Document JJOLBV7D79g4BgNvYo6jvZJyv

FILE NAME: Shipbuilders Council of America (SHIP) DATE: 1971 July 20 DOC#: SHIP071 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Memo to Accident Prevention Committee with Mt. Sinai Proposed 'Recommended Practices Manual of Asbestos Handling in Shipbuilding and Repair1 SHIPBUILDERS COUNCIL OF A M ER ICA WATERGATE SIX HUNDRED | WASHINGTON, . C. 20037 Ju ly 20, 1971 To: ACCIDENT PREVENTIO N CO M M ITTEE S u b je c t: M ount Sinai School of M edicine P ro p osed "Recom m ended P ractices M anual of A sbestos H andling in Shipbuilding and R e p a ir" A re v ise d d raft of the p ro p osed "R ecom m en ded P r a c tic e s M anuel of A sb e sto s H andling in Shipbuild ing and R e p a ir", p rep ared by D r. Duncan A . H oladay, D epartm ent of Com m unity M edicine, Mount Sinai School of M edicine is attach ed. The new d raft in clu des recom m en dation s subm itted e a r lie r by Council m e m b e rs through the ad hoc com m ittee on which M r. H arry Howard of Bethlehem Steel C orporation se r v e s a s the C ou n cil's re p re se n ta tiv e . A s m a y b e n o ted f r o m D r . H o la d a y 1s^ c o v e r in g l e t t e r , a fu r th e r review of the p ro p o sed m an ual is d e sire d . It is req u ested that such com m ents a s m em b e r s of the com m ittee m ay have on the re v ise d d raft be forw arded to M r. Howard, Bethlehem Steel C orpora tio n , 701 E a s t 3rd S tr e e t, B eth leh em , P a . 18016 with copy to the C ouncil by A ugust 6. R. H. M ereness A s s is ta n t to the P re sid e n t P LA IN T IF F 'S e EXHIBIT SBCA 5047 MiSM mV 'IV' * ^ M OUNT SINAI SCH O O L OF M E D IC IN E oj The City University oj New York F I F T H A V E N U E A N D 1 0 0 T H S T R E E T - N E W Y O R K , N.Y. 10 0 39 of Commitmly7>l(dicin' J u l y 12, 19 To: From: Members of Shipyard Manual Committee Duncan A. Holaday and Wi l l i am B. R e i t z e Enclosed i s a r e v i s e d rough d r a f t of the proposed shi pyard manual'i--rJi~\ which i nc or por at es suggestions and comments sent in by the commit tee members.' We wish to express our thanks f o r your review of the o r i g i n a l m a t e r i a l and the suggestions which you made. P e r s o n a l l y , l c o ns i de r t h i s d r a f t to be a c o n s i d e r a b l e improvement over the * o r i g ina 1 vers ion. ' Copies of the f i g u r e s a r e not encl osed because our Xerox machine w i l l not reproduce g l o s s y photographs. However, the l i s t of cap ti ons w i l l g i v e you a t l e a s t some c l u e s concerning the f i g u r e s , i f - you have a d d i t i o n a l m a t e r i a l , such as photographs, sketches or sug ges t i ons for f i g u r e s which would improve t h i s document, p l e a s e l e t us have i t . ` " You w i l l note t hat the s e c t i o n on v e n t i l a t i o n i s s t i l l blank. We have read the m a t e r i a l in the pamphlet suppl i ed by Bethlehem but would a p p r e c i a t e any a d d i t i o n a l thoughts on how to use mechanical v e n t il a t i o n to control dust aboard ship. . We would a p p r e c i a t e i t i f you could review t h i s document and l e t us have your comments by August 15. As you probably know, an i n t e r n a ti onal symposium on s a f e t y and heal t h in s h i p b u i l d i n g i s being-held in H e l s i n k i August 30-Scptember 1, 1971- We w i l l be l i s t e n i n g a v i d ly for any helpful thoughts that ar e presented at the conference and i t would be he l pf u l i f we had your opi ni ons of the manual to compare with what ot her s p r e s e nt . DAH; 1kh Enc 1. DRAFT 5/26/71 1. 1n troduct ion Much o f the equipment i n s t a l l e d in s h i p s r e q u i r e s thermal i n s u l a t i o n . Because of i t s d e s i r a b l e and, in some cases.,,; i n d i s p e n s a b l e , p r o p e r t i e s , a s b e s t o s i s wi del y used as a component of i n s u l a t i n g m a t e r i a l s . Appl ying, remov ing or handling i n s u l a t i o n can produce a i r b o r n e dust which contaminates the workroom a i r . I n h a l a t i o n of as bestos f i bers can cause s e r i o u s i n j u r y to those exposed. Many . s t udi es ' have found that c as es of a s b e s t o s i s , lung cancer and p le ur al and perit oneal mesothelioma have occurred f o l lowing exposure to a i r b o r n e as bes t os f i b e r s . . . Cases o f as bes t o s d i s e a s e s have been reported in men who a r e not u s u a l l y consi der ed to be as bes t o s workers. Pi pe f i t t e r s , s t e a m f i t t e r s and welders and shot b l a s t e r s , for ex ' ample, may remove i n s u l a t i o n in the course of t h e i r work. Members of these a nd ' o t h e r t r ades f r e q u e n t l y work in the areas where i n s u l a t i o n i s being a p p l i e d or removed and thus ar e p o t e n t i a l l y exposed to airborne asbestos dust. Dusts o t h e r than a s b e s t o s , such as some forms of diatomaceous e a r t h , may a l s o be important. However, l e s s is known of the hazard which might be c r e a t e d by such exposures as occur in s hi p yar d work. The general goal in a l l i n s u l a ti on work should be to mai nt ai n a c l e a n environment. 2 Although ar e a s of r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s w i l l d i f f e r from yard to yard, one responsibl e person, perhaps the i n d u s t r i a l h y g i e n i s t o r the s a f e t y o f f i c e r , should meet with the j o b superintendent and the job f ore mant o survey the job before any work i s s t a r t e d . The o b j e c t of t h i s survey would be to determine what dust problems might be cr e a t e d and the ar eas where they w i l l be. T hi s committee should then recommend procedures to reduce dust exposures during the completion of the j o b . The committee r eport should be made a v a i l a b l e to the c o s t e s t i m a t o r s as well as those con cerned f o r the day-to-day work s chedul e. Control s w i l l i n c r e a s e c o s t s and c o n t r a c t o r s should be aware of the pro cedures which they w i l l be r equi r ed to f o l l ow. Operati ons which generate largo amounts of dust i ncl ude ! . Hi p-on t o l ` o I d i lu.u 1. 1 1ion 2. Mixing asbestos mortar 3. Cutting i n s u l a t i o n m a t e r i a l e i t h e r on s i t e or in. f a b r i c a t i o n shops * Bl ocking or hammering on bl ock or pi pe covering to seat material 5. Warehousing and s t or age o f m a t e r i a l * 6. Clean-up and waste handling. P a r t i c u l a r e f f o r t s should be made to control dust d i s persion during these operations both to reduce peak exposures and to prevent general contami nati on of the atmosphere of the work a r e a . ' 3 The fol l owi ng s e c t i o n s of t h i s manual d i s c u s s ' i n de t a i l procedures which have been found us e f ul in reducing atmospheri c contamination by i n s u l a t i o n d us t s . These pro cedures have been assembled from r es e ar c h of our Laboratory and from s e v e r a l o t h e r s o u r c e s , wi th major c o n t r i b u t i o n s made by the programs developed a t the Puget Sound and Long Beach Naval Shi pyar ds . \ * * I 1. Control of As b e s t o s - C o nt a i ni nq Dusts by Use of S u b s t i t u t e M a t e r i a 1s S ubs ti tut io n of m at e r ia ls containing reduced proportions of as b e s t o s or no a s b e s t o s a t a l l , i s becoming more common in ship construction. Before a material is substituted for a s best os , c e r t a i n p o i n t s must be c a r e f u l l y cons i der ed. From a he a l t h po i nt o f view, one must guard a g a i n s t that which has happene*d in o t h e r environmental s i t u a t i o n s - - where in the d e s i r e to minimize use of a substance wi th some known hazard, .'ni mi I It'd subs t.'uice bus burn sub:', t. i Ut Led which l a t e r turns out l.u bf ul tin: line o f g fu. 1 1o !' lui/.ii'd. . A second c o n s i d e r a t i o n must be: w i l l meet engi neeri ng s p e c i f i c a t i o n s and w i l l I t quately under conditions of use. the new mat e r i a l perform ade M a t e r i a l s c o n t a i n i n g reduced amounts of as bes t os have been used in the fol l owi ng a p p l i c a t i o n s : b A . F i b e r g l o s s for bl anket and pad f i l l i n g Amosite blanket covered with asbestos cloth is a standard material for making vaivo and flange pads. Substitution of the proper grade.of fiber glass as a pad f i l l e r not onl y reduces as b e s t o s dust during f a b r i c a t i o n and i n s t a l l a t i o n but a l s o tends to lessen the problems during subsequent " r i p - o u t " . Asbestos c l o t h which has been t r e a t e d wi th a dust suppressant i s a v a i l a b l e and i t s us e should a l s o be encouraged. B . ,, B . i J > . < j t v * ^ r t iu j u u l J j h u _ k wi l lt_ Ulll I (Mil a s b f v . J o i; Over the years the manufactu 1'crs o f cal cium s i l i c a t e m a t e r i a l s have been s t e a d i l y reducing the p e r centage of asbestos fib er in th e ir material. Serious c o n s i d e r a t i o n should be given to those products con t a i n i n g lower amounts o f a s b e s t o s f i b e r . Several B r i t i s h firms have introduced as b es to s - f re e calcium s i l i c a t e block and pipe c o v e r i n g . To date, however, t h i s mat e r i a] has not been adequat el y eval uated in the United S t a t e s to determine how i t w i l l perform in use. 11i . Reduction o f Dust by Changes in Wor.k Methods In many o p e r a t i o n s , changes in work p r a c t i c e s w i l l r e duce dust d i s pe r si o n very s i g n i f i c a n t l y . A l l of the pro-  5 cedures d i s c u s s e d in t h i s s e c t i o n have been u t i l i z e d ' a n d . i , found to be e f f e c t i v e . A, Mixing Asbestos Mortar T h i s oper ati on has u s u a l l y been done a t the j o b s i t e . While the time spent in mixing i s q u i t e - s h o r t , c o n s i d e r a b l e dust i s produced. A t e s t e d method " o f cont rol i s to mix the mortar dockside and package . the mixed mortar in s ev er al c o n t a i n e r s for t r a n s p o r t a ______ tion to the job s i t e . Mortar is a v a i l a b l e packaged in several size:; of p l a s t i c bays which have a spout through which water i :J i 11Lreduced. S u f f i c i e n t wel c r is added to moisten the mortar; a f t e r premixiny, the _ bag is opened and the remaining water added. The c a r ton in which the bag i s packaged s er ve s as a mixing box and waste c*o n t a i n e r . E i t h e r of these methods min- . imizes dust d i s p e r s i o n a t the j o b s i t e . One commercial l y a v a i l a b l e package i s i l l u s t r a t e d in F i g u r e 1. ~ a B. Pr e - c u t t i n g pipe covering and block in the f a b r i cation shop. Hand-cutting of pipe covering and block should be kept to an a b s o l u t e minimum. Bend s e c t i o n s , pipe cover l engths and bl ocks should be cut in the f a b r i c a ti on shop on e x h a u s t - v e n t i l a t e d equipment. The proced ure used a t the Puget Sound'Naval Shi pyar d i s shown in . ++ A r 6 F i g u r e 2. Cut s e c t i o n s a r e dipped in water apd then packed in p l a s t i c bogs which a r e l a b e l e d to i d e n t i f y the l o c a t i o n where they a r e to be used. Thi s pro cedure i n s u r e s t h a t the cut s e c t i o n s a r e s t i l l damp and r e l a t i v e l y d u s t - f r e e when they a r c a p p l i e d . The p l a s t i c bags a r e a l s o a v a i l a b l e a t the j o b - s i t e s for use in co lle c t in g wastes. C. P r e - s c o r i n g blocks I n s u l a t i o n bl ocks should not be scored a t the . j o b s i t e . Blocks which have been pr e- s c or ed by. the manufacturer can be purchased, or standard blocks can be scored in the f a b r i c a t i o n shop using an exhaustv e n t i l a t e d gang saw. I). I tr'.U In t i ng [>i_pg . 1;<mib !_i _ < m _j Iuy j*|n >[>_ m * Sumo pipe a s s e mb l i e s a r e q u i t e i n t r i c a t e and ar c troublesome to lag while in place. A s a t i s f a c t o r y method o f doing these j o b , p a r t i c u l a r l y during ship r e p a i r , which is employed by the Puget Sound Naval Shi p yard, i s to remove the assembly in c o n v e n i e n t l y s i z e d s e c t i o n s and t r a n s p o r t them to t he' shop. Here the old i n s u l a t i o n i s removed, any n e c e s s a r y r e p a i r of the pipes performed and the assembled s ec ti on re-laggcd. Not o nl y i s dust d i s p e r s i o n reduced, but i t i s much . more conveni ent to r e - l a g the s e c t i o n in the shop than 7 when I t i s in p l a c e shipboard. Any i n s u l a t i o n which i s damaged during t r a n s p o r t and f i t t i n g i s r ep ai r e d a f t e r the sections are in place. E. Hand-cutting a t job s i t e s ` Some hand-cutt i ng a t j o b s i t e s i s unavoi dable. However, d i s p e r s i o n of dusts by t hese o p e r at i ons can be minimized. F i g u r e -3' i l l u s t r a t e s a p o r t a b l e down-draft t a b l e which i s used by the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard. T h i s t a b i c has f o l di ng legs so i t can be c a r r i e d down companionways and s e t up c o n v e n i e n t l y to the work. A small i n d u s t r i a l vacuum c l e a n e r i s the source of ex haust. Scrap i s dropped into a p l a s t i c bag and a drop- c l o t h i s pl aced on the deck under the equipment. These procedures r e s t r i c t hand-cutting work to r e l a t i v e l y small a r e a s r e d u c e dust d i s p e r s i o n and f a c i l i t a t e clean-up. F . F a b r i c a t i o n of Pads and Bl anket s Pads for v a l v e s and m a c h i n e r y , shou1d be f a b r i cated in the shop whenever t h i s i s p o s s i b l e . Amosite has been l a r g e l y repl aced by f i b r o u s g l a s s f i l l i n g with covers of as b es t o s c l o t h which has been treated with dust s u p p r e s s a n t s . F i gur e U i l l u s t r a t e s an e f f e c t i v e means for suppr ess i ng dust d i s p e r s i o n . The fi br ous g l a s s bl anket i s u n r o l l e d , dampened and r e - r o l l e d . T hi s 3 procedure i ns ur es that a l l the bl anket w i l l be dampened. The b l anket and asbestos c l o t h shapes are cut in the lateral draft booth.' Figure 5 i l l u s t r a t e s another .sys tem f o r dampening pad m a t e r i a l bef or e c u t t i n g . As there i s no l a t e r a l d r a f t booth in t h i s s h o p , . a l l the operators wear r e s p i r a t o r s . G. Housekeeping and Clean-up . E s s e n t i a l p a r t s of a dust c o n t r o l ' prog ram a r e housekeeping and clean-up procedures. Meticulous a t t e n t i o n must be given to measures f o r r e s t r i c t i n g spread of dust and l a r g e r wast es . F i g u r e 6 again shows use of a dropcl otn under a work area and v i v i d l y i l l u s t r a t e s how much waste would.be d i s t r i b u t e d over the general area or to lower decks i f one were not used. F i g ur e 7 shows use of an i n d u s t r i a l vacuum c l e a n e r to c o l l e c t dust and small s c r a p . Areas should be cleaned up a t the lunch break and the. end of each s h i f t . In . i l l p o s s i b l e i ii:. inline';, workmen should c Icon up t h e i r own o h m s . Wlie.re work rule:, p r o h i b i t l l i i : . , (he cleuii-up crew should be under the d i r e c t i o n and s u p e r v i s i o n of the i n s u l a t i o n foreman to i n s u r e t hat proper a t t e n t i o n is given to th is important su bject. s iV. Reduction of Dusts by Use of Local Exhaust Vent i ' l at i on A , V e n t i l a t i o n of l ar ge power t ool s - ' Band Saws . ' E x t e n s i v e use of band saws both in dockside \ m f a b r i c a t i o n shops andyon l a r g e r s h i p s such as a i r c r a f t c a r r i e r s , in the v e s s e l i t s e l f , make emi ssi ons from band saws a major source of as bes t os dust . Fi gur e 8 shows the dust cloud which i s produced by use of an u n - c o n t r o l led band saw. Control devi ces f o r such saws have been 'known f or years and a r e r e l a t i v e l y si mpl e. Conventional low v e l o c i t y , high volume systems using a negati ve p r e s s u r e bag house for a i r c l e an i ng a r e u s u a l l y more . p r a c t i c a l in a fixed i n s t a l l a t i o n f a b r i c a t i o n shop. F i g u r e 9 shows use of a simpl e d e v i c e which i s very e f f e c t i v e in c o lle c t in g dust produced during cutting of large diameter pipes. . . Because some degree of p o r t a b i l i t y i s d e s i r a b l e in a temporary shipboard f a b r i c a t i o n ar ea , a high 1s v e l o c i t y , low volume dust c o l l e c t i o n tm-in is desirab-le for such use. In Fi gure 10, a band saw equipped with J. it t h i s system i s shown^. ^T'he t a b l e top has been removed to show the pi ck-up hood'and duct. The a i r mover- is an i n d u s t r i a l vacuum c l e a n e r which p u l l s about 50 cubi c feet of a i r per minute past the saw blade at a v e l o c i t y of over 10,000 feet per minute. This system Is a very/ ftvu if c! 10 e f f i c i e n t dust c o l l e c t i o n . Units such as t h is can a l s o be designed to cont rol dusts produced by t a b l e saws and gang saws. . B. V e n t i l a t i o n of Hand Power. Tools High v e l o c i t y , low volume c o l l e c t i o n systems cont r ol dust emi ssi ons from most small power tool s ade q u a t e l y . Saber saws for c u t t i n g pipe coveri ng and r ot a r y saws f or c a t t i n g as bes t os cement board a r e well c o n t r o l l e d with these systems. F i g u r e 11 shows a saber saw equipped with t h i s system in use. i t is apparent that l i t t l e dust is escaping. , ' V. Reduction o f Dust by D i l u t i o n V e n t i l a t i o n _ 1 II V I . C o n t r o l o f Number o f Workmen Exposed t A. . Scheduling o f . i nsu l a t i o n Wor.--: Standard industrial hygiene practices call for i s o l a t i n g operations which contaminate the atmos phere with t o x i c m a t e r i a l s . Areas where i n s u l a t i o n work i s being done under c o n d i t i o n s in which dust might ' be c r e a t e d should be i s o l a t e d by p l a s t i c c u r t a i n s or ot h e r means. Whenever p o s s i b l e , work should be sched ul ed to-mi ni mi ze the numbers o f o t h e r tradesmen in the a r e a . Ship c o n s t r u c t i o n op e r a t i on s a r e more r e a d i l y scheduled than- a r e ship r e p a i r or s hi p-breaki ng j o b s . However, every e f f o r t should be made to keep the num ber o f men exposed a t a minimum. In p a r t i c u l a r , r i p- out of o l d i n s u l a t i o n should always be i s o l a t e d and i f n e c e s s a r y performed on an o f f - s h i f t . Trained work ' men s u p p l i e d with proper p r o t e c t i v e equipment should always be used for r i p - o u t work and i t should be scheduled for rapid completion. Vi 1, Pe r s on-1 I P I'n I.<m: l i v e __T<|ui])mouL In a d d i t i o n to dust s uppr ess i on and dust con t r ol procedures , personal p r o t e c t i v e equipment is often neces sary to reduce exposure and l i m i t the spread of contamina t i o n . The equipment d es c r i be d below is- used in control programs. 12 A. P r o t e c t i v e Clothing . P r o t e c t i v e c l o t hi ng i s r equi r ed to ke'ep con tami nati on confi ned to the work a r e a s . One nethod is to i s s u e di s p o s a bl e c o v e r a l l s which can be removed when leaving the work area or some- time p r i o r to entering - t h e ' l o c k e r foom and pl aced i n - p l a s t i c bags for d i s p o s a l . A s a t i s f a c t o r y type of prote ct ive clothing consists of r es i n impregnated paper c o v e r a l l s . These ar e inexpen s i v e , r e a d i l y disposable, prevent spreading contamina tion to laundries and el imi na te p i l f e r a g e . They are .worn f or one s h i f t , then removed and placed in p . l a s t i c bags f or disposal with other a s bes t os - c ont a i ni ng wastes. These coveralls provide s u f f i c i e n t protection for a l l but extreme c ond i ti ons . ' B. R e s p i r a t o r y p r o t e c t i v e equipment - * Even i f dust suppression and dust control pro- cedu res a r e used, some o p e r a t i on s gener at e so much dust that I t i s i mpr a ct i c al to maintain s a t i s f a c t o r y atmos p he r i c c o nc ent rat i ons of asbestos f i b e r s and r e s p i r a t o r y p r o t e c t i o n must be provided to the workers. A v a r i e t y of r e s p i r a t o r y p r o t e c t i v e equipment i s a v a i l a b l e from which dev i ce s s u i t a b l e for v a r i o u s s i t u a t i o n s can be s e lect ed. American National Standard Z8B.3-1971 , S.afety Guide for Respiratory Protection Against Asbestos-Con t a i n i n g Dusts should be r e f e r r e d to f o r d e t a i l e d i n f o r mation. I t i s emphasized t hat u n s a t i s f a c t o r y amounts of 13 r e s p i r a b l e dust can be p r e s e n t in the a i r even though conditions are not v i s i b l y dusty. The fine p a r t i c l e s which can be inhal ed s e t t l e s l o w l y and w i l l remain in the a i r f or some time a f t e r b u s t - d i s p e r s i n g work has ceased and the a i r is a p p a r e nt l y c l e a r . 1. Ai r-suppl led Rospi r o t o r s ' Extrcmely'dusty jo bs, such as rip-out of old i n s u l a t i o n where dust c o n c e n t r a t i o n s ar e very high, requir e use of a i r - s u p p l i e d r e s p i r a t o r s which w i l l . d e l i v e r c l e a n , dust -f ree, a i r to a f a c e p i e c e o r hood. Two general types a r e a v a i l a b l e : a i r - l i n e and s e l f powered. ' ' . * a. A i r - l i n e r e s p i r a t o r s in which a i r is sup p l i e d to a hoot, helmet or facepi ece give the greatest degree of protection. A i r ' is fed to the f a c e p i e c e from a compressed a i r - l i n e . The a i r source must be l ocat ed in an uncontaminated . area and i f the source i s not s p e c i f i c a l l y de signed for breathing purposes., a temperature sensing alarm must be i n s t a l l e d on the compres s or or a carbon monoxide, monitoring devi ce must bo. i i o . l n l l o d in Lbo . i i r - ! i n < `. An I. i - I'r o o / o com pounds should not be used in Lhc comp r e s s o r sys tern; water vapor must be removed by drying and o i l mi s t s be removed by a f i l t e r . F i gur e 12 14 shows a p l a s t i c , d i s p o s a b l e hood developed by the Puget Sound Naval Shi pyard tor s i t u a t i o n s where a very high degree of p r o t e c t i o n is re(|Ui m l . T h i s hood i s a v a i l a b l e comma iv in I I y . The a i r - l i n e should be fastened to .the hoot! with a quick-disconncct f it t in g . b. S^Ud^-povrei^ed (a'i r- 1Ine r e s p i r a t o r s connected to a compressed a i r suppl y impose l i m i t a t i o n s on movement, and t h i s l i m i t a t i o n can be t r o u b l e . some. Sclf~powercd resp i ra tors do not impose such l i m i t a t i o n s , but do add to the equipment which the workman must c a r r y and a l s o r equi r e . c a r e f u l maintenance. B a t t e r i e s must be r e charged d a i l y , f i l t e r s replaced and other main tenance done r o u t i n e l y . Workmen u s u a l l y p r e f e r i these devices to a f r - l i n e re s p ir a to rs . 2. P a r t i c u l a t e - f i I t e r i n q respi rators There are several types of p a r t i c u l a t e - f i l t e r ing r e s p i r a t o r s . ' Those 'equ ipped with a half-mask f a c c p i c c c a r e cons i der ed most s u i t a b l e for use by i n s u l a t o r s . Only Chose approved for p r ot e c t i on a g a i n s t a s b e s t o s dust by the U.S'. Bureau o f Mines should be used. These dev i c e s a re recommended for p r o t e c t i o n in those s i t u a t i o n s where the atmospheric co nc e nt r a t i on of as b e s t o s f i b e r s i s a t r e l a t i v e l y low l e v e l s . 15 A l l the recommendations for resp I ra to r - f i t t i ng , t r a i n i n g of workmen and maintenance, d e t a i l e d in Z99.3-1971 should be fol l owed. a . Reusable p a r t i c u 1a t e - f i 1ter?no r e s p i r a t o r s A variety of reusable p a rticu la te -filte r ing r e s p i r a t o r s a r e a v a i l a b l e . To i n s u r e proper f i t t i n g , s ev e r a l d i f f e r e n t makes should be a v a i l a b l e from which the workman can s e l e c t one. No one model r e s p i r a t o r f a c e p i e c e w i l l f i t a l l f a c e s . Routine maintenance is absolute ly ne c e s s a r y to- r e p l a c e clogged f i l t e r s and leaki ng i n h a l a t i o n or e x h a l a t i o n v a l v e s . Unmo i nt ai nod r e s p i r a t o r s produce a f a l s e sense of seenr?ty. I t>. Di sposabl e p a r t i c u l a t e - f i l t e r i n g r e s p i r a t o r s Operation o f an adequate r e s p i r a t o r main tenance program can be troublesome and, i f o nl y a few men a re i nvol ved, i m p r a c t i c a l . Disposable r e s p i r a t o r s a r e a v a i l a b l e which a r e designed to be worn for no longer than one s h i f t and then discarded. inherently, these devices are not as rugged as a r eusabl e r e s p i r a t o r and no a t tempt should be made to use them longer than one shi ft. VI 1I . Education and T r a i n i n g No dust cont r ol program can be e f f e c t i v e u n l e s s workmen and s u p e r v i s o r s understand the hazards a s s o c i a t e d > wi th the j o b s , the sources of the .hazards and the reasons f o r f o l l owi ng recommended procedures c a r e f u l l y . Understand ing i s o nl y obtai ned by educati on of personnel and t r a i n i n g in c o r r e c t oper ati ng procedures. For an education and t r a i n ing program to be s u c c e s s f u l , both management and labor must . be concerned and p a r t i c i p a t e . As wi th a l l s a f e t y programs, i t i s e s s e n t i a l that f i r s t - l i n e s u p e r v i s o r s be i n t e r e s t e d in and cooperate in the work. _ - 1 The harmful e f f e c t s o f n e g l e c t of procedures f o r c o n t r o l l i n g a s b e s t o s dust a r e not apparent for mSny y e a r s . T he r e f o r e , i t i s more d i f f i c u l t to convi nce workmen of the n e c e s s i t y of fol l owi ng r ul e s f or working with i n s u l a t i n g ma- 1 t e r i a l s than i f p h y s i c a l hazards were invol ved. However, those s hi pyar ds which conduct educati on and t r a i n i n g programs r e port good s u c c e s s . ` . education in hazards associated with use of insulating . m a t e r i a l s and i n s t r u c t i o n in c o r r e c t work p r a c t i c e s should be iu< ludcd in i|)|>is `UI i i i * li.iiitiu<| p r<x| |\tin*.. l o r tin* linn* being, however, ( IMhi i u<( iiul edit* .) l. i i >lt nui'.t he done nl I he \h i 11yn t`d'. . T hi s must be a cont i nui ng program and should include not only i n s u l a t i o n workmen, but o t h e r s who may o c c a s i o n a l l y work with insulation materials. ' . ` - Sh i pya rd Manua1 Figure 1 - . ' . / High temperature mortar packed in p l a s t i c bag. Water i s added to bag through spout and mortar moistened before opening. The moistened mortar i s removed as r equi red and mixing completed in shipping cont aine r. A l l wastes are placed in cont ai ne r and sent to di sposal a t end of S h i f t . . Photo courtesy I n s u l a t i o n Industry Hygiene Program. . t4 ' < . . 4 > T* 7 JL S h ip y a r d Manual Figure 2 Procedure used a t Puget Sound Naval Shipyard f o r handling bend s-eccions. S e c t i o n s a r e cut in f a b r i c a L ion shop, dippetf in wo t e r ond pl aced in p l a s t i c bag. The bag i s then * labelled with the j o b - s i t e description. ,s M t/ + S h ip y a rd Manual Figure 3 / P o r t a b l e down-draft t a b l e developed by Puget Sound Naval Shi pyard f o r use shipboard. L i g h t weight i n d u s t r i a l vacuum c l e a n e r used as a i r mover. Note p l a s t i c bag for scrap and dropcl oth on deck. ' ' * V, T^ A V' 1 ji S h i p y a r d Manual gure U .Dampening f i b r o u s g l a s s bl a nk e t f i l l e r before c u t t i n g . Note l a t e r a l .draft hood in which f a b r i c a t i o n Is done. T hi s procedura is used a t ' P u g e t Sound Naval Shi pyar d. /4 9 S h i p y a r d Manual Figure 5 F a b r i c a t i o n of pads a t Long Beach Naval Shi pyar d. Fi brous g l a s s f i l l e r is dampened before c u t t i n g . As no l a t e r a l d r a f t hood, i s a v a i l a b l e , a l l o p e r a t o r s wear r e s p i r a t o r s . Shipyard Manual Figure ) Use of small clean-up. industrial vacuum c l e a n e r f or , ' Photo c o u r t e s y of Puget Sound Naval Shipyard. I S h ip y a r d Manual ' Figure 8 . I . Dust produced by use o f an u n v e n t i l a t e d band s avi. Wi thout the bock l i g h t i n g used her e, much of the dust would not be visible. _ . j Photo courtesy Insulation' Research Program. Industry # Hygiene - \ f Figure 3 S h i p y a r d Manus 1 i Dust c o l l e c t i o n system for cut t in g large diameter pipe sections. A ir is exhausted from the end of the pi pe f u r t h e s t from the cut. Photo c o u r t e s y I n s u l a t i o n Industry Hygiene Research Program. , S h i p y a r d Manual A i r - s u p p l i e d p l a s t i c hood developed by Puget Sound Naval Shi pyar d. C o v e r a l l s a r c pulled over inner bib which holds the hood in p l a c e t i g h t l y . T h i s , or s i m i l a r equipment, i s required for such operations as rip-out of old insulation.