Document Gzavm6vvzbmVDRVB3ab0z7Lj4

Corporate vssm Safety Bulletin PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT GF-1151 G A F Corporation TECH 5-72 June 27, 1972 STANDARD FOR EXPOSURE TO ASBESTOS DUST The permanent standard for asbestos dust has been promulgated effective July 7, 1972. A copy of regulations (P1910.93a) Is attached for your information and reference. The permissible exposure based on an 8-hour average has been retained at 5.0 fibers per cubic centimeter until July 1, 1976. Beyond that date, the permissible level will be reduced to 2 fibers per c.c. Exposure to levels of fiber concentrations up to 10 per c.c. are permitted during the work day. The table below lists the permissible exposures and time limits to arrive at time weighted averages (TKA) of 5.0 and 2.0 where dust concentrations are variable or intermittent and the exposure is zero for the remainder of the 8-hour shift. EXPOSURE TIME (HOURS) MAXIMUM CONCENTRATION FOR TWA OF 5 Fibers/cc 2 Fibers/cc 8 5.0 2.0 7 5.7 2.2 6 6.6 2.6 5 8.0 3.2 4 10.0 4.0 3 - 5.3 2 - 8.0 1.6 - 10.0 As can be noted above, in addition to determining concentrations, the time element exposed to the various levels is critical. There fore, in conjunction with the dust counts, appropriate studies of employees activities will be necessary (where job requirements are not static) to arrive at reasonably accurate average exposures. Since exposures above the 5.0 and 2.0 fiber levels but not to exceed 10.0 fibers/cc are permissible, this provides some measure of flexi bility in operating conditions during the work period. Where exposures exceed allowable concentrations, engineering controls and/or work practices must be initiated to control or minimize con centrations. During the period required to complete engineering controls and institute work practices, in emergency situations or where control is not technically feasible, respirators or shift rotation n 2 MICH08885 6 TECH 5 - 1972 (the latter being preferable) must be utilized to minimize individual exposure. Under the current permissible levels, reusable or single use Bureau of Hines approved respirators such as the MSA Dus t foe 66 or 77, Welsh 7100, Willson 60QA, etc- can be used for ceiling concentrations up to 100 fibers/cc and TUA's of 50 fibers/cc. Above these limits and up to 1,000 fibers/cc and 500 fibers/cc for ceiling and TWA's respectively, full facepiece powered respirators must be used. In this category only one manufacturer has an approved system available, the Rite Whitecap air purifiers. Above these levels, supplied airrespirators are mandatory and are available from a number of manu facturers. In our operations, with the present allowable use limits, the reusable or disposable approved type respirator should satisfy most, if not all.situations encountered. A physical examination program that includes a 14 x 17 X-ray, pul monary function tests and appropriate medical history data must be initiated and completed on or before January 31, 1973 for all employees currently exposed to asbestos dust, and within 30 days of employment for all new hires and transferred employees who may be exposed to asbestos. Annual examinations are required thereafter. No limitations on levels of exposure are Indicated. Therefore, any employee exposed to any quantity of asbestos must be examined. In taking the employee's medical history, the physician should include a description of smoking habits, details on past exposure to asbestos or other dusts or presence of pulmonary, cardiovascular and gastro intestinal symptoms. Terminating employees must also be examined within 30 days of termina tion. Included in the regulation is a provision that if the examining physician determines that the employee cannot function normally wearing a respirator, that employee must be rotated or given an opportunity to transfer to another position without loss of seniority, status or pay rate. Records of medical examinations must be made available to the employee's physician upon the employee's request, 0SHA and NIOSH representatives or their authorized medical consultants. The following requirements are also mandated where exposure or concen trations exceed the prescribed limits: 1. Issuance and maintenance of coveralls, head coverings, gloves and foot coverings where ceiling limits are exceeded. 2. Change room with a two locker system for employees' work and street clothes when permissible limits are exceeded 3. Label sealed bags of contaminated clothing, launder and warn others who may launder contaminated clothing to -2- MICH08886 TECH 5 - 1972 avoid the asbestos hazard. 4. Posting caution signs at locations and to approaches to areas exceeding the dust limits. 5. Affixing of caution labels on materials, scrap, waste and debris that can produce excess concentrations in their handling, use, storage, transport or disposal. 6. Use of sealed impermeable bags or other closed containers for disposal of waste, scrap, and debris if in handling, transport, storage or disposal excess concentrations can be generated. 7. Establish a respirator program in accordance with ANSI Z88.21969, Standard Practice for Respiratory Protection. These requirements are contained in Subpart I of the OSHA standards under P1910.134, Respiratory Protection. 8. Notify employees in writing within five (5) days of obtaining monitoring results of those exposed to asbestos over the prescribed limits. The standard also requires that by December 7, 1972 an Initial deter mination of the employees' exposure must be completed. To accomplish this. Corporate Environmental Engineering will be organizing a comprehensive sampling program and affected plants will be surveyed and/or Included in a sampling gathering procedure. Compliance with most of the requirements of the standard must of necessity be delayed until such time that positive determinations have been made as to exposures. Continued use of approved respirators is strongly suggested,however, where visible dust emissions are evident until subsequent sampling data indicates protection is not needed. As to the medical portion of the standard, the plant's examining physician should be advised of the Act's specific requirements and arrangements made to comply with the January 31,1972 deadline for completing initial examinations. Any questions as to interpretation or requirements of this standard should be directed to our attention. Further bulletins will be Issued when clarification is received on several items requiring definition and Interpretation. Attach: -3- MICH08887 11320 RULES AND REGULATIONS $1910.93 Air conuminanU. * to which any employee may be exposed (d) Personal protective equipment-- shall not exceed two fibers, longer than (1) Compliance with the exposure limits Tuu 04-Xnu Dm 5 micrometers, per cubic centimeter of prescribed by paragraph (b) of this sec air. as determined by the method pre tion may not be achieved by the use of Bubataua Mpp*f VeftP scribed in paragraph (e) of this section. respirators or shift rotation of em (3) Celling concentration. No em ployees, except: Blllcm: CO'stalUnt; Quart* (racptrmblv)............. . ployee shall be exposed at any time to (1) During the time period necessary 2801 I0af/M* airborne cenoentrations of asbestos fibers in excess of 10 fibers, longer than to install the engineering controls and to Institute the work practices required Quarts (total dost) Crbtobatitc UwHUm value ****** tram the eount or mas (onnale tor Quarts. Tiidymttc VseMthe ratal* calculated tran the tar* mula tor quarts. Amorphous, ineodlng oaiml diatomaeooits earth................ %BlOrH 20 %OH-a %8IO>+3 Hhag/M* %ao> 5 micrometers, per cubic centimeter of air. as determined by the method pre scribed In paragraph (e) of this section. (e) Method! of compliance--(1) En gineering method!. (1) Engineering con trols. Engineering controls, such as, but not limited to. Isolation, enclosure, ex haust ventilation, and dust collection, shall be used to meet the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section. by paragraph (c) of this section; (II) In work situations in which the methods prescribed in paragraph (e) of this section are either technically not feasible or feasible to an extent insuffi cient to reduce the airborne concentra tions of asbestos fibers below the limits prescribed by paragraph (b) of this section: or (III) In emergencies. Silicate* (Was than 1% ery> tallin# silica): Mica..................................... . Snapston*............................. Talc........................................ Portland cement...... ............ Graphite (natural).................. Coat dust (TMpIrmblo tractioo kbS than 8% 810t)................ ao ao 10 u 14nc/M> (II) Local exhaust ventilation, la) Local exhaust ventilation and dust col lection systems shall be designed, con structed, Installed, and maintained in accordance with the American National Standard Fundamentals Governing the Design and Operation of Local Exhaust Uv) Where both respirators and per sonnel rotation are allowed by subdivi sions (1). (U). or (ill) of this subpara- graph, and both are practicable, person nel rotation shall be preferred and used. (2) Where a respirator Is permitted by subparagraph (1) of this paragraph. It For more than 9% flIOt........... >0af/M* Systems. ANSI Z9.3-1971, which is in shall be selected from among those ap Inert or Nulsanct Dost: Kasptrmbk tradQon..., Total dust...______... %aJOH-1 18 ftrnc/m 80 Umc/M* Nora: Cowmten factors mppcfXUJ-mUUon particle* por coble meter parllcha par tt I pillions ol partlde* per cubk toot of air. baaad on Impinrer samples counted by Hfil-Aeld teebnka. The percental of crystalline cOlea In the tormula L< the amount determtoed from air-home samples, except in thorn tmtance* In vfcich other methods naea been ihown to be applicable. As determined by the membrane Alter method at 430 X phase contrast macnlAcatten. Both concentration and percent quarts lor the application of this Omit are to be determined from the fraction pasainf a she selector with the foltowti^ characteristics: Aerodynamic diameter (unit density sphere) 2 2XX.O48 10 Percent pamine teiacter W 76 80 208 The measurements under this note refer to the use of an AEC instrument. If the reeplrabU fraction of coal dust is determined with a M R E the figure oomepoadtof to that of 2.4 Mg/M* to the table for eoaJdustls 44 Mg/M*. 2. A new 11910.83* Is added to Part 1910, reading as follows: 1910.93a Asbestos. (a) Definitions. For the purpose of this section. (1) -Asbestos" Includes chrysotllc, amosite. croddollte, tremoUte. anthophylllte, and actinollte. (2) "Asbestos fibers" metns asbestos fibers longer than 9 micrometers. (b) Permissible exposure to airborne concentration! of asbestos fibers--(1) Standard effective July 1, tan. The 8-hour time-weighted average airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers to which any employee may be exposed shall not exceed five fibers, longer than i micrometers, per cubic centimeter of air. as determined by the method pre scribed In paragraph <e) of this section. corporated by reference herein. (b> See I 1910.6 concerning the avail ability of ANSI Z9.2-1971, and the maintenance of a historic file in connec tion therewith. The address of the Amer ican National Standards Institute Is given in 11910.100. (ill) Particular tools. All hand-op erated and power-operated tools which may produce or release asbestos fibers in excess of the exposure limits pre scribed in paragraph (b) of this section, such as, but not limited to, saws, scorers, abrasive wheels, and drills, shall be pro vided with local exhaust ventilation sys tems In accordance with subdivision (ID of this subparagraph. (2) Work practices--(1) Wet methods. Insofar as practicable, asbestos shall be handled, mixed, applied, removed, cut. scored, or otherwise worked in' a wet state sufficient to prevent the emission of airborne fibers In excess of the ex posure limits prescribed in paragraph <b> of this section, unless the usefulness of the product would be diminished thereby. (U> Particular products and opera tion!. No asbestos cement, mortar, coat ing. grout, plaster, or similar material containing asbestos shall be removed from bags, cartons, or other containers In which they are shipped, without being either wetted, or enclosed, or ventilated so as to prevent effectively the release of airborne asbestos fibers In excess of the limits prescribed In paragraph (b) of this section. (III) Spraying, demolition, or removal. Employees engaged In the spraying of asbestos, the removal, or demolition of pipes, structures, or equipment covered or Insulated with asbestos, and In the removal or demolition of asbestos In sulation or coverings shall be provided with respiratory equipment in accord ance with paragraph (d)(2) (111) of this proved bv the Bureau of Mines, Depart ment of the Interior, or the National In stitute for Occupational Bafety and Health. Department of Health, Educa tion. and Welfare, under the provisions of 30 CFR Part H (37 PE. 6344, Mar. 25. 1972), and shall be used In accordance with subdivisions (1), (ID, (lil>. and (lv) of this subparagraph. (D Mr purifying respirators. A reusa ble or single use air purifying respirator, or a respirator described In subdivision (ID or (111) of this subparagraph, shall be used to reduce the concentrations ot airborne asbestos fibers In the respirator below the exposure limits prescribed In paragraph (b) of this section, when the celling or the 8-hour time-weighted aver age airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers are reasonably expected to exceed no more than 10 times those limits. (ID Pouered air purifying respirators. A full facepiece powered air purifying respirator, or a powered air purifying respirator, or a respirator described In subdivision (111) of this subparagraph, shall be used to reduce the concentra tions of airborne asbestos fibers In the respirator below the exposure limits pre scribed In paragraph (b> of this section, when the celling or the 8-hour timeweighted average concentrations of asbestos fibers are reasonably expected to exceed 10 times, but not 100 times, those limits. (111) Type "C" supplied-air respirators, continuous flow or ' pressure-demand class. A type "C" continuous flow or pres sure-demand. supplied-alr respirator shall be used to reduce the concentra tions of airborne asbestos fibers in the respirator below the exposure limits pre scribed In paragraph (b> of tills section, when the celling or the 8-hour timeweighted average airborne concentra tions of asbestos fibers are reasonably expected to exceed 100 times those limits. (2) Standard effective July 1, lays. section and with special clothing In ac- (lv) Establishment of a respirator pro The 8-hour time-weighted average air coraance with paragraph <d) (3) of this gram. (a) The employer shall establish borne concentrations of asbestos fibers section. a respirator program In accordance with FHJHAl tCGISTft, VOL 37, NO. 110--WIDNESOAY. JUNE 7, 1972 M1CH08888 RULES AND REGULATIONS 11321 the requirements of the American Na where asbestos fibers are released to be subparagraph shall conform to the re tional Standards Practices for Respira monitored In* such a way as to determine quirements of 20" x 14" vertical format tory Protection. ANSI 88.2-1869, which whether every employee's exposure to signs specified in 11910.145(d)(4), and is incorporated by reference herein. asbestos fibers is below the limits pre to this subdivision. The signs shall dis b. See 11810.6 concerning the avail scribed In paragraph (b) of this sec play the following legend In thq lower ability of ANSI Z88.2-1B69 and the main tion. If the limits are exceeded, the em panel, with letter sizes and stylei of a tenance of an historic file In connection ployer shall Immediately undertake a visibility at least equal to that specified therewith. The address of the American compliance program In accordance with in this subdivision. National Standards Institute Is given In i 1910.100. (c) No employee shall be assigned to tasks requiring the use of respirator* If, paragraph (c) of this section. (3) Personal monitoring--(1) Sam ples shall be collected from within the breathing zone of the employees, on Legend Asbestos____________ Notation 1" Bads Berit, .Oothlc or Block. based upon his most recent examination, membrane filters of 0.8 micrometer po- Dust Hazard.. V Su> Serif. an examining physician determines that rosslty mounted in an open-face filter Ootblc or the employee will be unable to function normally wearing a respirator, or that the safety or health of the employee or other employees will be Impaired by his holder. Samples shall be taken for the determination of the 8-hour timeweighted average airborne concentra tions and of the celling concentrations of Avoid Breathing Dust__ Wear Assigned Protective Equipment. Do Not Remain In Area Block. 14" Gothic, it" Oothlc. it" Gothic. use of a respirator. Such employee shall asbestos fibers. Unless Tour Work Re be rotated to another lob or given the (11) Sampling frequency and patterns. quires It. opportunity to transfer to a different po After the initial determinations required Breathing Asbestos Dust 14 point Oothlc. sition whose duties he Is able to perform by subparagraph (1) of this paragraph, Mey Be Hazardous To with the same employer. In the same geo samples shall be of such frequency and Tour Health. graphical area and with the same senior ity, status, and rate of pay he had Just prior to such transfer, If such a different position Is available. (3) Bpecial clothing: The employer shall provide, and require the use of. spe cial clothing, such as coveralls or similar whole body clothing, head coverings, gloves, and foot coverings for any em ployee exposed to airborne concentra tions of asbestos libers, which exceed the ceiling level prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section. (ti Change rooms: (1) At any fixed place of employment exposed to airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers in ex cess of the exposure limits prescribed In paragraph (b) of this-section, the em ployer shall provide change rooms for employees working regularly at the place. (11) Clothes lockers: The employer shall provide two separate lockers or con tainers for each employee, so separated or isolated as to prevent contamination of the employee's street clothes from his work clothes. (ill) Laundering: (a) Laundering of pattern as to represent with reasonable accuracy the levels of exposure of em ployees. In no case shall the sampling be done at intervals greater than 6 months for employees whose exposure to asbestos may reasonably be foreseen to exceed the limits prescribed by paragraph (b) of this section. (3) Environmental monitoring--(1) samples shall be collected from areas of a work environment which are represent ative of the airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers which may reach the breathing zone of employees. Samples shall be collected on a membrane filter of 0.8 micrometer porosity mounted In an open-face filter holder. Samples shall be taken for the determination of the 8htfur time-weighted average airborne concentrations and of the celling con centrations of asbestos fibers. (11) Sampling frequency and patterns. After the Initial determinations required by subparagraph (1) of this paragraph, samples shall be of such frequency and pattern as to represent with reasonable accuracy the levels of exposure of the Spacing between lines shall be at least equal to the height of the upper of any two lines. (2) Caution labels--(1) Labeling. Cau tion labels shall be affixed to all raw materials, mixtures, scrap, waste, debris, and other products containing asbestos fibers, or to their containers, except that no label Is required where asbestos fibers have been modified by a banding agent, coating, binder, or other material so that during any reasonably foreseeable use, handling, storage, disposal, processing, or transportation, no airborne concentra tions of asbestos fibers In excess of the exposure limits prescribed In paragraph (b) of this section will be released. (11) Label specifications. The caution labels required by subdivision (1) of this subparagraph shall be printed in letters of sufficient size and contrast as to be readily visible and legible. The label shall state: CAUTION Contains Asbestos Fibers Avoid Creating Dust asbestos contaminated clothing shall be employees. In no case shall sampling be Bresthing Asbestos Dust Msy Csuse done so as to prevent the release of air at Intervals greater than 6 months for Serious Bodily Harm borne asbestos fibers In excess of the ex employees whose exposures to asbestos (h) Housekeeping--<1> Cleaning. All posure limits prescribed In paragraph (b) may reasonably be foreseen to exceed external surfaces In any place of employ of this section. the exposure limits prescribed in para ment shall be maintained free of accu (b) Any employer who gives asbestoscontaminated clothing to another person for laundering shall Inform such person of the requirement In (a) of this subdi vision to effectively prevent the release of airborne asbestos fibers' In excess of the exposure limits prescribed In para graph (b) of this section. (c> Contaminated clothing shall be transported in sealed Impermeable bags, or other closed. Impermeable containers, and labeled In accordance with para graph (g) of this section. (e) Method of measurement. All de terminations of airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers shall be made by the graph (b) of this section. (4) Employee observation of monitor ing. Affected employees, or their rep resentatives. shall be given a reasonable opportunity to observe any monitoring required by this paragraph and shall have access to the records thereof. (g) Caution signs and labels. (1) Cau tion signs. (I) Posting. Caution signs shall be provided and displayed at each location where airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers may be In excess of the exposure limits prescribed In paragraph (b) of this section. Signs shall be posted at such a distance from such a location so that an employee may read the signs mulations of asbestos fibers If, with their dispersion, there would be an excessive concentration. (3) Waste disposal. Asbestos waste, scrap, debris, bags, containers, equip ment, and asbestos-contaminated cloth ing, consigned for disposal, which may produce In any reasonably foreseeable use. handling, storage, processing, dis posal. or transportation airborne concen trations of asbestos fibers in excess of the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section shall be collected and disposed of in sealed impermeable bags, or other closed, impermeable containers. (1) Recordkeeping--(1) Exposure rec membrane filter method at 40(1-450 X and take necessary protective steps be ords. Every employer shall maintain rec (magnification) (4 millimeter objective) with phase contrast Illumination. Cf> Monitoring--(1) initial determi nation*. Within 6 months of the publi cation of this section, every employer fore entering the area marked by the signs. Signs shall be posted at all ap proaches to areas containing excessive concentrations of airborne asbestos fibers. (U) Sign specifications. The warning ords of any personal or environmental monitoring required by this section. Rec ords shall be maintained for a period of at least 3 yean and shall be made avail able upon request to the Assistant Secre tary of Labor for Occupational Safety shall cause every place of employment signs required by subdivision (1) of this and Health, the Director of the National FEDEEAL KEGISTEt, VOL 37, NO. 110--WEDNESDAY, JUNE 7, 1977 MICH08889 11322 RULES AND REGULATIONS Institute for Occupational - Safety and tions. Records shall be retained by Health, and to authorized representa employers for at least 20 years. tives of either. (2) Employee access. Every employee and former employee shall have reason able access to any record required to be maintained by subparagraph (1) of this paragraph, which Indicates the em ployee's own exposure to asbestos libers. (3) Employee notification. Any em ployee found to have been exposed at any time to airborne concentrations of asbes tos fibers In excess of the limits pre scribed In paragraph (b> of this section shall be notified in writing of the expo sure as soon as practicable but not later than 5 days of the finding. The employee shall also be timely notified of the cor rective action being taken. (J) Medical examinations--(1) Gen eral. The employer shall provide or nudes available at his cost, medical examina tions relative to exposure to asbestos re (11) Access. The contents of the rec ords of the medical examinations required by this paragraph shall be made available, for Inspection and copying, to the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occupational Safety and Health, the Director of NIOSH. to authorized physi cians and medical consultants of either of them, and. upon the request of an em ployee or former employee, to his physi cian. Any physician who conducts a medical examination required by this paragraph shall furnish to the employer of the examined employee all the infor mation specifically required by this paragraph, and any other medical in formation related to occupational ex posure to asbestos fibers. 3. A new I1910.19 Is added to Subpart B of Part 1910. reading as follows: quired by this paragraph. (2) Preplacement. The employer shall provide or make available to each of his employees, within 30 calendar days fol lowing his first employment In an occupation exposed to cJrborne con centrations of asbestos fibers, a compre S 1910.19 Aebealoe duet. Section 1910.93a shall apply to the ex posure of every employee to asbestos dust in every employment and place of employment covered by 11910.12. I 1910.13. | 1910.14, i 1910.15, or i 1910.16, hensive medical examination, which shall in lieu of any dlfierent standard on ex Include, as a minimum, a chest roent posure to asbestos dust which would genogram (posterior-anterior 14 x 17 otherwise be applicable by virtue of any Inches), a history to elicit symptom of those sections. atology of respiratory disease, and pulmonary function tests to include forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume at 1 second UHEVi.,). Effective date. Paragraph (b) (2) of i 1910.93a shall become effective July 1. 1976. All other provisions of II 191993a, 1910.93, and 1910.19 shall become effec (3) Annual examinations. On or be tive July 7,1972. The current emergency fore January 31, 1973, and at least an temporary standard remains In effect nually thereafter, every employer shall until July 7. 1972. provide, or make available, comprehen sive medical examinations to each of his employees engaged in occupations ex posed to airborne concentrations of as bestos fibers. Such annual examination shall include, as a minimum, a chest (Sea. S. 8. M Stat. 1593. 1E96; 39 T7.S.C. 656, 857; 39 cm 1910.4; Secretary of Labor'a Order No. 13-71. 35 M. 8764) Signed at Washington, D.C., this 2d day of June 1972. roentgenogram (posterior-anterior 14 x 17 Inches), a history to elicit symptom O. C. Quintnci. Assistant Secretary of labor. atology of respiratory disease, and pulmonary function tests to include forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced I PR Doc.73-8674 Filed 8-4-73:8:48 am] expiratory volume at 1 second (FEVi.,). (4) Termination of employment. The employer shall provide, or make avail able. within 30 calendar days before or after the termination of employment of any employee engaged In an occupation exposed to airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers, a comprehensive medical examination which shall Include, as a minimum, a chest roentgenogram (pos terior-anterior 14 x 17 Inches), a history to elicit symptomatology of respiratory disease, and pulmonary function tests to Include forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV,.). (5) Recent examinations. No medical examination Is required of any em ployee. If adequate records show that the employee has been examined In ac cordance with this paragraph within the past 1-year period. (6) Medical records--(1) Mainte nance. Employers of employees examined pursuant to this paragraph shall cause to be maintained complete and accurate records of all such medical examina FBHtAl IEGISTEE, VOL 37, NO. 110--WEDNESDAY, JUNE 7, 1972