and light mine rails. Con nors inter expanded into hot rolled strips, then into concrete re inforcing and merchant bars, and light structural shapes. A fter considerable experimenting, M r. Connors discovered that rail steel products could be rolled successfully on a continuous m ill; the process was patented by him. Later, Connors Steel expansion increased roiling capacity and added electric furnaces. "8 W ithin eight weeks after our purchase o f Connors, we received a Certificate of Necessity for facilities costing more than two m il lion dollars. I t was applied to a four-fold objective: increased capacity, enfargingthe product range, improved quality, and mod ernization of existing facilities. Today, Connors is a shining exam ple of Southern business progress with a fine plant, a fine future in a fast growing industrial area. A current phase o f Connors' expansion program is the manufacture o f cold-drawn electric furnace steel which will be the first such material to be produced in the South. { r2 J Towards the end o f 1950 we had three gc.>gmpb separated divisions in Philadelphia, Chicago, and l>ii three different fields: industrial rubber, steel, and cie merit. O ur next decision to be made was: " W here dr here?" A n d that question biings us to our second sion in point o f years, founded in 1848, and purchns in 1952. IS T h e Watson-Stillnuuk Company was founded in 18 alet Lyo n, who built a small factory on N ew 1 Street, on the low er East Side, to make steam engin jacks, lever punches and shears. M r. L yon died in 1 of his employees, Messrs. Watson and Stillm an, for nership which pioneered in the design and manufacture equipment. % O ld advertisements tell us that back in the earl; hydraulic presses gave purchasers " an easy and rapv pressing oil from fish, cider from apples, and wine fr T h eir capacity rating was in terms of fish: for instan verdsed one machine which was capable of " pressing to T h ree H undred T housand Fish in ten hours." O n a Sunday afternoon in late M arch 1904, in Nev Madison Square Garden, Messrs. Watson and Strilm their first national fame-- or is it notoriety? T h a t d: cooperation oE the Barnum & Bailey Circus, and with f of millions o f people riveted to their newspapers, T Stillman Company's hydraulic weighing cylinders h< mine the " relative pulling strength of' men and anima in the experiment were horses, camels, elephants, am newspapers reported that one hundred men, pulling c registered a combined pull o f 6700 pounds, while tv two camels pulled about half that, and one elephant 4j ' "'"'i 13 1 For more than half a century T h e Watson-StUJman Company continued to manufacture in N ew York City, but in 1904 it was decided by Francis H . Stillman, the surviving partner, to move to the present site in nearby Roselle, New Jersey, Once there, the scope o f product activities was vastly enlarged, % **? Wntson-Stillman justifiably is proud of its c o n t n ^ ^ ^ r?>to Science and Engineering. T h e diving bell used by reno^n$a\Pfo- fessor W illiam Beebe in his record-breaking ocean descoit;ifl.i9 3 Q was engineered and manufactured by the Compaay;J.^V]ienhengi-* ncers were building N ew Y o rk 's Queens-Midto$yb.Tunnel through the bed o f the E ast R iver, Watson-Stillman' hydraulic jacks forced and guided the tunnel shield, while a ^Vatson-StilJmnn hydraulic erector arm positioned the tunnel lining, O ther design and construction achievements by Watson-StiHman engineers arc the largest plastic injection molding machine ever built: the mast powerful stretcher of its kind ever manu factured for aluminum plate, with a pulling power of four million pounds; and the hugest direct-drive brass extrusion press. *3? % T h e Watson-StiJlman Fittings Division is an offshoot of its parent. There wc manufacture forged steel fittings in carbon, stain less and alloy steels for use in the chemical, petroleum, power, and other industries, particularly where high temperatures, high pressures or corrosive conditions exist. A fter Porter purchased the parent company it was decided to expand the Fittings plant and make it a separate division. S T h e eighteen months from m id-1953 through 1954 saw the period o f Porter's greatest expansion to date. During that time wc purchased the St. Louis firm, A . Loschen & Sons Rope Com pany, manufacturers o f wire rope; A lloy Metal W ire, a P h ila delphia concern serving the chemical, electrical and electronic in- f 14 J dustriesj T h e M cLain Fire Brick Company, of 1 the Laciede-Christy Company of St. Louis, two old a iished firms in the refractories field*, Pioneer Ru Pittsburg, previously mentioned} and The Rivcrsidi pany, a N ew Jersey concern which produces non-i rc*l' O Leschen W ire Rope is now miicty-ciglil years Adolph Leschen, the founder, did most ul the mam selling of its only products, hemp tope and twine. T provided his first impetus as he began making ropes a the A rm y; the increased traffic or. the Mississippi R his second spurt. H is sons joined, him in the 1870' with production and sales, "S 1! Leschcn's best known product, Hercules W ire 1< troduced in 1886. In those days it was difficult to 0 ently good wire since torsion and tension varied. Hern Jong stride forward in the science of wire rope mail producing greater strength ami greater resistance U out sacrificing other essential properties such as cla bility, and toughness. "8 Leschen rope played nn important role in the bui Panama Canal, the N ew York State Barge Canal, New York all the steel work on Manhattan Bridge \v: place with Lcschen rope. Among other landmarks whose builders utilized Leschen products were the ( St. John the D ivine and the Municipal Building. TS -T? Today, the modernized Leschen plant turns out tv construction work, dredging, coal and metal raining, oil wed drilling, marine, elevators, airplanes, bridgt and even ski-lifts. >5 1 A llo y M etal W ire, founded in 1919 in Yonkers, N ew York, moved to its present location in Prospect Park, a suburb o f Phila delphia, in 1924.. I t produces stainless, nickel, Inconel and M onel wire, rod, and strip in a wide variety of sizes. % T h e M cLain Fire Brick Company is an outgrowth of.a concern founded in the early part o f this Century. Its six mines andjipl^nts arc located in Pennsylvania and Ohio, with headquarters la Pitts burgh. M cLain is the largest producer o f " pouring pit" refractory brick in the United States of America. I t has pioneered in the de velopment of hot tops used on ingot molds in the production of quality steel. .-'1 `Si W hile most of our divisions have been established for many years, the one-hundred-and-eieven-year-old Ladede-Christy Company is our oldest. Its greatest period o f growth was in the late years of the Nineteenth Century when it developed a radically new process in the manufacture o f fire brick-- the dry press method. Consid ered impractical b y the industry at the time o f discovery, it now is one of the most economical means of fire brick manufacture. Ladede-Christy pioneered in research among refractory manu facturers. In combination witli M cLain, we have the third largest refractory business in n field o f forty-three. "S `SI And that brings us almost up to date. Last Novem ber we pur chased T h e Riverside M etal Company, also more than a century old. Actually, this is an instance of the child becoming more promi nent than the parent, for the original concern o f which Riverside is an outgrowth was the Keystone Watch Case Company, now its subsidiary. %' H In 1B53, Keystone's James Boss filed patents on his process for making gold-filled watch cases. Boss felt that watch cases could be both less expensive and more durable. H e combined sheets of metal-- gold and brass-- and stamped watch case parts from them. t 16 3 In this way he laid the foundation for the m; Riverside-- supplying high-quality, non-ferrous nJ ety of uses. An interesting sidelight in the Rivers manufacture of pennies and nickels, for the Unite T h e rounded pieces of bronze and cupvo nidcel v Philadelphia mint where the final im pre^bn th During the Second W orld W ar, Riverside made for our military. Riverside is the woi Id's largest n phosphor bronze "\virc and is a major supplier of c alloys. Th at is the picture of H . K . Porter Company, 3 ment. But, before telling you something of our future, it would be amiss for me to Jet this evening a few words about the men who make all this possii an organization is no better than those persons wi most important elements. Tim e docs not permit me the names o f a ll key personnel; suffice it to say ; pointed out earlier this evening, each of our D i1 Managers 3s an expert in his field and must acccp- sponsibility for his divisional activities from pers duction and sales. Similarly, wc have a fine staff i offices in Pittsburgh. I do want to single out just officers here tonight: C. R . Dobson, our Executive V Frank A. Rchorst, our Secretary; and James C . I.csl urcr. These arc the men who coordinate the affairs divisions, and who arc invaluable to our Company %s rg , A t this time, I want to say a few words on our the agement. W e are firm believers in de-ccntralizatit head-office staff consists o f less than forty persons, counting and secretarial personnel, even though en a ll of our divisions new totals more than 6,000 pers o <ov:) Naturally, there arc ceifciin insf.mccs where coinbii various divisions, and in those cases we have done j I 17 1 give you a specific example, certain sales personnel with Leschen also sell the Quaker products in their territory,- our export de partments at Quaker and Watson-StiJlman are now operating as a single unit. But, by and large, w e have found that in a diversi fied business de-ceturalization is the answer. T h e question frequently is asked o f me: " W hat is your goal?" , or>.perhaps: " D o you have a definite spot at which you are aim ing?" The answer isn't simple. Today, in order to survive, we feel that a company must be relatively big to compete witK 'the giant corporations. In this economic era if you stand still you are actually falling back. I f you go ahead slowly you are doing little more than standing still. W ith the tremendous resources in selling, re search, planning, and manufacture of the very large organizations, smaller companies are faced with only two alternatives: growing, or remaining as they are, which wc feeTeventuaily means falling behind, if not finally going out o f business. "1! *8? So far, wc have found that it is easier and less expensive to buy a company and to develop its potential than to start some thing brand new. As long as this condition continues to exist we expect to continue our acquisitions from time to time. T h e very obviousness o f this evident ly blinds people to its practicality. Think of the trcmemiims expense ami effort, if, fur example, any o f us today wished to slat! a new steel inanufacUumg concern in Bir mingham, or elsewhere, sim ilar to our Connors Steel Division. Actually, our Connors plane in Birmingham docs not occupy a great deal of space, less than i j acres. Its research laboratory is Jess than the size of this room. It has some COO employees. T o start such a cumpany would take considerable time and money merely to staff its upper echelons. It would take, no doubt, close to two years to build and put into operation such a plant, and then, o f course, customers would have to be developed. f r8 ] H ow much quicker and usually more economic: chase a concern in a given field and thus secure ovci neering staff, technical knowledge, plant, products,; rrCD vn s) T h e pattern that our business has followed is to 5 A ll of our products are sold to industry or public u garden hose and plastic pipe, which are really by-p. * industrial rubber business. O) rg B y a rough rule of thumb, we have pointed out equipment, industrial rubber, refractory materials, count for about eighty percent of our sales, the othe cent being in the miscellaneous metal fabrication fie X x W c feel that Porter is contributing something to when wc inject new life and very often new wipllal in established concern, because of the difTtcidiies in mis t:il for improvement or expansion in a smaller, dos corn, combining with a stronger concern is often 1 about the only available solution for the conhmtntim of the company. X X W e do not think it is unusual that wc manufacture variety o f products. W e feel it actually adds stability pany. W hen one division or line o f products is su price wars, overproduction, or lessened demand froi and consequently has no earnings, other divisions rr very well. In an economy based on high corporate ta division is presently more than 50 percent subsidized era! T ax laws. T h e banding together of our compan 1 191 not only provides safeguards for employees, but also for our cus tomers ns well as our stockholders. 'ij In closing, may i thank you lor your 'attention, M r, Moore for his kind introduction, and Dr. Penrose, who made it possible for us to tell our story to you. Tins E n d .. p " Ac/oritm Memores sirnttl afjectanms Agenda!" I SO 1 c o n tr ib u tio n s o f H. K. Porter Company, li delivered a t a N a tio n a l N ew co m en D b m e r o f T j com en Society in N o r th A m erica, h e ld at N r, N . Y . j U .S .A .J o n A p r i l o i } X955. M r . E v a n s , t, o f honor} was introduced by G e o r g e S . M o o r e , t h e Vce-P residcnt, T h e F irst N a tio n a l C ity !hm k Y o r k ; M e m b e r o f th e N e w Y o r k C o> m n'ntes} in c a n N e w c o m e n . T h e d i n n e r w a s `p r e s i d e d o v e r S e n i o r V i c e - P r e s i d e n t f o r N o r t i -i A m e r in th is ip terita tio n a l Society. <bnj %3 21 1 " During H en ry Kirke P orter entire business career the Company, under the name o f Porter & Bell, manufac tured steam switching locomotives used in factories, mills and mines, and, incidentally, even to haul the old *eP trains hero in Now York. The original plant capac ity was fifteen to twenty-live locomotives n year.35 -- T homas M ellon E vans i 2a ] " W e feel that Porter is contributing somethu economy when we inject new life and very c capital into an old and established concern. 15 the difficulties in raising now capita) forim prov expansion in a smaller, closely held concern, o with a stronger concern is often the best, and al only available solution for the continuation ant. oC the company." -- T hom as M ello ; i 231 A m e r i c a n N e w c o m e n , interested always in industrial and economic history and in the contributions made by leaders in fields 'promoting America's material progress, takes `satisfaction in this highly informative, consistently human, and altogether satisfying Newcomen -manuscript. American Industry and American leadership, from early days, have gone forward as a result o f brilliant initiative,* 1are courage, and mellowed judgment-- whatever the enterprise. Such is the corporate life-stojy you have read! I THE NEWCOMEN SOCIETY in N o s th Ann-stcn M o re titan 3 0 years ago, th e fotc L . F . L o re a ( Y o rk, th e n eo n o f A m e ric a n ra ilroad -president no te k n o w n as "A m erican N ew co m e n " end inters t o r y , os d is ti n g u i s h e d f r o m p o l i ti c a l h is to r y : U s o b j e c ti v e s ce/. grou/lh, d ev elo p m e n t, contributions, a n d in flu en ce o f ltid\ C om m u n ica tio n , th e U tilities, M in in g , A griculture, B a n kin g Insurance, E d u ca tio n , In v e n tio n , a n d th e L a w -- these cue fields, i n shore, th e background o f those factors w h ic h hat contributing to th e progress o f M a n kin d . T h e N e w c o m e n Society in N o r th A m erica it a v o la n t headquarters in XJtcchlon T o w n s h ip , C h ester C o u n ty , uni countryside o f E astern P ennsylvania and 3 2 m iles W est o f th e T ie r s a lso is l o c a te d T h e T h o m a s N e w c o m e n L ib r a r y , a rcfc< fo r research a n d d ea lin g w ith th e subjects to w h ic h th e ientloss. M e etin g s a re h e ld th ro u g h o u t th e U n ite d States o f A vte ru a t w h ic h N e w c o m e n A d d r c s tc t are p r e se n te d b y leaders i n tl. T h ese m anstscrifts represent a broadest covet age o f phases . in v o lv e d , b o th A m e ric a n a n d C n/nniian. T h e a p p r o a c h i n m u t t cutset h a s b e a t a life -slu r-, t:f c o r f in te r p r e te d th ro u g h th e am b itio n s, th e successes itnd failure, achievem ents o f those pioneers w hose effoits fold th e fo u n t shstlor enterprise. T h e S o cie ty 's n a m e p erpetuates th e life a n d w ork o f 1 ( 1 6 6 3 - 1 7 2 9 ) , th e B ritis h p io n ee r, w hose valuable eon /rib u /io i t o th e n e w ly in v e n te d S te a m E n g in e b r o u g h t h i m la stin g fa. th e M echanic A rts. T h e N ew co m en E ngines, whose period o f to 1 7 7 $ , p aved a w ay fo r th e ind u stria l R evo lu tio n , N ew genius p rec ed ed b y m ore th a n SO years th e brilliant w ork in S t fam ous Jam es W a tt. % M em b ers a f A m erican N ew co m en , vilttn in E u ro p t, m by th e D a rtm o u th N tvscom en Association to visit th e T hom as N ew com en e l D artm outh In South D evo m h t land, w here th e festival o f "N ew com en D ay* if i each y e a r on the a im lve rtn iy, A u g u st sGth, o f hi