Document JJX71bwRqDQoqkdEbnq4xyMaO

J. L. COOLEY VICE PR ESID EN T A STANDARD OIL COMPANY OF CALIFORNIA SUBSIDIARY 2 0 0 BUSH STREET * SAN FRANCISCO 20 - CALIFORNIA April 9, 1959 DK. L. E. CURTIS: DR. R. A, KEHOE: MR. J. R. SABINA: MR. R. K. SCALES; MR. J. A. SPENCE: , , : Gentlemen: By discussion and correspondence each of you has been advised of the general plan expected to be put into operation to evaluate the relative lead uptake by persons associated with gasolines containing tetramethyl lead compared to the uptake from gasolines containing tetraethyl lead. You were also informed that we had expected to receive concurrence from the selected account at which the subject gasolines are to be consumed early this week. Preliminary contacts have been made, but in view of the personnel aspects it is necessary for us to obtain approval or other executives who will not be available until April 15 In the interim and because of Dr. Kehoe's important place in the program and his intended trip outside the country, we are appending the outline of the investigation under consideration. We would appreciate your early review on the assumption that \ arrangements can be made with the account for the early start of the test - the first phase of which will be under the conditions currently existing at the account. Appended are copies of an exchange of correspondence between Mr. J. A. Spence and Dr. Kehoe which we believe will be self-explanatory. We feel that the inclusion of studies of atmosphere and lead in urine at gasoline handling location between the refinery and the customer will supply the additional information Dr. Kehoe requested. In a recent telephone communi cation between Dr. Curtis and Dr. Kehoe, the latter pointed out the necessity of having the preliminary examinations at least made at his laboratory in order to assure the use of best accepted techniques. It is our understanding that if Du Pont prefers to have tests made by their own laboratory, that through this route and concurrence by Dr. Kehoe economies of time and money may result. 2 It will be noted in the outline that tetramethyl lead has been identified by the code X-I05A. This is consistent with the material previously used in our laboratory work - the suffix "A" indicating a new source of supply. For security reasons may vie request that correspondence on the material use this means of Identification. - Confirming our discussions with each of you, we hope that this program will supply the information considered most Important by each of the participants and will lead to the pre paration of a well-supprted, convincing report for presentation to the Surgeon General. May I suggest that If there are any items that require clarification that they be handled directly between the Individuals concerned and that we be advised of the outcome. We are most anxious that this program be brought to an early conclusion and appreciate the cooperation of each of you. Yours very truly Attach: Report - ''Assimilation of Lead by Persons Dispensing Gasoline Proposed Test Program" 4/3/59 Ltr. J . A . S p e n c e - R . A . K e h O e 3/24 Ltr. R,A.Kehoe-J.A.Spence - 3/26 cc: Mr. J, G. Evans (Confidential) Mr. J, F, Koehnle (Confidential) Attach: As noted above CALIFORNIA RESEARCH CORPORATION RICHMOND, CALIFORNIA ASSIMILATION OF LEAD BY PERSONS DISPENSING GASOLINE - PROPOSED TEST PROGRAM ______ __________ FILE 121.102 AFRTT, 5T 1959 The following is a proposed test program to compare the lead exposure hazards of TEL and X-105A encountered by persons who dispense large volumes of leaded gasolines. The test program will be conducted in a basement service station which delivers about 5,0 0 0 gallons of gasoline daily. Phase I - Determination of Base Line " The study is divided into three phases. In the first phase, both total air-borne lead and particulate lead in the vicinity of the gasoline pumps, as well as lead in the urine of the attendants will be determined. The station will be provided with its usual commercial gasoline containing 1- 2 ml of TEL per gallon. . It is anticipated that 8-10 men from three shifts will contribute daily urine samples. If it can be arranged that the same truck driver deliver all test gasolines during the tests, he will be included in the sampling. Accumulation of the necessary base line data will require about two weeks. The men who contribute urine samples will have complete physical examinations. This will not be necessary if they are periodically examined in the course of their employment. Phase II - Gasoline Containing Additional TEL After the base line is established, the service station will be supplied with a gasoline containing 3 ml of TEL per gallon. Urinary lead, as well as total air-borne lead and particulate lead, will be measured as before. By daily sampling, it is hoped that statistically significant data can be obtained in about three weeks. Phase III - Gasoline Containing: X-105A / The gasoline containing 3 ml of TEL per gallon will be replaced with one containing the same molar concentration of X-10 5A. The test will be continued on this fuel for at least three weeks. Daily monitoring of the urine, as well as measurements of air-borne lead, will insure against any hazard to the test personnel. HE -1- Lead-in-Urine Analyses and Medical Examinations ` The Du Pont Corporation has agreed to participate in the test program and assume responsibility for the daily Lead-in-Urine Analyses and any necessary physical examinations. In an attempt to get the program off to an early start, Dr. R. A. Kehoe, who is a consultant to the Standard Oil Company of California as well as the Ethyl Corporation and Du Pont, has commenced arrangements for the conduct of the Lead-in-Urine Analyses. The Du Pont repre sentatives may wish to proceed along these lines initially or make other arrangements with Dr. Kehoe as they see f i t . Total Air-borne Lead and Particulate Lead Determinations Since total air-borne lead includes both particulate lead from exhaust products and undecomposed organo-lead compounds from evaporating gasoline, it is desirable to obtain reliable measurements of both the total air-borne lead and particulate lead for comparison with the urinary lead values to assist in interpreting any differences in urinary lead between exposure to TEL and X - 1 0 5 A . The Ethyl Corporation has agreed to assume responsibility for these measurements. The period of most interest will be the peak fueling rush in the middle of the afternoon, but it" will be advisable to obtain some data on a 24-hour basis to aid in evaluating the exposure of the night shift personnel. Responsibility and Logistical Support : It will be the responsibility of Cal Research to arrange for the conduct of the proposed tests, supply the test gasoline, and maintain liaison between the cooperating companies, our Medical Department, the Corporation Industrial Hygienist, and D r . K e h o e . Mr. W. L. Richardson will be responsible for coordination of all aspects of the test program. Cal Research will obtain such supporting data as fueling rates during peak refueling operations, carbon monoxide levels, air movements, temperatures, records of cases of spills and other mishaps and any other data which may be required during the conduct of the tests. :paa V/. L. RICHARDSON 0004042 / / 2 2 3 B U S H S T R E E T S A N F R A N C I S C O 20 PERSONNEL DEPARTMENT W L. INGRAHAM O 'V IK O N A J. ALSTnOW MM9NNL W H JONES l`U4,'CATlON9'. LEE LAIRD W . LOVEJOY JFCTT Ifcwh 24V l?5f CALIFORNIA REC6IVE0 KAR 2-1t9S9' T , 4 MD Kotfcoriajg Instltsta of Applied Phy^iols^ Ci r s i i m ^ tt Ih s Ohio ' '" &3ST Dt% &@hsrs . A* d ifra s o o d w ith -yo u b y 'te le ph o n e l a s t att&e h s d i s 6 co py o f. e e r prapd f i e l d , t e s t fo r f^TLe vih ilo 'c e r ta in 'have. b o s s .incluio -'i,"-the'- t**at i s . f t l l t w ith in t h e -onerai fran e w o fS o f o u r . d i s a u s i i m . E i n r t l y . r4Hro .should you h a w any tre &tlan a fo r - fe' pro-f.twssst* . '. ' . Y*' p is .to ta ke d a i l y s p o t s ne^len ' )" Is s d in u rin o ' Th is i l l :r e s p ir o 'co n ta liis r s 'fo r up fce 10 o a^pleo p *r d ay fo r 'sh o u t 8 !ks V; *11'' tari. abo u t Ih f i r s t .uak in Ap r i l { hirnftrsr* :t h i s depends upon' tb s ' elLttry dato , r f ?!-!. and th * a v a i l a b i l i t y ~ f b lo o d in g . fa c i l i t i e s fle a h i l l u s -d ir R c tly' fo r a l l lo ad n alyo s s l o 'you t r -- a2f%ro. ; i t 1. e xe *dlau?ly ir o o r ta n t t h a t tat 'proocadv a r a p i d ly . a a p o s s i b le , -*irinr 'a .s u ita b le .answer on -YHL* "inc. t h i * w i l l r s r u ir o c l oco l i a i eon -/ d .. co n s id e ra ble . "o tm t 'o f . yo ur tin, wst w&ald l o to r *t i n you as o u r Com/ anr conr..klt'or.t on t^ i e : rn c.le e t,. I f i t i s a-trco able w ith yi,. k in d ly a d vis e un ?-> th a t tbe .n o o e s aai'y' .rrangwBnnt'*' an be -aada* ' ' : ?cry t r u l y jrfixr%e fctfv<mi co i ' r - t J . 1. Cl ' - ' ,-0 V%l * Cr . L . Ci 0004043 $5 , PROPOSED FIELD STUDY COMPARING ' ; * ' FUELING OF GASOLINES CONTAINING TEL AND TML _ The following outlines a suggested field test program, to permit .'V evaluation of the comparative lead hazard when fueling gasoline containing V. TEL and/or TML. Measurement,of the air-borne lead and lead in urine levels will be obtained during the periodic fueling of gasolines containing TEL and/or TML in the Turk Street Garage of the San Francisco Yellow Cab Company. ;' If--when-using TML the concentrations of air-borne lead and lead in urine are not significantly higher than those found when using TEL, then it will be tentatively assumed the potential-health hazards are the same order of magnitude. It would then appear justifiable to proceed with further development studies on TML. ' ' TEL - GASOLINE , Run 3 consecutive weeks using tetraethyl lead (3 ml per gallon). Determine the air-borne lead concentrations and the lead in urine levels. ' . . (a) Air-borne lead - determine daily the total lead and particulate lead;,obtain measurements to;establish peak levels; record daily fueling loads, in terms of gallons, pumped per 15 minutes, during peak operations. . As supporting data, determine carbon monoxide concentra tions, temperature and air movement data, and record details of all Cases of careless handling of gasoline or excessive, exposures. ,^ (b) Lead in Urine - sample daily according to instructions : being, exceedingly careful to avoid lead contamination. Sample the following men: / Cl) Those pumping gasoline (2) Others in the same general area during a major portion of the shift . (3) Calresearch personnel making, the tests (4) As negative controls, 2 men in no way exposed to lead. (c) Consideration should be given to having all employees wear clean white coveralls daily. The degree to which they are ; stained will indicate carelessness in handling. TML - GASOLINE . Run a second 3 consecutive weeks using tetramethyl lead (on an equivalent lead basis)/..- To permit comparison, determine daily the air-borne lead concentrations and the lead in brine levels UNI VEiSSfTY O F . CINC IN N A TI DL^*9rtT OF *9?VHTIVE HitHCIXf A0> IKDUSTftSAl MEAlT* /WrTTSftftt*LAVORATO*- A&&& -c* MHttcias-- ipe#* AVtajr ^ciujuti 19.om*o jSbX3Tvib SSif, 11L*-e fir. J. A. fepence Standard- Gil Coapany of California S IB Iteush S t r e e t :&sii I'rarsci--.;o Sic, . C a l i f o r n i a g p t t f 3 0 135, l "tC AS*- AM>SS^. 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P i L li _ Ls?/ k r o t i u - i e s u s i t i r a y e i I`\.aO tr- Ss.riT>*it?k t -O. .' - n o ti riE y axe v t H at . 1-0 x.::y o& b v r e k bst l t . r ; . e c g e : t L o t f r l * h -irc 'j t-I t o r a s p e c t t o l<aa:a i r n r M i o i , &i n r t i i i-,> c ; ' upor- r-r r o^crt-.?r * i&- t e a E * n .rc a e n tfc .'' e o t i d l 11p o <'1 o f tis . w u ri^ -fc iii t r o f the- u r i n a r y <tEcrnt.-i.iu o i iss.iJ i; rt-& -nfcy i n any- audd t hr e u j : o u ; f a e toy , * c -fco w t i t r kov-w & s u i f r c i c a . r n s jo b e r o f p r o l i a i i n a r y . r e s u l t t o fe** s t * t i t t i e a i s r 6^ t.A **r*?er4. I v t g g s s t t k i t 'pot. s a m p l e s o f tfa* u r i s e .i t the.* l u tin '& & i-t?-*ued or. two- t 'u n e w it o offiyii An tie&. K id -* * u . <o r e n d c-f t.h*. "i. . n o t -. i t ^ t o . wekTid) , o r l i t h e E s s m in ,.' ( o r tii ) e g ia tL la f o f t . s h i f t ) wis.an' tit w.- c a * j e c .w o rk , a n d i n tits . raeisr. i r t tie s a d o f tis s h i i t } ' . T h e 2p- c a n k c o v e < J , a t o .a a s ? a s tr s c a is tS i6r o r . a c t tk.-as sesr. * r e x 'c r t l n g l e a d * '. a L tlg iis r tii&E u o r s a l r a t e , unci t i i * ie . a a iiig itly i m p o r t a n t . canK i'de.r* t-ic a * t tb.c o v :ta t. . I t *gs.y b ti t t s w e ?. -mhavl'i 'ku** c o a t ^ i e t e p i y s 'i c & l e x s j s l E e t i o o e . s e l c s r t a l k ther l t e n s o f l a b o r a t o r y I f t s y k a v n o t h a d th s& d p r o - r io u s ijr o r y^rifPS;f.Gr-A'iy in ' tk -count , o f t h e i r p io 'y w o n t. C e r ta in ly i l t n r a ic a l and < m pleyrasnt M s f e i r i e - . s h o u ld iw m i k w d c a r e f u l l y a* p r e ir a d n a r y , i c o r d s r to e s t a b l i s h th lr f i t n e s s a e . ' s u t j e o t s f o r : t h e s e o b s e r v a t i o n * , a n d t h 3 .li r e a s o n a h l a f r e e tta w . ivs*. c t ^ o r -1W - jM ttio o a l e x p o su re to le a d . T h e ir s u i t a b i l i t y ' a s s u b je c ts '.' f o r th e s e ; o h s e r e n tf s a s ' w i l l , d e p e n d to s o b * e x t a n t upon ih d u r a t i o n o f t h e i r ' B p lo y iaen 't u n d e r t h e . p re e s e a t c e a d l t i o e u a o f a x p e s u r e tc- l e a d . I * i s n o r l a p r e t i r e , I s h o u l d s y , t h e t e e h e e e d e t a i l e d e d i c a l o b s e r v a tlc e is ' a s a ba^t* l i c e , b u t I th in k i t m y s e l l h e s a s t e e a ^ to hare such . i r f o r m t i o a and r*.< or.i* a t mom* t i e s ir. the co urs e o f thi- to dv. / '' J Wff. J. A. S p m c e - <S) - _Karc M , /' r. / .. ' ' ' 1S 5S Ib the Batter of *ey acting as a consultant to four Cooparty l e -this reletioasLAp, I wsleosfe the idea, Bines I fend eB3 c ^ c ; la rims of sy loas relsticwakAy- to // Ethyl Corporatlct end yoeir primary latere*t is tbs situation of your css Company, ax-, to wi&thsr yt*a wore in position 'to* make use',o-f our long and valuable muraricoco / in tais field.. It will asst surprie r. Cartife^ I &a eurc, and probably will h*5 as; surprie to you, fca?, I fel & fairly heavy bunios of professional rOBjKBBBlkility for the safaty of tbs practices of the petrol eux and eutoseotir* industriosi ir, n l a t i w to tetraethyl lead or it -fcaoclogae. I shall be very sorry, ictdee, m&sld m a > fol soste guilt, if. the use cf these jneteriala should darlop kio a genuinely ksaarous sliustioQ. sat 'relieved, therefore, probably beyuud tho r&ulleti*: sortoat of. e v ow<& responsibility, to be able t kavs sob first head laacfwled|fe of the seqruonco of your retivitioa in this iree tiact. Bay *ay that I think of this sa a fnoetica of The. Kettering'Laboratory, sai- that X shall tura oyer to .the Leferetoiy ssj fiasRcial returns- vhlcb cooo te * a-1 in this activity, ! &o is :others of slBilsr feature. This w ; or way net . satisfy your ova visses 'In: this .stter, in that you .(or yor legal people) say ' vials to bis we in eao professloo&sl releticwakip to your Ccspay. he that a it tty i shell b prepared to advi se you is this natter se well, as I css,, rttkost ., rgsl to c*y personal co&pensatios I could, for s&aaple, bill you, thrvugjk- the laboratory,- for tb-- services rendered- by other, and include- in this saei .cliSTH* for s^sva tin* as iwmid sews mutuali y. reasonable, beyond those', included . , i ic the- ju&tlnlstrati ve overhead 'charges of the Laboratory that are represented m tis cost per analysis. .> ery tru ly yours. j EAIIzns - ' S'..' i . ' , . ' ' ' I-..?. siaci 1 sead off to you *tt oaee, a package of cesaiaiders for tbs ' i collection o f susples of urine, with suitable instructions, and vili folio'this ' ehismmit up with others ass indicated, up to the aus&ber of four kasBdrad or &a*3s^j.t 'morn.. . If core arc required, .these can be- supplied, I need .emphasise only on . * * .poiat is tk procedure of collection. It rill b ofetlou- to you, I a sure, -.that-. the slightest contasiactitrs of a sample of urine creates a.serio os 'ainest la : , surasttstabl preces,. Every effort shenle b sie, therefore, to sweasra -the sessi- ,, asus ogroc o f cleasiinasp o h ths part of each individual coatntetc? of a snn^lv i- a&, <ewrj ocenei ess. Tais usually ssacna corful bathing, ausa, m thes, tld^lcsB j ear in handling the container and its covering eng so as not to cowtastssato itJfea' !' then or the rs as it flows into the costsS&pf. giace the coot of tks ehippiag I* ab tka aissiXysss is coataidcrable, a bit ci special cutre sed sporvieloa here ih J justified. B.A. B. * ; ce: Sr. L. S. Curta -S?... L,Co&ley 1! 0004040