Document JByp0Jkb2RzXpOyKvR2pxaja

> LEAD > Th e Bu f f al o Te r min a l o f t h e Ne w Yo r k Ce n t r a l Ra il r o a d Re s t s o n Le a d An t i-Vib r a t io n Ma t t r e s s e s Published by the LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION Graybar Building 420 Lexington Avenue New York NUMBER 5 JULY, 7937 Large Amount of Lead for New York Edison's Improvements Sote the vastly improved appearance of Eighty-sixth Street east of Fifth Avenue, Brooklyn, after removal of overhead wires shown at the left ORE than (50.000 tons of new lead will be Sloan. President, is the replacement of all overhead M utilized in the manufacture of cables to be transmission and distribution with an underground installed by the New York Edison System in its un alternating current network system covering the derground transmission and distribution system in greater part of New York City and Yonkers. The the ten years 1931 to 1940. inclusive. New cable to network will consist of a solid grid of street mains be installed in this period will have approximately to which energy from generating station and sub 80.000 tons of lead sheathing. Old cable to be retired station feeders is supplied by means of transformers. has about 18,000 tons of lead sheathing. For the most part new feeders to the network will Most of the work contemplated in the ten-year come directly from the generating stations. Mains program will be done in the boroughs of Brooklyn. supplied by radial lines of distribution that now Queens and The Bronx, and in Yonkers, where there exist will be tied in to the common network. It is are still areas with overhead transmission and dis the aim of President Sloan to place underground by tribution. As the Manhattan system service is un 1940 all mains except those in outlying, sparsely- derground, the installation in this borough will con settled areas. sist of replacements and reinforcements as required "Advantages of the underground network program by increased load. we now have under way accrue mostly to our cus The ten-year program contemplates the expendi tomers and the general public," Mr. Sloan said. ture of several hundred million dollars. The goal of "Some economy of operation is effected, of course. the present program, put into effect by Matthew S. The removal of poles and wires from the streets not \ i I i l i Flushing Avenue east of Broadway, Brooklyn, before and after unsightly overhead lines gave wav to dependable underground cable [2] LIA 25137 i 'Hi only improves the appearance of the neighborhoods, and enhances property values, but, further, our cus tomers are given an added measure of reliability and continuity of service. "If an accident occurs to any feeder anywhere along the line, both the feeder and its transformers are automatically disconnected from the network. The transformers on the adjacent feeders supply the network so that service is not interrupted.'' This vast improvement, Mr. Sloan pointed out, is another benefit arising from the unified management of the five companies comprising the New York Edi son System. Not only has the consolidation effected a saving of money that can be applied to the tenyear program, but in addition it has brought a stand ardization of operation and combination of technical knowledge that is of benefit to customers and the general public as well as the System. "With the generating station and substation feed ers connected to transformers located at frequent in tervals and with the street mains supplied by these transformers interconnected at every block, the en tire System will be one vast gridiron of transmission lines and mains," Mr. Sloan explained. "Our more than two million customers, in their homes, office buildings and industrial plants, no matter what their location, will thus be given every known protection to continuity of their electric service." Lead Tubes Open New Market HE pliability and chemical corrosion resistance Tof lead lends itself excellently to the manufacture of collapsible tubes for the packaging of viscous fluids, pastes and allied substances. Although collap sible lead tubes are generally made in moderate sizes, about that of a ten-cent mucilage container, they are sometimes found of rather large proportions, such as the tube pictured here containing a roofing compound made by the Philip Carey Co. of Cincinnati. This Lead-Lined Tubs in the Old and New Manner This huge collapsible tube is nearly a foot long N the top floor of a New York office building product is Carey Noah's Pitch, a plastic compound O a tenant wanted a sunken bathtub in which of asbestos fibre and oils, for repairing leaks of all he would have plenty of room to stretch. The largestkinds. Noah's Pitch has long been marketed in cans tubs generally manufactured are 6 ft. long, and this and drums to contractors, and the recent addition of was not big enough to suit him. Jarcho Bros., who the tube package to the previous line has been to were installing the plumbing, met the situation with provide a convenient form in which the individual the aid of sheet lead coated with asphalt paint. may use the product and thus add a new market to They built a sunken concrete tub more than 7 ft. that already established. long and lined it with sheet lead in the same manner A tube of this product is handy for anyone to keep in which shower room floors are lined. Over this around the house, where it is readily available when they placed wire lath and lined the whole thing with necessary. Only the amount required at the moment tile. Thus they had built a miniature swimming-pool need be squeezed from the tube, the cap replaced, for their client. and the remainder kept in good condition for future An interesting parallel to this ultra-modern sunken use at a moment's notice. Also it is easy to squeeze tub is what is reputed to be the first bathtub built the compound directly from the tube onto the leak in this country, constructed by Adam Thompson to be repaired. It is marketed in tubes of two differ earlv in the nineteenth centurv. It was made of solid ent sizes--1 j lb. and l-'-i lb. The larger size is inter mahogany and lined with lead to retain the water esting in that it requires a tube lljN in. long and and protect the wood. lYs in. in diameter. * I LIA 25 138 Early American "We ought to know more about the families who founded this nation, and how they lived and the force and courage they had. One way to do this is to recon struct as nearly as possible the conditions under which they lived. Then we have a history that is intimate and alive, instead of something in a book. "Here in Dearborn, we are assembling a complete series of every article used or made by the first settlers in Amer- The extensive lead-work on this beautiful replica of Independence Hall is described in the article O achieve his object, Mr. Ford has collected at TDearborn, Michigan, authentic relics of old America in unbelievable numbers. He has erected a group of handsome buildings to house these collec tions, and in these buildings each trade is chrono logically represented from the early settlement of this country to the present day. There are exhibits depicting the development of transportation; agricul ture; communication; mines and metallurgy; weav ing, spinning and sewing; photograph)'; costume; education; and, in short, the development of every- r This cupola and roof are hard lead thing that goes to make up our lives. These are all housed in a group of handsome colonial buildings, having for its central unit a replica of Independence Hall in Philadelphia. In a cement slab in the main entrance the footsteps and signature of Thomas Edi son and the spade of Luther Burbank are preserved. Nearby are Edison's workshops from Menlo Park and Fort Myers, and an old American village with its town hall, inn, smithy, school and church, all genuine relics that have been restored to their orig inal state. The buildings had to be erected to fittingly pre serve the invaluable historical relics which Mr. Ford has collected. In the selection of a sheet metal for the exterior of the Ford Museum the following de ciding factors were recognized: extreme durability, necessary to measure up to the long-life character of the building construction; extreme ductility, required to allow the material to be readily shaped into flash ings, gutters and coverings, conforming to the com plicated conditions of the construction; a material 4 L14 2513- 1 Life Recreated in For d M useum cho orce onhick and cries ner- ica, and in many instances we are extending the series denim to the present time. When we are through we shall have reproduced American We and preserved in actual working form at least a part of our history and tradition, "Improvements have come so quickly that the past is being lost to the rising generation, and it can be preserved only by putting it in a form where it may be seen and felt. That is the reason behind this collection." --He n r y Fo r d . Eight handsome cupolas and most of the gable roofs are entirely covered with hard lead which could be worked from sheets, pressed or cast to form the ornamental sheet metal details; a mate rial electrolyticaily inert in connection with iron or copper; a material which would not decompose in the presence of industrial gases, causing staining of the white paint finish; a material to which paint would adhere strongly; and lastly a material whose natural color when left exposed would be compatible with the architectural design. Lead is the only mate rial which meets all these requirements. Hard lead was accordingly selected for the sheet metal work. It was used in forming all flashings in connection with slate roofs and gutter linings, covers for tops of all exposed wood cornices, coverings for all wood railing caps and roofing on all pitched gable roofs and tower decks, besides many miscellaneous details. The urns, cupola roof, and spire on the replica of Independence Hall, as well as the ornamental sprav wreaths which occur under the clock dials, are of hard lead. A large amount of hard lead covers the entire exterior surfaces of eight cupolas. In laying the lead on the gable roofs, continuous batten strips running from ridge to eaves were laid. These were beveled, 2x4 strips bolted to the roof, narrow edge down. The lead covering was applied with a separate cap joined to the roof sheet with a folded seam made square and permitting expansion. All fastenings were made concealed with lead tabs folded into the joints. Joints exposed to water and in ornamental work were burned. Gutters, cornice coverings, flashing, and the leader-head just visible at the bottom, as well as the cupola, are hard lead [5] LIA25140 Leaded Oils An Essential Part of Modern Lubrication HE virtues of a lead in the form of white lead. Tlitharge, and other pigments, as a cure for hot bearings have been known for a long time. When a consistency, so as to thoroughly cover every operat ing requirement. The underlying theory of this leaded compound journal was running hot it used to be the practice as a "border-line" lubricant is that when the unit of millwrights to feed a quantity of white lead into pressure gets to be so high that the mineral oil film the bearings, with the result that the temperature breaks down, the lead oleate which it contains starts was at once reduced. In railroad work, where the to function as a lubricant. For example: tests have unit pressure on axle bearings is extremely high, shown that under a pressure of 10,000 pounds per a lubricant containing square inch the oil film lead has been in use for from a mineral oil like a long time. However, this remedy was consid WEAR TEST ON BRONZE cylinder stock of the 600 type, breaks down ered of a temporary na ture only, as an exces 500 Pounds 600 Pounds 500 Pounds completely, and scoring immediately takes place sive quantity of the white lead or litharge in Compounded Cylinder Oil on account of the metalto-metal contact of the a lubricant increased rubbing surfaces. Tests the wear on the bearing on account of its mildly abrasive nature. Lead "soaps," of which lead oleate is a representative chemical No.6 Penola Leaded Compound I Rubbing speed435feetpermin. in every case Duration of test one(t) hour on each testpiece have shown that the leaded lubricant with stands unit pressures up to 48,000 pounds per square inch. In other words, this lead oleate compound, are now be ing used in lubricating ,icadshown. VV, is the total ca/cu/cfted !oaai on tear piece, w/de, flat surface being /0 times the beam-load lubricant has a factor of safety nearly five times compounds. For exam ple, the Research De Diagram of Testing Machine !0"--------------- M greater than ordinary straight mineral oil. partment of the Penn This leaded lubricant sylvania Lubricating is finding a field in the Company, Pittsburgh, Pa., has succeeded in developing a lubricant containing lead oleate in a very pure form. This product is sold un Pump' .Analysis of Test Pieces: li S.A.f./fo.SS-Copper 68~90% i | Tin //-/?% H3 Phaaoh 0.1-03%**==! Mic'ktl 0.5-1 % Rotor; Case-hardened carbon steel 400bnnnei. Same rotor used on all tests without regrinding in the order shown Tests conductedat A W. Cadmon Mfg. Ca, Pgh Pa May it and 17,1931 lubrication of geaFS of all types for the reason that the unit pressures there are intense on ac count of the extremely narrow areas in contact. der the trade name of In the case of gears of "Penola Leaded Com the hypoid type now pound," and in it all advantages resulting from the widely used in automobiles and in gear reduction addition of the lead compound are retained, while the units in steel mills and other similar types of gears, disadvantages have been eliminated. It is claimed it is imperative to use leaded oil properly to protect to be the ideal "border-line" gear lubricant for crit the gears and have a reasonable factor of safety. The ical conditions of tooth pressure and rubbing speed. present tendency in gear lubrication practice is to It is a composition of highly refined low cold-test use the lightest viscosity of the leaded lubricant blended oils, chemically and inseparably combined commensurate with the duty imposed, with the re with pure lead oleate; it maintains an effective lubri sult that a minimum amount of heat is generated at cating film and prevents metal-to-metal contact the point of mesh and in the bearings on account of where ordinary lubricants break down. It is suitable the lower internal friction of the lighter lubricant. for lubrication of both gears and adjacent bearings At the same time adequate tooth and bearing protec and is manufactured in eleven grades of density, tion is assured because this new lubricant produces from N'o. 0, which compares in viscosity with a a lubricating film nearly five times stronger than medium motor oil, to No. 10, which is of a stiff ordinary lubricants. (61 LIA 25 14 1 The accompanying illustration shows the result of wear tests on bronze blocks by a steel rotor, the same metals used in worm speed reducers. One set of tests were made using the leaded compound and the other using a well-known lubricant generally rec ommended by worm gear manufacturers. The photo graphs show conclusively how much less wear results when the leaded lubricant is used. Lead Vibration Insulation in Another Large Terminal Lead Enriches An Entrance HE new Kips Bay Boys' Club building on East TFifty-second Street, New York, Delano and Aidrich. architects, has been awarded the certificate of architectural merit of the First Avenue Association.. Here is pictured the attractive entrance. In the glass oval over the door is a boy's head wrought in lead, while the transom window is also of leaded glass. Note that it bears the address in lead. By this use of the metal, which will remain unaltered in color and appearance, the entrance has been made decid edly distinctive. In addition, wherever pipes have pierced the roof, as in the case of the vent stacks, 6 lb. soft lead flash ing was used. George E. Gibson Company were the plumbing contractors. U urts Bros. Entrance to Kips Bay Boys' Club with at tractive ornamental glazing over the door The track side of the New York Central's Buffalo Terminal shows the need for vibration insulation OR many years the New York Central Railroad Fhas given much attention to the problem of elim inating or deadening vibration in its terminals and other buildings adjacent to its tracks. Without some precautionary measures being taken, trains would set up vibration in these buildings that would be most annoying to the occupants. As a result of ex tensive studies made some years ago by the Central's terminal engineers, a lead and asbestos mat was developed for vibration dampening. These mats have been used under almost all of the buildings erected during the past ten years in the Grand Central Zone in New York, where adjacent to the New York Central's tracks, and have proven eminently satisfactory. Now their use is spreading to other localities. In the November, 1930, issue of Lead a detailed description of similar mats and their application by the Pennsylvania Railroad in Phila delphia was given. In the summer of 1929 the New York Central opened its large new terminal in Buffalo. N. Y. Here again the building was vibration-proofed by setting its columns on lead-asbestos .mats. They are like those that the railroad has used so successfully in New York, consisting of top and bottom layers of A" sheet lead enclosing two layers of Y$" asbestos board, and at the center a sheet of No. 20 gage iron. This attention to detail was maintained through out the entire construction of the terminal. Appeal ing to the eye, the building is also admirably suited to care for its functions as a terminal. Mr. F. B. Freeman was Chief Engineer, and Fellheimer and Wagner of New York were the architects. [7] L IA 2 5 14 2 Home Builder Insures Satisfaction With White Lead A miniature farm, painted with white lead and oil paint HREE large-scale home-building developments Tof John H. McClatchv, who has been a builder of homes for nearly thirty years, in and around Phil adelphia call for white lead and oil in considerable quantities for painting. This high-grade paint is used for all exterior paint work and typifies the general high quality of materials employed in the construction of these homes. Often cheap materials go to make up the homes in real estate developments with the idea that the speculative builder's responsibility ends as soon as the house is erected and sold. Far-sighted builders go beyond this, however, and realize that they must use good materials to insure lasting satis faction and to cause satisfied buyers to pass on the word to others. By the use of white lead Mr. McClatchy can assure his prospective purchasers that they will not have to lay out several hundred dol- lars for repainting a year or two after they have taken possession of their new homes. The McClatchy developments are of three entirely distinct classes and exemplify the universal applica bility of good paint, pure white lead and oil. One is in the Sixty-ninth Street section of Philadelphia and consists of studio homes costing 6970. A second is in Overbrook, a Philadelphia suburb, where the homes range in cost from 18.500 up. The third is at Colonial Village, Wayne, Pa., and is made up of miniature farms on two and two-fifths acres of land. These latter sell for 22,750. Mr. Edward Haldeman of Philadelphia was the painting contractor on all of these enterprises. White lead was the choice for painting these $69^0 studio homes in Philadelphia Useful Information About Lead "| iSEFUL Information About Lead," the Association's new book announced in the January issue of Lead , is now ready for distribution. It will be sent to those requesting copies for a nominal charge of $.50 per copy, postpaid. It is stiff bound, contains 104 pages, and is profusely illustrated. Aside from in cluding comprehensive tables of the properties of lead, and the characteristics, manufacture and uses of lead compounds and alloys, it contains chapters on each of the principal lead-consuming industries such as cable, storage-batteries, paint, architecture, ammu nition, plumbing and chemical industries. It also deals briefly with the mining, smelting, refining, and history of lead. It is a book which everyone inter ested in lead should possess. The Lead Industries Association invites inquiries on any subject relating fto lead and will be glad to cooperate in the solution of your lead problems. LIA 2514 3 E