Document J2nBpkZzQQ1Gd3p4GpomZXLZ

604 CHAPTER 27 1952 Guide PIPE INSULATIONS Pipe insulations are of several general forms and are made of various types of material. The most common form is the rigid sectional covering either split longitudinally into halves or cut through on one side and scored on the other, to facilitate assembling on pipes. Preformed ma- Table 1. Heat Losses fbom Horizontal Babe Steel Pipes Expressed infitu per (hour) (linear foot) (Fahrenheit degree difference between the pipe and surrounding still air at 70 F) Nominal Size (Inches) 14 ` 1Ju 18 2H 2U{ 5 6 10 12 120 F Hot Water 150 F 180 F 210 F 227.1 F (5 Lb) Steam 299.7 F (50 Lb) 337.9 F (100 Lb) 60 F 0.455 0.555 0.684 0.847 v 0.958 1.180 1.400 . 1.680 1.900 2.118 2.580 3.036 3.880 4.760 5.590 80 F . 0.495 0.605 0.743 0.919' 1.041 1.281 1.532 - 1.825 2.064 2.302 2:804 3.294 4.215 5.180 6.070 Temperature Difference ' , 110 F - 140 F 0.546 0.666 0.819 1.014 1.148 1.412 1.683 2.010 2.221 2.534 3.084 3.626 .4.638 5.680 6.670 . 0.584 0.715 0.877 1.086 1.230 1.512 1.796 2.153 2.433 2.717 3.303 3.886 4.960 6.090 7.145 157.1 F 0.612 0.748 0.919 1.138 1.288 1.578 ' 1.883 2.260 2.552 2.850 3.470 4.074 5.210 6.410 7.500 227.7 F* 267.9 F 0.706 0.866 1.065 1.324 1.492 1.840 2.190 2.630 2.974 3.320 4.050 4.765 . 6.100 7.490 8.800 1 0.760 0.933 1:147 1.425 1.633 1.987 C.363 2.840 3.215 3.590 4.385 5.160 6.610 8.115 9.530 Table 2.. Heat Loss fbom Hobizontal Tarnished Coppeb Pipe Expressed in Btu per (hour) (linear foot) (Fahrenheit degree difference between the pipe and surrounding still air at 70 F) Nominal Pipe Size (Inches) Hot Water (Type K Copper Tube) 120 F 150 F 180 F 210 F Steam (Standard Pipe Size Pipe) 227.1 F (5 Lb) 297.7 F (50 Lb) 337.9 F (100 Lb) Temperature Difference 50 F 80 F 110 F 140 F 157.1 F 227.7 F 267.9 F U 0.250 0.287 0.300 0.321 0.433 0.500 0.530 1H 0.340 0.440 0.381 0.475 0 409 0.509 0.429 0.536 0.533 0.636 0.543 0.746 0.654 . 0.803 IX 1H 0.500 0.580 0.559 0.656 0.618 0.710 0.622 0.750 0.764 0.904 0.878 1.053 0.934 1.120 2 0.730 0.825 0.890 0.957 1.101 1.273 1.364 2M 0.880 1.000 1.091 1.143 1.305 1.490 1.605 3 1.040 1.175 1.272 1.343 1.560 1.800 1.940 3H 4 1.180 1.460 ; 1.350 1.500 1.454 1.635 1.535 . 1.715 1.750 1.941 2.020 2.240 2.170 2.430 2.131 2.465 2.650 5 Two L812 L980 2.071 2.387 2.770 2.990 6 1.840 2.125 2.270 . 2.430 2.740 3.210 3.440 8 2.400 2.685 2.910 3.110 3.310 4.050 4.370 ' terials are supplied in segments for assembly on large pipes. The sectional coverings are generally supplied with a pasted-on canvas jacket. Blanket insulations are sometimes used for wrapping large pipes, particularly where removal, for frequent servicing of-the pipe is necessary.. Fittings and bends are commonly covered with portions of standard; preformed Pipe Insulation 605 Table .3, . External Subface peb Linear Foot of Pipe Nominal Pipe Size (Inches) X 1X lH 1X Surface Area (Sq Ft) . 0.22 0.275 0.344 0.435 0.498 Nominal Pipe Size (Inches) 2 2X 3 3X 4 Surface Area (Sq Ft) 0.622 0.753 0.917 1.047 1.178 Nominal Pipe Size (Inches) ` 5 6 8 10 12 Surface Area (Sq Ft) . 1.456 1.734 2.257 2.817 3.338 , insulation or, when irregular in contour, with plastic materials known as insulating cements. Insulation .is secured to pipes with staples which are used to bridge the joint between half sections, and with metal pipe covering bands or rings of wire which secure individual sections and effect a junc tion between abutting sections. Surface finishes used over pipe insulation depend upon the service encountered and appearance desired. Canvas jackets are most common, although asbestos paper or asbestos finishing cements are sometimes employed. Insulation outdoors should be water proof, and is generally protected with an asphalt felt. for piping and asphaltic cements for fittings. Insulation on lines carrying cold water, brine,, or other cold fluids is carefully finished to obtain adequate sealing against the penetration of water vapor. . The selection of'pipe insulation for a particular service condition must be;made, with full consideration of a number of-properties in addition to thermal conductivity. Factors which may be of more importance than the thermal conductivity are: ease of application, fire resistance, heat stability, weathering stability, resistance to damage by physical abuse, and others which may apply to a particular installation. A complete evaluation of pipe insulation cannot, be included here. Insulation manu facturers should be consulted in regard to the selection of insulation which is .to meet-specific,requirements. HEAT LOSSES FROM INSULATED PIPES The. conductivities of various materials used for insulating steam-and hot water systems are given in Table 6. They are given as functions ,of the mean temperatures , or the arithmetic mean of the inner and outer surface temperatures of the insulations. It should be emphasized" that they are the average values obtained, from a number of tests'.made on each type'of material; also, that in the use of conductivity all variables due to differences in thickness, pipe sizes, and air conditions, are eliminated. Individual manufacturer's materials will, of course, vary in conductivity to some extent from these values. The heat losses through 1, l j, and 2-in. thick, 85 percent magnesia type of insulation for temperature differences between the pipe and the surrounding atmosphere up to 280 F, are shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3. Table 4. External Subface peb Linear Foot of Coppeb Tubing Outside diameter { in. greater than nominal size Tube Size . (inches) x X 1 IX IX Surface Area (Sq Ft) 0.164 0.229 0.295 0.360 0.426 Tube Size (Inches) 2 2X 3 3X 4 Surface Area (Sq Ft) 0.556 0.687 0.318 0.949 1.080 Tube Size (Inches) 5 6 8 Surface Area (SqFt) 1.342 1.604 2.128 --