Document J3mkRQjYbXYmyzX4ee035gGEB
Ann *.1 1`hnimtnnl. T.n,, ,,! 1987 2787-III
HUMAN HEALTH EFFECTS OF POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS (PCBs) AND POLYBROMINATED BIPHENYLS (PBBs)1
Renate D. Kimbrough
Center Tor Environmental Health, Centers Tor Disease Control, Public Health Service, US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta. Georgia 30333
INTRODUCTION
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are chemical compounds with the empirical
formula C^io-nCI*. with n = 1-10. They are a mixture of chlorinated
biphenyl congeners. Theoretically, 209 such congeners are possible, but at
least 20 congeners have never been identified in commercial products. In
addition. PCBs may contain polychlorinated dibenzofurans and chlorinated
quaterphenyls as impurities. PCBs were discovered before the turn of the
century, and the useful industrial properties of mixtures obtained by chlorina
tion of biphenyl were recognized early. In 1966 the discovery of PCBs in
environmental samples (I) spurred renewed interest in the analysis and toxic
ity of these compounds.
In recent years many industrial nations have taken steps to control the flow
of PCBs into the environment. PCBs and PCB-containing formulations are
restricted (an exception is sometimes made for mono- and dichloro-PCB) for
most uses, except for categories such as closed-system electrical equipment
and hydraulic fluids in mining equipment.
Commercial production of PCBs began in the United States in the late
1920s. In 1971. Monsanto Chemical Company voluntarily stopped open-
ended uses of PCBs, and subsequently only the lower chlorinated biphenyls
The US Government has the right to retain a nonexclusive, royalty-free license in and to any copyright covering this paper.
87
"Reproduced, with permission, from the Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology. Volume 27, 9 1987 by
Annual Reviews Inc."
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