Document GmzJVb3mVZYXDbyG5rxkVemzV
V
ri'-u.-'j
FRO'' ''name a location)
D.S, CAKEi A
Brussels
OATS 2nd October 1970
SUBJECT
PCB Conference at Stockholm
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f- i
CCi P.J.A. MARSH' H-A. VODDEN
- Brussels - Ruabon
REFERENCE
:
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TO : W.B. PAPAGEORGE - St- Louis
Attached is a list of all the delegates to the Stockholm Conference and copies of the various papers that were presented.
The proceedings of the entire conference including what~ was said in the Discussion Period, will eventually be circulated to all participants, I have asked for two copies so one should be available for you.
The paper we prepared for this event failed to reach Stockholm in time for prior circulation and it was not read during the Conference. I do not know whether or not it will be included in the official proceedings but I would imagine this is quite likely.
Bayer made a very modest contribution on the plasticizer
applications of PCBs and this should be included as
will the Prodelec paper.
Incidentally, one or two
alterations were made to the Prodelec paper before it
was presented - all reference to quantities were
eliminated so as to remove any opportunity for the
participants to question us about Sales volumes,
market participation.
<
I found this conference something of an anti-climax since most of the papers seemed to be largely a repetition of information that had already been published. Nothing that was really controversial came up and unfortunately, nothing that was said is likely to bring any pressure to bear on the other manufacturers for swift action. I had been hoping that this public exposure of Bayer and Prodelec would have been beneficial from this point of view.
The speaker from Finland indicated there was some pressure being brought upon the Government for regulation on PCBs. He was also the only one to complain about the lack of sales statistics as an inhibiting factor.
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Dr- Westoo made her expected comments upon the level of PCBs in many fodd stuffs in Sweden and in human milk and a speaker from the Swedish Eoison Board also commented rather emotionally upon the rapid destruction of their environment but in general there was not too much emotion.
.
Dr. Berlin commented upon the lack of toxicity data
on PCBs so we took the opportunity to describe the
ninel month results of our studies with rats and dogs.
The later data.refers to your memo 22nd September,
has not yet been received.
You will notice that
?
Dr. Berlin also -commented upon the Biphenyl incident
at Nokia in Finland.
Since Press people were present
I did not think this was a suitable forum to dispute
his statement that this was a case of Biphenyl intoxication
but it may well be that Dr. Kelly might like to correspond
with Dr. Berlin on this matter. Alternatively,he may feel
it better to let it rest.
*
My understanding is that Biphenyl poisoning was never
proved, and all that was*known is that the man died of
some poisoning and he had been working with Biphenyl,
for eleven years.
He had also been working for the
-same period .of time .with all the other ingredients
in the coating formulation.
Finally, Dr. Eric Eranius from Stockholm University,
suggested we should get in touch with Dr. Douglas
Warf of the Department of Health, Education and Welfare
in Rockville if you are not already in contact with
him.
Dr. Eranius suggested that Dr. Warf would be
..
interested in carrying out very detailed studies
using sophisticated techniques on the livers, (and
possibly other organs) taken from the animals that
are sacrificed'during the feeding trials. He felt
we might be wasting an opportunity by merely carrying
out rather superficial examinations of the liver
instead of using the latest techniques apparently
available to Dr. Warf.
These would include a
study of individual cell behaviour following PCS
ingestion.
CAMERON
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Chair ran: l.Auh CPI'dlPlC-. Prof., P.P., Pail. Inst, of Public health, PVCChlLOL'I
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RRANXEXBEEC- , Lars *`>*.*-- * i , V C>*. J J3. -Al.BEJ:C-, Lars
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docc-nt '
Stockholns univorsitot
Stockholn .
eiv.ing.
Eloktriska Akticbolagct AEG
Solna
docent
Uppsala universitet
Uppsala
journalist
Dagens Nyhetc-r
Stockholn
ingc-n jor
Eloktriska Akticbolagot AEG
Solna
profcssot
Lunds univorsitot
Lund
..
gencraldiroktor Kgl, Votorinarstyrelson
Stockholn
profcssor
St. vetorinarnod, anstalt
Stockholn
direktor
Sverigos Kcr.iiska Industrikon. Stockholn
vet.nod,dr.
Giftnannden
Stockholn
nr forskn.ass.
Monsanto 3. A. Kgl,. fiskcrisiyrolscn
Brysscl . btiXiCr lbi-i Gotc-borg
dr. byradirc-ktor
Unilever Research
.
Statons naturvardsvork '
Welwyn.
GREAT BRITAIN
Solna
.
bitr.prof.
SlbO^ S X O i'iO
StoCiCroxn
ingonjor .
S
Stockholn
redaktor .
Svoriges Radio
Stockholn
fil.nag.
Kordforsk
professor
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leg.vet,
Jnl O/> it.t \J
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Kclsingfors FINLAND ' Stockholn
Sun c byb o rg
professor
Xroj_iiiSicci
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Stockholn
professor
St4 institut for folkhaloan
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OABklELOOI', Carl Oicf V *f 1 i
otyroiscu * or x c - x/ x. u vvo-jn--. Stockholm
M O'w'-.-i
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v. liAARTIi'-K, Ulla
;-.r ill.land.
Botany Be-pt. St, institut for fclkhalsan
Swans on ieTlVpJpL'-r.fi T.jur> i7.-*nr\
Stocicnox"
HANHURf, Lennart
f o rs kningschof Statins naturvurdovork
Solna
HAADELL. Hannc-liso HS1M.INEN, Katti v. rIAID]Z;'.r3!'..i.'j 01 ov
to I:n. lie, docent avd.dir.
Sv. triif orsknings ins titutet . i1 Statons viltforskningsinst.
3tatc-ns naturvnrd svo rk
Stockholm .
Helsingfors FINLAND ' Solna
frni'i >; ,lT;G35u" ,; B^j orn 7 i/VT >*T>'?Cpr T_
docent byrddirektor
Skogshogskolan Kgl. fiskeristyroisen
Stockholm . G-otoborg '
. HGHLL KOV'Si'ij-TIUS, Gunnet r
dr. t C .hi i , X .U C .
Bayer love rims on Xungl, tokniska hbgskoian
Leverkusen ap'ev' '-tv
Stockholm
ILGNCA, Amin
dr.
Bayer Komi AB
..
. Stockholm
o.imooj\^ Per C hrt J-iRBLO?':, Bortil
o vc- ring o ni/r
K/ykskadoradot
avdolningochof Bayer Ken.i AB
. Oslo i\ W i L 11 k I Stockholm:
J.'.Y, Pierre*J 7. - . O J l *'> 7 fj .1 k* (J.
ingenieur jillSSEG Prodoloc
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Sver.skn Unilever
Be cines JL* Stockholm
Goren
fil.lic.
Statens naturvardsverk
' Solna
jGri'.j^sor, i:iis
~ docent
0r 1*1277if^5 J_.0.S*t L7oCX
Alvkarleby
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professor
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Stockholm
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fil.nag,
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Sve-riges Radio
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lovorkusu-n '^.^X..*i"XiX* '.w' - l Stockholm
.-UAUiO;;, J. B.
byradiroktor
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Stockholm
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Stoekholn
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Uppsala
OLD JO,- Tidvar
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Stockholm
Ol-.USSOii, Lrre
bitr,prof.
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01.33022 j Lars
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Stockiicln
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docent pj?ci os.tor
Stotk'nolrs ur.iversitet Stoclanolr.
Unci emiversitot
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YODD!'ji'-j *"-* -**
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GSLIXPER, Hans
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vrLSTBHLABXj Hats
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ZLITERSTZDf, Bcrtil.
bvorin-.'
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Stockholn
Sveri^es Bodio
' Stockholn
Vo t c rir:a riio j sko lar.
Stockholm
Statens naturvurdavork
Solna
Monsan co S ^
Stockholns univorsitet
\
Bryssol BBLGIUIi Stockholn
YrkcsncdicinsZ-ca lasarettct
Lund
Kgl. tekniska hosskolan
Stockholm
rCgl, .tc-kniska hogskolan
Stockholn
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IClintj Bernhardt Co LB
Stockholm:
Lilj cholnens Kabelfrabrik Stockholm
Lilje'nolnens Habolfabrik
Stockholn
DSW 229488 //
STLCOPCB4053698
PCB Confer .ce, Stockholm, September 29* .970*
PCB - effects on mammals.
by Maths Berlin ` Institute of Hygiene University of Lund Box 2009 S-220 02 LUND, Sweden
.
. .
Already in 1899 Herxheimer described a condition that he called chloracne, which was caused by chlorinated biphenyls or chlorinated naphtalenes. Chloracne is a type of follicular pyodermatitis, e g pyongenic inflammation in the sebaceous glands of the skin, .Clinical experience indicates that the capacity to produce this condition in creases with chlorination of the biphenyls. Around 10 cases of fatal intoxication with chlorinated biphenyls or naphta'enes have since been described (ref. 2, 3, 4). They all showed liver atrophy and necroses. Histological examination revealed fatty degeneration, necroses and cirrhosis. All cases involved persons who handled or were exposed to these compounds in their occupations.
Animal experimentation has confirmed that chlorinated biphenyls and
naphtalenes can produce liver damage of this kind. Chlorinated biphe
nyls and naphtalenes can be absorbed by the skin, by inhalation or by
ingestion. In tables 1-3 Dr. Ulf Alxlborg (ref. 5) has summarized the
published toxicological investigations in mammals involving chlorinated
biphenyls and naphtalenes. The reEults shown on the tables indicate
that the toxicity of these compounds is proportional to their degree of
chlorination.
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A comparison betv/een the chlorinated naphtalenes and the biphenyls based on existing studies indicates that the biphenyls are more toxic. However, it must be emphasized that all the experiments done have been screening experiments involving technical preparations v/ith an undefined purity, - usually mixtures cf compounds having different degrees of chlorination - and that these investigations have generally focused on liver damage. Investigations of the effect on the brain for example seem to be lacking. So, in general, the present material
STLCOPCB4053699
permits only very limited conclusions.
'.
It has been shown that the chlorinated biphenyls stimulate the liver microsomes as revealed by an increased raetabolisation of oestrediols in the pigeon liver (ref. 9). The biphenyls seem to be about 5 times more potent in this resj ect than either DDT or dieldrin (ref. 9). Drinker (ref, 4) has observed a synergistic effect on the liver of carbon tetra-chloride and chlorinated biphenyls - i.e. anirhala exposed to chlorinated biphenyls show severe liver injury with considerable lower doses of carbon tetra chloride.
In this connection it could be mentioned that a fatal case of biphenyl intoxi
cation recently occurred in Finland (ref. 10). A 31-year-old man was
working in an industry that used biphenyl - not chlorinated - for impreg nation. The exposure level was around 100 mg/m , 10 times the MAC.
He had been working in this industry for 11 years and suddenly developed
liver insufficiency which appeared histologically as'necroses, atrophy and
cirrhosis. A general atrophy of the brain cortex was also found. Medical
examination of the about 120 persons working in this industry revealed 3
additional cases with liver injury (biopsy) and 2 cases with pathological
EEg and impaired periferal nerve function.
'
In order to make a toxicological evaluation of the ricks involved in exposure
to chlorinated biphenyls, it is necessary to have knowledge about 1) the
distribution of these compounds in the body, 2) their metabolism, retention
and elimination in different organs s.nd 3) the toxicity of these substances
for different ceil systems and their metabolites.
_
With respect to the distribution, v/e know that there is a tendency to accumulate in body fat and in the lipid-containing tissues of the brain. That is about all we know. Our knowledge about the metabolism of these com pounds is minute. From a theoretical point of view and on the basis of existing experimental data, there is reason to believe that the compounds with a low degree of chlorination should be more easily metabolised and broken down in the body than those with a high degree of chlorination. The turnover of the discrete compounds and their metabolism in different lands of organs is unknown. The toxicity to different cell systems is also urduiown
/ DSW 229490
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3.
except for the fact that liver cells can be interfered with at those concentra
tion levels which occur in man due to industrial exposure. Liver injury
also occurs early in animal intoxication experiments. However, quantita
tive data regarding the concentration in the liver cells at which disturbances
occur is lacking at present-.
Conclusion.
,
There is a strong suspicion that chlorinated biphenyls can be retained and accumulated in the body with chronic exposure. Present data do not permit evaluation of the risk of organ damage in the body at different doses of . defined chlorinated biphenyls. There is a strong need for studies of the metabolism of chlorinated biphenyls in the body, as well as the mechanism of the toxic effect due to these substances.
C
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REFERENCES
1, Herxkeimer H. , MUnchener Medizin. V7ochenschr(1899) 278
2. Flinn F. B. , JarvikD.E. Proc. Soc. Exper..Biol. and Med. 3_5
(1936) 118
.
3. - Greenburg L., Mayers 21_ (1939) 29
R., SmithA.R. J. Ind. Hyg. Toxicol.
4. Drinker C. K., Warren "W. F. , Bennet G.A. J. Ind. Hyg. Toxicol.
19_ (1937) 283
'
5. Ahlbcrg U. (1969) Communication at a conference sponsored by
Swedish National Board of Poison Control.
........
6. Miller, J. W. U. S. Publ. Health Repts. 59. (1944) 1085
7. Bennett G.A., Drinker C. K., Y/arren W. F. 'J. Ind. Hyg. Toxicol. 20 (193 8) 97
8. Treon J. 7., Cleveland F. P., Cappel J. Y7., AtchleyR.Y/. Arn. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. Quart. 17_ (1956) 204
9. Rieebrough. R.AV. , Rieclie P. , Peakall D. B. , Herman S. G., ' Kirven M.N. Nature 220 (1968) 1098
10. Hernberg S. (personal communication)
`
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