Document JN1rnDbeZ32ReGJGkeQbrmRjX
TOXIC EFFECTS OF IMPORTANT INDISTRIAL CHEMICALS
As
LU 91B IM
Sub stance Acetaldehyde
Formula ch3cho
Acetic acid
CH3COOH
Acetic anhydride
(ch3co)2o
Acetone
CH3COCH3
Acrolein Acrylonitrile Ammonia
CHg :CBCHO CHglCBCN NH3
Usual Physical
State
Max. Allowable
Concn. p.p.m.
Toxic Manifestations
Liquid
200 Acute; irrita tion of ocular and respiratory mucous membrane,
general narcotic action; Chronic; weight loss, central nervous system disturbances.
Liquid
10 Skin and mucous membrane irrita tions; lacrimation.
Liquid
5 Irritation of eye and respira tory mucous membranes; skin irritant.
Liquid
500 Central nervous system depres sion; headache; bronchial ir
ritation.
Liquid
0.5 Extreme irritant pulmonary edema after brief ex posure .
Liquid
20 Nausea; vomiting, weakness; fa
tigue; occasional liver damage.
Oas 100 Irritation of
respiratory pas sages; occa sional pulmo nary edema; bronchitis; ir ritation of eyes caustic action on skin.
Vlrt 0002026398
TOXIC EFFECTS OF IMPORTANT. INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS
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Substance Amyl acetate
Aniline
Formula CH3COO(CH2)ijCH3
C6H5NH2
Usual Fhysical
State Liquid
Liquid
Max Allowable
Concn.
_ P-P-ip*
Toxic Manifestations
200 Limited toxicity occasional ir ritation of eyes and nose; nar cosis at high concentrations.
Methemoglobin formation; diminished oxy genation of blood; depres sion of cir culation; direct effect on heart; central nervous
system irritant.
Arsine Benzene
ASH3 C6H6
Gas Liquid
0.05 35
Destruction of red blood cells with anemia and jaundice.
Headache, dizziness, and muscular twitchings; central nervous system stimulation'fol lowed by nar cosis; in chronic case, anemia and leu kopenia .
Bromine
Bj2
Gas Irritation of the mucous mem branes of the eye and respira tory passages.
1, 3-Butadiene
CH2:CHCH:CHg
Gas
1000
Narcotic at high concentrations.
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TOXIC EFFECTS OF IMPORTANT INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS
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Sub stance
Formula
Usual Physical
State
Max, Allowable
Concn, p .p .m.
Toxic Manifestations
2-Butanone
CH3CH2CCCH3
Liquid
250 Irritation of the nose and eyes; skin
sensitization; narcosis at high concentrations.
n-Butyl acetate
CH^COOC^H^
Liquid
200 Eye and nasal irritation; nar cosis at high concentrations.
n-Butyl alcohol
CH3(CH2)2CH20H
Liquid
100 Keratitis and central nervous system depres
sion at high concent rations.
Butyl Cellosolve (2-b ut oxyethanol)
Cl^OCHgCHgOH
Liquid
200 Local irri tating effects; hematuria; dyspnea; kidney damage.
Carbon dioxide
co2
Gas
5000
Irritation of
respiratory
passages;
stimulation of
the respiratory
center; acts as
simple asphyxi
ant .
Carbon disulfide
CSg
Liquid
20 Narcotic action on the central nervous system leading to in creased activity and paralysis of the respiratory center; chronic
exposure; de generation of
the central ner vous system with bizarre symptoms of psychiatric
and neurologic disturbances.
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TOXIC EFFECTS OF IMPORTANT INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS
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Sub stance Carbon monoxide
Formula CO
Carbon tetrachloride ecu*
Usual Physical
State Gas
Liquid
Max. Allowable
Concn. p.p.m.
Toxic Manlfestations
100 Headache;
nausea; dizzi ness; muscular depression; death due to chemical anoxe mia.
50 Central nervous
system depres
sion with in creased saliva tion, weakness,
and uncon sciousness; liver and kidney damage in chronic ex posure, and general non specific symp toms.
Cellosolve (S-ethoxyethanol)
C^OCHgCHgOH
Liquid
Cellosolve acetate
CHjCOOC^CHgOCgH
Liquid
200 Slight irrita tion to mucous membrane and occasional kid ney damage; practically nontoxic on chronic ex posure.
100 Central nervous system depres sant in high concentrations; eye irritant; occasional kid ney damage
m 0002826481
TOXIC EFFECTS OF IMPORTANT INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS
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Sub stance Chlorine
Formula Gig
Chlorobenzene Chloroform
CgHjCl CHCl^
1-Chloro-1-nit ro propane
CH^CHgCHClWOg
Chloroprene (2-Chloro
1,3-butadiene)
CHg :CBCC1:CH2
Cyclohexane
i>
Usual Physical
State Gas
Liquid Liquid
Max. Allowable
Concn. p.p.m.
1
75 100
Toxic Manifestations
Irritation of res piratory and ocular membranes; acute spasm of larynx; pulmonary edema; secondary pneumonitis; dir ect injury to the teeth and skin.
Central nervous system depression.
Powerful anes thetic action with possible damage to the liver.
Liquid
20 Irritation of the respiratory tract; damage to the liver, kidneys, and blood vessels.
Liquid Liquid
25 Depression of the central nervous system with liver and kidney damage; lowers blood pres sure; irritates the respiratory tract.
1*00 Stimulation and then depression of the central ner vous system with giddiness stupor, and paralysis of the respiratory center.
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TOXIC EFFECTS OF IMPORTANT INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS
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Substance
Formula
Usual Physical
State
Max. Allowable
Concn. p.p.m.
Toxic Manifestations
Cyclohexanol
CH2(CH2)l4CHDH ii
Liquid
100 Irritation of ocular and res piratory mucous membranes; de pression of the central nervous system at high concentrations.
Cyclohexanone
CH^CH^CO 11
Liquid
100 Irritation of the throat and mucous membranes of the respiratory tract; narcosis with de
pression of the central nervous
system at high concentrations.
Cyclohexene
CHgCCHgJ^HtCH ii
Liquid
llOO Irritation of the respiratory tract; depression of the central nervous
system.
Cyclopropane
CH2.CH2.CHg 11
Gas 400 Giddiness; loss of consciousness;
respiratory de- pression; cardiac disturbances in rate and rhythm.
o-Dichlorobenzene
CgH^Cla
Liquid
50 Local irritating effects; occasion ally depression of
the central ner vous system with injury to the liver, jaundice,
and abdominal tenderness.
2026403
TOXIC EFFECTS OF IMPORTANT INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS
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Substance
Formula
Usual Physical
State
Max. Allowable
Concn. p .p .m.
Toxic Manifestations
, ,-Dichlorodiethyl ether (bis(2-chloro ethyl)ether)
(ClCHgCHg^O
Liquid
15 Irritation of respiratory pas sages and eyes with respiratory disturbance, gasping, and central nervous
Bystem depression.
Dichlo rodifluoromethane (Freon-12) CGlgFg
Liquid
1000
Depression of the central nervous system only at high doses.
1,1-Dichloroethane (ethylidene chloride) CH^CHClg
Liquid
100 Depression of central nervous system; possible liver and kidney damage
1,2-Dichloroethane (ethylene chloride) CHgCICHgCl
Liquid
100 Irritation of respiratory tract salivation; de pressant of central nervous system.
1,2-Dichloroethylene CBClsCHCl
Liquid
200 Irritation of mucous membrane with specific ir ritant action on the cornea; lacrimation followed by corneal opacity, restlessness,
twitching, con vulsions; central nervous irritation and depression at high concentra tions; no in cidents of chronic industrial poisoning.
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TOXIC EFFECTS OF IMPORTANT INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS
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Substance
Formula
Dichlorofluoromethane CHClgF
Dlchloromethane (methylene chloride) CHgClg
Usual Physical
State
Liquid
Max, Allowable
Concn.
pp.a
Toxic Manife stations
1000
Practically non toxic with little physiological ef fect, except at high concentra tion; may decom pose at high temperatures to form irritating and toxic sub stances.
Liquid
500 One of the least toxic of chloromethane de rivatives; some
irritation of mucous membranes; central nervous system depression with increased pulse rate and respiratory de pression.
1,1-Dichloro-l-nitro-
ethane
CHjCCl^KOg
Liquid
10 Irritation of mucous membranes and skin; may pro duce severe pulmonary damage; may cause liver and kidney damage.
1,2-Dichloropropane (propylene chloride) CH^CHClCHgCl
Liquid
10 Central nervous system depression leading to nar cosis at high con centration; hematuria, jaundice, and in dications of liver and kidney damage on chronic ex posure .
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TOXIC EFFECTS OF IMPORTANT INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS
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Substance
l,2-Dichloro-l,l,2,2tetrafluoroethane (Freon-114)
Formula CC1F2CC1F2
Usual Physical
State
Max. Allowable
Concn. p.p.m.
Toxic Manifestations
Liquid
1000
Practically non toxic; anesthetic at very high con centration; may decompose at high temperature to liberate irri tating substances.
Dimethylaniline
c6h5n(ch3)2
Liquid
Dimethyl Sulfate
(c^gSOj,
Liquid
Dioxane
0 .CHgCHg >0 CHg.CHg Liquid t
5 Headache, tachy cardia, dyspnea, and other symp toms of methemo
globinemia; de pressing effect on
the nervous system with headache, weakness, giddi ness, tremors, and convulsions prior to death.
1
100 '
Local necrotizing action on the skin irritation to the respiratory tract and eyes which may be delayed; toxic involvement of the liver, kidneys, and heart as evidenced by im paired function of these organs.
Irritation of res piratory tract and eyes, drowsiness, headache, vertigo, and other signs of central nervous system irritation; liver and kidney
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TOXIC EFFECTS OF IMPORTANT INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS
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Substa nee
Formula
Usual
Physical State
Max. Allowable
Concn. p.p .m.
Toxic Manifestations
Dioxane (Continued)
damage with en
largement of the liver and marked depression of urinary output with hematuria.
Ethyl acetate
CH^COOC
Liquid
400 Irritation of mucous surfaces,
particularly of the eyes, respira tory passages, and gums; mild nar cotic; some indi-
cation of injury to liver, kidneys and blood on pro longed exposure.
Ethyl alcohol
CgH^OH
Liquid
1000
Not a serious in dustrial poison; Moderate irrita
tion of eyes and upper respiratory tract; some degree of intoxication at
high air concen tration.
Ethylbenzene
C6H5C2H5
Liquid
200 Irritation of eyeE and upper respira tory tract; moder ate narcotic with depressing effects on motor activity.
Ethyl bromide
CgH^Br
Llq uid
200 Marked irritation of lungs; central nervous system depression leading to anesthesia.
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TOXIC EFFECTS OF IMPORTANT INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS
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Substance
Formula
Usual Physical
State
Max. Allowable
Concn. p.p.m#
Toxic Manifestations
Ethyl chloride
C2H5C1
Liquid
1000
Central nervous system depression leading to rapid anesthesia; mild irritation of respiratory tract; some damaging ef fects on heart and liver.
Ethylene chlorohydrin CHgClCHgOH
Liquid
5 Nausea, headache, pains in chest, and central ner vous system de pression; marked
irritation of respiratory tract leading to fatal pulmonary edema; irritation to akir and eyes; extreme dyspnea with dis orientation in fatal cases.
Ethylene oxide Ethyl ether
O.CHg.CHg (c2h5)2o
Gas Liquid
100 Relatively low toxicity to man, but will produce irritation of the eyes and nasal passages; at high concentrations, central nervous system depression marked by respira tory disturbances
400 Acute: central nervouB system depression with anesthesia and death from depres sion of respira tory center; chronic: loss of appetite, dizzi ness, headache, p^tidc disturbance
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Sub stance Ethyl formate
Formula HCOCCgH^
Usual Physical
State
Liquid
Max. Allowable
Concn, D 'D .m.
Toxic Manifestations
100 Severe irritation of eyes and mucous membrane of upper respira tory tract; nar cosis at high concentrations.
Ethyl orthostllcate (tet raethoxy silane)
Si(OC2H5)i^
Liquid
100 Lacrimatlon; moderate irrita tion of the re spiratory tract; dyspnea and nar cosis with re
spiratory de pression.
Formaldehyde
ECHO
Gas 5 Markedly irri tating to eyes and upper respira tory tract; severely irri tating to skin and likely to cause sensitiza tion; occasional ga st ro-inte stina1 upsets with kidne\ damage and soften ing of keratincontaining tissues
Gasoline
cn^2n+2 (he^e n ranges from
5 to 8)
Liquid
500 Anesthetic with moderate depres sion of the cen tral nervous system at low concentrations.
Heptane
CHjfCBg) jCH3
Liquid
500 Narcosis and anesthesia.
Hexane
CH3(CH2)i(CH3
Liquid
500 Narcosis and anesthesia,
60*9101000
TOXIC EFFECTS OF IMPORTANT INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS
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Sub stance Hydrogen chloride
Formula HC1
Hydrogen cyanide
HCN
Hydrogen fluoride
EF
Usual Physical
State Gas
Gas
Gas
Max. Allowable
Concn. p.p .m.
Toxic Manifestations
5 Gastrointestinal disturbance with increased gastric acidity; chronic irritation of the respiratory tract; acute destruction of the teeth; dermatitis and irritation of the skin.
10 Headache, dizzi ness, weakness, and loss of con sciousness; death due to intra cellular asphyxia.
3 Extensive ir ritation of the skin and respira tory tract leading to ulceration and pneumonitis.
Hydrogen selenide
HgSe
Gas
0.05
Severe irritation
of the respiratory
tract leading to
chemical pneu
monitis; oc
casional gastro
intestinal dis
turbances with
nervousness,
metallic taste,
garlic odor of
breath, and oc
casionally liver
damage.
Hydrogen sulfide
H2S
Gas
20 Primary irritation of the respiratory tract preceded by headache, giddi ness, and followed
VSD 000 202 6 4 10
TOXIC EFFECTS OF IMPORTANT INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS
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Substance
Formula
Usual Physical
State
Max. Allowable
Concn. p.p.m.
Toxic Manifestations
Hydrogen sulfide (Continued)
occasionally by severe edema of the lungs; stimulation fol lowed by paraly sis of the re spiratory centers.
Iodine
Ig
Solid
1 Irritating and
corrosive action
on the skin and
the mucous mem
branes with cough
lacrimation, head'
ache, and vertigo
prolonged
absorption may
result in mental
depression,
nervousness, and
insomnia with
mental changes.
Isoamyl alcohol
(CH3 ^CHCHgCHgGH Liq uid
100 Gastrointestinal
disturbances; headache; irri tation of mucou6 membrane at high concentrations; vertigo and col lapse.
Isophorone
0 Ha H
(ch^)a
ch3
Liquid
25 Moderate irri tation of the eyes, nose and throat; narcosis at high concen trations with oc casional lung ir ritation; kidney damage may occur
on prolonged ex posure .
Vlffi 0002026411
TOXIC EFFECTS OF IMPOKEANT INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS
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Substance
Formula
Usual Physical
State
Max. Allowable
Concn.
p *p .m
Toxic Manifestations
Isopropyl alcohol
(CH^CHOH
Liquid
4oo Not an industrial
hazard; minor ir ritation of eyes and respiratory tract; nausea; moderate de pression at high concentrations.
Isopropyl ether
(CH3)2CHOCH(CH3)g Liquid
500 Central nervous system depression leading to vary ing degrees of anesthesia.
Mesityl oxide
(ch3)2c:chcoch3
Liquid
50 Narcosis with de pression of heart and respiratory rates: some cumulative toxicity.
Methanol
CH^OH
Liquid
200 Muscular cramping; disturbances in digestion; general central nervous depres sion, with diz ziness, stupor, blindness, and coma; optic nerve damage.
Methyl acetate
CH3COOCH3
Liquid
200 Ocular and ner vous disturbances, inflammation of the eyes; respira tory difficulties; palpitation.
Methyl bromide
CH3Br
Gas 20 Dermatitis; ir ritation of the
respiratory system; gastro intestinal dis turbances; central
TOXIC EFFECTS OF IMPORTANT INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS
Page I6
5k
000 20 264 J 2
Substance
Formula
Methyl bromide (Continued)
Usual Physical
State
Max. Allowable
Concn. p.p.m,
Toxic Manifestations
nervous system depression with diplopia; chronic: central confusion and psychotic episodes.
Methyl butyl ketone (2-hexanone)
CHgCOCH^CH^C^ Liquid
Methyl Cellosolve (2methoxyethanol)
CHjOCHgCHgOH
Liquid
Methyl Cellosolve acetate
CH^COCCHgCHgOCH^ Liquid
100 Irritation of the eye and nasal mucosa; central nervous system depressant at higher concen trations with depression of body temperature and respiratory and heart rate.
25 Depressing effect on the blood picture with a tendency toward anemia; neu rological dis turbances with lncreased drowsiness and, in extreme cases, toxic enc ephalopa thy.
25 No industrial cases reported; however, mildly irritating to the respiratory tract and probably will produce toxic en cephalopathy with confusion and de generation of the central nervous system.
**VRD 0002026413
TOXIC EFFECTS OF IMPORTANT INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS
Page 17
Substance
Formula
Usual
Physical State
Max* Allowable
Concn.
Toxic Manifestations
Methyl chloride
CH3C1
Gas 100 Degenerative ef fects on the central nervous system with pre dominant dis
turbances of vision; mild poisoning is characterized by interference with locomotion and headache; severe poisoning may have indications of liver, kidney, and bonemarrow damage.
Methylcyclohexane
CH^fCHg^CBCH^
Liquid
500 No industrial poisoning; the compound will pro duce irritation of the eyes and mucous membrane and narcosis with resulting convul sions and death
due to the depres sion of the re spiratory centers
Methylcyclohexanol (misture of o-, mand -)
ch3c6hiooh
Liquid
100 Central nervous system depression; occasional irri tation of mucous membrane at high concentrations.
Methylcyc lohexanone (mixture of o-, m- and j>-) ch3c6h9
Liquid
100 Moderately irri tating to the skin and mucous membranes; chief systemic effects
TOXIC EFFECTS OF IMPORTANT INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS
Page 16
H t9l0200B
Sub stance
Formula
Methylcyclohexanone (Continued)
Usual Physical
State
Methyl formate
bcooch3
Liquid
Methyl isobutyl ketone (4-methyl-2-pentanone CH^CCCHgCO(CH^)q
Liquid
Methyl propyl ketone (2-pentanone)
CHgCOCHgCHgC^
Liquid
Max. Allowable
Concn.
"P p .m.
Toxic Manifestations
are narcosis with decreased body temperature and convulsive move ments.
100 Irritation of the respiratory tract followed by central nervous system depression; narcosis and in co-ordination.
100 Irritation of the conjunctival and nasal mucosa with narcosis at high concentrations characterized by decreased body
temperature and rapid lowering of
respiratory and heart rates.
200 Ocular and nasal irritation; central nervous depression at higher concen trations.
Naphtha (coal tar)
Liquid
200 Warcosis of the central nervous system; depres sing effects on the red and white cell production leading to anemia and leukemia; liver and kidney damage.
D 00020 26 415
TOXIC EFFECTS OF IMPORTANT INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS
Page 19
Sobstance
Formula
Usual Physical
State
Max. Allowable
Concn. p.p.m.
Toxic Manifestations
Naphtha (petroleum)
Liquid
500 Primarily central nervous system depres sion.
Nickel carbonyl
Hi (CO)^
Liquid
1 Irritation; in digestion; edema of the lungs with dyspnea, vomiting and dry inef fective cough; cyanosis due to hypoxia.
Nitrobenzene
C6H5MOg
Liquid
1 Anemia due to methemoglob in formation and de
pressed bone marrow function; fatigue; head ache; loss of ap petite; ulcer of the legs; marked cyanosis.
Nitroethane
c2h5no2
Liquid
100 Irritation of the upper respiratoiy tract and eyes; narcotic at high concentrations.
Nitrogen oxides
NO, NO^, N-0,
Gas
25 Bronchial irri tation; dizzi ness; headache; cough; respira tory difficulties severe cardiac symptoms; occas ionally methemo globinemia.
TOXIC EFFECTS OF IMPORTANT INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS
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SO =A
0002026416
Substance
Formula
Usual Physical
State
Max. Allowable
Concn, p.p.m.
Toxic Manifestations
Nit rog lyce rin
CHgNO^ i CHN03
CHgN03
Liquid
0.5 Decreased blood pressure with a variety of cent ral nervous system symptoms, including faint ing and possible confusion, hallu cination and maniacal mani festations with respiratory
paralysis; con siderable skin
irritation and digestive dis turbances.
Nitromethane
CE^NOg
Liquid
100 Irritation of the upper respiratory tract and eyes; disturbances in
gait and muscular co-ordination due to stimulation and then depres sion of the cent ral nervous system.
2 -N itropropane
C^CHNOgCH^
Liquid
50 Anorexia; nausea; vomiting; diar rhea ; irritation of the respiratory tract and eyes; central nervous syatr-a irritation.
Octane
ch3(ch)6ch3
Liquid
5OO Moderate irri tation of respira tory passages;
vertigo; ataxia; muscular inco ordination; respiratoiy de pression at high c one ent rations.
TOXIC EFFECTS OF IMPORTANT INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS
Page 21
5*
Substance Ozone
Pentane
Formula 03
CH3(CH2}3CH3
Usual Physical
State Gas
Liquid
Max. Allowable
Concn. p .p ,m.
Toxic Manlfe stations
Respiratory dis comfort; head ache; general de pression; lower ing of the metabolic rate;
severe pulmonary irritation at high concentrations.
1000
Drowsiness; vertigo; ataxia; anesthesia at
high concen trations ,
Phosgene
COClg
Gas
Extreme irrita
tion of eyes and respiratory tract; severe lung dam age with pul monary edema, b rone hiec ta s i s, and pulmonary abscess.
Phosphine PH3 Gas 0.05 Acute: dyspnea, slowing of heart rate, lowered blood pressure, convulsions, coma, paralysis;
chronic: anemia, nervous disorders
embrittling of teeth and bones.
Phosphorus trichloride PCI
Liquid
0.5 Irritation of mucous mendbrancs of eyes and re spiratory pas sages; dyspnea;
severe pulmonary damage.
0002026418
TOXIC EFFECTS OF IMPORTANT INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS
Page 22
Sub stance
Formula
Usual
Physical State
Max* Allowable
Concn.. p.p.m-
Toxic Manlfestations
Propyl acetate
CH^COOCHgCHgCH^
Liquid
200 Sleepiness;
fatigue; de pressed respira tion; habitu ation; some ir ritation of re spiratory tract; possible liver damage
St lb Ine
Gas 0,1 Headache; nausea; weakness; de
creased respira tory and cardiac rates; hematuria; anemia -
Stoddard Solvent
Petroleum fraction Liquid
500 Irritation of mucous memb ranees headache; fatigue, central nervous system depression.
Styrene (monomer)
CH5CH:CH2
Liquid
200 Irritation of nose and eyes; systemic
disturbances.
Sulfur dioxide
SO 2
Gas 10 Alteration of sense of smell anc
taste; irritation of mucous mem branes of eyes anc throa t; severely irritating to the lungs.
Sulfur monochloride
SgClg
Liquid
1 Irritation of eve* and respiratory tract; dyspnea, coughing, and severe pulmonary Irritation at
moderate concen trations.
TOXIC EFFECTS OF IMPORTANT INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS
Page 23
Substance
Formula
Usual
Physical State
Max. Allowable
Concn. p p *m.
Toxic Manifestations
1,1,2,2-Tetrochloro ethane
CHClgCHClg
Liquid
5 Acute: irritation of the central nervous system, acute yellow atrophy of the
liver; chronic: head ache, tremors, neurologic changes
Tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene)
CCl^CC 12
Liquid
100 Nausea; excessive perspiration;
dizziness; stupor; probably does not produce liver or kidney damage.
Toluene
C6H5CH3
Liquid
200 Irritation of mucous membranes; headache; anorexia; weak ness; stupor; liver damage; de pression of bone marrow activity; anemia.
p-Toluidine
CHgC^MKg
Solid
5 Headache; weak ness; dyspnea; cyanosis;
me themog lob inemia: central nervous system stimula tion followed by depression.
T richloroethy lene
CHC1:CC12
Liquid
100 Dermatitis; optic and fifth nerve neuritis; liver damage; central nervous system depression, irri
tation of the lung and respira
tory tract*
VRD 0002026420
TOXIC EFFECTS OF IMPORTANT INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS
Page 24
Substance
Formula
Usual Physical
State
Max. Allowable
Concn. V .P m.
Toxic Manifestations
Trichlorof luorome thane
(Freon-11)
fcci3
Liquid
1000
Only a slightly toxic compound causing central nervous system depression due to anesthetic prop erties; mildly irritating at higher concen trations; death from paralysis of respiratory center.
Turpentine
Liquid
100 Nausea; vomiting; colic and diar rhea; hematuria;
rapid breathing; palpitation; bronchitis; nephritis; coma.
Vinyl chloride
CHglCHCl
Gas
500 Dizziness and disorientation; changes in re spiratory rate; narcosis.
Xylene (mixture of om-, and p-)
c6VcV2
Liquid
00 Irritation of eyes and respira tory tract; cent ral nervouB system depression
liver damage; de pression of red cell formation.
Antimony compounds
Solid
0.5 Dermatitis and conjunctivitis;
produces a toxic
picture similar to arsenic, but industrial poison ing rarely occurs.
VRD 0002026421
TOXIC EFFECTS of important industrial chemicals
Page 25
Substance
Formula
Usual
Physical
State
Max,
Allowable
Concn.
p.p.m.
Toxic
Manifestations
Arsenic compounds
Solid
0.5 Skin manifests' tion including dermatitis, ulceration, and bronzing; per foration of the
nazal septum; ga st rointe st ina1 upset; occasional kidney and liver damage; neu rological mani festation, fre quently peri pheral neuritis.
Barium compounds
Solid
0.5 Ga strointestina1 irritation, vomiting, colic, and diarrhea; oc
casional bron chial irritation with pneumonoconiosis; whitening of the hair and depilation.
Cadmium compounds
Solid
0.1 Dermatitis and skin ulceration, dryness of the throat, head ache, vomiting, constriction in the chest, fol lowed by cough, chest pain,
severe dysphoria; discoloration of the teeth; prostration.
Chlorinated diphenyls
Solid
1 Dermatitis, chiefly acne fornj jaundice; hepatitis.
I I M U U H OHA
TOXIC EFFECTS OF IMPORTANT INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS
Page 26
Substance
Formula
Usual Physical
State
Max. Allowable
Concn. P *p *m.
Toxic Manifestations
Chlorinated naphthalenes
Pentachloro
?ioH3C15
Trichloro
Ci0h5ci3
Solid
Chromic acid and chromates
Calcd, as CrO^
Solid
Dermatitis, es 0.5 pecially acne
form; liver and 5 kidney damage
with jaundice, dark urine, and itching of the skin.
0.1 Dermatitis; per foration of the nasal septum; chrome ulcers; irritation of the respiratory tract possible long tumor formation.
Cyanides
Calcd. as CN
Gas
5 Headache; weak ness; dizziness;
occasional irri
tation of the eyes and respiratoiy tract; chest constriction; loss of conscious
ness with respira tory difficulty; paralysis.
4,6-Dinitro-O-cresol
CH3C6H2(M02)sOH Solid
0.2 Liver and kidney damage; decreased vision and for mation of cata racts; elevation of basal metabol
ic rat**; thyroid changes.
Dinitrot0lue ne (mixtures of isomers)
Solid
1-5 Metallic taste; muscular weakness headache; gastro intestinal dis turbances in cluding nausea,
iw ib m b b o y
TOXIC EFFECTS OF IMPORTANT INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS
Page 27
-
Substance
Formula
Usual Physical
State
Max. Allowable
Concn. p*p.m.
Toxic Manifestations
Dinitrotoluene (Continued)
vomiting, and anorexia; methemoglobln forma tion; pallor; cyanosis; anemia; dizziness.
Fluorlde6
Solid
2-5
Max. Allowable
Concn. mg./cu.m.
Irritation of the nasal passages
and respiratory tract, nosebleed due to inhalation of dust; following acute accidental ingestion, vomit ing, abdominal pain, convulsions, muscular weakness paresis, loss of consciousness. motor unrest; chronic poisoning: occasionally osteoprosls.
Iron oxide fumes
FeO,
Fe34 Solid
15 No significant toxic effects; siderosls (de
position of iron in the pulmonary tissue) occurs, but there is no increased sus ceptibility to tuberculosis or pulmonery fiLrotic disease.
Lead compounds
Solid
0.15
Loss of appetite; constipation; ab dominal cramps; pallor; anemia; anorexia; ir ritability .
A
VRD 0002026424
TCQCIC EFFECTS OF IMPORTANT INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS
Page 28
Substance
Formula
Usual
Physical State
Max. Allowable
Concn. mgj/cu.m.
Toxic Manifestations
Magnesium oxide fume
MgO
Solid
15 Metal fume fever (chills, fever, upper respira tory tract irri tation of short duration); irri tation to the eyes and nose.
Manganese and manganese compounds
Mercury and mercury compounds
Solid Liquid
6 Weakness; sleepi ness; difficulty in locomotion and muscular control; exaggeration of tendon reflexes; paresis of facial muscles; mental dullness; emo tional disturb ances.
0.1 Acute: abdominal pain, kidney damage, stoma titis, diarrhea, vomiting, loosen ing of the teeth; chronic: psychic and neurological disturbances, characterized by weakness, loss of memory, drowsi ness, tremor, neurasthenia, epistaxis, stoma titis, ocular lesion, cachexia.
Pentachlorophenol
CgCl^OH
Solid
0.5 Irritation of the mucous membranes of the eyes and
respiratory tract; contact derma titis with in flammation and tanning.
TOXIC EFFECTS OF IMPORTANT INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS
Page 29
Substance Phosphorus (yellow)
Formula P
Usual Physical
State
Solid
Max. Allowable
Concn.
Toxic Manifestations
0.1 Burning of the skin and mucous membrane, liver damage, and bone necrosis, fol lowing inflam mation of the periosteum, swelling of the gums, anemia and jaundice.
Phosphorus pentachloride
PCI 5
Solid
1 Irritation of the mucous membranes of the nose and
respiratory tract.
Phosphorus sesqulsulfide
Selenium compounds
v3
Solid Solid
10 Skin irritation.
0.1 Pallor; nasal and throat irri tation; garlicky odor of breath; metallic taste; nervousness; ga8trointestlnal disturbances.
Sulfuric acid
H2S04
Liquid
1.0 Irritation of th. skin and mucous membrane, ranging from Blight irrita
tion through necrosis, de pending on con centration and time of contact; severe damage of
the lungs; cor rosion of the
teeth.
n tn n ta ti
TOXIC EFFECTS OF IMPORTAMT INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS
Page 30
Substance Tellurium compounds
Formula -
Usual Physical
State
Solid
Max. Allowable
Concn.
BK./cu.m.
Toxic Manifestations
0.1 Garlicky odor of breath; gast rointe stina1 disturbances; central nervous system de pression.
Tet ry1 ( N-methy1N,2,l,6-tetranitroaniline)
(ho2)3c6h2h(ho2 )CH3 Solid
1.5 Contact derma titis; nasal ir
ritation; eplBtaxis;
staining of the
skin and hair.
2,h,6-Trinitrotoluene
CH3C6H2(MD2)3
Solid
1.5 Dermatitis; cyanosis; me themoglobin
formation; dyspnea; gastri tis; anemia; jaundice; liver damage; vaso motor changes; bone marrow de pression.
Zinc oxide fume
ZnD
Solid
15 Fever, chills; muscular pain; nausea of short
duration.
VRD 0 0 0 2 6 4 2 7
Cs ss
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