Document J33v6YgRkw8z33dvBmX94nqma

FILE NAME Manville JMA DATE 1968 - 1970 DOC JMA052 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION Asbestos Research St. Luke's Hospital Drs Wright & Gross Related Corr Grant Application & Letter CONFIDENTIAL June 19 1968 Dr. George W. Wright ; St. Lukes Hospital{ - --11311 ShakBelvrd. Cleveland Ohio 44104 Dear Dr. Wright Jack Solon related to products and I have discussed your interest manufacturing handling machining in the potential health pro and fabricating asbestos ; As you are probably aware we have established an industry committee to @ possible health problems in this area and prepare recommended health safet practices These would be in booklet form similar to the NIMA publications for asbestes and wineral fibers Some of the specific M products used in the Building and Construction Industry are Asbesteboard Asbastocite - flat and corrugated Asbestone Flexboard Colorbestos Thermostone Transite flat and corrugated Asbestos Ebony Chemstone Colorchip Transitop Asbestos Bulkheads Asbestos Extrusions - ACE Colorlith Asbestos Shingles - siding and Roofing Asbestos- Cement Transite Water and Sewage Pipe Transite Air Duct Transite Cable Tray Transite Core Plate Transite Conduit etc. Other manufacturerss produce similar types of products The composition of some of our asbestos products is approximately as follfolaa oniia ileal ins: . itos Fibre = 45 Chrysotile Asbestos Fibre Portland Coment 3. Corrugated Transite Chrysetile Asbestos Fibre Portland Cement Silica Flour - 30 - 70 ~ 40 - 35 - 25 Dr. George W. Wright -2- June 19 1968 4 Asbestos Roof Shingles Chrysotile Asbestos Fibre Silica Flour Fortland Cement - 24 - 32 - 64 5. Transite Pipe Chrysotile Asbestos Fibre Crocidolite Asbestos Fibre Portland Coment Silica We are concerned with two sources of health problems related to this material One is in the manufacturing plants where the product made The other is with fabrication and application contractors Most manufacturers are aware of the problem areas and have taken steps to control exposures We are not however aware of either the extent of the health problems or measures taken to control exposures among the fabricators and applicators Fabrication and application operations would include handling sawing drilling filing sanding etc. Our program vill therefore be simultaneously directed toward both manufacturers and applicators In order to provide you with some idea of potential exposures encountered in machining asbestos materials I am enclosing several Industrial Hygiene reports from our plants You will note that the particle counts are high even with mechanical dust collection equipment in use Without exhaust equipment the concentrations would be substantially heavier Ifthere is any additional information that you would like or if I can be of . further assistance please advise Sincerely yours CLS ems bec F. J. Solon - GHQ W. P. Raines - GHQ N H. M. Jackson - DHQ File & C. L. Sheckler Manager Occupational Environmental Control siete DIVISION OF MEDICINE SAINT LUKE'S HOSPITAL 11311 SHAKER BOULEVARD CLEVELAND OHIO 44104 APPLICATION FOR RESEARCH GRANT March 30 1970 TO Manville Corporation Twenty Two East Fortieth Street New York N. Y. 10016 Title of Investigation for which Support is Requested To Further Explore the Relationship Between the Dimension of Fibers and Their Ability to Produce Pulmonary Tissue Reaction Principal Investigator GeorgWe. Wright M.D. Head Dept. of Medical Research Saint Luke's Hospital 11311 Shaker Blvd. Cleveland Ohio 44104 ae Associate Principal Investigator Marvin Kuschner M. D. Professor of Pathology New York University School of Medicine New York City N. Y. Institution Where Investigation Will Be Carried Out Saint Luke's Hospital Make Checks Payable To Saint Luke's Hospital Name Title and Address of Financial Officer to Whom Check is to be Mailed Frank A. Oblak Controller Saint Luke's Hospital 11311 Shaker Blvd. Cleveland Ohio 44104 For the Period July 1 1970 to December 31 1972 Amount Requested 7/1/70 - 6/30/71 7/1/71 - 6/30/72 7/1/72 - 12/31/72 46,167 34,900 17,810 Name and Title of Official Authorized to Sign For the H Shoos Script Script Mr. Supt of St. LukeHarpitel send letter and check to Signature Investigator Principal Signature of Director of Division Mee BACKGROUND INFORMATION In contrast to the biological inertness of silicate * fi particles fibrous silicate in the form of asbestos both py- roxene and amphibole causes cellular reaction and fibrosis when lodged in lung tissue In contrast to the effect of size on the biological activity of free crystalline silica fibrous silicate as represented by asbestos is believed by 1 Gardner 2 Vorwald 3 Webster 1 4 5 Klosterkotter and King to become less rather than more active as the fibers become progress- ively shorter in length These investigators suggest that asbestos fibers shorter than 5 microns in length cause little or no tissue reaction 6 Holt is in disagreement with this Be a view and has reported data interpreted interpreted to indicate indicate that asbestos fibers shorter than 5 microns in length are just as diameter * A particle has a ratio less than 3 * A fiber has a diameter ratio greater than 3 active biologically as those of greater length The current and admittedly provisional or incom- pletely established view is that fibrous silicates produce their cellular and fibrogenic effects because of mechanical action rather than chemical or surface chemical activity 2 Vorwald has reported that long fibers of brucite a fib- rous form of magnesium hydroxide causes inflammation and fibrosis and cites this as evidence supporting the view that the injury is mechanical in nature In contrast however is the fact that fibers of glass an amorphous Seis ee silicate ? more than 1 micron in diameter and up to 200 microns long are biologically almost completely inert J Electron microscope EM studies of airborne asbestos dust and of the lungs of men exposed to such dust reveal that asbestos fibers smaller than can be visualized with the light microscope exist with and actually are more abundant than the fibers large enough to see with a light microscope This finding has raised the important question~ of what the role these EM sized fibers might be in the overall biologic reaction to asbestos 7 Gross has reported that synthetic chrysotile injected into guinea pig's lungs does not cause inflammation or fibrosis He attributed this lack of a reaction to the fact that the synthetic fibers were free of those trace metals common to naturally ? nos occurring fiber While this is a possibility it is equally possible that the absence of a tissue reaction is explainable on the basis that all of the synthetic fibers used by Gross were of a submicroscopic size and visible only with the electron microscope On the basis of the information now available the relationship between dimensions and shape of a substance and its biological effects remains moot This is especially true in the case of asbestos We believe this question deserves further study PROPOSED STUDY w= 8 It is possible to grow synthetic chrysotile fibers ; to a size that mimics the spectrum of light microscope- ? ~ ? sized fibers found in the lungs of men exposed to naturally ot| men i e f e an occurring occurring asbestos fiber Comparison of the biological effects of synthetic fibers of this length to those of the short or electron microscope would avoid the conflict- ing effect of trace metals and permit further clarification of the possible role of fiber length in the biologic effects of asbestos We propose introducing synthetic chrysotile fibers of three sizes into the lungs of guinea pigs by intratracheal injection and subsequent examination 300k of these lungs to observe whether or not biological effects occur to an equal degree in all three groups The animals will receive 50 mg each of one of the following categories of fiber Category 1 will consist of fibers all of which are submicroscopic in diameter and less than 5 microns in diameter asmat name consequently soventualy consequently soventualy consequently and length Category 2 will be composed predominantly of fibers of larger diameter and lengths up to 10 microns Category 3 will contain predominantly fibers of still greater dia- meter and lengths greater than 10 microns sme! id In Category 2 and 3 there will of course be some synthetic fibers of fiberes cynthetic cynthetic will the they all but submicroscopic size We propose also to study the effect of long and short natural chrysotile and crocidolite prepared in a fashion designed to retain the physicalchemical identity of asbestos Because of tracheal regurgitation and the spotty distribution of the injected material during intratracheal installation the dose of material relative to a volume of lung varies greatly For this reason no attempt will 2 i be made to use comparable total surface or m maass s s the /? 6 different sized fibers Because of the technical difficulty of being certain that areas of lung tissue will be examined that are identical to those where submicroscopic particles have come to rest a marker of some inert light microscope- sized material will be oe scopic sized fibers injected along with the submicro- 9 Davis has recently referred to his unpublished data 10 suggesting that when glass microfibrils having a diameter of less than 0.1 micron are introduced into the pleura of experimental animals a severe inflammatory and fibrotic reaction developes This is particularly true of the long glass fibers in contrast to the short ones This finding is in striking contrast to the relative inertness of glass fibers of varying length but having a diameter greater : than 1 micron .. J We propose to study the effect of long and short microfibers when placed in lung tissue by intratracheal a + installation We propose to inject 50 mg of microfibrils having a length less than 5 microns in one group of animals 50mg as heavy ? in contrast to another group that will receive 50 mg of microfibrils longer than 5 microns Bee better? Suitable control animals for these experiments will be established | All of the animals in the experiment will be 11 held isolated from other known noxious agents and appropriate numbers sacrificed at six months twelve months and twenty months for examination Whole lung sections will be examined by light microscope using suitable stain- : ing techniques and where appropriate electron microscope studies will also be made . | VALUE AND STUDY APPLICABILITY OF INFORMATION OBTAINED FROM THIS In addition to what might be considered the strictly scientific dividends relating to such things as chemical vs. surface vs. mechanical factors in the production of biological effects there are two values of a more applied oP a ae ne nature that might come from this study The first of these is that fiber technology is rapidly expanding and a better understanding of the role of shapes and dimensions of fibers 12 as they may be related to the presence or absence of bio- | logical effects might well influence the total field of fiber technology A second and perhaps more immediately important value of this study relates to the matter of electron microscope particles At this time the threshold limit value for airborne asbestos fiber is in I : terms of light microscope fibers greater than 5 microns in length With the recognition that submicroscopic fibers are even more prevalent both in the occupational and public environment than are light microscope fibers it is only a matter of time before the relative im- portance of the submicroscopic fiber will have to be Latte. There exists at this time some epidemiological data which can be interpreted as indicating that the sub- Co microscopic fibers are not as important from a biolo- gical point of view as are the larger fibers but more direct 13 experimental information would be helpful in arriving at a considered view of the problem as a whole In these studies it must be recognized that we are speaking in terms of that biological effect of fibers which is characterized by the development of a cellular reaction plus fibrosis and we are not considering the matter of carcinogenesis DURATION OF STUDY It is proposed that this study be initiated July 1 1970. A preliminary report of the results of the studies end of six months twelve months and twenty months of intrapulmonary fiber residence will be made as soon as practicable following each of the sacrifice periods A formal finished report will be made by December of 1972 14 While the investigators reserve the right to publish the results of their study in an acceptable scientific journal they will submit a full report of their studies to the sponsor of these studies prior to submitting a scientific report to one of the scientific journals Addendum 5/1/70 Further discussion of this proposal with Mr. Burnett and Dr. Pundsack led to the suggestion that additional asbestos and glass fiber dimensions could be prepared which would broaden the scope of the information to be gleaned from this study With the addition of these the study be- notnot only an examination of the effect of fibre length but alsoof diameter on the biological reaction of lining tissue to fibres of asbestos and glass Contrasting the effect of similar length natural to synthetic asbestos fibres will provide additional information on the role of trace metals fl fl - Respo flns oo A8021'80s 21's BUDGET ( PERSONNEL 70-6 12 mo Time s ^' 71-6 12 mo 72-12 6 mo Time s Time s G. Wright 15 - 15 - 15 - M. Kuschner 10 I 10 - 10 - | Animal Caretaker 100 | 9,250 100 9,500 70 | 3,500 | | | | | Ass't Animal Caretaker 40 3,000 40 3,200 | | | L. Grinnell 80 10,700 50 6,750 60 4,200 Research Ass't j S. Wise Res & 75 7,100 65 6,200 75 . 3,650 i Histology Tech . SUPPLIES Guinea Pigs Feed : Histology Syringes Etc. NO No. 500 | 3,000 ; 50 3,500 400 300 300 3,000 400 - No. - - 1,000 400 - EQUIPMENT ; Cages Fe - Services of Elec- tron Microscope Employee Benefits 10 2,350 4,000 3,005 Indirect Cost 35 10,517 -_ ~ TOTAL 57,122 - 3,000 2,565 8,977 43,892 1 3,000 1,135 3,970 GRAND TOTAL 20,855 / 121,869 PROTOCOL MATERIAL LENGTH u DIAMETER 1 Synthetic Chrysotile 1 Natural Chrysotile Coalinga 0.5 1 0.03 0.03 3 Synthetic Chrysotile 4 Natural Chrysotile Jeffrey 5 10 0.03 0.03 5 Synthetic Chrysotile Natural Chrysotile Jeffrey 10 0.03 7 Saline & Marker Control 8 Crocidolite 9 Crocidolite Webster UICC 10 0.5 Chrysotile Jeffrey ) Chrysotile Jeffrey 7~ Glass Microfibril Glass Microfibril 14 Glass 15 Glass ' Glass 17 Glass 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 0.5 0.05 0.05 1.0 1.0 3.0 3.0 18 Thermobestos get: ? 5 In this study 25 similar aged adult guinea pigs will be injected intratracheally with 50 mgms of each material Five will be sacrificed and prepared for histological examination at 6 months and 10 at each period of 1 and 2 years The suspension of those materials having a diameter less than 1 micron will also contain a biologically inert marker visible by the light microscope 15 REFERENCES 1 Gardner L. U. 1938 Silicosis and Asbestosis by Lanza A.J. Oxford University Press p 257 2 Vorwald A.J. et al 1951 Experimental Studies of Asbestosis A.M.A. Archives of Indus- trial Hygiene and Occupational Medicine Vol 3 p 3 Webster I. 1970 Personal Communication 4 Klosterkotter W. 1969 Personal Communication 5 King E.J. 1951 Thorax Vol 6 p 127 6 Holt O.F. 1965 Ann N.Y. Acad Sc Vol 152 : p 87 < 7 Gross Paul 1967 Fibrous Dust Studies Progress Report No. 2 Industrial Hygiene Foundation 8 Pundsack F. and Speil S. Personal Communication o 9 Davis J. Personal Communication to F. Pundsack CLS FILE July 8 1970 George W. Wright M. D. St. Luke's Hospital 11311 Shaker Blvd. Cleveland Ohio 44104 Re Fiber Glass Heat and Frost Insulators and Asbestos Workers Dear George Attached is a copy of an inquiry from the Alexandria the other day the Ky letter which Paul Gross Local Asbestos Workers wrote which in response to I referred to Since we are desirous of keeping abreast of all International I would appreciate it if you would forward to the inquiry you received activities of the copy of your reply Sincerely HMJ md Attachment Hugh M. Jackson Director of Industrial Relations Giry Giry Return COPY JUN 3 1970 412 687-2100 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE : 5231 CENTRE AVENUE FOUNDATION OF AMERICA INC PITTSBURGH PA 15232 June 16 1970 1 Mr. Richard R. Wuertz Jr. International Association of Heat and Frost Insulators and Asbestos Workers 31 Wright Court Alexandria Kentucky 41001 weds Dear Mr. Wuertz rhe Your letter of June 6 is at hand and I am writing to provide the infor- aps mation requested wiolenn In answering your question regarding health hazards presented by . +: trem an fibrous glass and asbestos lined ducts first let me point out that the bio- # a effects of these two materials have been carefully studied and that they are ee quite different in nature Asbestos can produce lung fibrosis asbestosis * and cancer in workers if exposure is sufficiently heavy and prolonged as in asbestos textile manufacturing and also in the tearing out of old asbestos- containing insulation for example For this reason the safe limits of dusti- ness for asbestos dust exposure have been set at a very low level an average of 5 fibers per ml longer than 5 ...with a ceiling limit of 10 fibers per ml From experience in the asbestos textile industry in Britain and the United 7 States it appears that these standards will successfully prevent not only fibrosis of the lungs but cancer as well in workers and In the case of fibrous glass dust despite extensive experimental human observations of animals and individuals exposed the equivalent ser -greater than 30 years the heaviest concentra- concentra- fi.producible in the laboratory or in the largest manufacturing plant there have been no signs of such lungfibrosis or cancer After reviewing all existing T~ Intended threshold limit value TLV for inert or nuisance dusts be applied to fibrous glass dust This value remains tentative : for a period of time to allow thosein possession of data suggesting need for a ; change in the standard to present such facts for consideration the best of - 3 my knowledge no such data have been forthcoming and therefore the TLV- TLV- i for fibrous glass as a nuisance dust may be considered technically sound and - valid Obviously therefore one should not speak in the same way of hazards of asbestos and fibrous glass dusts lest there be confusion and the recognized pathogenic capabilities of asbestos dust be applied in error to fibrous glass dust AN ASSOCIATION OF INDUSTRIES FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF HEALTHFUL WORKING CONDITIONS INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION OF AMERICA INC Mr. Richard R. June 15 1970 Page 2 Wuertz Jr. To proceed in answering your question we are aware of good data from the Kettering Laboratory at the University of Cincinnati which document that fibrous glass duct liner does not erode either under conditions of use or when subjected experimentally to air flows considerably higher than those encountered in use Because of the biological inertness of the glass fibers used and their incorporation into duct liner in such a way that erosion does not occur there can be no hazard to health whatsoever involved under conditions of proper use Regarding asbestos we are not aware of its use in duct liner It has been suggested by researchers who have studied containing mineral fiber spraying for fireproofing or decorative purposes that it is unsafe to allow air to pass through plenum chambers in which dust containing asbestos fibers may be added to the air intake of central building air conditioners A control procedure which has been suggested and is being tested involves over- ~~" spraying of such plenums with a polyethylene coating are not aware whether quantitative measurements before and after have been made but if so we have not yet seen these reported in the literature As the degree of control of asbestos fibers community air purposes must be as nearly absolute as possible it will be necessary in the public interest to document that the air system is not adding significantly to the background level of asbestos contaimination in urban air Because of this thought is being given to substitution of asbestos mineral fiber spray materials which meet technical performance specifications Another solution proposed has been the application of formed asbestos panels or coating of steel structural parts to eliminate completely need for the fiber spraying operation In conclusion let me say that I hope the above information will be sufficient answer your question which was quite general in nature I shall be happy attempt to provide further assistance if you will be as specific as possible concerning the area in which your interest lies Sincerely yours PG bcc Dr. Lee B. Grant Dr. Jon L. Konsen Mr. Hugh M. Jackson Mr. R. L. Strickland Paul Gross M. Director Research Laboratory DIVISION OF MEDICINE SAINT HOSPITAL LUKE'S SAINT LUKE'S LUKE'S i - i 11311 SHAKER BOULEVARD CLEVELAND OHIO 44104 (iy August 11 1970 Mr. Clint B. Burnett President Manville Corporation Twenty Two East Forticth Street New York New York 10016 Dear Clint Being required to make a statement and recommendation with respect to the potential hazard of asbestos fiber in the public air and the need for controlling the same the National Air Pollution Control Administration asked the National Academy ~ of Sciences of the U.S.A. to designate a committee study this matter and bring in a report This committee has been formed and ultimately will report to a larger committee under the Chairmanship of Dr. Arthur DuBois and this committee in turn will make its recommendation to NAPCA The second meeting of this committee was held New York last Thursday By 1972 we are expected to have a fully developed and documented recommendation but prior to that time and it is hoped before the end of this year we are expected to make a recommendation as to whether or not an interim control procedure is needed and is feasible In the light of lack of knowledge and a wish to avoid prematurity we have been asked to not set any kind of standard in terms of a number It is possible however that something in the way of a number may actually come out in spite of this From our two sessions thus far I gather that they want to pinpoint the sources of public air contamination by asbestos her and to obtain controls are needed at these a consensus sources and on whether or not some whether such controls are feasible at this time Based upon what I know now I would think that all manufacturing sources and in this I would include milling will be asked to reduce any output of fiber from the factory involved to the lowest level feasible taking into consideration the kind of ventilation and filtering devices currently available Sources such as the actual mining operation disposal Mr. Clint B. Burnett -2- August 11 1970 of solid waste road surfacing and similar uses of asbestos asbestos will be far more difficult to control and I have the impression impression that they will permit this to continue until further recommendations are brought in in 1972. They may wish to make some specific tech- recommendations about solid nologies now exist that are waste disposal and mining if of a conventional nature andmight be introduced without undue hardship The group seems to be well aware of the fact that specific information on which to base severe do not limitations or exist and will permit continuance of the status quo have to be obtained in the very near simply future In this data on regard I indicated that these matters and that I Manville had some scant would ask whether or not this information could be made available I think that it would be well for the next us to try to two or three of the factories with get a little additional information in weeks especially data in the neighborhood and without control measures in cffect On Friday of last week I attended a meeting in Corning New York having to do with the question of whether or ~ not the public is being exposed in a hazardous way to fibrous glass This meeting was called by a Subcommittee of the Committee on Occupational Health Dr. Lewis Cralley and have Dr. Cralley indicated of the American College of Chest Physicians Clark Cooper serve on that Subcommittee Subcommittee to us that he would like to available to him a statement about the likelihood of a public hazard from fibrous plagued glass from an authoritative agency since by requests for that kind of information he is being from a number of sources A good many of us would agree with the desirability of this but all of us fear a poor statement or on inflammatory one that might be biased It had been my understanding and that of a number of others who were at the meeting that Dr. Scheppers was going to present some data on the fibrogenecity in animals secondary to contact with fibrous glass He did not come to the meeting however The upshot of the meeting was that it would have been nice if no one had raised the issues but since it has been raised perhaps the committee that raised it might do something about it especially if it could he arranged to have individuals who actually know something about the problem as members of the Subcommittee This should not be interpreted that any of us wanted an unwarranted playing down of the question I am sure that you recognize that this whole matter is in a large measure trumped up and supported by the jurisdictional Mr. Clint B. Burnett -3- August 11 1970 problem of the Heat and Frost Insulators vs. the Sheet Metal Workers If they would drop the issue I am sure that we would not be involved in the matter of some kind of authoritative statement from the medical profession being needed With best wishes Sincerely yours GWW CC Dr. Mr. Tom Davison A.B. Marchant Hugh Jackson George W. Wright M.D. wry December 17 1968 Dr. Klosterkotter Ruhn University Essen West Germany Dear Dr. Klosterkotter Dr. George Wright recently informed me of your desire for a bar made of chrysotile which you could use to supply fiber for inhalation exposures Under separate cover I am sending you a sample of chrysotile asbestos designated by our Identification No. 3778-83-1 This was made by slurrying relatively clean chrysotile fiber Manville Plastibest 20 casting the resultant slurry in a mold and then pressing it approximately 400 aq in The resultant sheet was then dried at 175C Sah: o Bek that this material will be satisfactory for your application and ope ild be very interested in learning any results that you obtain in your Very truly yours 86 rs CC Dr. George Wright St. Luke's Hospital 11311 Shaker Boulevard Cleveland Ohio 44104 Dr. Sidney Speil Director Corporate Research & Development bcc H. M. Jackson - DH F. L. Pundsack S. Speil Att J. P. Leineweber