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\ RULES AND REGULATIONS COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH CHAPTER 4 Article 432 Regulations Establishing Threshold Limits in Places of Employment (Adopted October 27, 1961) (Revised Aug. 17, 1965) PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH P. O. SOX 90 HARRISBURG, PA. 4099720490 Regulations Establishing Threshold Limits in Places of Employment * Section 1. Purpose The purpose of these regulations and standards is to prescribe minimum requirements and standards for the maintenance of occupational health in places of employment in Pennsylvania. Section 2. Application These regulations and standards shall apply to every place of employment. Section 3. Definitions A. "Atmospheric contaminant" shall mean a harmful substance or material in air usually occurring in the form of a dust, fume, gas, vapor, or mist. B. "Department" shall mean the Department of Health, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. C. "Dust" shall mean finely divided solid particles dispersed in air and having been formed by mech anical means such as grinding, crushing, blasting, and drilling. D. "Fume" shall mean solid particles dispersed in air resulting from some chemical or physical process that involved a change of state, such as combustion, sublimation, or evaporation and con densation. E. "Gas" shall mean a formless fluid occupying the space of enclosure. F. "General or dilution ventilation" shall mean ventilation provided to dilute the concentration of dusts, fumes, gases, vapors, or mists in the atmosphere of all or part of the place of employ ment. G. "Local exhaust ventilation" shall mean that type of ventilation in which suction is applied at the point of generation of dusts, fumes, gases, vapors, and mists. H. "Mist" shall mean liquid droplets suspended in air. I. "Place of employment" shall mean a location or site where an individual possesses employment in a trade, occupation, or profession for the sake of monetary gain. * Adopted pursuant to the provisions o[ the Adminis* trative Code of 1929: Act of April 9, 1929* P.L. 177* <*s amended. i ill 409972 0491 V _... J. (amended August 18, 1964) "Threshold Limit Value" shall mean the maximum average atmos pheric concentration of contaminant to which ' workers may be exposed for an eight hour work ing day. (These values are set forth in Table 1 hereof, which table is a part of these regula tions.) K. "Vapor" shall mean any liquid, except water, which when held in suspension in air will revert to its original liquid state after release from heat chemical action, or pressure conditions. L. (added August 18, 1964) "Short-Term Limit" shall mean the maximum atmospheric concentra tion of a contaminant to which a workman may be exposed for a specified short-time period. The concentration represents an upper limit of expo sure for the specified time and assumes that there are sufficient recovery periods between episodes for recuperation. The daily average exposure to the contaminant, including these episodes, shall be such that the threshold limit value set forth in Table 1 shall not be exceeded. (These values are set forth in Table 2 hereof, which table is a part of these regulations.) Section 4. Employer's Duties A. Every employer shall install and provide such control measures and protective equipment as is required for the protection of health. B* Every employer shall inform and periodically instruct his employees regarding known hazards and proper methods for utilizing industrial hy giene control measures which are provided. C% When it is necessary for an employer to provide protective equipment, such employer shall pro vide an approved means for cleaning and steriliz ing such protective equipment, and the employer shall cause such equipment to be maintained in a clean and sanitary condition. Respiratory equip ment shall not be passed from one man to another until such equipment is clean and sterilized. When filter or cartridge type respirators are used, such employee shall have such respirator for his own exclusive use. Respiratory equipment and replacement units shall be stored, when not in use, in approved containers. O. (amended August 20, 1963) When employees are exposed to compounds capable of causing occu pational disease by inhalation and/or skin or mucous membrane absorption, the department may require their employer to provide physical exam inations and other rests for them at periodic in tervals. 2 409972 0492  :*t: \ Section 5. Threshold Limit Values and Short-Term Limits A- (amended August 18, 1964) No employee shall be exposed to atmospheric concentrations of con taminants which concentrations may give rise to occupational disease. Tables 1 and 2 shall be used for the determination of permissible levels. B. Exposures to atmospheric contaminants or ad verse environmental conditions not referred to in Section 5A shall be controlled when necessary to protect health. Section 6. Air Recirculation and Discharge A. No air from any local exhaust rentilatioa system may be recirculated without express approval by the Department. B- The discharge of air from any exhaust system shall be such that no air contamination will enter any window, door, or other opening of any work area in quantities sufficient to create a health hazard to or in such area. Section 7. Tanks and Vessels . A. No individual shall be permitted to enter a tank or closed vessel until it has been ascertained that the atmosphere in the tank or vessel con tains an adequate quantity of oxygen and that atmospheric contaminants have been diluted to safe concentrations. B- If the oxygen content of the air and the quantity of atmospheric contamination are not determined, entry to the tank or vessel shall be prohibited unless the workman is equipped with an stir line respirator, a safety harness and safety line, and that another employee be stationed outside the tank or vessel to remove the workman in the tank or vessel should he experience difficulty. Section 8. Housekeeping A- The interiors, exteriors, and environs of buildings ' where hazardous materials are used, stored, or handled, shall be cleaned and maintained in such a manner as to prevent harmful exposure to hazardous materials. B. Employees engaged in such cleaning operations and all others who may be exposed shall wear protective equipment as is required. The cleaning operations should be done by suction apparatus. C. Where wet processes are used, reasonable drain age should be maintained. False floors, plat- 3 409972 0493 forms, mats, or ocher means of safe footing if should be provided. ' Section 9. Labeling Adequate identification, warning, and cautioa labels shall be applied to all containers ofhazardous chemicals. ,0 I 4 * 4099720494 Table 1. Threshold Limit Values (amended August 17, 1965) Substance 8-hour maximum average exposure Mg. perb P.P.M.* Cu. M. Acetaldehyde 200 Acetic acid 10 Acetic anhydride 5 Acetone 1,000 Acetonitrile 40 Acetylene tetrabromide 1 Acrolein 0.1 Acrylonitrile--Skin 20 Aldrin (1, 2, 3, 4, 10, 10-hexa- chloro-1, 4, 4a,.'5, 8, 8a-hexa- hydro-1, 4, 5, 8-dimethano- naphthalene)--Skin Allyl alcohol--Skin 2 Ally! chloride 1 Allyl glycidyl ether (AGE) 10 Allyl propyl disulfide 2 Ammonia 50 Ammonium sulfamate (Animate) Amyl acetate 100 Amyl alcohol (isoamyl alcohol) 100 Aniline--Skin 5 Antimony ANTU (alpha naphthyl thiourea) Arsenic Arsine 0.05 Barium (soluble compounds) Benzene (benzol)--Skin 25 Benzyl chloride 1 Beryllium Boron oxide Boron trifluoride 1 Bromine 0.1 Butadiene (1,3-butadiene) 1,000 2-Butanone (methyl ethyl ketone) 200 2-Butoxy ethanol (Butyl Cellosolve) 50 Butyl acetate (n-butyl acetate) 200 Butyl alcohol 100 tert. Butyl alcohol 100 Butylamine --Skin 5 tert. Bucyl chromate (as CrOj)--Skin - n-Butyl glycidyl ether (BGE) 50 Butyl mercaptan 10 p-tert. Butyltoluene 10 Cadmium oxide fume -- Calcium arsenate -- 0.25 15 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.002 15 0.1 -- -- -- 0.1 1 5 i 409972 0495 Substance Calcium Camphor Carbon dioxide Carbon disulfide Carbon monoxide Carbon tetrachloride--Skin Chlordane (1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8- octachloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetra- hydro-4,7-methanoindene) --Skin -- Chlorinated camphene, 60% -- Chlorinated diphenyl oxide -- Chlorine Chlorine dioxide Chlorine trifluoride Chloroacetaldehyde Chlorobenzene (monochloro benzene) Chlorobromomcthane 75 200 Chlorodiphenyl (42% Chlorine) --Skin Chlorodiphenyl (54% Chlorine) --Skin Chloroform (trichloromethane) 1 -Chloro-1 -nitropropane 50 20 Chloropicrin 0.1 Chloroprene (2-chloro- 1,3-butadiene) --Skin 25 Chromic acid and chromates (as CrOj) Cobalt Copper fume Copper dusts and mists Crag (R) herbicide (sodium 2-[2,4-dichlorophenoxy] ethanol hydrogen sulfate) Cresol (all isomers)--Skin Cyanide (as CN)--Skin Cyclohexane 400 Cyclohexanol 50 Cyclohexanone 50 Cyclohexene 400 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxy- acetic acid) DDT (2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)- 1,1,1 -trichloroethane)--Skin Decaborane--Skin 0.05 Demeton (systox)--Skin 1 0.5 0.1 0.5 0.1 1 15 10 1 0.1 409972 0486 Table 1. (Continued) 'At- Substance 8-hour maximum average exposure Mg. perb P.P.M.* Cu. M. Diacetone alcohol (4-hydroxy4-mcthyl-2-pentanone) Diborane 1,2-Dibromoethane (Ethylene dibromide) --Skin o-Dichlorobenzene p-Dichlorobenzene Dichlorodifluoromethanc 1.1 -Dichloroethane 50 0.1 25 50 75 1,000. 100 1,2-Dichlorocthane (ethylene dichloride) 1,2-Dichloroethylene Dichloroethyl ether --Skin Dichloromonofluoromethane 1,1 -Dichloro-1 -nitroethane Dichlorotetrafluoroethane 50 200 15 1,000 10 1,000 DDVP (o,o-Ditnethyl-2,2dichlorovinyl phosphate)--Skin Dieldrin (1,2,3,4,10,10-hexachloro-6,7-epoxy-l,4,4a,5>6,7, 8,8a-octahydro-l,4,5,8dimethanonaphthalenc) -- Skin Diethylamine _ 25 Difluorodibromomcthane Diglycidyl ether (DGE) Diisobutyl ketone Dimethyl acetamide--Skin 100 0.5 50 10 Dimethylaniline (n-dimethylaniline)--Skin Dimcthylformamide --Skin 1,1 -DimethyIhydrazine--Skin Dimethylsulfate--Skin Dinitrobenzene (all isomers)_Skin 5 20 0.5 1 -- Dinitro-o-cresol--Skin -- Dinitrotolucne--Skin -- Dioxane (diethylcne dioxide)_Skin 100 Dipropylene glycol methyl ether 100 Endrin (1,2,3,4,10,10-hexachloro-6,7-epoxy-1,4,4a,5, 6,7,8,8a-octa hydro-1,4,endo-5,8-dimethanonaphthalene) --Skin Epichlorhydrin 5 EPN (o-ethyl o-p-nitrophenyl thionobenzcnephosphonate) -- Skin -- -- -- -- -- . -- -- -- -- -- 1 0.25 -- -- -- -- -- _ -- -- -- 1 0.2 1.5 -- -- 0.1 -- 0.5 7 .i i: ii: 409972 0487 Table 1. (Continued) 8-hour maximum average exposure Mg. pcrb Substance P.P.M.* Cu. M. Ethanolamine 3_ 2-Ethoxyethanol (cellosolve)_Skin 200 2-Ethoxyethylacetate (cellosolve acetate)--Skin 100 -- _ Ethyl acetate 400 -- Ethyl acrylate--Skin 25 -- Ethyl alcohol (ethanol) 1,000 -- Ethylatninc 25 -- Ethylbenzene 200 -- Ethyl bromide 200 -- Ethyl chloride 1,000 -- Ethyl ether 400 -- Ethyl formate 100 -- Ethyl mercaptan 20 -- Ethyl silicate 100 -- Ethylene chlorohydrin--Skin 5 -- Ethylenediamine 10 -- Ethylene glycol dinitrate (Combined EGDN + NG) --Skin 0.2 -- Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (methyl cellosolve acetate) 25 _ Ethylene imine--Skin 5-- Ethylene oxide 50 -- Ferbam (ferric dimethyl dithiocarbamate) -- Ferrovanadium dust -- Fluoride -- Fluorine 0.1 Fluorotrichloromethanc 1,000 Formaldehyde 5 Furfural --Skin 5 Furfuryl alcohol 50 Gasoline 500 Glycidol (2,3-Epoxy-l-propanol) Hafnium 50 _ Heptachlor (1,4,5,6,7,8,8a-hepta- chloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro- 4,7*methanoindane) --Skin - 15 1 2.5 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.5 0.5 Heptane (n-heptane) Hexane (n-hexane) Hexanone (methyl butyl ketone) sec-Hexyl acetate Hexone (methyl isobutyl ketone) Hydrazine--Skin Hydrogen bromide 500 500 100 50 100 1 3 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 8 4099720498 ; Table 1. (Continued) Substance Hydrogen chloride Hydrogen cyanide--Skin Hydrogen fluoride Hydrogen peroxide, 90% Hydrpgen selenide Hydrogen sulfide Hydroquinone Inert or nuisance particulates Iodine Iron oxide fume (sophorone Isopropylamine Isopropyl glycidyl ether (IGE) Ketene Lead Lead arsenate Lindane (hexachlorocyclohexane, gamma isomer) Lithium hydride Magnesium oxide fume Malathion (o,o-dimethyl dithiophosphate of diethyl mercaptosuccinate)--Skin Manganese Mercury--Skin Mercury (organic compounds)-- Skin Mesityl oxide Methoxychlor (2,2-di-p-methoxyphenyl-1,1,1-trichloroethane) 2-Methoxy-ethanol (methyl cellosolve) 25 Methyl acetate 200 Mechyl acetylene (propine) 1,000 Methyl acrylate--Skin 10 Methylal (diiriethoxymethane) 1,000 Methyl alcohol 200 Methyl bromide--Skin 20 Methyl chloride 100 Methyl chloroform (1,1,1- trichloroethane) 350 Methylcyclohexane 500 Methylcyclohexanol 100 Methylcyclohexanone 100 Methylene bis phenyl isocyanate (MDI) Methylene chloride (dichloromethane) 500 0.2 at 409972 0499 i ' ' i i; Table 1. (Continued) Substance 8-hour maximum average exposure Mg. perb P.P.M.* Cu. M. Methyl formate Methyl isobutyl carbinol (methyl amyl alcohol) Methyl mercaptan Methyl methacrylate orMethyl styrene Methylene chloride (dichloro- methane) Monomethyl aniline--Skin Molybdenum (soluble com- pounds) (insoluble compounds) Naphtha (coal tar) Naphtha (petroleum) Naphthalene Nickel carbonyl Nicotine--Skin Nitric acid p-Nitroaniline--Skin Nitrobenzene--Skin Nitroethane Nitrogen dioxide Nitroglycerin (combined EGDN + NG)--Skin Nitromethane 1-Nitropropane 2-Nitropropanc Nitrotoluene--Skin Octane Oil mist (mineral) Osmium tetroxide Ozone Parathion (o,o, diethyl-o-p- " nitrophenyl thiophosphate)-- Skin Pentaboranc Pentachloronaphthalene--Skin Pentachlorophenol--Skin Pentanone (methyl propyl ketone) Pentane Perchloroethylenc (tetrachioro- ethylene) Perchloromethyl mercaptan Perchloryl fluoride Phenol--Skin 100 25 10 100 100 500 2 -- -- 200 500 10 0.001 -- 2 1 1 100 5 0.2 100 25 25 5 500 -- 0.1 -- 0.005 -- -- 200 1,000 100 0.1 3 5 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 5 15 -- -- -- -- 0.5 ____ ____ ____ ____ -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 5 0.002 0.1 ____ 0.5 0.5 -- -- -- -- -- -- m f 409972 06 J. .A Table 1. (Continued) Substance 8-hour maximum average exposure Mg. perb P.P.M.* Cu. M. Phenyl glycidyl ether (PGE) Phenylhydrazine--Skin Phosdrin (2-carbomethoxy-l- methyl vinyl dimethyl phosphate) Phosgene Phosphine Phosphoric acid Phosphorus (yellow) Phosphorus pcntachloride Phosphorus pentasulflde SO 5 -- 0.1 0.3 -- -- -- -- Phosphorus trichloride Picric acid--Skin Platinum (soluble salts) 0.5 -- -- Propyl acetate 200 Propyl alcohol (isopropyl alcohol) Propyl ether (isopropyl ether) n-Propyl nitrate Propylene dichloride 400 500 25 (1,2-dichloropropane) Propylene imine--Skin Propylene oxide Pyrethrum Pyridine Quirione Rotenone (commercial) 75 25 100 __ .5 o.l -- Selenium compounds (as Se) Sodium fluoroacetate (1080)-- Skin -- __ Sodium hydroxide Stibine Stoddard solvent Strychnine -- 0.1 500 __ Styrene monomer (phenylethylene) 100 Sulfur dioxide 5 Sulfur hexafluoride Sulfuric acid Sulfur monochloride Sulfur pentafluoride Sulfuryl fluoride 1,000 -- 1 0.025 5 2, 4, 5T (2, 4, 5-Trichlorophenuxy-acetic acid) -- Tantalum TEDP (tetraethyl dithiono- pyrophosphate)--Skin -- -- TEPP (tetraethyl pyrophosphate) --Skin -- 0.1 1 0.1 1 1 0.1 0.002 5 0.2 0.05 2 0.15 10 5 0.2 0.05 11 409972050^ Table 1. (Continued) Substance 8-hour maximum average exposure Mg. per1' P.P.M.- Cu.M. Tellurium 1, 1,2, 2-Tetrachlorocthane-- Skin 1, 1, 2, 2-TetrachIoro- 1, 2-difluoroethane Tetraethyl lead (as Pb) --Skin Tetrahydrofuran Tetranitromethane Tetryl (2, 4, 6-trinitrophenyl-- methylnitramine)--Skin Thallium (soluble compounds) --Skin ' Thiram (tetramethyl thiuram disulfide) Tin (inorganic compounds) (organic compounds) Titanium dioxide Toluene (toluol) Toluene-2, 4-diisocyanate o-Toluidine--Skin Trichloroethylene Trichloronaphthalene--Sk in 1, 2, 3-Trichloropropane 1,1, 2-Trichloro 1, 2, 2-trifluoroethane Triethylamine -- 5 500 -- 200 1 -- -- -- -- -- -- 200 0.02 5 100 -- 50 1,000 25 Trifluoromonobromometha nc Trinitrotoluene--Skin Triorthocresyl phosphate Triphenyl phosphate Turpentine Uranium (soluble compounds) (insoluble compounds) Vanadium (V'jOj dust) (V2Os fume) Vinyl chloride (chloroethylcnc) 1,000 -- -- -- 100 -- -- -- -- 500 Vinyl toluene Warfarin (3-[a acetonylbenzylj-4- hydroxycoumarin) Xylene (xylol) Xylidinc--Skin Yttrium Zinc oxide fume Zirconium compounds (as Zr) If::) -- 200 5 -- 0.1 -- -- 0.075 -- -- 1.5 0.1 5 2 0.1 15 -- -- -- -- 5 -- -- -- -- 1.5 0.1 3 -- 0.05 0.25 0.5 0.1 _ 0.1 - 1 12 409972 0502 Table 1. (Continued) NOTE: The word "Skin" following a substance's name indicates that the substance can penetrate the skin to cause systemic effects. "Parts of vapor or gas per million parts of air by volume at 25" C and 760 mm Hg pressure. `Milligrams of particulate per cubic meter of air. Mineral Dusts Substance Silica Crystalline Quartz (threshold limit calculated from the formula) Cristobalite (same) Amorphous, including natural diatomaceous earth Graphite Silicates (less than 1% crystalline silica) Asbestos Mica Soapstone Talc Portland cement Miscellaneous (less than \% crystalline silica) M.P.P.CT.' 250 %Si02+5 20 15 5 20 20 20 50 50 'Millions of particles per cubic foot of air based on impinger samples counted by light-field techniques. Table 2- Short-Term Limits Maximum average exposure for the time period specified Substance Mg. per*1. Time in . P.P.M.tt Cu. M. minutes Acetic acid Acetone Acrolein Acrylonitrile 40 1,000 0.5 40 Allyl alcohol Allyl glycidyl ether 5 (AGE) 10 Ammonia 100 Amyl acetate 200 Amyl alcohol 150 Aniline 50 Benzene 75 Beryllium - Boron trifluoride . 1 Bromine 0.4 2-Butanone (MEK) 300 Butyl acetate 300 Butyl alcohol 150 tert. Butyl alcohol 150 Butylamine tert. Butyl chromate 5 - Cadmium oxide fume -- Calcium oxide -- Carbon disulfide 100 Carbon monoxide 400 Carbon tetrachloride Chlorine Chlorine trifluoride 25 3 0.1 Chloroacetaldehyde 1 Chloroform Cobalt 400 _ Copper fume - Cyanide (as CN) - o-Dichlorobenzene 50 1.1-Dichloroe thane 200 1.2-Dichloroethane (Ethylene dichloride) 200 Dichloroethyl ether 1,1-Dichloro-l- 35 nitroethane Diethyl amine 10 100 Diglycidyl ether Diisobutyl ketone Ethyl acetate 0.5 50 1,000 Ethyl acrylate 50 Ethylamine Ethyl benzene 25 200 Ethylene diamine 20 14 \5 - 30 -5 - 30 -- 30 - - 0.025 -- -- - 0.1 0.3 10 _ -- -- _ _ - - 0.5 0.1 5 -- - ` 5 30 30 30 30 30 5 5 30 5 30 30 30 5 30 30 30 30 15 30 5 5 5 30 30 30 . 30 15 30 -- 30 - 30 _ 30 - 30 -5 _ 30 - 15 - 15 _ 30 - 30 _5 409972 0504 \ Table 2 (Continued) Substance Maximum average exposure for the time period specified Mg. perb Time i P.P.M. Cu.M. minute Ethylene glycol dinicrate and Nitroglycerin Ethylene inline Fluoride Fluorine Formaldehyde Hexanone (MBK) Hexone (MIBK) Hydrazine Hydrogen chloride . Hydrogen cyanide Hydrogen fluoride Hydrogen sulfide Iodine Manganese Methyl acetate Methyl acrylate Methyl bromide Methyl cellosolve Methyl chloride Methyl chloroform (1.1,1-trichloroethane) Methylene bis phenylisocyanate (MDI) Methyl mercaptan Methyl styrene Nickel carbonyl Nitric acid Nitrogen dioxide Ozone Perchloroethylene Phosgene Propyl alcohol Selenium compounds (as Se) Styrene monomer Sulfur dioxide Sulfuric acid 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane Tin (inorganic com pounds) Toluene Toluene-2,4-diiso cyanate (TDI) Trichloroethylene 0.2 5 -- 0.5 5 200 400 1 5 20 3 20 0.1 400 25 20 50 100 1,500 20 100 0.04 15 25 1 200 1 400 100 20 _ 10 600 0.02 200 - 10 -- - - _ -- - -- 5 -- -- -- 0.25 - - 0.3 -- 3 5 - - 30 30 30 5 5 30 5 30 5 30 15 5 5 30 5 30 5 30 5 5 5 5 30 5 5 5 30 30 5 30 30 5 5 5 30 30 30 5 30 15 i 409972 0505 Table 2* (Continued) Substance Vanadium (V^^dust and/or fume) Vinyl chloride Xylene Zinc oxide fume Maximum average exposure for the time period specified Mg. per** Time in P.P.M.* Cu.M. minutes - 0.5 500 300 - - 10 30 5 30 30 Parts of vapor or gas per million parts of air by volume at 25 C and 760 mm. Hg. pressure. ^Milligrams of dust, fume, or mist per cubic meter of air. ' . 16 409972 0506 V REGION 1 383 Wyoming Avenue Kingston, Pa. Phone: 288-6474 REGION II REGION V 29 Chestnut Street P.O.Box 829 Lewistown, Pa. Phone: 248-6765 Harry Schwab Building - 2nd Floor 734 West Fourth Street Williamsport, Pa. Phone: 323-3746 REGION III REGION VI 401 Buttonwood Street West Reading, Pa. Phone: 373-5175 996 South Main Street Meadville, Pa. Phone: 336-1191 REGION IV 505 Pittsburgh State Office Building 300 Liberty Avenue Pittsburgh 22,- Pa. Phone: Express 1-2100 REGION VII Philadelphia State Office Building 1400 West Spring Garden Street Philadelphia 30, Pa. Phone:Locust 8-4000 CENTRAL OFFICE Room 933 Health & Welfare Building 7th 4 Forster Streets P. 0. Box 90 Harrisburg. Pa. 17120 409972 0507