Document JNE969VoGw09v7wKOwKKnN96e

f PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT DUP-30 ASBESTOS RELATED DISEASES j. PbseZAto --Until th early 1950'a asbestos was thought to be an inert material which did not cause any problem; although asbestosis wa first described in 1906 in England and in 1930 in the U.S. and an association between asbestos exposure and lung cancer was noted as early as 1935, the fact that asbestos exposure could result in serious health problems was not widely accepted until much later. 3^ should be noted that large scale use of asbestos did not start until close to the end of the last century. This is important: 'since injn- ost cases diseases resulting from exposure to asbestos do not become evident until many years after the exposure begins, in seme cases up to 40 years. There are three disease entities which' result from exposure to asbestos. 1. Asbestosis JT 2. Mesothelioma _ 3. Cancer of the lung and other sites 932 DOP 0907490 m -2Asbeatosis is & chronic lung disease in which the lungs become slowly scarred and inelastic and the pleura (the outer surface of the lung) becomes thickened and sometimes calcified. The exact mechanism of asbestosis is unknown, but we believe that asbestos fibers are inhaled, and become trapped in the small air sacs in the lungs. The movement of the lungs during breathing causes the fibers to work their way into the lining of the bronchial tubes where they create a chronic irritation. The body's defense mechanism deposits various materials around the fiber in an attemt to destroy it or remove it.~ This is not possible and leads instead to the formation of a so called asbestos body.. The chronic irritation continues and eventually, scarring develops around the "asbestos bodies". The ultimate condition of the lung is one of severe emphysema. The disease develops slowly over the years and often continues to increase in severity even long after the exposure to asbestos has stopped. The effeot on the patient is a progressive restriction of his ability to move air in and out of his lungs, and the ability of gases to be exchanged in the lungs, so that the body tissues are provided little oxygen and are unable to adequately eliminate carbon dioxide. The patient becomes progressively short of breath, and ultimately^succumbs to intercurrent pulmonary infection or as a result of -heart failure. There is no effective treatment other than to provide some relief by restricting activities and providing temporary relief with oxygen and other respiratory aids. DUP 0907491 Mesothelioma is & tumor which involves the Lining of the cavities of the body, primarily the lining of the chest cavity, both the outer surface of the lung and the inner surface of the chest wall. It is also frequently found in the abdominal cavity, and in the cavities around the heart and the testicles. Mesotheliomas are not very malignant tumors in that they do not have a great tendeneyfa^iavade surrounding tissues, oa) to spread to~5istant sites} "CLuj Thera are two distinct types of mesothelioma, localized and diffuse. Most of the localized mesotheliomas can be successfully resected and there is no tendency for them to recur. There has been no association demonstrated between exposure to asbestos and the localized type of mesothelioma. The diffuse type begins in multiple areas within a body cavity. These 'seedlings" grow laterally and finally coalesce and complately~line the body cavity. If the lung is involved, expansion of the lung is restricted. At the same time they slowly invade the chest wall and result in severe pain. There is no effective treatment and death usually results in one year. An association between diffuse mesothelioma and asbestos exposure was first described in 1960; sines then several other epidemiological studies have confirmed this association. Some epidemiological works shows excesses of diffusa masthelioma even among members of the family of exposed workers and in the neighborhood of industrial sources of asbestos. DUP 0907492 g,iL,a ^"riliiifiiiriBiliilirr ~n = -4Xhe disease has been induced in experimental animals both by inhalation and by injection of asbestos in the chest cavity. The disease has also been induced in the chicken by a virus, suggesting that possibly asbestos acts by activating such a virus whielT then Induces mesothelioma. This is still highly speculative. The interval between the onset of exposure and development of the disease is long and is dose related. The average is said to be 30 years^but varies between less than one year to SO years. There is no evidence of any association between cigarette smoking and mesothelioma. DUp 907493 -5 Cancer of tha Lung and Other Sites Cancer of the lung and other sites, specifically the gastro intestinal tract and the larynx is the third type of disease associated with asbestos exposure. -- Tha suspicion of an association between asbestosis and lung cancer was first published in 1935, but convincing evidence of such an association did not appear until 1955. As late as 1960 a standard textbook on occupational medicine stated: "Some authorities believe that asbestos may induce bronchogenic carcinoma, but as yet there is no impressive body of evidence to support this assumption." Jn the middle sixties Selikoff investigated the mortality experience of insulation workers and concluded that the death ratp from cancer of the bronchus and pleura was 6.3 times as high as that for the general United States white male population and cancer of the stomach, colon, and rectum was three times as common. Cases of mesotheliomas and asbestosis were also found in this group. The lung cancer risk in this group was dose related. Some increase in lung cancer was seen in workers with less than 3 months exposure. An increase in cancer incidence was seen as- little as 10-14 years from the onset of work exposure, but the greatest increase occurred 30-45 years from the onset of -the work exposure. When cigarette smoking was taken into account, it was also calculated that asbestos insulation workers with a history of regular cigarette smoking had eight timis the risk of lung cancer deaths compared with cigarette smokers who did not do such work, and approximately 90 times tha risk of men who neither worked with asbestos nor smoked cigarettes. I DUP 0907494 For non-sniSkers there was no clear indication that asbestos exposure resulted in an increase in the risk of lung cancer. 1 In"the seventies there have been several other studies indicating an association between lung cancer and exposure to asbestos, practically all supporting a dose related response. A dose related response has also been observed in the case of digestive system cancer. Lung tumors have been induced in experimental animals by inhalation_with exposures as short as one day. All types of asbestos have been demonstrated to be able to produce both asbestosis and tumors; some however are more potent in inducing^ one response than the other.* *9 DUP 0907495 -Vans X. G. Flashy 3. R. 3oltciL_ H. 3. Trigg H. Z. Baldwin A. 3. Culver 77. C. Looney 3. E. P.anson W. 0. (Springs X L Stenger L. E. Williams Carroll Wiggs 3. R. Vaughan K. K. Bailey R. '.V. Calhoun D. L. Swats X D. Whitlow 0. S. Fitzgerald G. E. Lang X.Brown W. C-. Heberts E. T. Ruehl L. R. Robertson A. V. Episccpo W. J. Montgomery X. Mooyman X. Ash X. E. Wright C. A. Smith W. W. Cowdy L. 'E. Moss T. X. Hampton Led nor. Nemours Nemours Wiim. Waynesboro Seaford Camden Camden Cape Fear Cape Fear Kinston Kinston . Kinston Waynesboro Seaicrd Martinsville Martinsville Martinsville Louviers Old Eickory Old Eickory Waynesboro Old Eickory Chestnut Run Chestnut Run Maitland Kingston-Ontario Chattanooga Cooper River Chattanooga Spruance Spruance Assimment ?hcr.; Staid Enoineer 4sc3 Safety it Fire Legal 3546 ocS" Engineering 2SC0 Fieid Maint. ^298 Saiety/Health 3461 3CF Eng. Area 2531 Zngr. Spec. Environ. Cent. Supvr. 4483 4223 Environ. Corn. 5532 Fieid Maint. 3544 Insul. Super. Insui. Supvr. 5634 2731 SStF Frou&CSEA esa Area Maint. 22C2 Safety 2343 Safety Supvr. 2343 Materials Engg. 3435 Chief Supvr. 7612 Section Supvr. 6722 Safety, Eealth, Env. Affairs 2139 Env. Control 6160 Safety-OSEA 3512 Area Maint. Supvr. 3325 Maint. Forem. 4C6 Maint. Foreman 681 Area Maint. Supv. 1453 Area Maint. Supv. -Staple 9190 Env. Cont. 7237 S* H* & A* Engr. Supv. -Fieid 21C4 2940 934 DUP 0907496 __ *. G. Flasky 3. 3. Soltcrn E. S. Trigg E. 3. Baldwin A. 3. Culver 7/. C. Looney 3. 3. Hanson 77. -3. Spring W. J. Ster.ger L. ". W.llikrns Carroll Wiggs 3. R. Vaughan K. E. Eailey R. 77. Calhoun D. L. Swats 'V. ,D. 7/hitiow 0. -E. Fitzgerald C-. 3. lang J. R. Brown 77. G. Roberts E. T. Ruahl L. R. Rcbertscn A. V. Spiscooo 77. J. Montgomery J. Mooymaa E. Ash X. E. Wricht C. A. Smith w. ,w. Eowny L. R. Moss T. J. Hampton wCcs.** z r Nemours Nemours 7711m. Waynesboro Seaiord Camden Camden Cape Fear Cape Fear Kinston Kinston . Kinston Waynesboro Seaiord Martinsville Martinsville Martinsville Louviers Old Eickory Old Eickory Waynesboro Cld Eickory Chestnut Run Chestnut Run Maitland Kingston-Cntario Chattanooga Cooper River Chattanooga Spruance Spruance Ass;jr,z:3r.: T. ~ "o Stan: 3ngineer 4365 Safety k Fire 3545 legal 5537 Zncineerinc 23CC Field Malm. 7298 Saiety/Health 3461 3CF 3ng. Area 2531 3ngr. Spec. 4488 Environ. Cent. Supvr. 4223 Environ. Cent. 6582 Field Maim. 6544 Insul. Super. 6634 Insul. Supvr. 2781 S&F Prot. &CSEA 353 Area Maint. 2302 Safety 2248 Safety Supvr. 2348 Materials Engg. 3435 Chief Supvr. 7512 Section Supvr. 3722 Safety, Health, Env. Affairs: 2139 Env. Control aieo Safety-C SEA 3512* Area Maint. Supvr. 3325 Maint. Fcrem. 406 Maint. Foreman 581 Area Maint. Supv. 1453 Area Maint. Supv. -Staple 5 ISO Env. Coot. 7237 S.H.E.A. 2104 Engr. Supv. -Field 2940 934 DUP 0907497 --*J2z4~6T-l--^ t -- 7} V3/ tft&b) Oy^i^^r^^^Jiryu^JL. 0aV&*-+dl O^uJL&aJI' MOlsu\. L/r 7T ' /?-^ ~ P^vJ> ^-5~._A6 * C/ffr y) rrtm _SfT7 . : " as:'. ; 2 035 DUP 0907498