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L E AD Drip-Cap Flashings Made of Sheet Lead RTISTIC design of lead drip-cap AL flashings for doors and windows combines decorativeness with prac ticability in the Larchmont. N. A.. home pictured in the illustrations. A simple scalloped edge. 4 in. deep, pro vides the ornamental embellishment for these attractive flashings. Also fea tured are lead ''umbrella'' roofs over the front and the rear veranda doors. These roofs, made of sheet lead with loose-locked standing seams and fitted with over-hanging drip-caps, are in perfect harmony with the style and de sign of the house. The importance of flashing to pre vent leaks on roofs, chimneys and vents is widely recognized. However, its importance on doors and windows is often overlooked, yet these are also places where leaks frequently develop. Tiny separations allow rain and mois ture to seep inside houses, often re sulting in streaky wall-paper, falling plaster and ruined painting. Since true costs should be reckoned on a long term basis, such leaks, causing unwar ranted expenditure, must he avoided if the home owner desires economy . Original costs do not necessarily in Lead roof with ornamented drip, and rage-door Hashing showing the same treatment. dicate economy. Although types of construction, sizes and building materials are im View oi the rear terrace with a lead "um brella" root and ornamented drip over the doorway. COTTSC110 portant factors in determining the proper method of installing lead flash ing. several prerequisites should be observed. Flashings over doors and windows should be secured around the edges in such manner that expansion and contraction resulting from tem perature changes will not be impeded. For instance, thev may be fastened by loose-locking to continuous cleats nailed to the woodwork: the flashing itself, however, should not be nailed around the edge except when very small. Long runs should be in pieces not more than 8 ft. long, loose-locked together. Also, loose-locks paralleling the wall should be provided where large exposed flashings enter the wall. For these uses 3 lb. hard lead or 4 lb. soft lead should be used. Lead is ideal for flashings: it is easilv worked and formed into a wide variety of shapes and designs, ap preciably broadening the architect's scope of decorative possibilities. Re sistance to corrosion makes it durable and efficient. Lead does not stain ad jacent masonry or paint, but weathers to a beautiful patina which, highly ad- LIA25459 . mired through centuries, blends splen didly with all building materials. Furthermore, it may surprise marn architects to know that in the last few years the price of hard lead for roof ing and flashing has been reduced so much in relation to other materials that these advantages are attainable at virtually no extra cost. Mr. William Gehron of New \ork. was the architect in charge of the de sign and specifications of this house, and has used this method of flashing as standard practice on many of the fine homes he has designed. Mr. Gehron fully appreciates the \ast possibilities present in ornamental leadwork. not only for the expensive mansion, but for the small home as well. Lead-Lined Sink for Amateur Photography I FAD furnishes an economical and j__ efficient solution to one of the im portant problems that has arisen from the marked increase in amateur pho tography throughout the nation--that of providing a safe and durable drain age svstem for the corrosive chemical solutions used for developing and printing photographs. Indicative' of lead's service to this national hobby is the lead-lined sink shown in the illustration, which has been installed in a home at Grosse Pointe Farms, a suburb of Detroit, Midi. The sink is 10 in. deep, 15 in. wide, and 5 ft. long, built of wood and completely lined on the inside with 8 Ih. chemical lead. The sheet lead is carefully fitted to the sink and folded over the wooden bead at the top. The lining is cut from a single sheet of lead so that the only joints necessary are short ones "burned" near each cor ner. Thus, only a homogenous surface "f lead will be presented to the cor rosive solutions. Further protection is gained by the use of a lead trap and pipe to carry off the waste liquids. Thus, this amateur photographer is assured that the chemical solutions which corrode ordinary sinks and pipes will be discharged without dam age. Furthermore this same protec tion may be obtained in school, com mercial. industrial, or any photo graphic laboratory whatsoever. Durable, easy to apply, and highly resistant to corrosion by many of our most common chemicals in use today. lead is of great assistance to archi tects and engineers in the design of laboratory and industrial equipment. Lead pipe, lead-lined tanks, and other receptacles permit the handling, stor age and transportation of such cor rosive chemicals safely and eco nomically. View sltnuing lead-lined sink for corrosive liquids used in amateur photography. [3] LI A25460 i Plywood Home | Plywood Association ei> ds P'11 Two views, on left, showing ex terior and bedroom of home, walls and ceilings being plywood painted with white lead. SPECIFICATIONS: FOR INTER] New Douglas Fir Plvwood in interiors shy following formulas: SPLENDID example of the wis walls and ceilings painted with pure A dom of the Douglas Fir Ply lead and oil need only to be washed wood Association's painting specifictao retain their original cleanliness and tions is afforded bv the home shown attractiveness. This quality alone is in the accompanying photographs. a strong recommendation for the use This house, built of plywood in 1930, of lead paints, whose other character was painted at that time with pure lead istics of durabilitv. economy, and and oil and has had no repainting or beauty have brought this paint wide retouching since then. The interior recognition and favor. walls were given a stippled finish, the Indeed, in their recentlv adopted lead and oil being tinted to harmoniz standards for painting plywood, the ing and attractive shades and colors. Douglas Fir Plvwood Association, Today, according to the owner, the fully aware of the relationship of painting is in remarkable condition, proper painting with the rapidly ex still retaining its original freshness panding use of plywood in building and lustre. All the interior walls have construction, has recommended that been washed at least once a year, the pure white lead paint shall be used on kitchen being so treated on an average plvwood interiors. In their leaflet of two to three times a year, since "Specifications and Suggestions for Prime 1 Coal All Purpose Soft Paste Wh ite Lc ;m 1 1011 I; Raw Linseed Oil 0 U.h Turpentine Flatting Oil. Lead Mixing Oil or Lead Reducing Oil dC ga Floor Varnish Liquid Drier Gallons of Paint 1 pt. ,V 1 , Coverage per Gallon < appr< >xmuite Square Feet ,1!!' * Either formula A or B mav be ust'c personal preference of the decorat or. Interior Paint Decoration on Dougia> Fir Plywood." the accompanying formulas are recommended for new interior painting. Unsurpassed in beauty and dura bility, white lead is a superior medium for the wide variety of decorative treat ments which are integral parts of the competent decorator's repertoire. ^ ith careful application by skilled painter', the field of artistic effects thus ob tained is unbounded. Furthermore, the wide range of shades and colors to which white lead may be tinted is practically unlimited and appreciably broadens the architect's and deco rator's scope of enhancing and har monizing color combinations. White lead not only produces super- [41 LIA25461 -Nr. Pure White Lead [j,ing room and front stairway of t'his home, which was painted en tirely with pure white lead and oil. shown in views on the right. fERlfING ON DOl'CLAS FIR PLYWOOD shall hro0 roats of paint mixed according to the I851 __------- IFlat iFinishing Coat Semi-Gloss Finishing Coat rjminjCo:lt n* !Coat A' B* A* ! B* | 100 lb. "lb.|l,..||,. too lb. ; too lb. 100 lb. ' gal, r~ D gal|~ L1 Sal- 3t gal. 2', sal. 1 l>t. ' <D'2 1 ., . 2 hi ga]. ; 2 gal. i Pt. ; i ID al. 1 gal- 1 2 [>t- ; ! h pt- ; 5 at. ">D (i Ton son S00 800 800 800 used \ depending upon availability of materials and Many other decorative finishes, such as crumpled roll, sponge mottle, glazes, and designs done with mask ing tape and stencils further enhance the beauty of white-lead-painted ply wood interiors. Capable decorators are well able to style home interiors in these finishes as well as in many others of more intricate design. Relief work may be attained that is delicate and unusual, providing depth and texture to interior walls. Such effects are best obtained by using white lead plastic paint. Economical and beautiful, interior walls of plywood, painted with white lead in accordance with the Douglas Fir Plywood Specifications, give last ing satisfaction and service. An especial advantage of plywood is that no water is involved in the construction. Ply wood walls are "dry-built": they mav be painted immediately after installa tion saving time and trouble. Further more, this dry-built feature affords protection for the painting. Moisture in plaster walls may be a source of paint failures, both for interiors and exteriors. The use of plywood elimi nates this cause of trouble. In conclusion the combination of characteristics common to both ma terials. durability, attractiveness, ease of application and serviceabilitv. all contribute in making them well suited for interior finishes, for which thev are being used more and more in new and remodeled houses. lative attractiveness on plywood in teriors by virtue of its tinting possibili ties. but may also serve as the basis for many decorative treatments and paint l stylings that add charm and beauty' to interior painting, as further brought out by the Douglas Fir Ply wood Paint ing LeaHet. One of the simplest and yet most satisfactory of these techniques is I known as stippling. This treatment, producing a delightful pebbly texture, is accomplished by striking a wet, freshly painted surface with a wall stippling brush. The resultant finish is not only beautiful and gratifying, but. for the sake of practicability, has the added advantage of eliminating brush marks on the painted surface. r 51 LI A? 5462 -* wif Small Applications of Lead i [Editor's \otc: For hundreds of rears, shows an ingenious application of lead, in one way or another, has made inruluable contributions to the nations of the uorld. Today, in almost erery known indus lead in which this metal's malleability and working ease were of great ad try. lead is found to occupy a prominent anti vantage. The card, pale Christmas useful position furthering in a marked de gree our forward progress toward comfort, security, anil a higher standard of living. green with holly-red ribbon imprinted on the front and the Season's message The small uses of lead to be shown in this column from time to lime are indicative of lead's versatility and are brought forth with the desire to show, through unique and in on the inside, has two tiny lead bells, hand-hammered to almost foil thin ness. delineating in exact detail the This malleability of lead is nl teresting applications, some of the natural characteristics of lead that have made the metal one of the most valued in the norld.l outline of the clapper and other parts of the hell. Snow-flakes, done with white paint, are portrayed falling major importance in mam of our large industries. Lead tubes, foil, hand-hammeredornamental leadwnrk. HE unusual Christmas card pic around the bells, and. in order to com Ttured in the photograph. convey - plete the picture, there is another lead ino best wishes for ihe past seasonh. ell on the inside of the folded card. and mam other applications of lead all owe their servireabilit\ and adapt ability in great part to this. Sheet Lead7 Pipe, and Fittings in Housing Project Plumbing YER 42.000 lb. of lead have been used in the plumbing in stallations of the Logan Fontanelle Homes. 15 acre slum clearance pro ject. Omaha. Neb. This development, sponsored bv the Omaha Housing Au thority', was constructed with the aid of Federal Funds, and consists of oneand two-story group houses and twostory flats, containing 284 living units with a total of 1.114 rooms. The dwell ings range from three to five and one- half rooms, with main spacee - 'ay areas and lawns. The Government specified that plumbing should be installed in ac cordance with the Omaha code. Lead and cast iron were used throughout for the soil and waste systems. In ad dition to the lead plumbing. 4.650 lb. of 6 lb. sheet lead were used for roof flashings and shower pans. Bends and drum traps were of lead. Logan Fontanelle Homes adds one more example to the ever-increasing list of representative buildings of all types in which lead is used to great advantage for plumbing and sheet metal work. People are indeed fortunate in those cities where the plumbing codes are steadfast in specifying lead. Durable, flexible, easy to install, and economi cal lead may always be relied upon for trouble-free installations. COL'RTESY U. S. HOUSING AUTHORITY .-Hr view of Logan Fontanelle Homes, Omaha. \eb.. where lead was used exten sively in the plumb ing installations. [61 4! L l ;v2^b3 Correct Installation of Goosenecks on Lead Services ONDITIONS under which mod C ern water services must perform j)ave grown ever more rigorous. Ex- n-ive pavements, heavier traffic, more excavations and filled ground, more ,ipes and obstacles in the ground, and ,,ther factors require thick-walled, dur able. flexible pipe, a combination of characteristics found only in lead uater services. By adhering to a few vitind principles of installation the lullest advantage may he taken of lead services and they will give maxi mum performance, providing the water \w>rks official with lowest annual cost fur services. These principles will be reviewed in this series of articles. Provision of an adequate gooseneck at the corporation cock is one of the most important steps. A corporation ruck with a tail piece bent at 90 deg. so that it parallels the main, should be used. This helps, when the service is attached to it. to provide an adequate L'llDseneck. by starting the pipe in the right direction at right angles to the line of the service. The accompanying table gives the approximate amount of pipe to be used in forming the goose neck and the distance in a straight line from the tail piece of the corporation rock to the point at which the service straightens out. More pipe is necessary in goose necks in large size pipe or pipe with thicker walls to prevent thinning the walls on the outside of the bend or given are roughlv followed the bends will he sufficiently gradual. The goose neck should lie to the right of the tapping when facing the main because there is less chanceof the main settling than of the gooseneck, and in the latter case settlement would tend to tighten the union at the cock instead of loosening it. The gooseneck should lie horizontal so it will not act as a trap if the pipe is drained, and also in this position it will more readily ad just itself to settlement. When tappings are made in the top of the main the same type corporation distortion of the pipe. cock with bent tail piece is used and The finished gooseneck should form the gooseneck also lies horizontal a question mark with the curvature of starting parallel with the top of the both parts of the reverse curve about main and a few inches above it. Tap the same. Bends in lead pipe should pings like this should be avoided if not be sharp and if the dimensions possible, but if they must be made. GOOSENECK SIZES Inside hinmeler of Pipe I A A XS) j Length of Straight Pipe in length of Gooseneck Gooseneck AAA XX Si Lengl,, of Pipe in Gooseneck Sira ight Length of Gooseneck t'p In and including' 1 in. | 114 in. 1 1 '4 in. ! 2 in. j 2 ft. 2'i ft. :j ft.t ft. ) 14 ft. l >4 ft. l 7'S ft 2V2 ft. 2 M ft. :t ft. 1 ft. r, ft. 1 >i ft. 1 78 ftVA ft:i34 ft- Table giving the approximate amount of pipe used tor goosenecks. blocking should be placed between the main and section of gooseneck above it just bevond the joint. This will re lieve strain on the joint and coupling and allow it to he taken up in the gooseneck. It is sometimes advisable to provide a gooseneck just outside the founda tion wall of the building. This is particularly true if services are long, say 100 ft. or more, or if settlement is liable to be excessive. This gooseneck as a rule need not be as large as the one at the main but mav simplv be a slight, gradual curvature liefore the pipe enters the wall. In rolling out from the coil long services or services in bad ground, thev may be left slightly wavv. which will take up settlement all along the line. Care should be taken to see that these waves lie horizontal to avoid trapping. One of the great advantages of lead services is that goosenecks are made integral with the pipe, no joint being required to connect the gooseneck and the remainder of the service since the flexibility of lead permits bending the service as required. Because lead is inelastic, it is not under stress after movement, a fact which aids in pro longing its life since metals under stress are more apt to corrode. Lead Calking for Spartanburg, S. C., Water Project HE new water line at TSpartanburg S. C., is but another example of waterworks.who is stead fast in his opinion that "there is nothing so ser how lead calked joints viceable as lead for calk are relied upon to insure ing." dependability and dura The importance of bility in pipe lines. The water-tight joints in this 1937 and 1938 projects pipe line can not be over of the Spartanburg Water emphasized. Designed to Works include the laying provide increased fire of 4.000 ft. of 6 in. pipe. service for Spartanburg, 2.000 ft. of 8 in. pipe. there must be no danger 600 ft. of 10 in. pipe, and of joint failures to dis 10.000 ft. of 12 in. pipe, rupt such a service. There in the manner indicated fore. all joints must be by the accompanying calked with lead. photographs. This oper Lowering a cast-iron water main into place by derrick. Lead jointsare flexible, ation is facilitated bv allowing the pipe to ad lowering the pipe with a just itself to ground set derrick from a truck running parallel tlement and to withstand traffic move to the ditch, each length being abutted ment without undue strain. Such strain to the preceding length as it is lowered. is the cause of pipe f ractures and joint To pack the earth solidly, water is used failures when rigid jointing com as an aid in filling under the pipe and pounds are used. In addition, the in back-filling the trench. A 3 ft. cover durability of lead joints is bevond is employed. All joints are calked question and is further reason win with lead, the work being supervised lead calked joints have been standard by Mr. R. B. Simms, superintendent of for many vears. Pouring the calking lead for a cast-iron joint. Bringing the pipe in to place with the aid of the derrick. The truck moves slowly parallel to the pipe. View showing the joint with the pour ing of the lead com pleted and ready to be calked. PHOTOS BY ALFRLD T. WILLIS UPON REQUEST, THE LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION WILL BE GLAD TO MAIL "LEAD" REGULARLY. FREE OF CHARGE, TO THOSE INTERESTED, AND WILL COOPERATE, WITHOUT OBLIGATION. IN THE SOLUTION OF YOUR LEAD PROBLEMS LIA2 5465 PRINTED IN U.S.A. BY PUBLISHERS PRINTING CO.. N! W YORK CITY