Document JJDD2M4VN7wyYb84M6qLJoRD6

mw , <i% ya*i\'ii\pw /h 1 LI A 237 49 ** A 1 2 ' I> Uii > dtali is'ii it i aLi* 'v-:-i'---* 1 LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION, In c . tOl MAOIfON AVINUK NEW YORK 17, K. Y, Kay 8, 1963 SUBJECT: LEAD USAGE IH EUBC To Members of tbs Lead Industrie* Association, Lac.: The views expressed In this report are those of th Executive Vlc President of the Lead Industrisi Association, Inc., as a result of a trip to Italy, Oerainy, Belgium, franc* and England in the lata surxxr and fall of 1962. They vere gained through visits to saae 25 companies paling lead products In the first four countries named, tha lead associations In Italy, Cernsny, Trance and England, several lead producers, aid tha first International Conference co lead in London. Ccnpanles rlslted are mainly panufacturer* of cahla, batteries, pipe aid abeet, oxide* end other coepcunds, and anti-knock conpounds. I offer here sane general observations oa the outlook for these product group* In Europe, vhile detailed report* of post of the visits are attached. Cable Sheathing. Considerable difference* of opinion exist on the outlook for lead cable aheathlng. At present the displacement of lead far this purpoae has been puch leas than In the U. S. However, some European cable caaufacturer* feel that It la only * patter of inertia and tradition that hea created this situation and that in due course major substitution vi 11 take place and tbs U.S. trend vl 11 be followed. How ever, others feel that the use of lead cable sheathing vlU be maintained, portly because of different condition* of cost, distances sod loads on the cable. Batteries. The panufacture cf autccctlve storage batteries Is grow ing by leap* and bounds and a general Increase In the use of lead for this purpose of the order of 10 to 15 percent over each of tha next five year* Is to be expected. This Is the direct result of tbs rapidly growing auto mobile population In Europe and the Increase In the proportion of larger cars. Traction batteries already enjoy a larger share of the paterials handling market In Europe than In the U.S., battery powered Industrial trucks now having between 1*0 and 60 percent of the oarket as coppered with about 25 percent In the U.8. Also battery powered delivery trucks are nuch pore widely used In Europe, England alcne having over 40,000 of theo on the street*. Scoe European battery nanufacturer* feel that they pay hare a problea In maintaining this share of the market. Co the other hand they feel that total automation In Europe la less than in the U.8. and that growth of automation will offer growth possibilities for traction batteries. Zoo* Ahesd v*rth L+d Lead Usage la Europe -Z Hoy 8, 1963 Pipe and Sheet. While the use of lead pipe end sheet Is core eooaoa in Europe than In the U.8., It 1 following the U.S. trend hy losing sub stantial parts of its share of the carket. The e.'rtreocly high level of building activity due to reconstruction sol economic growth, however, have kept these products froa shoving arty noticeable decline. In the cbealcal equipment field a alight trend to return to the use of lead has been noticed recently as a result of dissatisfaction with substitution of other caterials, calnly plastics. In sooe cases. Oxides and Other Compounds. While ooot of the lead paint pigments have followed the declining trend of the U.3., red lead still oalntalns Its position as the standard octal protective paint end has suffered little rrco cocpetition. At the same tine lead coopounds for plastic siablllrera are growing rapidly to keep pace with the growing plastics industry. Also the use of lead cocpouads In ceramics Is Increasing. Cn the whole the Industries caking lead cocpouads look for annual growth at the rate of 5 to 10 percent In the next few years. Concern over Mexican oxide Imports was expressed by sooe. Ant 1-knock Cocrpounda. With one nanufacturlng plant In England, one In France and four In Italy lead sntl-knock ccepounds are growing rapidly. Most of these ccopounds were supplied freo the U.S. originally but European producers are looking for expansion at a rate of 10 to 15 percent over the next five years. A beginning Is being cade 00 the production of T.X to add to TEh production. Very truly yours. RIZteJc Enc. // / Executive Vice President .A1-- -jH i t.>> + *.n.w. ..'/ LIA23751 DETAILED REPORTS OF VISITS I WITH EUROPEAN LEAD PAHUFACTURERS Scptecbcr-October, 1962 Content* Italy: ^SS. General Observation*...................... ..................................................... ...1 t Lead Compounds.................................. 2 f Lead Pipe end Sheet ..................................................................... 2 ! Cable....................................................................................... 3 ! Batteries............................................................................................... ......It Anti-Knock Compounds....................................................................................................3 Svitrerland: General Observation*....................................................................................................5 Vest Germany: General....................................... 6 Batteries................................................................................................................. ..6 Lead Pipe and Sheet.......................................................................... 8 Cable.................................................................................................................................. 9 Beleiua: Cable............................................... .....9 Lead Pipe and Sheet .............................................................................. .....10 General..................................................................... 10 Prance: Batteries.......................... 10 Cable.......................... ii Anti-Knock Compounds..................................................................................................11 Lead Compounds........................................... .12 Anti-Vibration Pad* ...... ................................................. .... .12 General....................................................................................... 13 < England: International Lead Conference ... .............................................................. i4 N 1918.01 ITALY 8/29/62-9/15 "S General Observation* Construction uppears to be booclng all the vay froa Kaplea to the Svlea border. Tble ooplles to highways, Industrial building*, and apart ment* and office buildings. Most buildings seen to be reinforced concrete, but a lot of red lead was seen 00 Industrial buildings and highway con struction. The highways in general use no edge striping or yellow paint for anything, but the autostrada generally use yellow edge striping and merger markings but no yellow in the center. One short stretch on the Milano-Torino autostrada uses dashed yellow edge narking. Ve could per haps learn scoethlng froa their experience with yellow edge-narking and they froa our experience with yellow center divider* and obstruction vamlngs. One thing seen* clear - the value of yellow a* a warning. The practice on the autostrada is cuch the sane as on the Canadian trans continental highway system in Alberta and British Columbia. Whan visiting Pccpeii several fountains In the central patio of one of the cost elaborate houses were turned on and played beautifully for some 15 minutes. The water is supplied through the original lead pipes plainly visible around the edge of the garden. On leaving, I found lead through-vall flashing, said to be the original. Other lead pipes, not now in use, are also visible at Pompeii. In Rome the Pantheon still stands under its lead roof, said to be the original free about the second century B.C., vith repairs. At Venice nany old lead roofs dating back many centuries are visible. This Includes St. Marks' five domes, many turrets end drainage spouts. Also S. Giorgio, Saline and others. The Italian ceramic Industry is using great imagination about products to uake froa ceramics. Even the famous Ferragamo shoea of Florence offer flowered or otherwise decorated ceramic heels for women's shoes. If we put PZT in these, too, so they'd light up at each step ve'd really have something. Instltuto Italiano dl Piccbo e della Zinco Dr. Eleaer Vorady 9/1-2/62 As nearly as I could gather Dost of the Institute's support cernes from Konteponl A Montevecchlo which, he said, is now about 705I owned by Montecatani. They apparently even contribute people's tine and equip ment to handle routine work like reproduction. I gathered that much of Varady's tioe is Involved in internal matters and that his tine for pro motion and technical service is thus minimized. The institute's publication goes to about 5,000 people. I spoke to him about Caoerlni's interest in lead Information. Be said they were not in a position to help such people as oxide manufacturers and therefore do not contact then or encourage in quiries. I got the impression that there is a big proootlon Job yet to be done in Italy. "*"*#*** ' 'K. LIA23753 r 9/10/62 Azlende Chlclcbc Vittorio Parblnl. Casella Postole 315j Meotrs (Venezia) Dr. Fiero Borblnl, owner, and Dr. Korberto Pavonello, general cgr. This flrn make* litharge, red lead, lead carbonate and other lead compounds. It cade lead chromate until Hontecatini started to make It a lev year* ago. Moot of the litharge production 1 lined to make other lead Baits. A small amount goes Into pharmaceuticals and the rest Into stabilizers for plenties. About 1500 tons of lead per year are used for stabilizers In Italy. This use is Increasing substantially as Italy has Important plastic production. The biggest market for red lead Is In ceramics, glass and paint. The use In ceramics la Increasing, although the ceramic Industry has tried to get avay from lead both for reasons of cost and toxicity. In ferior quality products without lead have brought then back to lead glares, however. There is little or no lead in porcelain enamels and no porcelain enameling of aluminum In Italy. There is no lead In Venetian glass, most of the lead being used for Industrial glass tubing and fine crystal. Red lead paints are holding their own against zinc chromate and other competitors. Calcium plumbate Is considered still purely ex perimental. Ko lead silicates are being used by the ceramic or glass industries. White lead use is falling badly (off 30^ In the last 10 years.) The lead compound business, however, in which Barblnl is engaged. Is growing at a rate of 10 per year, largely because of plastic etabllliers and ceramics. Messrs. Caacrlnl, Via Senofonte 7, Casella Pcstale IO76, Milano Dr. Aldo Varetto, chief technical nan Dr. Borgatto 9/ll/^2 This company cokes all kinds of lead oxides, Including block oxide, end white lead. They vould like to see the battery Industry standardize its oxide specifications and asked for Information along these lines In the U.S. Ko standardization has so far been possible In Italy, but they pointed out that Gomlchon Carette & Cle of Paris, with factory at Rleux, sells large tonnages of one standard grade In France. The use of red lead In ceramics Is Increasing substantially. Red lead In paint has declined but there la now seme trend back to it. lead Insecticides have declined to about l/3 their former use, but a fair amount Is still used. Ferdinands 7-anolettl M-talll, Via Albrlccl 8, Casella. Postale 1273, Milano Dr. Ing. Carlo Zanolctti, Owner Dr. Antonio Scannicchlo, gen. mgr. Dr. SeraTlno Corlo, aast. gen. mgr. 9/H/62 This flrn manufactures lead sheet, pipe, seals and other metallic lead products as well as engaging In trading of many materials. Their lead manufacturing business so for this year is about 15^ ahead of lost year. They find that lead is making a comeback In chemical construction -:2- iT* -liCfc. VI, Iliup'lll 1 * ' - - LiA23754 V/^. at the expense of plastics vhlch have not always performed as veil as expected. They mcntloeed Itontecatinl and other big chemical companies In this connection. Alto a lot of lead roofing, flashing and plumbing Is sold, hot aa much lead la uaed per unit aa formerly but the high level of building occounto for this market holding up. This company also makes shot, vhlch lo grovlng, and Imports scrap. A nev Italian lav re quires extensive use of lead 6eal on post office transfers vhlch amounts to about ICO tons per year. Tccy sell lead elabs for snail bridges to prevent vibration. They mentioned a bridge at Toronto, vhlch is a swing ing bridge, vhere these slabs are replaced every 2 or 3 years. They are not sure exactly hov they are used, but moke them In some standard sites vhlch usually run 30-50 ca. square and 5*10 cn. thick. Pirelli Co, Dr. Duvini, head of coble research 9/12/62 While Dr. Davlni feels generally friendly towards lead cable sheath ing, he seems to believe that it vill be only a matter of time before Europe follows In the steps of the U.S. with respect to its use. Ee thinks that only tradition and the greater use of direct burial Instead of ducts have maintained lead's usage In Europe. Ee thinks that telephone cable will probably be the first to go and vill use sheaths similar to but not exactly like Alpeth and Stalpeth. (it Is interesting to note here that the Bell System still uses lead for direct burial but little else.) Europe Is already using a large amount of plastic Jacketed, lead-sheathed power cable and vhen Jacketing is uaed'the lead thickness is substantially reduced. For high voltages he sees little difference In advantage between lead-sheathed and pipe type cables, but ventured no comparison on coat or convenience. Ee expressed no opinion about possibilities of lend In combination with ether materials except his cocmenta about plastic Jackets. Ee felt that paper Insulation, vhlch requires lead sheathes, will probably lo3e out, at least to scce extent, to synthetic substitutes. Ee cited the use of more and more plastic Insulation In the U.S. (I believe here he was referring to the lover voltages at present.) Ee would like to sec lead stronger, lighter and cheaper. Ee seems seriously anxious to get results of our powder metal lurgy research and to get powders to try 00 his laboratory press. CEAT, Torino Dr. lug. Bonanate, head technical man Ing. Baccl, Asst. Dr. Casiraghl, gen. mgr. purchases 9/1U/62 This company is Pirelli's largest competitor In the cable field. These people seen more optimistic about lead than Pirelli, although I had been warned they vould be less so. At present they soy, in the case of telephone cable, that 60 of long distance and 705" of urban cables are lead. Long distance is burled In the ground and urban cables are In ducts. Coaxial cables are all lead sheathed and will remain so. All paper Insulated power cable la lead sheathed. On large cables lead is cheaper than p.'vethylene. Butyl Insulation Is replacing paper to some extent in lover voltages. In their opinion paper insulated lead cable gives a factor of safety of 9 or 10 to 1 and butyl Insulation only 2 or 3 to 1. -3- y l - *' H>-TBI.IMViF*M.'l LIA23755 They expresoed an opinion that modem high purity lead la more sub a ject to fatigue failure than lead vith some lnpurltlea such aa they got some years ago. They uoe pure lead and l/2 C alloys for pover cable and up to about 0.7 or 0.8 Bb for telephone. The Robertson continuous press has proved satisfactory for the alloys and the Pirelli press Is ceding along. Tor high voltages they believe that, If lead sheathed cable Is carefully Installed, it la better than pipe typo Installations. These people do not expect any major change In lead for cable sheath ing In the foreeeeable future. They cited, as an expression of their feelings, that in their nev large plant, vhlch I sav under construction Just outside Torino on the Kllano-Torlno autostrada, they are Installing equipment for lead Just as they have In the post. They said that vhen the plant vna planned a couple of years ago they had about decided to celt much of the lead equipment. However, a subsequent careful review of the situation convinced then that full lead equipment was needed. They Dcntioned aa possible competition the corrugsted copper arm aluminum sheathes being tried In Germany and Switzerland and a new aliniuia ex trusion press which Is being purchased and will be used Jointly with Pirelli. Keltber had enough confidence In aluninua to make the Invest ment slcne. 1 Pabbrlche Accumulator! Eenner.be reer. Via Jientana 9, Mont* 9/12/62 J. B. Keane This manufacturer of both Industrial and automotive batteries was taken over a few months ago by Ebd.de and Hr. Keane was sent over from that company's International office In K. I. to tale charge. Ee classed himself essentially as a financial can but seemed to have a good grasp of the crimerclal aspects of his business. The same evening I met him vith tvo technical men from Ebd.de, who were here temporarily, at ny hotel where they were also staying. Be estimates an annual average Increase In the battery business In Italy over the next few years of 10. Ee bases this on several things. Coe is Italy's growing auto mobile production. He also believes there id11 be a trend towards \ more cars and fever motor scooters as Italians can afford theta. Be f- expects core Industrialization of oouthern Italy, where cars are rela f tively few, and with It more prosperity and d o rc automobiles. Be does not expect touch Increase In the aize of car batteries which average about 12 to 14 lb. each. In the case of Industrial batteries he also looks for a big Increase. Vhlle admitting that Italy probably lias a higher percentage of batterypowered Industrial trucks than the U.S., he sold that Italy Is way behind us In mechanizing materials handling. This, he believes, offers a huge new market aa mechanization Increases. (Incidentally we rode in a little 3-wheeled personnel carrier at the Elre111 plant that waa gasoline powered. Battery power vculd probably have been ouch cheaper, particularly with Italy's high gasollno coct end taxes.) Hr. Keane made only one significant qualification: All these thing* would happen If Italy could maintain Its economy. This company makes Its own battery oxides but has aold the secondary smelter it formerly operated and buys Its grid metal. -U- * s- n-s,i, LIA23756 ' s.t.o.x. Dr. Z/inetti, manager of Socleta Lavorarlonl Organlche Inorg&niche, Via Calrolerie 1, Bologna, plant In Trento near Austrian border. 9/7/62 B.L.O.I. la the largest producer of TEL In Italy and la else set up to cake TML, but so for there has been no demand for the latter. Present consumption of lead by S.L.O.I. Is about 7,000 tons per year and for TEL In all Italy Is estimated at 11,000 to 14,000 tons per year. Lead consumption for TEL has been Increasing at a rate of hCrf per year and an average Increase of 10^ per year la predicted for the near future. Oil refining In Italy la markedly on the Increase vith the refineries doing a big export business to nearby countries like Switzerland, Greece and Egypt. The largest refinery, near Milan, la Jointly owned by Easo and Coltex. This reflnory la planning to Increase production from 1,000,000 to 5,000,000 tons In the next five years. Italian gasoline ja of two grades, all leaded. They are 05 and 100 octane. Hoet of the cooped cars, which are In the greet majority, use 85 octane, but the larger and more powerful Italian and American cars use 100 octane. There has been no increase In the lead per gallon of gas, the increased conairrptlan of TEL resulting entirely from Italy's Increased gasoline production. Dr. Zanettl felt, however, that In the near future there night be a trend to higher TEL coatect per gall00 or a trend to the use of core high octane gas as oore powerful engines are used. Bo problems have been encountered or are expected as a result of lead'a toxicity and the effect of gasoline fumes on public health. SWITZERLAND Ceneral Observations Construction here seems quite active but not so much as In Italy, probably because there was no war damage and because It Is obvious that there has been a lot of new building In recent years. Wherever new steel work was under construction, the bright color of red lesd paint was apparent and It appears to have no competition here. Ho yellow paint is used for either edge or center or lane markings on highways. In fact the highways outside of cities seem to be badly lacking In safety features. In all cities and towns brood parallel yellow bands mark cross valks where pedestrians have the right of way. Yellow is also used extensively for bus stops, parking spaces and so on. This Is another exanple of lack of uniformity in highway marking but recognition of the value of yellow for the purpose and Its acceptance by the public. The Schveltzerhof, one of Lucerne's beet hotels. Is still using a pre-World War I battciypovcred bus to transport its guests the l/2 mile or so to and from tha station. It's known as Aunt Mathilda. -5- LIA2 3757 WLfT CETCiW Blclberatung AQ., Dusoeldorf 0. Heusser 9/24/62-9/25/62 Hr. Heuaser vaa most helpful In arranging visits for me and In transporting me from place to place. While driving ve had considerable tlDe to talk. He asked nony questions about the L.I.A. aupport and eet-up which I answered fully. Hia support cooea l/3 froo the lead producers and 2/3 froo pipe and sheet manufacturers. Thus, as I had been varned, his group is venk on lead ccopounda and miscellaneous products lice batteries, cable, etc. I understood froa others that he has done a good Job in training building occtanlcs to knov how to handls lead. Bielberatung is only about 9 years old. As in Italy there appears to be a great need to broaden the scope of the association so that its preaction and technical aervlce can cover all lead products. Hetallgesellachaft A.O., Reuterveg 14, Frankfurt Mr. Otto Weckaann Kr. Haul, Metal Dept. 9/21/62 This cccpany produces about 4o,OCO tons of lead a year. Germany la co an import basis, buying also from Peru, Australia and elsewhere. Like many lead producers, their knowledge of the markets for lead product* and their competition la somewhat superficial. They do agree that to sell more lead the ultimate user of lead products and not the manufacturer of lead product* mint be sold. Berstungsdlenat Transport-Ratlonalislcrung Coetheplati 7, Frankfurt Karl Klapdchr Wolfram Erdlen 9/20/62 This is an association supported by battery manufacturers to develop the use of batteries for motive power. It provides engineering service to help users solve their materials handling problems, in favor of bat tery power if possible. Also publishes technical literature on battery power. They translated our industrial truck brochure a couple of years ago and call it a "best seller." They have distributed about 6,000 copies of it to date. Biggest competition now in Germany is with diesel power which is cheaper than gasoline. Batteries now get about of the industrial business. Klapdohr mentioned a U. S. trade paper celled "Flow" that be considers very good. He vould like to see our new battery bro chure as soon as possible. There ore obout 5,000 battery powered street trucks in Germany now. Their use has been declining because taxes are on weight including batteries. They hope to get this changed in the next couple of years. He reconciended Electric VeMcles Quarterly Revlev pub- llehed at Horley House, London. He also suggested contacting H. W. Heyman, Smith'* Delivery Vehicles, Team Valley, Gatcohead-on-Tyne ond Smith'* Electric VeMcles of Canada, Ltd., Toronto, who gnve a paper entitled "Electric Road Transport - the Premising Present end the Challenge of the Future" before the Canadian Electrical Association, Quebec, January 26, i960. In Ceroony they are experimenting with an electronically controlled 6- - // LIA2 3758 f i --------- ---- Industrial truck vhlch follow* a line vlth electric eyes and atop* vben the lino atopa. There la no operator. He aleo suggested contact vlth Electric Vehicle Assn., 2 Savoy Hill, London W.C. 2, Telephone Temple Bar 9^*3**, R. D. Reynolda, deputy aecretary. Thla group vould like to vork closely vlth ua particularly on the exchange of factual engineering data on batterlea for motive pover. Ap parently coat German battery companies moke Industrial batterlea but only 3 or h account for the bulk of the bualneaa. The Genian P. 0. Dept, baa eeveral hundred battery trucks on the street and I eav one aa I valked vlth Klapdohr. Varta A.O., forcerly Accuxulatoren-rabrlk Keuo Maimer Straaae $U, Frankfurt Director Puppe 9/23/62 Tbla la the largest battery manufacturer in Germany vlth a rubaldiary CpA-AKKU!dJLATCRH G.S. o.b.H., Eanburgerstrasse 9, VXEH V. Mr. Puppe 1* opticiatlc about the battery bualneaa. He expects there vlll be further technical lmprovementa In auto batterlea and acea no aerloua cocpetltlon to lead. In Industrial hatterirs he sees a psychological obstacle that operators vent speed and noise. (Klapdohr node the sane observation.) Ve must convince people that even though batteries are quiet they have all the pover and speed necessary. Safety, quiet and lack of CO fumes must be made advantages. High first coot la another disadvantage at a tine vhen everyooe looks to rapid vrite-off and does not vorry about long life. He does not like battery rental systems because he believes people do not take proper care of rented batterlea. On street trucks in the U.S. he sees a problem of competing vlth mass produced gasoline vehicles. He said that In Vienna all the nail trucks are electrics. Germany has 200 bottery-povered rallvay cars, all built In the last 6 years, vhlch arc used vhere It does not pay to electrify the line. Each car has 16-20 tons of battery and can go 500 kn. vlthout recharging. Each can pull one trailer cor of the same size. An additional 1*5 of these bat tery cars are nov In production. Gottfried Kagen AG KoLn-Kalk Bolohovcrstrasoe 95-LOl Karl Acker 9/2U/62 This company manufactures storage batteries, battery oxides, smelts scrap batteries and makes sheet lead, pipe, etc. Although they moke autccoblle batteries, they are more Interested In Industrial batteries because the competition In car batteries Is so Intense. The big cCa petIt Ion for traction batteries In Germany is vlth diesel pover- They have lost scoe business to diesel pover in recent years, but some of the customers vho vent to diesels are returning to batteries because of the dlesei's lever efficiency. Thus industrial batteries are recently ohovlng an Increase. Gasoline and propane are not alloved In mines be cause of CO gas. They see no competition for load batteriec in automobile* because they are the cheapest source of pover. Before the War there vere a considerable number of battery street trucks, but tbelr slovness resulted -7- i - <l v MMKimjTiiMiJUi'.lM'jOil11 uwn "uriTfriri inijirnrirn^jT:t i~ pjrrr ~ 'i~'"--1 r 1 r 1 " " ' V" 1 * --1 -111 w LI A23759 ^1 1 In a decrease after the War. Kov, heavier, slower traffic la favoring battery trucks for the future. Ihere la a need to reduce pover losses of battery trucks to Increase their usage. Gmail, non-splllHlead batteries for radios end the like are made by Flraa Sonnenocheln, Budlngen. For vater distribution lead pipe Is giving vay to plastics under ground. In buildings, some lead Is used for Voter distribution but most Is copper or galvanised - no plastic. More lead Is used In the vaste ays ten than for vater pipe. This use has ahovn a small Increase because of building activity, but the Increase has not been proportionate vith the building activity Increase. Ho copper is used for vaste. Sheet lead consumption Is greater than pipe. It It quite extensively used for flashings. However, the chemical industry Is this company's big market. Here, the paper Industry, once a big customer, has gone largely from lead to stainless steel. Also In making H,,SO,., the shift from chamber to contact plants has materially reduced the dee of lead. Also the trend from rayon i to nylon, etc. has reduced lead usage. Lead Is still quite vldely used In plating and pickling tanks. It vas mentioned that the Blelberatung has a soundproof room using 1 m. of lead, vltk vhich they are not too happy. Also foil 0.3 m. thick for vaterproofing cement vas mentioned but no one could cite specific Jobs on vhich It vas used. S^OLBSRGER ZIHC A3, AACHEH Dr. Ing. Hans Fritische, Managing Director Dr. Fischer, Smelter Director Dr. Schmidt, Director, Lead Manufacturing Dr. Peltel, laboratory Director 9/25/62 The inciter produces about 50,000 tons of Fb a year, about 25^ from their cvn ores, the rest frou imported. A160 UQ-50 tons of Ag. per yr. They have Installed a nev up-draft sintering plant and contact H-SO. plant In which a fair enount of lead vas used, particularly In the duct vork and both vet and dry Cottrell precipitators. Since batteries are becoming a more important item of lead consumption, they are nov smelting seme bat tery scrap and expect this part of their operation to grov substantially. The manufacturing plant next to the spelter makes sheet, pipe, traps and bends, solder, solder vire and cored solder, shielding bricks, gaskets and vashers and many miscellaneous Items. For sheet they have a mill that breaks down the slabs vhich are then cut and put through & finishing mill. Plumbers and building lead Is made In 3' widths on the finishing mill. Most flashing Is .6 on thick and roofing 2 to 3 no. thick. Soft lead vith about .055> Cu is .used. Sheet for the chemical industries Is mads in larger sites, The finishing mill Is not long, tho lead dropping through openings In tha floor at each end. Large amounts of flashing are sold, lead end tine being most popular In Germany, the relative cost -8- 'gyriwgMi v t * i' LIA23760 .5 deciding vhlch of these will be jsed, except for industrial exposure* vhere lead is preferred. They have even tried lead coating sheet sine for such conditions. Lead vastc pipe, traps and bends are thinner vailed than in the U.3. but a ara.31 percentage of Cb is used in then, consider ably less than ljt, I believe. To demonstrate lead's ability to prevent transmission of sound. Dr. Scheldt has in his office a sound box similar to ours, but rectangular. Kext to it is a box vith the sane internal dimensions but node of about 4" brick. A bell like ours is moved from ono to the other, and vlth lids on only the same amount of noise emanates from the two. This shows space saving quite graphically. Feltcn A Cullleauae Carlswerk AO., Koln-HullhelQ Dr. Erwin Keutner, Director, and five other engineers. 9/24/62 This firm vas quite optimistic about the continued use of lead for middle and high voltage cable. In fact they have about decided to buy a nev continuous extrusion machine. Even at voltages of 100 KV and up they use a lead sheath in nitrogen-filled steel pipe and had samples on display. When plastic is used it is generally on single conductors. Then parallel cables must be laid. Multlccnductcr cable; arc lend nhenthni. They feel that plastic is d o re expensive than lead in large diameter cable. They agree that lead offers a larger factor of safety and that cost is usually the determining factor in favor of plastic. Most of their sheath is copper-lead vith about .05 Cu. S.hile they do not expect much Increase In the use of lead for cable sheath, they believe it vill hold Ito own because of the greater amount of cable that vill be made. They have cade some cable vith corrugated A1 sheath. A1 must be Jacketed to protect it against corrosion. Al60 they believe that losses sxe less vith lead than vith A1 end Cu, because of Fb's poorer conductivity. The attitude of these people vas quite the same as at CEAT. BELGIUM Soclete Beige Pour La Fabrication Cables et Fils Electrlques, 79 Kue de Marche, Brussel* Mr. Drugnand, Ceneral 1'gx. S/Zj/62 This coepoay manufactures both telephone and power --.ble but is not as large as many others In Europe and confines its sales to Jel,. iin alone. Therefore its vlev3 are largely limited to Belgian practice. Fir. Drugmsnd is an elderly nan of the old school and claimed to be a great friend of lead. However, he sold he believed lead to be on the vay out completely. He said that up to 6 KV it hud been entirely re placed by plastic and believed this vould continue to higher end higher voltages. He cited as one difficulty obtaining paper for Insulation since It must ccce from Sweden. Hie company is now making plastics for their own use and has reduced its lead consumption frcct 250-J00 toes per nonth to 150-200 tons per month. He claimed that plastic is often more expen sive to use than lead but it is easier to Install and needs no skilled vorkers like lead does. He showed me specifications of the Belgian equivalent of A.S.T.M. for plastic sheath up to 6 KV and said that while there is nothing mandatory about these specs they have become almost, completely used by Belgian utilities. He saw only a disappearing market for lead cable 6heath. He did point out that, because of Belgium's -9- LIA23761 ? ------ - l -j :.-. -- ---l - snail site, there Is much less need for the high voltages used In other countries, end plastics have proved themselves for the lover voltages. Cctn^agnle Des Hctaux D'Oyerpclt, Lccnel et de Corphalle Rx'.c des iebrlqueo, ih-usscls Mr. Al l s bloos, Asst. Gen. Mgr. 9/28/62 I had previously net this gentleman In H. Y. This company makes metallic lead products such as sheet, pipe, shielding bricks, etc. Ee feels that the entire market for the conventional uses, such as chemical equipment, plumbing, and flashing, Is gradually diminishing. However, the nev City Administration Building In Brussels vill use several hundred tons of sheet for roofing and vaterproofing. This lead Is equivalent to about 7 lb- lead. The building Is under construction. I vas shovn the prefab-1 cated X-ray room vail construction, a circular describing which ve re .-ently received. Despite the fact that this seems much the sane as some of the Bar-Bay, Ray-Proof and other products marketed In the States, he says they now have over 100 Installations in Belgium and France and are about to introduce it in the Netherlands. He Is anxious to have all data on lead for soundproofing, as they are prepared to adapt this wall and do the laminating In the lead plant os they are for X-ray con struction. They are having some tests code for them at the University In Brussels on this construction for sound-proofing. Soclete Generate des Minerals, 31 Rue du Marais, Brussels Mr. Y. IXi Pore 9/27/62 As Mr. Von de Venne vas cut of the country, 1 was only able to have a general discussion, coctly statistical, with Mr. du Parc, who Is not too familiar vlth the usage of leed. Ee did s*y that lead consumption in Belgium has increased on average of 9y per year since 1953 while pro duction in Eelgiira vas declining. Ee also sold that the Cccmoa Market countries Import about 70^ of their lead requirements either as concentrates or pig. FRANCS Syndlcat General de la Construction Electrlque Branche Accumulateurs, 11, Rue Eomclln, Paris 16 Mr. Gaud 10/l/62 All statistics on batteries In France are based on naslnol, not real, capacity. Therefore, they coy be misleading since real capacity has been Increasing but nominal remains the same. However, he said that car bat teries, which constitute 80p of the total battery business, are Increasing by about 75& per year In the amount of lead used. About l/2 of Industrial trucks are battery powered and while he has no statistics he thinks this share Is slowly declining. Car battery life Is Increasing since the war and now averages somewhere around U years. Only two general types are made - one with an 18 no. guarantee, and a cheaper battery with a 12 mo. guarantee. The latter are a small portion of the total. In the cities most people expect the batteries to last as long as they own a car, which averages 3 to 4 yra. Ee thinks French people buy both bat teries and cars to last longer than in the U.S. The some amount of lead -10- iff* W\JftW MAAA. -lCTrl * LIA23762 irfksA. per battery nov give* ro^ d o re capacity than In the late bo's. (language being a handicap, I think he means that French battery canuTacturera have not reduced the lead per battery but have come up vlth batterlea velghlng the sane that nov have 20j more capacity.) Byndlcat Professlcnol dea Fabrlconts de File et Cablea Electrlgucs, 23, liuo de Lubcck, Faria 16 Kr. Do Loage de Hcux, General Secretary Kr. Jocqaln, Asst. Gen. Sec. 10/3/62 Production of cable in France haa Increased 505* In the last 10 year* but the uae of lead'for cable sheathing only 10 per cent. Actually the use of lead declined froa i960 to 1961. It vas about 60,000 toes in i960 and only 55,000 to 56,000 toaa in 1961. let the uae of neoprene for cable la even greater than In the U. S. The main reason for lead holding up so veil In France Is the hesitancy of French canufacturers to scrap old e<julpcent. Substitution Is folloving the sane pattern aa In the U.S. but Is soco years behind. These people believe that the use of substitutes for lead vill accelerate In the future. As yet there haa been little sub stitution in voltages above 3,000-6,000 volts because people are not sure how the substitutes vlll perforu vlth age and they are sure of lead. These men seen both favorable to the uae of lead and, vhllc in the long run they think substitutes vlll nake big Inroads, thc-y think this could be greatly delayed and ninlclred by proper promotion of lead nov. They indicated that they thought that French lead producers vere not aggressive enough In preceding lead. They said they vere anxious to co operate vlth the lend people to help save lead but the lead people vould have to take the Initiative because they are supposed to be neutral. They mentioned, for example, that they have displays 00 cable at trade shovs vhere they could distribute literature of the right kind prepared by the lead people. They even Dentioocd the pooslhility of translating our ads and literature for distribution If It vas the right kind. I believe the right approach to these people could be helpful. If these cen can be depended upon to act as they spoke, they could be Dost useful to the lead Industry. They dale that even nov the French cable Industry has not gone for as taich substitution ss the cable industries of other Euro pean countries. They said Jokingly that the cable betveen France and England relieved peak loads In the tvo countries and that the reason for the difference In the peak loads vas that Frenchmen took 2 or 3 hours for lunch vhich the English didn't-. Octel Kuhlnan, 25 Boul. do L'Anlral Bruix, Paris l6 Kr. Berth00, Purchasing Director 10/k/62 This Is the only TEL producer In Prance and It started production In 1938. They cake TEL and nev TJX, vhich la carketed by Octel S.A. Other European producers are in England and Italy. Tvo grades of leaded gas ore cade In France. The lead content of regular has recently been Increased. The folloving figures and forecasts vere given me of the Pb content of TEL end, starting vlth 1963, of TJX: 1959 - 5,000 tons Pb 1960 - 6,000 1961 - 7,500 1962 - 0,000 I960 -10,000-11,000 -11- "5^ j ' LIA23763 yr*v*w Gaclchon, Carette & Cic, 95 Kuc d Flaadre, Paris 19 Paul Lederer, Associate Director 10/4/62 llila company cakes about 20,000 tone per yr. of litharge, red lead, gray oxide, ealclun plucbate end lead tltancte. The last tvo are rela tively recent. Colclua plunbats la small but graving alovly for galvanlted surfacen. It was alao used at the vater line cn the ehlp France. Ha ahoved oe a recent article on It that ve abould have, jxibllahed In "Zinc, Cadalua, & Alllagea," by Le Cbgobre Syndicate du Zinc et du Cadclua, 39 Rue Saint-Doclnique, Parle VII , April, Hay, June, 1962, leeue. Red lead le videly uaed In France and baa little cocpctltlca free tine chrocato. That le true of laoet of Europe except Borvay. The French Kavy ueed tine chrooate around the end of the Var but evltched back to red lead because It lasted longer end ships vere not being sunk. Red lead and litharge consumption la about 18,000 tone a year In France. It declined fra* 1932 until the War but baa recovered to Its earlier level since. Ganichon is the only Independent producer of gray oxide, but It Is also cade for their own use by the tvo large battery cccpenies, Tudor end Fulcan. Gacichoo produces about 6,000 tons of gray oxide, half for export. The use of litharge and red lead for batteries has declined fra* about 5,000 tons In the 1954-59 period to about 2,500 tons now, but gray oxide has rare than code up the difference. Other uses for oxides follow: Clans 3,500 tons Ceradcs 1,000 o Colors 2,000 Paints 4,000-5,000 Other 1,000-1,500 Because of the constant lead poisoning threat they are starting to uoe a rubber shipping container for large customers like St. Cobaln. They also cake oxides chipped with 0.2^ of oil which cakes thea duotless. They hope that lead tltannic will recapture eooe of the white lead market since it does not darken on exposure to HgS. France uses nothing but yellow paints for highway corking and the practice Is growing In other European countries except Cercany. The latter use white containing white lead. Be will try to get teat information of the greater safety of yellow free La Prevention Rootiere, 66 Rue de la Rochfoucauld, Paris IX. Hr. Lederer Is very active In add a v.p. of an informal European lead oxide group known as CEDOP - CCKSEIL EUROPEAN POUR LE DEVELOPMENT DCS OXYDES EE PLG3, of which a Hr. Wlgrell of London acta as secretary. S. A. Vltrcge Eclipse, 11 Passage St. Sebastlen, Paris Marcel Charpentler 10/5/62 This coopany has been In the field of noise and vibration control using lead since shortly after World War I. Each Job is separately en gineered and it Is on this basis end not Just the sale of lead or pads that they coke their coney. The pads are not extruded but are made from sheet lead burned. The usual pad has tvo outside and one Internal layer of lead and la about 1 In. thick. These are used on about 75J& of Jobs. -12. '\*5't'r.'*'* w LIA23764 t. Other pads are thicker with tvo internal layers of lead. Pads are laid In a checker-board arrangement vith glass vool betveen. Usually pads go under the concrete machinery foundations but if this io net possible, they go directly under the machines. In the latter case they are shout Sjji as efficient as in the former. Be gave an a report of the excellent results measured on an lnatallatlon for Pc-.arrays by outside engineers end shoved me letters frea a number of large satisfied companies like St. Gobald and others. He said the material "Anicante" la special vlth them. The business Is groving, but since engineering Is a major part of their service they are not anxious to put on a hard sell. Over the ease period of years they have used lead for sound-proofing. He mentioned a 40-tco curtain at the Paris opera and laboratory Installa tions. Here, again, each Job la engineered and the profit baaed on that rather than material sales. This firm also cakes end Installs lead-covered steel skylights by extrusion end the 6aae In almlnum. Both coat the same hut lead outsells aluminum something like 4 to 1. The Louvre and cany other famous and i VutUixos Pennarroya Mr. Icha 10/2/62 French lead consumption has shown the following trend In metric tons: 1933 - 11*0,000 19^7 1957 - 120,000 - 210,000 1959 - 190,000 1962(eet.) - 210,000 Of the principal uses, he said cable makers are not very optimistic about lead's future. Lead oxides are not shoving much change, although litharge for plastic stablliicrs is increasing slovly, and red lead . for paint is holding its ervn. Sheet lead and pipe, particularly the latter, are de creasing badly although sheet lead in chemical equipment is not too bad. The use of lead in batteries is increasing although more and more battery companies are caking their own oxides. TEL In France is increasing sub stantially. This company's sales to the only producer have been as follows: 1957 - 2,500 toes 1961 - 6,400 * 1962 - 10,000+ " The government about 2 years ago increased tbe permissible amount of TEL per gallon and French engines are trending toward a higher average com pression ratio. The only French producer of TEL is OCTEL-KUHLeiAH, controlled by the Kuhlcan chemical interests. It is also new making TKL. The plant Is at PAIHB0EU7 near KAJfTES. The Plomb Oeuvre is supported about 75^ by Penarroya, vith other mining and aheet, pipe and oxide manufacturers. They have not been suc cessful in getting the support of battery and cable people. Penarroya, In addition to pig lead, makes sheet, pipe and oxidea. Be said they had recently cloaed tvo mines. -13 EKGLWJD First International Lead Conference Connaught Eoocj, London 10/8/62-10/12/62 Considering that thl* vaa the first conference of its kind on lead, X think It vaa an outstanding success and appears to varrant repetition, at least on a biennial basis. It vaa attended by about 25O delegates frem 27 countries, but only about a half-dozen from the 0.3. I attended a meeting of the European Lead Development Comlttee prior to the opening of the conference, at vhlch final arrangeoents vere discussed. I also spent considerable tine at the offices of the Lead Development Associa tion and vitb its staff. Hovever, the staff vas so Involved vith preparations for and conduct of the meeting, ve had limited time to discuss our respective activities and mutual problems. At the Conference I presented a paper on "Recent Developments la Storage Batteries In the U.S." vhlch vl11 be printed In full vith dis cussion In the Proceedings. It vas veil received and evc&ed some Interesting <jueeticna and discussions. Also at the Conference I met many lead manufacturers vhoo I had not met as veil as a nueber vith vhoa I had already visited. The Conference itself vaa conducted vith simul taneous translation Into four languages, English, French, German and Italian.I I also had an opjpjortunity to visit the London Metal Exchange and nect some of Its officers and members. LU22089 ........ ^>.it.^i.T...] ------------- - *ii tr>n 'im\ > LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION 490 LDOMOTON AVCMUC NSWYOMC I7.N.T. August 33, 1971 To Meabers of lb* Lead Industrie* Association! Tha Load Industrio* Association is represented by o m of Its staff on ths Rational Technical Task -ccr.itt*e on Industrial 'Ustee and la delegated in this capacity to represent the interests of the load lining, asclting, re fining and fabricating lV:,trlee_ The National Technical Task Cmoittee on Industrial 'Testes w*s fonaad under the auspices of the Public Health Service of the Federal Security Agency and includes representatives of twenty-two of the nation's leading industries. The preliainary functions of the Task Conoittee erst (1) To ssseohla a source list of existing processes and practice! employed in using, treating and controlling industrial wastes. (2) To eesosble a tabulation of research projects concerned with utilisation, treataent and disposal of wastes those underway and those contemplated. (3) To provide a list which will define problem that confront a given industrial group and for which there is no satis factory solution, particularly those which are comon to aore than one Industry. Thera are tany water pollution and industrial waste problem that are comm to unrelated industries and it is obvious that by nutnal coopera tion through an agency such as the Task Coonittoe, all of ln&stry can stand to benefit. If your coapeqjr, as s uenfeer of the Lead Industries Association, is currently feced with an industrial waste problen or, if having bean faced with such a probleo you have successfully solved it, you nay wish to fill in the enclosed fore and return it to the Association so that it nay be Bade available to the Task Committee at its next seetlng in October. As a participant you will, of course, be entitled to the benefit of research developaente undertaken by other cooperatir< companies. .Very truly yours. T' : c r aiann^EBBissi'syw 1 ^yaswimup w . m we nju.miej;i/eiw m" " d `h `*li`t l` N 1919 I ' WltWUH J <i^^pJM|gBWg|'W.5M ui;^*,!gj^I>illMiMtJ|^ '"fi '' 'fw t 1 LIA22090 itfUte LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION 4M UOaNOTON AVCNUC NOYOMIVCt [fill - laSastrjt Lead Lining __ Lead Sceltinj___ Lead Refining __ Lead Fabricating ___ Company Naaei , . UdTMIt ' Cltyi Statei _ JUIT0N1L TECHNICAL TASK COfUTTEE ON DTOUSIHAI mSTES Thl aheet refer* toi Vast* treatments Research project* ___ Problem*. ___ X) Bane of treatment, project or problem. 2) Any printed information arall sbleT Llrt eovrcee. 3) Brief description of treatment, project or problem. (Use ether side also) li) Any patents involved! Qlre ambers, i $) Remarks. (Use other side also) N 1919.01