Document Gmxn1XzzXN8JqZMKOG0q37jN7

\.l 22754 Federal Register / Vol. 51, No. 119 / Friday, June 20, 1986 / Rules and Regulations Dr. William J. Nicholson of the Mount Sinai School of Medicine (Ex. 64-74) cited data from Knight and Hickish (1970) that indicated that the concentration of asbeatod ranged from 0.64 to 5.35 f/cc over a 60-minute sampling period when compressed air was being used to blow out the asbestoscontaining residue from the brake drum. In the same study, a peak concentration of 87 f/ cc was measured for a few seconds during brake cleaning performed with compressed air. Rohl et al. (1976) (Ex. 90-148) measured area concentrations (of unspecified duration) within 3-5 feet of operations involving the cleaning of brakes with compressed air and obtained readings ranging from 6.6 to 29.6 f/ cc. Because of the high exposure levels that result from cleaning brake and clutch part9 using compressed air, OSHA has prohibited this practice in the revised standard. Ineffective Methods When dry brushing was used to remove the asbestos-containing residue from the brake drums and wheel assemblies, peak exposures measured by N10SH ranged from 0.61 to 0.81 f/cc. while 8-hour TWA levels were at the new standard's permissible exposure limit (PEL) of 0.2 f/cc (Ex. 84-263). Rohl and his colleagues (Ex. 00-148) collected area samples 1-3 feet from a brake cleaning operation being performed with a dry brush, and measured concentrations ranging from 1.3 to 3.8 f/cc, however, sampling times and TWA concentrations were not presented in the Rohl et al. study. When a brush wetted with water, gasoline, or Stoddart solvent was used to clean the asbestos-containing residue from the affected parts, exposure levels (S^houir TWAs) measured by NIOSH also exceeded the new 0.2 f/cc PEL, and peak exposures ranged aB high as 2.62 f/cc (Ex. 84-263). Preferred Methods Use of an engineering control system involving a cylinder that completely encloses the brake shoe assembly and a High Efficiency Particulate Alr.(HEPA) filterequipped vacuum produced B-hour TWA employee exposures of 0.01 f/cc and peak exposures.ranging from nondetectable.to 0.07 f/cc (Ex. 84-263). (Because this system achieved exposure levels below the standard's action level, it iB described in . detail below.) Data collected by the Mount Sinai Medical Center (Ex. 90-148) forNUfisk of America, Inc., the manufacturer of the ' brake assembly enclosure system, showed that for two of threq operations sampled* the exposure of mechanics to airborne asbestos fibers was nondetectable. For the third operator sampled by ML Sinai researchers, the exposure was 0.5 f/cc, which the authors attributed to asbestos that had contaminated . the operator's clothing in the course of previous brake repair operations performed without the enclosed cylinder/vacuum system.: ' ..Some automotive repair facilities use a . compressed-air hose to apply a solvent mist to remove the asbestos-containing residue from the-brakedrunis before, repair The NIOSH data^Ex. 84-263) indicated that mechanics employing this method . experienced exposures (8-hour TWAs) of 0.8 f/cc. with peaks of 6.25 to 0.68 f/cc. This to cause lung cancer, mesothelioma, and technique, and a variant of it that OSHA cancer of the stomach and colon. believes is both less costly and more Mesothelioma is a rare cancer of the thin effective in reducing employee exposures, is membrane lining of the chest and abdomen. described in greater detail above in Sections Symptoms of mesothelioma include shortness A and B. of breath, pain in the walls of the chest, and/ D. Summary In conclusion, OSHA believes that it is likely that employers in the brake and clutch repair industry will be able to avail themselves of the action level trigger built or abdominal pain. MI. Respirators and Protective Clothing A. Respirators: You are required to wear a respirator when performing task9 that result in asbestos, tremolite, anthophyllite. and into the revised standard if they actinolite exposure that exceeds the conscientiously employ one of the three permissible exposure limit (PEL) of 0.2 f/cc. control methods described above: the These conditions can occur while your enclosed cylinder/HEPA vacuum system, the employer is in the process of installing compressed air/solvent method, or the spray engineering controls to reduce asbestos, can/solvent mist system. tremolite. anthophyllite. and actinolite Appendix G to 1910.1001--Substance Technical Information for Asbestos--NonMandatory exposure, or where engineering controls are not feasible to reduce asbestos, tremolite, anlhophyilite. and actinolite exposure. Air- purifying respirators equipped with a high- l. Substance identification efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter can be A. Substance: `'Asbestos'' is the name of a class of magnesium-6iiicate minerals that occur in fibrous form. Minerals that are included in this group are chrysotilc. crocidolite, amosito. tremolite asbestos, anthophyllite asbestos, and actinolite asbestos. B. Asbestos, tremolite, anthophyllite. and actinolite are used in the manufacture of used where airborne asbestos, tremolite, anthophyllite, and actinolite fiber concentrations do not exceed 2 f/cc; otherwise, air-supplied, positive-pressure, full facepiece respirators must be used. Disposable respirators or dust masks are not permitted to be used for asbestos, tremolite, anthophyllite. and actinolite work. For effective protection, respirators must fit your heat-resistant clothing, automative brake and face and head snugly. Your employer is clutch linings, and a variety of building required to conduct fittests when you are materials including floor tiles, roofing fells, first assigned a respirator and every 6 months ceiling tiles, asbestos-cement pipe and sheet, thereafter. Respirators should not be and fire-resistant drywall. Asbestos is also loosened or removed in work situations present in pipe and boiler insulation where their use is required. materials, and in sprayed-on materials B. Protective Clothing: You are required to located on beams, in crawlspaces, and wear protective clothing in work areas where between walls. asbestos, tremolite, anthophyllite, and C. The potential for a product containing actinolite fiber concentrations exceed the asbestos, tremolite, anthophyllite, and permissible exposure limit (PEL) of 0.2 f/cc to actinolite to release breatheable fibers prevent contamination of the skin. Where depends on its degree of friability. Friable protective clothing is required, your employer means that the material can be crumbled must provide you with clean garments. with hand pressure and is therefore likely to Unless you are working on a large asbestos, emit fibers. The fibrous or fluffy sprayed-on tremolite. anthophyllite, and actinolite materials used for fireproofing, insulation, or removal or demolition project* your employer sound proofing are considered to be friable, must also provide a change room and and they readily release airborne fibers if* separate lockers for your street clothes and disturbed. Materials such as vinyl-asbestos contaminated work clothes. If you are floor tile or roofing felts are considered working on a large asbestos, tremolite* nonfriable and generally, do not emit airborne anthophyllite, and actinolite removal or fibers unless subjected to sanding or sawing demolition project, and where it is feasible to operations. Asbestos-cement pipe or sheet do so. your employer must provide a clean can emit airborne fibers if the materials are room, shower, and decontamination room cut or sawed, or if they arebroken during contiguous to the work area. When leaving demolition operations. the work area, you must remove D. Permissible exposure: Exposure to contaminated clothing before proceeding to airborne asbestos, tremolite. anthophyllite, the shower. If the.shower is not adjacent to and actinolite fibers may not exceed 0.2 the work area, you must vacuum your fibers per cubic centimeter of air (0.2 f/cc) clothing before proceeding to the change averaged over the 8-hour workday. room and shower. To prevent inhaling fibers II. Health Hazard Data A. Asbestos, tremolite, anthophyllite, and actinolite can cause disabling respiratory disease and various types of cancers if the in contaminated change rooms and showers, leave your respirator on until you leave the shower and enter the clean change room. IV. Disposal Procedures and Cleanup ' fibers are inhaled. Inhaling or ingesting fibers A. Wastes that are generated by processes from contaminated clothing or skin can also where asbestos, tremolite. anthophyllite* and result in these diseases.. The symptoms of .". actinolite.is present include: . these diseases generally ;do hot appear for 20- 1. Empty asbestos, tremolite, anthophyllite. .or more years after initial exposure.. and actinolite shipping containers: B. Exposure to asbestos, tremolite, 2. Process wastes such as cuttings, anthophyllite, and actinolite has been shown trimmings, or reject material. GLEASON-OOI002 m