Document J30ERoydYJpjrqrJoeJxD803Z

Kt^ Fiom the desk ol W . b l'Al'ACLOKUi 11/7/75 Copies to: D. R. Bishop W. C. Hammann C. Pa ton R. A. Pohl R. 0. Potter D. L. Sllney J. C. Weber W. W, Wltho-rs/T. H. Bottini D. Wood j. j. Zeman HONS DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION. AND WELFARE PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE CENTER FOR OISEASE CONTROL November A, 1975 NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH 5600 FISHERS LANE ROCKVILLE, MARYLANO 20152 Mr. W. B. Papageorge Speciality and Process Chemicals Division Monsanto Industrial Chemicals Company 800 North Lindberg Boulevard St. Louis, Missouri 63166 Dear Mr. Papageorge: Thank you for your assistance in providing us with information on polychlorinated biphenyls. Enclosed is a copy of the current Intelligence bulletin on poly chlorinated biphenyls which was released yesterday afternoon. Sincerely Enclosure Harvey P. Stein, Ph.D. Chemis t Priorities Evaluation Branch Office of Occupational Health Surveillance and Biometrics MQNS 092912 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. EDUCATION, AND WELFARE PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE CENTER FOR DISEASE CONTROL NATIONAL INSTITUTE FCJH OCCUI'A 11 ONAL SAFETY AND HE ALT H *600 FISHERS I.ANE ROCKVILLE. MARYLAND 2065? NOV 3 1975 Dear Colleague: The enclosed background material has been prepared by this office to inform the occupational health community of current knowledge concerning industrial uses and toxicity of poly chlorinated biphenyls. Your comments and suggestions for changes to future reports are solicited. Enclosure ArVi J. William Lloyd, ScA.D." Director Office of Occupational Health Surveillance and Biometrics MONS 092913 BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS Office of Occupational Health Surveillance and Biometrics National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health November 3, 1975 MONS 09*91* POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS Introduction , Reports of adverse health effects in humans and the demonstration of carcinogenic effects in certain animal species have led to the reexamination of the distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the environment and the potential health effects of human exposure. Because the Industrial environment represents the major source of potentially high exposures to PCBs, the National Institute for Occuptional Safety and Health (NIOSH) has gathered pertinent information on the manu facture, uses, and reported deleterious effects of polychlorinated biphenyls and is advising the occupational health community of these hazards. Background Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) describe a group of synthetic chlorinated organic compounds having the following structure: zz zz where each of the ten Z*8 can represent either a hydrogen or a chlorine atom. There are two hundred nine different chlorinated biphenyls and they are collectively referred to as PCBs although many are not actually polychlorinated. Approximately half of these compounds have been synthesized and characterized. MGNS 09*915 -2- Mlxtures of polychlorinated biphenyls are important Industrial products. The roost common tradenames for these mixtures are Aroclor,* be d Inerteen, Kanechlor, and Pyranol. Other known tradenames for PCD- contalnlng products are listed in Table I. PCB-containing dielectrics (electrical insulators) are generally referred to as "askarels" in the electrical industry. Mixtures of polychlorinated biphenyls are very resistant to degredatlon, arc thermally stable, and resistant to oxidation, acids, bases, and other chemical agents. They are soluble In roost of the common organic solvents and lipids, but only slightly soluble in water, glycerol, and glycols. PCBs are good electrical Insulators. Although most individual polychlorinated biphenyls are solids at room temperatures, the mixtures vary in consistency from mobile oils to viscous liquids or sticky resins. PCBs are generally prepared industrially by the chlorination of biphenyl with anhydrous chlorine in the presence of iron filings or a ferric chloride catalyst. Trace quantities of chlorinated naphthalenes and chlorinated dibenzofurans have been reported In some commercial samples of PCBs and it has been suggested that the presence of these impurities may be of toxicological significance.(I,2,3) * Aroclor is a registered trademark of the Monsanto Company. b Inerteen la a registered trademark of the Westinghouse Electric Corporation for its brand of PCB containing dielectric fluids. c Kanechlor is a registered trademark of the Kanegafuchl Chemical Industry Company, Ltd. d Pyranol is a registered trademark of the General Electric Company for Its brand of PCB containing dielectric fluids. Q91*lb *o**s -3- Commcrcial PCBs arc generally mixtures of many different chlorinated biphenylsi as shown in Table II, manufactured to meet operational specifications (such as dielectric constant, flash point, fire point, density, percent chlorine, and color); these commercial mixtures may vary chemically from batch to. batch. PCBs have found wide use in industry and have been manufactured in the United States since 1929. The major domestic manufacturer, Monsanto Company, produces PCBs at Sauget, Illinois and reports manufacturing 40 million pounds of PCBs in the United States during 1974 (down from 85 million pounds in 1970). (4) Monsanto's domestic production and sales of PCBs by grade and category from 1957 through the first quarter of 1975 are shown In Tabic III. Uses PCBs are employed in capacitors and transformers because they combine attractive dielectric properties with chemical stability and fire resistance. Approximately twice as many pounds of PCBs are used in the manufacture of capacitors as in the manufacture of transformers. Prior to the environmental concern surrounding the persistence and ubiquitousness of PCBs,(5) they were more widely used in industry as fluids for heat transfer systems, hydraulic systems, gas turbines, and vacuum pumps, as fire retardants, and as plasticizers in adhesives, textiles, surface coatings, sealants, printing, and carbonless copy paper. Beginning in 1971, Monsanto voluntarily restricted its domestic sales of PCBs to closed system dielectric applications in capacitors and transformers.(6) Other current domestic applications of PCBs Include use In Investment casting processes, as heat exchange fluids, and as hydraulic MQAJS 09*917 -4- fluids. Imports of PCBs have been estimated to exceed 375,000 pounds for 1974. Reclaimed PCBs also are reported to be available. (7) More than 95 percent of all power capacitors contain PCBs. Among their applications are use on electric utility lines, in air conditioners, and in the ballast of,,fluorescent lamp fixtures. PCBs are employed for safety, reliability, and long life, as well as to achieve size compatibility with equipment and installation requirements. However, non- PCB power capacitors are being manufactured (e.g.. General Electric's Econol line and Sprague's Eccol line) which may serve as alternatives.(8) PCBs are employed in transformers at locations where their proximity to people and/or property demand a fire resistant dielectric. Approximately 5 percent of transformers are PCB filled and each of the transformers so filled contains between 40 and 500 gallons of PCBs (about 235 gallons is average). Possible alternatives to PCB filled transformers may include dry transformers (which are larger) as well a3 transformers filled with 6lllcone fluids or other materials under evaluation.(R,9) Chlorinated terphenyls, as well as PCBs, are used in some formulations of wax for investment casting processes.(8) The chemical structure of chlorinated terphenyls resembles that Df PCBs. Chlorinated terphenyls have been reported to have toxicological effects similar to those of PCBs.(10) Approximately 330,000 pounds of chlorinated terphenyls were imported into the United States during 1974(11) and 125,532 pounds during 1973.(12) Toxicity PCBs are poorly metabolized and tend to accumulate in animal tissues, Including humans.(13,14,15,16,17) The accumulation, particularly in HONS 0929 IQ -5- tlssucs and organs rich in lipids, appears to be higher In the case of pcnta and more highly chlorinated biphenyls.(18) Studies have revealed PCBs in human fat tissue and blood plasma. PCBs, in amounts greater than 2 parts per million, were reported in 198 of 637 (31 percent) samples of human fat tissue taken from the general population of 18 states and the District of Columbia.(14) PCB residues ranging up to 29 parts per billion have also been found in A3 percent of 616 plasma samples collected from volunteers in a southeastern U.S. county.(15) ' Human: The known toxic effects of PCBs in humans include an acnclike skin eruption (chloracne), pigmentation of the skin and nails, excessive eye discharge, swelling of eyelids, and distinctive hair follicles.(19) For a number of years, chloracne of the face and neck has been reported among workers exposed to chlorinated hydrocarbons. Workers exposed to PCBs in the process of insulating cables,(20) in the production of condensers(21) and in the manufacture of chlorobiphenyls(22) have reported these skin lesions along with systemic effects such as digestive disturbances, edema of the face and hands, burning of the eyes, impotence, and hematuria.(16,22) * The toxic effects of PCBs in humans are further illustrated by a 1968 outbreak of poisoning in Japan that involved over 1,000 people who ingested PCB contaminated rice bran oil for a period of several months. The contamination of the oil (estimated 1,500 to 2,000 ppm) occurred when heat transfer pipes immersed in the oil during processing developed pin- sired holes. The clinical aspects of the poisoning included chloracne, hONS 092919 -6brown pigmentation of the skin and nails, distinctive hair follicles, increased eye discharge, swelling of eyelids, transient visual disturbance, and systemic gastrointestinal symptoms with Jaundice(19). In some patients, symptoms persisted 3 years after PCB exposure was discontinued. Infants Sorn to poisoned mothers had decreased birth weights, and showed skin discoloration due to PCB placental passage. Two stillbirths to PCB exposed women were also reported.(23) Animal: The toxic effects of PCBs in animals have been studied extensively. Reports of malignant, non-malignant, and reproductive effects are shown in the following three tables*. HALICNANT PATHOLOGIC EFFECTS INDUCED BY PCBS IN ANIMALS PCB Mixture Treatment. Animal Kanechlor 500(24) Kanechlor 400 Kanechlor 300 500 ppm, 250 ppm and 100 ppm In diet for 32 weeks Mice Aroclor 1254(25) 300 ppm in diet Klee for 6 A 11 months Aroclor 1200(26) 100 ppm In diet for 21 months Rats Effects Liver weight Increased with percent chlorine and dosage. Kanechlor 400 ond 500 produced liver cell hypertrophy. 500 ppm of Kanechlor 500 produced hyper plastic nodules in 7 of 12 mice and hepatocellular carcinomas In 5 of 12 mice Mo nodules or carcinomas In controls Increased liver weight. Adenofibrosis In all mice fed for 11 months. None of 22 mice fed for 11 months had hepatomas. One of 24 mice fed for 6 months had a hepatoma. No hepatomas In control mice. Hepatocellular alteration In 183 of 184 rsts fed PCBs and in 28 of 173 control rats. Neoplastic nodulos in 26 of 184 PCD fed rata and none in control rats. Hepatocellular carelnomos in 26 of 184 rats fed PCBs and in 1 of 173 control rata. HONS 092920 -7- NON-MALIGNANT PATHOLOCIC EFFECTS INDUCED BY PCBS IN ANIMALS PCB Mixture Anlmnl Route of Administration Effects ACUTE EFFECTS Unspecified Culnca Pigs Product Rats Containing Rabbits 42 Z Chlorine(27) Subcutaneous Injection Skin application Feeding Fatty degeneration and central atrophy of the liver. Aroclor 1242(28) Aroclor 1254 Guinea pigs Rats Mice Rabbits Cat Inhalation Aroclor 1242 produced no ill effects on basis of mortality, growth, pathology, organ enlargement, liver function, or hematological changes. Aroclor 1254 produced no harm ful effects regarding growth or mortality, but did produce enlarged livers with micro scopic evidence of hepatic cellular injury. Aroclor 1248(29) Monkeys Feeding Weight loss, hair loss, mouth and eyelid edema, acneform lesions, decreased hemoglobin and hemato crit, severe gastric mucosal ulceration and extreme hypertrophy of the liver.' ' CHRONIC EFFECTS Aroclor 1254(30) Rats Aroclor 1260 Feeding Hypertrophy of the liver cells, a brown pigment In the Kupffer cells, lipid accumulation In tho cytoplasm of hcpatocytea and adenofibrosis. 092^21 MON* -8- REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS OF PCBS IN ANIMALS FCB Mixture Animal Route of Administration Effects Aroclor 1242(31) Aroclor 1254 Aroclor 1260 Chicken* Feeding Aroclor 1242 and 1254 reduced egg production and hatchability and caused chin eggshells. Aroclor 1260 produced no harmful effects. Aroclor 1254(32) Mallards Bobwhltca Feeding No adverse effects. Aroclor 1254(33) Pheasant Feeding Reduced egg production and hatchability. Aroclor 1254(34) Mink Feeding Severely affected reproduction. Aroclor 1248(29) Female monkeys Feeding . Roduced ability to bocoma pregnant. Pregnancies produced small infants with PCBs In tissues. MQNS 0929ZZ -9Occupatlonnl Exposure It la estimated that 12,000. people are occupationally exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls. The majority of these exposures are in capacitor production and in investment casting processes. Permissible Occupational*Exposure The current Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Department of Labor standards for chlorinated biphenyls are 1 mg/cubic meter for 42 percent chlorine mixtures and .5 mg/cubic meter for 54 percent chlorine mixtures. These are based on the Threshold Limit Values (TLV) established by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists.(35) MONS 092923 BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Hut7.1riser, 0. Safe, S., and Zitko, V,: The Chemistry of PCB's, CRC Press. Cleveland, Ohio, p. 22, 1974 2. Bowes, G.W., Mulvlhill, M.J., Simoneit, B.R.T., Burlingame, A.L., and Rlsebrough, R.W.: Identification of Chlorinated Dibenzofurans in American Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Nature, 256:305, 1975 3. Curley, A., Burse, V.W., Jennings, R.W., Villanueva, E.C., and Kimbrough, R.D.: Evidence of Tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF) in Aroclor 1254 and the Urine of Rats Following Dietary Exposure to Aroclor 1254, Bui Environ Contam and Toxicol, 14(2):153-58, 1975 4. Communication from Monsanto Industrial Chemicals Company, St. Louis, Mlfjsouri, September, 1975 5. Interagency Task Force on PCBs: PCBs and the Environment, COM-72 10419, Washington, DC, March 20, 1972 6. Polychlorinated Biphenyls: Monsanto Company's Program of Restricted Sales and Controlled Manufacturing Practices, Monsanto Industrial Chemicals Company, St. Louis, Missouri, October, 1974 7. Glenn Schweitzer, Office of Toxic Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, testimony at an August, 1975, Wisconsin hearing, quoted in Toxic Materials News, p. 139, September 15, 1975 8. Personal communications with representatives of the Industry, October 1975 9. Dow Corning Dielectric Liquids for Power Transformers, Dow Corning Corporation, Midland, Michigan, received September, 1975 (booklet not dated) 10. Allen, J.R., Abrahamson, L.J., and Norback, D.H.: of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Triphenyls on the Environmental Research, 6:344-54, 1973 Biological Effects Subhuman Primate, 11. Telephone conversation with a representative of the U.S. International Trade Commission, Washington, DC, September, 1975 ' 12. U.S. Tarrlff Commission: Imports of Benzoid Chemicals and Products, Washington, DC., p. 24, 1973 13. Biros, F.J., Walker, A.C., and Medbery, A.: Polychlorinated Biphenyls In Human Adipose Tissue, Bull Environ Contam and Toxicol, 5:317-23, 1970 14. Yobs, A.R.: Levels of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Adipose Tissue of the General Population of the Nation, Environmental Health Perspective, 1:79-80, 1972 . MGNS 09292* 15. Fink lea, J.( Prlcster, L.E., Creason, J.P., Hauser, T`., Hinners, T., and Hammer, D.I.: Polychlorinated Biphenyl Residues In Human Plasma Expose a Major Urban Pollution Problem, AJPH, 62(5) :645-51, 1972 16. Kimbrough, R.D.: The Toxicity of Polychlorinated Polycyclic Compounds and Related Chemicals, Critical Reviews Toxicology, CRC Press, Inc., 2(4):445-98, 1974 17. International Agency for Research on Cancer, IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man, 7:261-89, 1974 18. Hutzlnger, 0., et al., op. cit., p. 2 19. Kuratsune, M., Yoshimura, T., Matsuzaka, J., and Yamasuchi, A.: Yusho, a Poisoning Caused by Rice Oil Contaminated with Polychlorinated Biphenyls, HSMHA Health Reports, 36:1083-91, 1971 20. Fulton, W.B. and Matthews, J.L.: A Preliminary Report of the Dermatological and Systemic Effects of Exposure to HexachloroNaphthalene and Chloro-Dlphenyl, Bureau of Industrial Standards, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, 1936 21. Mayers, M.R. and Sllverberg, M.G.: Skin Conditions Resulting from Exposure to Certain Chlorinated Hydrocarbons, J Indust Hyg Toxicol, 20:244-58, 1938 . 22. Schwartz, L.: Dermatitis from Synthetic Resins and Waxes, Am J Pub Health, 26:586-92, 1936 23. Miller, R.W.: Cola-colored Babies, Chlorobiphenyl Poisoning in Japan, Teratology, 4:211-12, 1971 24. ItO| N., Nagasaki, H., Aral, M., Masayuki, A., Maklura, S., Suginara, S., and Hirao, K.: Histopathologic Studies on Liver Tumorigenesis Induced in Mice by Technical Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Its Promoting Effect on Liver Tumors Indtced by Benzene Hexachloride, JNCI, 51(5);1637-46, 1973 25. Kimbrough, R.D. ' and Linder, R.E.: Induction of Adenofibrosis and Hepatomas of the Liver In BALB/cJ Mice by Polychlorinated Biphenyls (Arodor 1254), JNCI, 53(2) :547-52, 1974 26. Kimbrough, R.D., Squire, R.A., Linder, R.E., Strandberg, J.D., Montali, R.J;, and Burse, V.W.: Induction of Liver Tumors In Rats by Polychlorinated Biphenyl Aroclor 1260, JNCI, (in press), December, 1975 27. Miller, J.W.: Pathologic Changes In Animals Exposed to a Commercial Chlorinated Diphenyl, Pub Health Reports, pp. 1085-93, August 18, 1944 HONS 0929^5 28. Trcon, J.F., Cleveland. F.P., Cappell, J.W., and Atchlcy, R.W.: Toxicity of the Vapors of Aroclor 1242 and Aroclor 1254, An Ind 'Quart, 17:204-13, 1956 The Hyg 29. Allen, J.R.: Response of Primates to PCB Exposures, Federation Proceedings, 34:1675-79, 1975 30. Kimbrough, R.D., Lipder, R.E., and Gaines, T.B.: Changes in Liver of Rats Fed Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Health, 25:354-64, 1972 Morphological Arch Environ 31. Keplinger,M.L., Fancher, O.E., and Calandra, Studies with Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Toxicol 19:402, 1971 Appl J.C.:Toxicologic Pharmacol, 32. Heath, R.G., Spann, J.W., Kreitzer,' J.R., and Vance, C.: Effects of Polychlorinated Biphenyls on Birds, Proc 15th Intern Omithol Congr, Leiden, Holland, p. 476, 1972 33. Dahlgrcn, R.B., Linder, R.L., and Carlson, C.W.: Biphenyls: Their Effects on Penned Pheasants, Perspect, 1:89, 1972 Polychlorinated Environ Health 34. Ringer, R.K., Aulerich, R.J., and Zabik, M.: Effect of Dietary Polychlorinated Biphenyls on Growth and Reproduction of Mink, ACS Div Water Air and Waste Chemistry, Preprints of Papers 12:149, 1972 35. Federal Register, Vol. 37, No. 202, p. 22140, Wednesday, October 18, 1972 09^ib TABLE I TRADENAMES FOR KNOWN PCB CONTAINING PRODUCTS Tradename Aroclor Chlorextol Clophcn Dykanol Fenclor Inerteen Kanechlor Noflamol Fhenoclor Pyralene Pyranol Santo them Thcrainol* Tradename Owner , Monsanto Company St. Louis, MO Allis-Chalmers Milwaukee, WI Farbenfabricken Bayer GmbH Germany Federal Pacific Electric Co. Newark, NJ Caffaro S.P.A. Italy Westinghouse Electric Corp. Pittsburgh, PA Kanegafuchi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. 4 Japan Wagner Electric Corporation Newark, NJ Prodelec France Prodelec France General Electric Co. Schenectady, NY Mltsubishi-Monsanto Japan Monsanto Co. St. Louis, MO .Therroinol products now formulated In the U.S. do not contain PCBs. mons 9 7 6 7 6 0 SNOW TA3LS II DESCRIPTION OF PCS MIXTURES Aroclor 1221* Aroclor 1016*4* * Aroclor 12424 Aroclor 1254* Aroclor 1260b Approximate Chlorine Content 2IX 422 42Z 54X 60Z Components Biphenyl n <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Konochlorobiphenyls 51 1 1 <0.1 Dichloroblphenyls 32 20 16 . 0.5 Trlchlorobiphenyls 4 57 49 1 Tetrachlorobiphenyls 2 21 25 21 Pentachloroblphenyls <0.5 1 8 48 12 Hexachloroblphenyls none detected Bepcachloroblphenyls none detected <0.1 none detected 1 <0.1 23 6 38 41 Occachloroblphenyls none detected none detected none . none detected; detected 8 Nonachloroblphenyls . 1 Kaechlor 300c 42Z 17 60 23 0.6 Kanechlor 400c 48Z 3 33 44 16 5 Kanechlor 50QC 53Z 5 27 55 13 Axoclor Is a registered trademark of the Monsanto Company, Kanechlor is a registered trademark of the Kanegafuchi Chemical Industry Company, Ltd. It must he emphasized that these are approximate compositions of the PCB mixtures and that a particular product .may vary In chemical composition from batch to batch. 4 Weight-weight percent. None detected - less than O.OIZ. Source of component composition!: Monsanto Company, quoted in Hutxlnger, 0., et al., op. clt., p. 23 b Percent. Source of component compositions: Thruston, A., PCB Newsletter, No. 3, July 1971, quoted la Butzlnger, 0., et al., op. cic., p. 23 c Percent. Source of component compositions: Ito, N., et al., op. clt., p. 1637 MONS 0 9 2 9 2 9 TA3LE III 1965 O.S. PRODUCTION DOMESTIC SALES U.S. EXPORT SALES 60480 51796 4234 DOMESTIC SALES BY CATEGORY 1966 65849 59078 6852 PC3 MANUFACTURE AND SALES MONSANTO INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS COMPANY 1965 THROUGH 1975 (Thousands of Pounds) 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 75309 62466 8124 82854 65116 11231 76389 67194 10624 85054 73061 13651 34994 34301 38600 26408 6388 1973 42178 37742 8346 (1st quarter) 1974 1975 40466 34406 5395 8532 7986 1538 Heat Transfer Hydraulics/ Lubricants Misc. Industrial Transformer Capacitor Plasticizer Applications Petroleum Additives 1237 4616 1841 8657 23749 11696 " DO?!ESTIC SALES BY PCB GRADE 1766 4258 1779 8910 28884 13481 -- 2262 4643 1426 11071 29703 13361 -- 2529 5765 1283 11585 29550 14404 -- 3050 8039 1079 12105 25022 16460 1439 3958 7403 1627 13828 26708 19537 -- 3060 752 1552 0 1155 0 11134? 14141j' 25656 37742 3259 -- 0 0 34406 7986 Aroclor 1221 Aroclor 1232 Aroclor 1242 Aroclor 1248 Aroclor 1254 Aroclor 1260 Aroclor 1262 Aroclor 1268 Aroclor 1016 369 528 442 136 507 1476 2215 171 35 57 10* 7 16 25 90 273 260 171 0 0 0 0 31533 39557 43055 44853 45491 48588 21981 728 6200 6207 2201** 5565 5015 4704 4894 5650 4073 213 807 0 0 0 7737 7035 6696 8891 9822 12421 4661 3495 7976 6185 2115** 5831 5875 6417 5252 4439 4890 1725 305 0 0 0 558 768 840 720 712 1023 1 0 0 0 0 196 284 287 280 300 330 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 0 0 0 0 0 3334 20902 23531 21955 3660* * Used primarily in capacitors ** Used primarily in transformers 092930 U.S. PRODUCTION DOMESTIC SALES U.S. EXPORT SALES DOMESTIC SALES BY CATEGORY Heat Transfer Hydraulics/Lubricants Miscellaneous Industrial Transformer Capacitor Plasticizer Applications Petroleum Additives DOMESTIC SALES BY PCB GRADE Aroclor 1221 Aroclor 1232 Aroclor 1242 Aroclor 1248 Aroclor 1254 Aroclor 1260 Aroclor 1262 Aroclor 1268 Aroclor 1016 1957 (i) 32299 (2) ___ 1612 704 12955 17028 (1) 23 196 18222 1779 4461 7587 31 -- 'ABLE III (continued) PCB MANUFACTURE AND SALES MONSANTO INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS COMPANY 1957 THROUGH 1964 (Thousands of Pounds) 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 in 26061 (2) (i) 31310 (2) 37919 35214 (2) 36515 37538 (2) 38353 38043 (2) 1963 44734 38132 3647 ___ 1549 755 5719 14099 3939 ___ 2685 1569 5984 16499 4573 2523 1559 7921 16967 6244 _ 4110 2114 6281 15935 9098 157 3915 1681 7984 15382 8924 582 3945 1528 7290 15606 9181 16 113 10444 2559 6691 5982 184 72 -- 254 240 13598 3384 6754 6619 359 102 -- 103 155 18196 2827 6088 7330 326 189 -- 94 241 19827 4023 6294 6540 361 158 -- 140 224 20654 3463 6325 6595 . 432 210 -- 361 13 18510 5013 5911 7626 414 284 -- 1964 50833 44869 4096 929 4374 1692 7997 19540 10337 596 13 23571 5238 6280 8535 446 190 -- (l) Production figures and Plasticizer Applications figures unavailable during year indicated. (2) U.S. Export Sales figures unavailable during year Indicated.* * SOURCE: Monsanto Industrial Chemicals Company, St. Louis, Missouri, September, 1975.