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INTERNAL CORRESPONDENCE UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION *CBiyujp FEB i 8 !n--i monnrwtf ad 1to0 v oorr,./U/in-. HANBjnv CT a6S*7 To fN"ne] Location A'-'ea Ms. Martha Friar Lav Department Danbury E3-287 feeler *AhPC> 511 February 12,1985 ;mg Oapt Insurance Department Danbury - BA-155 NICOLINA SIRECI VS. CHEMCO, INC., ET AL Dear Martha: In accordance vlch our recent telephone conversation and In response to Mr. Wheeler's letter of January 16, 1985, listed below are the various UCC liability carriers for the period 1950 through 1981: Aetna Casualty - 1950 Through April 10, 1970 Various Policy Numbers. American Motorists Insurance Company (Kemper) April 10, 1970 through 1981 Policy #0ZM 578 A50 American Motorists Insurance Company February 1, 1977 through January 1, 1982 Umbrella Policy #0SB 010 120 If you have any questions regarding the above, please do not hesitate to contact us. Very trujy yours / EDDeLoughy:emd ucc 044695 UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION old riogebury road, qaimsury. ct obbi t Corporate Health, Safety and Environmental Affairs Department March 25, 1985 James V. O'Gara III, Esq. Kelley, Drye $ Warren 101 Park Avenue Mew York, New York 10178 Re: Slrecl vs. Chemco, Inc., et al Rohm and Haas "Kydex" Dear Mr. O'Gara: Mr. Edwin H. Knauer's letter to you dated March 12, 1985, containing a general description of Rohm and Haas' manufacturing process. Is adequate to technically demonstrate to me that use of "Kydex" by Elm Coated Fabrics would not expose Its employees to enough vinyl chloride monomer to seriously affect their health. On consulting the plaintiff's complaint, however, the claim Is that polyvinyl chloride Is a carcinogen. "Kydex'1 admittedly contains polyvinyl chloride, thus Rohm and Haas Is not home free yet. One thing that disturbs me Is that probably all the other defendants, except Union Carbide, could be excused by the same general approach, l.e., they supplied no PVC containing vinyl chloride monomer. This would leave UCC liable for the whole claim. For your Information, I am attaching a portion of a study done by NIOSH, the whole of which was never published. This was provided by James Jones as a favor with the understanding that a final report would someday be published. The Plant M described could be similar to Elm Coated Fabrics. The most disturbing part Is that this plant employed 325 people with a total worker role for 25 years of operation, possibly 1100 people (turnover 51 per year). One In four will get cancer from natural causes and If 10% of the cancer cases sue UCC, we are looking at 27 additional claims down the road. I worry a lot but I'd feel better If we knew who else sold PVC to Elm Coated Fabrics over the years. Very truly yours Attachment cc: Mr. L. A. Crlsorlo Mr. R. Horowitz, Esq 0292G R. N. Wheeler, Jr UCC 0^4098 WORKER EXPOSURE TO VINYL CHLORIDE DURING PRODUCTION AMD FABRICATION OF VINYL CHLORIDE AND POLYVINYL CHLORIDE DRAFT James H. Jones W.L. with contributions by Barnhart, C.R. Toney, and J.B. The Bendix Corooration Launch Support Division Cocoa Beach, Florida Devlin NIOSH Contract CDC-SW1^'.# U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare Public Health Service Center for Disease Control National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies Cincinnati, Ohio v)CC 0446^ The company was constantly revising its production procedures and equipment to take advantage of methods to increase production, lower operating costs, and increase the overall safety of its employees. The main changes that were made to the compounding operations were the changes in the mixing of compound ingredients in two-roll mills to.Banbury mixers and then to ribbon-type blenders. A cafeteria and designated smoking, drinking and eating areas had been provided for the employees. Respirators were not worn in the blender areas. Figure A-5 shows a flow schematic of the processes used by Plant L to manufacture PVC products. Plant M This facility converted PVC resins and other compounding ingredients into calendered film and vinyl-coated supported and unsupported fabrics that were sold to a number of industries. The company had been manufacturing products since 1947. The plant normally operated 24 hours per day, S to 6 days a week. All manufacturing operations were performed indoors except the offloading of resin from bulk resin trucks to ground level storage silos. Resin from the silos was transferred by an airveyor system to a gravity supply hopper located on the roof of the plant. The plant employed 325 people; however, only 50 workers were considered to be exposed to VC in their manufacturing operations. The following processes were used by this company to make their PVC products lines: -bonding, in the lamination of two sheets of vinyl; -calendering, in the high-speed conversion of a rope of PVC compound into continuous film or sheet stock of controlled width and thickness; -compounding, in the mixing of PVC resins with plasticizers, stabilizers, fillers, lubricants, and other additives in ribbon-type blenders, and the conversion of the powdered blend into a plastic mass in Banbury mixers (color pigments and granulated trim stock and scrap are added in the Banbury mixers); -extrusion, in the processing of the Banbury charge through a screen and extruder head to form a rope of PVC compound that is fed to a calender; -foam making, in the expansion of cast plastisol film in a blowing/curing oven; -plastisol making, in the compounding of plastisol mixtures used in the film casting line; and thermoforming, in the embossing of designs into PVC film and sheeting. The embossing operation was performed on the calendering lines and the cast film line. The plant used roof-mounted ventilation fans, exhaust hoods, and ducts to supply fresh air and remove fumes and dust-laden atmospheres. The vented exhausts were passed through an electrostatic precipitator to remove en trained solids prior to venting to the atmosphere. The solids collected in the precipitator were burned as a fuel. Changes had recently been uoc 044698 (l I t 9 itnppcr 044699 O - - -- ^* - Figure A-6 Flow Schematic, Ca^t Film Production, Plant made to the ventilation system to reduce VC concentrations within the plant wore: a 30-horsepower, roof-mounted exhaust fan and duct system were installed on each of the blenders to prevent the excursion of dry-blend compounds into the plant air; shrouded hoods were installed on the mills to reduce emissions; and conveyors to the mills were enclosed. A proposal was in the design stage to enclose the Banbury mixers with a duct system similar to the systems installed on the ribbon blenders. The company had an active safety program and had recently initiated an area and personal sampling program using the carbon tube method and personal sampling pumps. The analyses of the carbon tubes were performed by an independent laboratory. The employees were informed of safety and health problems through bulletin boards and safety meetings. All employees entering work areas where higher-than-permissible levels of VC had been found or were possible were required to sign a form that listed the specific work area entered, and the time the area was entered and exited. Chemical cartridge type respirators were worn by the employees when working in dusty areas or when higher-than-permissible levels of VC were suspected. A surveillance program for VC was initiated in November 1974. The results of the survey indicated a VC concentration range of 0.1 to 30.81 ppm based on area sampling over a 4-month period. Eating, drinking, and smoking were restricted to specified areas or enclosed office areas. Figure A-6 shows a flow schematic of the cast film production line for Plant M. Figure A-7 shows a flow schematic of the calendered film lines for Plant -M. UCC 044700 ucc Figure a-7 Flow Schematic'. Calendered Film Production, Plant Job Calender Personnel Compounding Personnel Table c-58. Summary of Personal Sampling for Vinyl Chloride at Plant M. No, of Samples Range (p pm) Low High $ Samples Not Detectable Art thmetric Mean Std. Err. (ppm) (ppm) Geometric Mean Std, (ppm) Dev.v I 0.02 0 95% Confidence limits (from Geo. Mean 0 Std. Dev.) ppm Lower Upper 11 <0.01 0.02 82 0.01 4 1 S # 04470 ; r+ Table C-59- Results of Personal Sampling for Vinyl Chloride at Plant Mt Aoril 1975- Job Title Oate Calender Operator 4/9/75 Sample Time Shift Man (min.) 1 180 180 Banbury Operator 4/9/75 4/10/75 1 1 180 180 180 182 Blender Operator 4/9/75 4/10/75 Color Weighman 4/9/75 Feed Mil) Oper. 4/10/75 1 1 1 1 180 l8o 186 174 l8o l8o -f 195 167 Mill Operator 4/9/75 1 180 180 Mix Mill Operator 4/10/75 1 196 164 Plastisol Blender 4/10/75 l A 185 175 V.C. Cone. (ppm) 0.02 0.02 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.01 0.01 <0.01 0.02 0.02 8-hour TWA Cone. (ppm) 0.02 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.02 O ZW ?o Table C-59 (con'd) Job Title Date Sample Time Shift Han (min.) Plastisol Blender V10/75 1 B 184 176 Tower Worker 4/9/75 I 180 191 V.C. Cone. (ppm) 0.02 0.02 <0.01 <0.01 8-hour TWA Cone. (ppm) 0.02 <0.01 044704 Table C-60. Results of Area Sampling for Total Oust at Plant M, April 1975. Area Date Banbury Mixer Area Blender Area Calender Area Cast Fi1m Area Mi 11 Area Mixing Area Plastisol Mixing Room 4/9/75 4/9/75 4/10/75 4/10/75 4/9/75 4/10/75 4/10/75 Shift 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 Sample Time (min.) 15 15 15 15 15 19 , 28 Total Dust Cone. (mg/m^) 13 1.7 6.7 7.3 6.7 6.7 7.9 KELLEY DRYE & WARREN tagbart d.adamb BCN I.HARAOUCHI TRACY B- AMBLER WILLIAM C. HECK OAvlO C. BARRY MARTIN 0. MEYERT NCD H.BaSSEN BUD DEO.HOLMAN ROBERT 0. BICKFORD, JR- e.WILLIAM BLIND J.OUINCY HUNllCuER.SRD MICHAEL B. INBEL LEONARO A- BLUE WILLIAM A. KROHLCY RICHARD W, BRADY JOHN J. LYNAON RAUL R. BRENNER RAUL L. BRESSAN GEORGSJ.MARCHESE LCLAND J. markley RICHARD O.BRODRICR JOHN PATRICK MARSHALL JOHN M. CALLAOY SCOTT 0 CAMPBELL JUN MORI* JOSERH 4.MUTO* RICHARD S.CHAROAR DAVID R.CHIRMAN BRIAN CHRlBTALOl FREDERIC 1, NATHAN CHARLES OCCHLSR HENRY Y, OTA* RICHARD J. CQNCANNON JEFFREY S.COOK JOHN J. COSTELLO THEODORE PEARSON ALTON C- PETERS EDWARO ROBERTS, III SAMUEL B. CROSS ROBERT c. CROTTY TERRANCE W. SCHWAB FREDERICK T, SHEA EUCtNC T D'aBlEMONT JOHN W SIMPSON* H. THOMAS DAVIS,-JR. RAUL F. DOYLE W. CHRISTIAN OREWES ROBERT CHRENBARO B HARRISON FRANKCL FRANCIS Y. SOOI MERRILL B-STQNf HOWARD S.TUTHILL Ml DAVID L. VAUGHAN ALBERT J, WALKER JOHN A. GARRATY, JR JOHN F. GIBBONS RAUL C. QUTM CHAUNCEV L. WALKER LOUIS B. WARREN SHIQERU WATANABE* ROBERT L. HAIO C. LIBK WYCKOFF, JR, HARVEY FOLKS ZINAND WALTER E. SEER, JR. gCORGC a. BURRELL,R. C. WILLIAM C SORT* JOSEPH W 0PAKE,JR. THOMAS S. GILCHRIST, JR. NEIL T. PROTO* ALFRED W. ROBERTS GEORGE SIEGEL COUNSEL *NOT ADMITTED IN NEW YORK 101 PARK AVENUE NEW YORK, N* Y. 10178 (BIB) Q-7fOO CABLE "LAWYERLY'" TELEX IB4BB TELECOPIER (SlB) GOG-7BB* (BIB) BOG-7GSB WRITER'S DIRECT LINE (,*) o- 7711 March 18, 1985 Mr. R. N. Wheeler, Esq. Union Carbide Corporation p. O. Box 8361 South Charleston, West Virginia 25303 BBS SOUTH ORANO AVENUE LOB ANOCLEB, CA BOOlF (BIS) SSB-ISOO TELECOPIER (US) BO CALIFORNIA STREET BAM FRANCISCO, CA *4(11 (AlB) DRB-SBS ONE LANDMARK SOWARS STAMFORD, CT. OSS0I (BOS) >*4-1400 TELECOPIER (BOS) JB7-BGGG SO MAIN STREET DANBURY, CT. OBBiO (BOS) ?4S*7IQ ISSS NEW HAMPSHIRE AVC..N.W WASHINGTON, C. BOOSG (BOS)4GS-GSSS TELECOPIER (BOS) 4GS-GSSG SOUTHEAST FINANCIAL CENTER SOO SOUTH BISCATNE BOULCVARQ MIAMI, FL, SSlSl-SSGG (SOS) S7B-OOSO TELECOPIER (SOB) JBG-SIGG 17S SOUTH STREET MORRISTOWN. M. J. OTBGO (SOI) SG7-4B4R AFFILIATED OFFICE! HABMIOATE LAW OFFICE IMPERIAL TOWER l-l, UCHISAIWAICHO UCHOMC, CHIVODA-KU TOKYO IOO. JAPAN Re; Sireci v. Union Carbide Corporation Dear Mr. Wheeler: As we discussed some time ago, I requested counsel for Rohm and Haas to supply information with respect to the manufacturing process used to manufacture Kydex. I am enclosing a copy of a letter I recently received responding to this inquiry. Please let me know if the manufacturing process described constitutes a mixture or polymerization process. Thank you for your cooperation an assistance in this matter. Best regards. Sincerely yours. jV0:mlc Enclosure 4- s V. O'Gara uec 044706 MORRIS & DUFFY ATTORNEYS AT LAW 233 BROADWAY-SUITE 1800 NEW YORK, N Y. 10279-0130 AREA CODE 212 - 766-1888 March 12, 1985 James V. O'Gara, 111, Esq. Kelley, Drye & Warren, Esqs. 101 Park Avenue New York, New York 10178 Re: Sireel v. Chemco, Inc, et al Dear Mr-; O'Gara: At our recent meeting you requested that we advise you as to whether "Kydex", the one polyvinyl chloride product made by Rohm and Haas was manufactured using a mixture or polymerization process. We have inquired of our client in this regard. The manufacturing process can be described as follows: Dry powders (PVC, acrylic and miscellaneous other ingredients) are blended and fed to an extruder. The extruder heats the blended material and extrudes a solid sheet of material. Rohm and Haas Company does this blending and extruding and sells Kydex as sheet material. We trust that this satisfies your inquiry. We would now hope that your client will promptly consent to a discontinuance against Rohm and Haas. Please let me hear from you in this regard by March 22nd. Very truly yours, <5LAlt~ EHK/ms EDWIN H. KNAUER ucc 044707 RECEIVED APR 11985 UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION P. 0. BOX BSei^SOUTH^fe^ 'ON, WV Health, Safety & Environmental Affaire Department 25303 March 15, 1985 James V. O'Gara Esq Kelly, Drye and Warren 100 Park Avenue New York, New York 10178 RE: Nicolina Sireci vs Union Carbide Corporation Dear Mr. O'Gara: In addition to the toxicity studies on di 2ethyl hexyladipate (NIH 81-1768) and on di 2ethyl hexyl phthalate (NIH 82-1773) I gave you by telephone the attached group of references from MEDLINE and TOXLINE may be of value. hml v vnurfl attachments R. N. Wheeler, Jr. ucc 044708 00016924 PVC PMC C7 IS - 0033-8419 AB - CBAC COPYRKHTi CHEN ABB VIsual1cat 1 on of superficial structures with conventional nApid scanners It diMleult. A solid flexible PVC (9002-8^21 gelatin sl8 giuTat a stand-off material can prowida b coptft. lean distaneAa^^thus overcome the problem of poor naar VWld resoln. PVC geldftn expand* tha capability of tha SyArfftia tramducar to d^tlwate superficial structure*. Jhg^aieeiiVed value* for atjdnuat1o>V*r displayed by laait *q. fltTina* at'tO^AO. degree. .^At ZOO.degr1**. tt attenuate* .apprx.2.0 dB/cm at 1 mHt. Tha velocity at 20.degree, it 1040 m/s for PVC gelatin. RN - 9002-84-2 EM - 8411 _________ ____ _ " - ~' TOxaiB/82/180897 Chan OY ; Tan KT t Kwok SF ! Chio LF Industrial Health 0ivii1on> Hinistry of Labour. Study on worker* expoitd to cadmium In alkaline ttoraga battery manufacturing and PVC Compounding. Ann Acad Had Singapore! VOL 11. ISS 1. 1982. P122-9 Eng AAHSC 0304-4602 The extant of cadmium exposure wet etudled in a cadmium-nickel battery factory and 8 PVC factorial using catoium ttabilisers in the compounding of PVC. A total of 101 cadmiim-exposed worker* and 21 control subjects matched by tax. age. ethnic group and smoking history was investigated. Blood and trine cadmium levels were considerably elevated in the battery worker* but ware not raised in the PVC worker*. These findings were consistent with the results of eadmium-in-air assessments. Among the female battery workers, urine cadmium excretion increased significantly with employment time, there was good correlation batween blood and urine cadmium levels among the female subjects. A significant association between blood cadmium level* and prevalence of chest pain was also noted among the female*. Ho low molecular weight proteinuria was detected, but two female battery worker* had slight albumimria and one male PVC worker had glucosuria but had abnormal STT results. TOXBIB ! Air Pollutant* aANALYSIS Air Pollutant*. Occupational SANALYSIS Cadmium Poisoning OCCURRENCE ! Cadmium BLOOO/eHETABOLISH/URINE Female ! Human ; Hale ! Occupational Diseases OCCURRENCE Polyvinyl Chloride Singapore 7440-43-9! 9002-86-2 0207 " ; F ucc 044709 * 00016966 PVC PAGE *7 95 SI - CI5/6V00732 CC - 130 AU - Gtusscz H TI Chronic vinyl chloric poisoning In workers engaged In the production of polyvinyl chlerldo using tho suspension method 11967-19771 i SO - Studio I materiafy monografiesne 1M2, No.St p.61-10t. Ulus. 62 ref. / PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE . / LA - Pol \/ AB Literatis-e survey Is followed bv'the results of a 10-yeer study of 330 workers at risk In Ifellih polymerisation plants* description of the conditions'of exposure} composition of the population studied; scope ofVhe study and methods used (medical examinations, radiographic* oX extremities, ECG> laboratory tests); discussion of results Vclinleal picture, morbidity, prognosis); conclusions (there fs a relation between the degree of acroosteolysis and of pseudosclarotie changes combined with Raynaud's phenomenon on the one hand^and the degree of liver damage on the other). KH - VINfL CHLORIDE > CHRONIC POISONING t PLASTICS lMHSTRT KM - SUSPENSION POLYMERISATION i LITERATURE SURVEY KN - OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SURVEY ; POLAND ; MORBIDITY t ACROOSTEOLYSIS KH - LONG-TERM STUOY } HEPATIC DAMAGE * ILO RN 75-01-6 } 900E-86-E EM - S611 ___________________________________ . . 96 SI - TOX8IB/66/210614 AU - Canning AE i Brunk U i Dallner G AD - Department of B1oehem1stry> Arrhenius Laboratory, University of Stockholm, Sweden. TI - f^thalate esters and their effect on the liver. SO - Hepatology; VOL 6, 1SS 3, 1986, P561-7 (REF: 35) LA - Eng CD - 6BZ IS - 0270-9139 AB - The advantageous properties of polyvinyl chloride plastics make these materials indispensable at all levels of human life, and there is no reason to believe that the upward trend of their use will change. One third of moat polyvinyl chlortde plastics consists of plasticizers, mostly phthalate esters, which may migrate out contaminating our environment and consequently ois* bodies. Experimental results indicate that chronic exposure to phthalic esters may be responsible for a number of adverse health effects. Phthalate* change the structure and function of the liver in a profound manner by inducing peroxisomes, mitochondria and enzymes which participate in fatty acid transport and beta-oxidation. Prolonged administration of phthalate esters, in doses comparable to those occurring in human exposures, seems to have an accumulative effect on the liver. Liver biopsies taken from dialysis patients show peroxisome proliferation whieh again warn of the possibility that human health may be influenced by uec 04471 00016949 PVC PAGE 46 plasticizers. KM - TOXBXB i Equipment and Supplies KM - Fatty Acid D*saTurti METABOLISM > Hemodialysis t Hunan KM Intestines METABOLISM i Kidney METABOLISM *, Upidt METABOLISM KM - Llvar DRU6 EFFECTS/METABOLISM/ULTRASTRUCTURE i Lung METABOLISM KM - Microscopy. Electron ; Phthalic Acids TOXICITY KM Plasticizers aTOXlCITT t Polyvinyl Chloride TOXICITY KM - Proteins METABOLISM Review i Support. Non-U.S. 6ov`t KM - Tine Factors > Tissue Distribution RM - 84-75-31 900E-64-E EM - 6406 97 SI - CIS/61/01757 CC - 230 AU - Goldfarb AS } Soldgraben OR 1 Herrick EC Ouellette RP AU - Cheremisinoff PM TI - o-gonic chemicals manufacturing hazards 50 - The Butteruorth troup. Borough 6reen> Sevenoaks. Kent. TN13 6PH. United Kingdom.1961. 430p. Illus. Bibl. PT - MONOGRAPH LA - Eng AB - This bookprovidesindustry background information, descriptions of manufacturing processes. an identification of distances present in the process streams and ^discussion of the flammability and toxicity hazards adsociated with those substances and the processes. It y\ intended for use by chemical manufacturers, engineers end consultants. industrial ehemists. industrial hygienists, environmentalists and pollution control engineers. Sections cover' acetic acid by methanol earbonylation; acetaldehyde by liquid-phase)wthylene oxidation; esterification process for acrylic acid esters production, condensation process for DL-methionine production, tetraalkyl lead by lead alkylation, oxyehlorinatlon and pyrolysis processes for vinyl chloride production; polymeriset/on processes for polyvinyl chloride; chlorophenols by ehloration of phetal. vinyl acetate by hydroeeetylatfon. / \ KM - CHEMICAL PRODUCTS ;/CHEMICAL IW>USTR\ ; HAZARD EVALUATION KM - TOTAL LOSS CONTROL l MANUALS ; ACRYLATES i CHLOROPHENOLS KM - CHEMICAL PROCESSES . ILO \ RN - 514-10-3 ; 75-07-0 t 79-10-7 } 7005-16^7 t 75-01-4 ; 9002-66-t RN - 106-05-4 . 76-00-2 EM - 6411 96 SI - CIS/84/00326 CC - 070 / AU - tons 'ale* Fem'endez A / TI - Study of membrane ftltto-s sultable/Yor use in the tflE dust sampler SO - Medicine y seguridad de\ trabajo /Jan.-Mar. 1962. Vol.3Q. No.117. p.12-16. Illus. 11 ref.A / PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE \/ LA - Spa \ AB In the framework of studfes\on dust collecting equipment to be approved for use in mines byVthe General Directorate of Mines in ucc 044711 00017061 PVC PACE 23 MM Pfuii(an S.F.3.R. ( Vinyl Chlor 1 de/"adverse effects MM Vinyl Compounds/eadversa effects 0A 030011 DP 1903 Apr IS 0016-9919 TA 61g Tr Prof Zabol UI 03235669 PG 30-2 ZN Zl.252.070 S Zl.562.260.95/i'tl.950 EA A IP 6 0 raiprpatranannpatl slokachestvefaykh novoobresovannl "1 sredl rabochikhi sanlatykh protsvodstvikh vlnilkhlorida I pollwlnllkhloride. JC F69 RN 75-01-6 (Vinyl CMor Ida) ( 9002-06-2 (Polyvinyl Chlor 1 da EM 0310 SO 6ig Tr Prof Zabol 1903 Apr((61 >30-2 31 AU TI m m m MH DA OP IS A r I ZN RF VI JC AA RM EM AB SO Flshbaln L Toxicity of the components of poly(vlnylchlorlde) polymers addltlvoa. Eng Animal i Chemical Industry t Flame Retardanta/toxlelty Free Radicals i Heat i Human ; Mice i Plastteixers/toxtelty Plo*t1es/*toxlc1ty ; Polyv1nyl Chloride i "Polyvinyls Rats Rev1aw 060530 1906 0361-7762 Prog Clin Biol Rea 06196192 113-36 H Zl.107.567.075 120 161 PZ3 Author 9002-06-2 (Polyvinyl Chloride) 0600 The salient features of the toxicity of a nuaber of additives used In polyvinyl chloride polymers were reviewed with primary emphasis on the toxicity of plasticisers (e.g.! dlethylhexyl phthalete and Its metabolites! butylbensylphthalate and di(2-athylhaxylladlpate> heat stabilisers (e.g.i organotln and lead stabilisers)! blowing agents (e.g.! asodlcarbonamide)i free-radical Initiators (e.g.! bensoylperoxldet lauroyl peroxide! ter.butylhydroperoxide and dl-tert.butylperoxidai and flame retardants (e.g.! decabromodlphenyl oxide). The peuelty of toxicity data on the vast major!ty of PVC additives should be stressed. - Prog Clin Biol Res 1906;161:113-36 IJCC 044712 00017064 pvc PACE *4 3 AU T1 DA OP IS TA UX PS SB ZN IP VI JC AA RN EH AB SO Fitch CM t Korones 38 Heat shield raduea* water lots. Eng Body Temperature ( Haatlng I Hunan t "Incubators., Infant t Infant Infant* Nauborn { "Infant* Premature i Polyvln/1 Chlorlda "Hater Loss* Insantibla 641105 1064 Sap 0003-9666 Arch Ola Child 65021537 666-6 A ;H Zl.542.363.300 9 59 6X6 Author 9002-66-2 tPolyvinyl. 6501 A haat ahlald eoydrad by polyvinyl chlorlda fI la greatly reducad Insensible water loss and radiant anargy requirements In 12 prataria Infanta on a radiant eradla. haaaurad transmittance of radiant anargy emitted by tha radiant haatar was Impeded minimally by various thin film plaatlca but uaa blocked algnlficantly by Perspex. Arch Dla Child 1964 Sap;59(9>:666-6 33 AU TI LA MH DA \ DP IS ,>7A ,T<* \ P SB V ZN IP RF VI JC AA RN - Canning AE t Brirtk U I Da liner 6 - Phthalata aatera and thafr affect on the liver. - Eng - Equipment and Supplies Fatty Acid Dasaturases/metabollsm - Hemodialysis * Human > Intasttnas/metaboltsm ; Ktdnay/mataboltan - Lipida/matabollam ; Llvar/*drug effects/mataboHsm/ultrastrueture - Lung/matabolI am ; Microscopy. Electron { fttthalfe Acids/toxfctty - Plasticizers/atoxlcfty * Polyvinyl Chlorida/toxlclty - Protaina/matabollam i Review ; Support* Non-U.S. Sov't - Tima Factors Tissue Distribution - 640713 - 1964 Mev-Jw - 0270-9139 - Hepatology - 64210416 - 541-7 -M - Zl.107.567.675 -3 - 35 -4 - 68Z - Author - EC 1.14.99.- (Fatty Acid Basaturasaal b 00017045 PVC PACE RN - EC 1.3.90.3 (acyl-CoA dehydrogenase) RN - 04-75-J (di-n-hexyl phthalate) ; 900E-84-E (Polyvinyl Chloride) EM - 8409 AB - The advantageous properties of polyvinyl chloride plastics make these Materials Indispensable at all levels of hunan life, and there is no reason to believe that the upward trend of their use will change. One third of nost polyvinyl chloride plasties consists of plasticizers. mostly phthalate esters, which nay migrate out contaminating our environment and consequently ew bodies. Experimental results indicate that chronic exposure to phthalic esters may be responsible for a number of adverse health effeets. Phthalates change the structure and function of the liver in a profound manner by inducing peroxisomes, mitochondria and enzymes which participate In fatty acid transport and beta-oxidation. ft*olonged administration of phthalate asters. In doses comparable to those occurring in human exposures, seems to have an accumulative effect on the liver. Liver biopsies taken from dialysis patients show peroxisome proliferation which again warn gf the possibility that human health may be Influenced by plasticisers. SO - Hepatology 1984 Hay-Juml4(3M541-7 34 AU TI U HH f*i MH MH 0A OP IS TA 01 PS SB ZH IP VI JC AA RN RN RN EM AB Garcia LS ; Shimizu RV Brewer TC > Bruckner DA Evaluation of intestinal parasite morphology in polyvinyl alcohol prsservative: comparison of copper sulfate and mpfeurlc chloride bases for use in Sefiaudirm fixative. Eng Comparative Study !^Copper/apharmaeodynamIcs A Evaluation Studies Fecei/mierobiology i\Fixat1ves/apharmeeodynaaics f Human Mercury/apharmacodynaniics Polyvinyl Alcohol/epharmacodynamies "Preservation. Biological > A*otozoa/*drugreffects 830909 1983 Jun 0095-1137 J Clin Microbiol 81X4*091 1091-3 M Zl.107.547.875 4 17 HSH Author 0 (Scheudlrm's fixative). 7439-97-4 (Mercury) 7440-50-8 (Copper) i 74 7-94-7 (mercuric chloride) 7758-98-7 (copper sulf^ i) > 900t\89-5 (Polyvinyl Aleohel> 8311 As a result of disposal problems inherent in the use of mercury compounds, many lebtt-atorlei have canstdared using copper sulfate as a substitute for mercuric chloride'in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) preservative. The primary use for PVA-preaerved specimens is the permanent stained smear, the most Important technique for the identification of intestinal protozoa. A comparison of organism uce 044714 9 I 00016944 PVC PACE 40 Spain, 4 typa* of membrane filters suited to tha Hines Research Establishment IMRE) dust collactor were investigated (cellulose nitrata, glaaa ftbra, PVC, polyamide, gelatin, algtnata). Aapacta discussed ara tha effects of humidity, tha possibility of dust analysis an tha siambrane Itaalf, and resistance to airflow. In all thaao studies, membranes of polyvinyl chloride or glaaa ftbra gave tha boat rasulta, MEMBRANE FILTERS i RESPIRABLE DUST ) MININS INDUSTRY FILTRATION SAMPLIN6 ; OUST MEASUREMENT ; SPAIN I COMPARATIVE STUDY INFRARED SPECTROPHOTOMETRY ) DUST ANALYSIS I ILO 4411 . 90 SI - CIS/64/00441 CC - 120 AU - Grosso P ) Mason PL t Cameron MM t Sharratt N TI - Tissue reaction to tha Intrapleural Injection of polyvinyl chloride powder, -quart* and titanium dioxide SO - Annals of Occupational Hyglane 1965, Vol.E7, No.4, p.415-425. Ulus. 23 ref. PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE LA - Eng AB - Intrapleural Injections of polyvinyl chloride (PVCI powder, -quart* (known To be highly fibrogenie) and tltantua dioxide (Known to be biologically inert) were adalnisterad to rats. Reaction to PVC powder was vary similar to the reaction to titaniua d1 ox1de/aacrcphage accumulation with vary little fibrosis. Reaction to quarts was, as expected, strong consisting of the development of fibrous tissue. The conclusion is that PVC powder inhalation would not lead To silicosis-lika diseases. KM - POLYVINYL CHLORIDE S RESPIRABLE DUST i FIBR0BENIC EFFECTS KM - ANIMAL EXPERIMENTS i LUNG i COMPARATIVE STUDY KM - CONNECTIVE TISSUE DEVELOPMENT ) ILO RN - 9002-44-2 ; 7431-44-9 t 13463-67-7 EM -4411 _ , ,, . - --, ^ Ofl/& */t'nC &- 104 SI - HEEP/44/49353 AU - GRASSO P I MASON PL i CAMERON MM i SHARRATT M AD - Group Oceup. Health Cent., British Petroleum Co. PLC, Chartsey Road, Suibury-on-Thanes, Middlesex TH16 7IN, u.K. TX - Tissue reaction to tha intrapleural injection of polyvinyl chloride powder, alpha-quarts and tltanlum dioxide. SO - AIM OCCUR HTGJ 27 14). 1943 IRECD. 1944). 415-424. LA - ENG CD - A0HYA AB - HEEP COPYRIGHT! BIOL ABS. A comparative study was conducted to assess the potency of 3 Industrial dusts, PVC (polyvinyl chloride), alpha-quarts and TiOE, In producing fibrosis at the site of deposition when administered To raTs by the intrapleural vd l.p. routes. PVC and TI02 produced little reaction) this consisted mainly of macrophage accumulation with little fibrosis whieh reached a peak 1 kdt after treatment and showed no evidence of firther progress. alpha-Ouarta produced a severe reaction ucc 04471! w 04017246 PMC 106 VC 216 SI AU AU AO TI SO U CO IS AS V KW KM KU KU EH 215 31 CC AU TI SO PT LA AB T0XBIB/66/UQ666 Pastorino U { Berrlno P I Gerveslo A t Pescntl V t Rtbolt E Croi i gnanl P OCD Department of National Caneor Institute, Hilary Italy. Proportion of lung cancers duo to occupational expotiro. Int J Cantor; VOL 11, 135 2, 1956, Ptll-7 Eng IJCNA 0020-7136 The proportion* of male lung cancer* duo to occupational expoiuro and, respect!vely, to cigarette smoking In a highly industrialised area of Northern Italy wore estimated In a population-based case-control study In 1976-9. Tuo hundred and four out of the 211 lung cancer eases and 351 controls sampled from the source population were questioned about their occupational and smoking histories. the basis of the occupational history each subject was classified as probably exposed (+)> possibly exposed !?), or unexposed C-> to one or more of the chemical* known to be carcinogenic for the human lung, namely asbestos, polycyelie aromatic hydrocarbons, arsenic, nickel and chromium compounds, DOME CfPtE and vinyl chloride. Upon stratification by cigarette smoking, contrasting the occupationally exposed subjects, whether certainly or uncertainly defined, with the unexposed ones, the RR for lung cancer was 2.1 and the occupational etiologic fraction was 0.33 (95% confidence interval 0.19-0.67). The tobaceo etiologic fraction was 0.51, while the tuo exposure* together accounted for 69Z of the total burden of incident case*. If 333f of all male lung cancers were of occupational aetiology, then this alone would represent 5% of all cancer deaths. TOXBIB ; Aged > Air Pollutants, Occupational ; Female i Hunan Italy ) Lung Neoplasms ETIOLOGY/sOCCURRENCE i Hale *, Middle Age Occupational Oiseetes ETIOLOGT/sOCCURRENCE l Smoking ", Statistics Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution 6606 CIS/66/00635 130 Peam JH Teratogen* and the male - An analysts with special reference to herbicide exposure Nodical Journal of Agstralfa/t9 July 1963, Vol.2, Ho.l, p.16-20. 66 ref. JOURNAL ARTICLE Eng there are 3 mechanisms fly/which exposure of the male to toxic substance* say causa poori\r*produet1v* performance or congenital malformations in his offspring* a direct affect on pituitary-hypothalamic funerlon or mala sex hormones: a direct effect on the sperm itself) abnormalities in seminal fluid with secondary abnormalities due to dissolved toxins. Experimental studies with 7 drugs and 5 groups of toxic chemicals are ucc 044716 0001700S PVC PAGE 108 independent risk factor contributing to IHO development. RN * 9002-66-2 EH - 6307 too SI [701416 cc - no AU - Richards RJ t Rooo FA t Totloy TO ; Cobb U1 t Hardy CJ TI - Effects In the rat of Inhaling PVC duat at tha nutaanea duat laval (10mg/m<3)>. SO - Archives Of Environmental Health Jan.-Fab. 1961, Vol.36, Ho.li p.10-10. Illua. 13 raf. JOURNAL ARTICLE u - Eng A mall number of aeattarad lung loalona uere detaetod In rata after 15 weeks exposure to polyvinyl chloride (PVC) duat at a concentration of 10mg/m(J) for fch/dey and 5 days/ueek. The leiiona remained 15 ueaka after expoaure to PVC duat had ceaaad. Feu biochemical change* were detected at tha alveolar aurfaca In lung tlaaua or (n other organa in PVC-expoaed rata. At the nuisance duat level PVC exhibits only ueak biological activity. KH - POLYVINTL CHLORIDE t BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS t BIOCHEHISTRY OF THE LUNG KM - RESPIRABLE DUST i RUSTICS IWUSTRY ( ANIMAL EXPERIMENTS KH - BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS i ILO RN - 0002-66-t EH - 8411 _________ 210 SI - NTIS/PB64-1<047 AU - Roberta DR AO - National Inst, for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, ON. Div. of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studiea. Tl - NIOSH-EPA (National Inst, for Occupational Safety and HealthXEnvironmental Protection Agency) Interageney Agreement for the Assessment of Human Health Effects from Expoaure to Di-2-(Ethylhexyl) Phthalate (Summary Report), SO - Govt Reports Announcements 6 Index (GRAAI), Issue 15, 1964 00 - NTIS/PB84-162047, 17p PR - NTIS Price*: PC A02/HF A01 AB - TDj: A suitable worker population was sought to conduct a retrospective cohort mortality study for occupational exposure to di-2-(ethylhexy1)phthalate (117617) (DEHP). Companies uere contacted regarding annual DEHP consumption or production, types of processes for which DEHP was used, the aiae of the potentially exposed workforce, and tha length of time DEHP had been used. The Society of the Plasties Industry (SPI) stated that the major use of DEHP was as a plasticiser in polyvinyl-chloride (0002862) (PVC) products. The highest potential source of worker exposures was during the formulating and compounding of The plastic resin. Surveys were then conducted of a plastics manufacturer, a PVC plastic sheet processing facility, and two aerosol filter testing facilities. Field monitoring was conducted of worker exposures to DEHP. The authors conclude that tha populations exposed to DEHP uere too small and not employed long enough to offer a suitable study cohort. Field monitoring showed worker exposures of less ucc 0*44717 I 00017015 PVC MCE 11C 227 St - TOXB18/83/200908 All - Smith TJ I Cafarella JJ I Chelton C S Cri Hay S AO - Department of Envtronaantal Sciences. tid >ard School of Public Health. So*ton. HA. \/ TI - Evaluation of aml**lonm from simulates commercial meat wrapping oparatlon* using PVC wrap. \y SO - Am Ind Hyg Assoc J; VOL 00. 1SS MIMS. P176-8J U - Eng /\ CO - AIHAA /\ IS - 0002-8899 /\ KM - TOXBIB i Aerosols I Air Bdllutants "TOXICITY KM - Air Pollutants. Ocemajfonal T0XICITY ; Hast t Human KM - Meat-Packing Induitpy i Polyvinyl Chloride *T0XlCITt KU - Polyvinyls "TOXICITY l Support. Non-U.S. Sov't KM - Support. U.3. Gov't, P.H.S. RN - 9002-80-1 IB---------------------------------------------------- ------------------------- XBI8/84/073858 utar CA S Gould S stltute of Occupational Medicine. Edinburgh. inical studies of workers exposed to polyvinylchloride i orex t VOL 38. ISS 11. 1903. P030-9 an CD - THORA IS - 0000-0370 AS - A previous study showed that exposure of workers to polyvinylchloride IPVCI dust was associated with the presence of small rounded opacities In the chest radiograph, and also with a small average reduction of the forced expiratory volume In one seeond IFEV1), Studies have now been carried out on selected men to determine the clinical Importance of the presence of small rounded opacities and also to Identify any clinical or physiological features associated with PVC dust exposure. Among 28 men with small rounded opacities, complaints of persistent bronchial mucous hypersecretion were more common (nine men) than amont 29 men of similar age. smoking habits, and dust exposure* (one nan. p less than 0.41). and there was a suggestion that the physical sl(p of late Inspiratory crackles was more frequent among men with opacities (seven of 7 men) than the other men (two of 28 men. p less than 0.05). The average lung function of men with opacities was only trivially lower than that of the comparative group and the difference between the groups was not significant. In further studies 13 non-smokers with the highest PVC dust exposure and lowest FEV1 (adjusted for age. height, weight, and dust exposure) were examined. None had an observed FEV1 less than 80X of the predicted value for age and height, and these men did not differ in symptom*, signs, or lung function from non-smokers with low dust exposu"* and similarly low FEV1. In a similar study of 18 smokers with the highest PVC dust exposures and lowest adjusted FEV1. some men had an observed FEV1 well below 80X of predicted value* for non-smokers, but with on* I ucc 044713 I 00017039 PVC PACE 1H are ***11 particle powder* containing vary llttla fraa monomer. Bulk PVC resin* ara similar to t resins. though tha particle* tend to btf1 more perou In partiela odea than suspensta rat In* dta smaller porosity pmr/ieles containing essbpTtally no free i product* doa* ndfc land itself t riaty of PVC^resin (cations confcWnfng health hazard* / IS studying occ PVC procai* and tha. product wu* ds the part/eurarand IdentrMed tn th* study. / V /\ / KM - TOXBIB ! Chapieal Industry a i Hum*) i Partiala Sica / KH - Polyvinyl Chloride ADVERSE EFFECTS 1 Polyvinyl* AOVERSE EFFECTS KM - Risk S Vinyl Chloride ADVERSE EFFECTS / RN - 75-01-4} 9002-66-2 ' - S200 209 SI - TOXBI6/65/062067 ---- ------- AU - Wilkinson RR AD - Hi dualt Rasaarch Institute. Kansas Clty. Hlsscurl. TI - Technoeeonomle and environmental assessment of Industrial organotin compound*. SO Naurotoxieology I Park Forest ID; VOL 9. ISS 2. 1964. P141-S0 LA - Eng CD - NRTXD is - om-eux AB * Current uies of organotin* Include heat stffclHears for polyvinyl chloride <PVC ... licone rubber, biocides, and animal health predicts. Domestic production consumption in 1962 is about 26 million pounds, and overall growth 1* estimated at 7 percent per year. Physical properties of organotin*. including solubility in water, octanol-water partition eoaffieients. and Freundlieh adsorption isotherm constants, are not wall characterized. Analytical methods for tin in environmental and biological matrices involve concentration, separation, and tdentificatton by chromatography, spectrometry, and spectroscopy. Environmental fate and effects of organotin* are not well understood. Degradation reactions may yield a complex sat of products. Including inorganic tin oxide. The effects of exposure of worker* and release of organotin* to the environment at point sources have been documented. Nonpoint sources of environmental exposure include discard and sanitary landfill disposal of plastic* and direct release of biocides to aquatic or marine environments. Other dissipative use* of organotin* which pose potential human risk Include PVC food wrapping and bottles and rigid potable water pipe. Th* long term health effects of low level exposure to organotin* are not known. Toxie metal cycling in the environment, including biomethylation of inorganic tin by naturally occurring bacteria, is of rising concern. KH - TOXBIB ; Chemistry { Chromatography. Bas > Economics KH - Environmental Exposure t Environmental Pollution ; Huaan KH - Kinetic* ! Occupational Disease* CHEHICALLT INDUCED KH - Organotin Compomds /ANALYSIS/POXSONINB f Refuse Disposal KH - Support. U.S. BoVT, Non-P.H.S.