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498
Chapter 26
1945 Guide
Table 1. Average Maximum Water Main Temperatures3
Sun
ClTT '
T*HP. F
Stats
Trap.?
Ala_____ Birmingham-- Mobile_______
Ariz____
Phoenix.--------Tucson_______
Calif-----
Anaheim.. Berkeley------------
Fresno.--------------
Fullerton-----------
Glendale
Los Angeles"
Oakland------
Ontario------
Pasadena......
Pomona..
Riverside---------
Sacramento------
San Bemardino-
San Diego..
San Francisco-------
Whittier...-------------
ColoConn-
Denver----------------Bridgeport---------
Hartford
New Haven----
Waterbury------
D. C.. Del.-- Fla--
Washington----Wilmington----Jacksonville---. Miami_______
Tampa------------
Ga___
Atlanta.. Macon------------- -
111. -L
Chicago-------- ----Cicero
Evanston--
Peoria___
Rockford--
Springfield!.
Ind------ : Evansville-- Gary..
Indiaitapolis:----------
South Bend------
Terre Haute--
Iowa......... Cedar Rapids--.--
Des Moines------
Sioux City..----------
Kans.___ Concordia--s---- -- Kansas City.-----.
Topeka.---------.--
Wichita!
Ky.~ La___
Louisville________ Baton Rouge------New Orleans--
Me--
Md-- Mass-
Augusta-------------Baltimore-----------Boston.-------------
Cambridge----------
Fall River._____--
84
73
81 80 60
69 72
75 68 75 69 70 82
75 78 72
65 82
62
75 75 66 73 76 72
84 83 , 80 80 77 87 80
76 76
. 73 67 59 82
86
. 75 80 61
82 78 77 62
57 . 86
88
72
85 85
85 60
75 80 70
76
Mass..
LowelL. Lynn..
50 68.
New Bedford____
70 ...
Salem________.....
68
Worcester____i--
76
Mich____ Detroit___ ______ Flint-----------------Grand Rapids___
77
70 84
Highland Park__
77
Jackson___----- ---
56
Kalamazoo...... .
53
Lansing.________
64
Saginaw________
82'
Minn..
DuluthMinneapolis..-------
55 80
St. PauL.
77
Mo.--.
Jefferson City--- Kansas City-------
82 84
St. Joseph----- ------
84
St. Louis.------------
85 -
Springfield-----------
70
iNebr--------: Lincoln__________ Omaha...... .......... --
63 87
Nev----N. H-- N. J--
Reno. Manchester------------ ]
Jersey City---- :-- Newark._________
61 76
63 74
Paterson-------------
. 78
Trenton_____
79
N. Y_____ Albany-------Buffalo______
68 75
Jamaica..
56
Mt. Vernon______
74
New Rochelle-------
75
New York------------
72 .
Rochester.----- ------
70
Schenectady.------
60
Syracuse------1-------
74
Utica..
69
Yonkers_______ --
70
N. C,,
Asheville.----- ---! Charlotte------------
74 ' 85
Winston-Salem--
82
N. M.. Ohio--.
Albuquerque------Akron___________ Canton...
65 76 50
Cincinnati___.-------- 84
Cleveland_________ 74
Columbus.-------------- ' 82
Dayton______
60
Lakewood:________ : 82
Springfield-....... .'-- 72
Toledo.------------------ 83
Okla--
Oklahoma City-----Tulsa,
82 85
Ore....
Eugene Portland----------------
60 64
,. These averages taken from various city water main locations, with some actual values slightly higher and some lower than values shown..
' Spray Equipment
499
Tablb. 1. Average Maximum Water Main Temperatures*1 (Concluded)
Stats
Cirr
Tamp. F
Stats
ClTT Tnc*. P.
Pa
Erie.
__ __
Johnstown-
McKeesport_______
R. I______ Providence.________ S. C
Greenville__ ___ Spartanburg.___ ___
S. Dak-- Rapid City.________ Tenn_____ Chattanooga:_______
Knoxville_______ . Memphis.
NashviUe-- __
Austin......... i..,,. ___ Beaumont. ............ Dallas- .................
Fort Worth: Galveston____ _____
Utah_____
Port Arthur_______ San Antonio. .......... Wichita Falls.____
Salt Lake City.____
74 75 74 82 83
81 68 80 81
78 55 84
89
. 70 90 65 90
86 86 . 84 90 84
83 76 85 . 44 60
Va.
Lynchburg________ Norfolk.___________ Wash_____ Olympia....................
W. Va
Tacoma. _ . __ __
Huntington_____
Wheeling____:______
Wis_______ LaCrosse.MaHisnn
Milwaukee__ ;______
Racine.-- ._ __ __
PBOVCtCB
Alta______ Calgary.:
Rr
Ont_______ London.
__
Toronto
P. E.
. Charlottetown_____
-Quebec__............... --
75 73 80 58 62 51 57 85 78 78 54 58 70 68
64 60 50 63 .48 78 68
These averages taken from various dty water main locations* with some actual values slightly higher
and some lower than values shown.
,
ordinarily by first transferring the heat of the gas to water in a heat exchanger, from which water it may then be dissipated in a number of ways. If the plant is situated on the banks of a river or lake, an intake ;may be taken up-stream or at a considerable distance from the discharge, to prevent mixing of the heated discharged water with the inlet water. If the source of cooling water is a city supply, or a well, the discharge water may be run into the nearest sewer or open waterway. Lacking an unlimited water supply, or in cases where purchased water is too expensive or where the water available contains dissolved salts which would form scale on the heat-exchanging apparatus, it is necessary to recirculate the water, and to cool it after each passage through the heatexchanger by exposure to air in an atmospheric water cooling apparatus.
Air has a capacity for absorbing heat from water when the wet-bulb temperature of the air is lower than the temperature of the water with which it is in contact. The rapidity with which this transfer of heat occurs depends upon (1) the area of water in contact with the air, (2) the relative velocity of the air and water, and (3) the difference between the wet-bulb temperature of the air and the temperature of the water. The rate of heat dissipation is influenced further by many small factors1 prevailing upon these primary ones, and complicating the design. Selection of equipment for any specified service must ultimately rest in over-all economic considerations established from reliable performance data.
^Cooling Tower Performance Studies, by L. M. K. Boelter (A.S.H.V.E, Transactions, VoL 45, 1939, p. 615).
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