Document GmdrKKrobKJgDRzY0VxbqvoR4

aiiPSSil S*HS*^S5i56? 1326586 331 SZ N 2t5 ISS9, iat.t .1 Safety Congress Council, October :s. Volume I con:iie sessions of the ontains the Street hide, the Transit. y sessions. :i industrial inemmembers who are rsions it contains, btain Volume II distribute copies 'res, foremen and information they d reference pur sy be obtained as each; 11 or more II cost 75 cents .ord of the pro.d addresses have : sbreviate the less be of particular A rganization and y. volumes, there- 1/ mpact, practical executive, interprevention sue- ? ; for additional 'ational Safctv y "esses, seeks to re not pertinent contrary to the T juitv, however. V hich have beer, se papers. -IL, Inc. Council Officers and Directors. ................................... Council Purposes and Program.................................. 9 Annual Meeting of Members........................................ 11 Annual Banquet .............. 27 Special Subject Sessions-- Eliminating Mechanical Causes of Accidents. .. 29 Fire Control and Prevention................................ 43 Fumes, Gases and Vapors...................................... S5 Governmental Safety Service in Industry.......... 69 Health Service in Industry.................................... 93 Industrial Nursing..................................................109 Maintaining Interest in Safety..............................123 Occupational Disease Control............................... 133 Off-the-Job Accidents .......................................... 149 Safety Inspectors .................. ,............................ 163 The Human Side of- Safety........................... 181 Welding and Cutting..............................................203 Aeronautical Section ................................................... 225 A. S, S. E.--Engineering Section................................. 239 Automotive and Machine Shop Section......................245 Cement and Quarry Section.......................................... 259 Chemical Section...........................................................273 Construction Section ...................... 299 Food Section .................................................................. 319 Marine Section .............................................................. 339 Meat Packing, Tanning and Leather Industries Section ........................................................................ 391 Metals Section .............................................................. 407 Mining Section.............................................................. 449 Paper and Pulp Section................................................. 477 Petroleum Section.........................................................531 Power Press Section....................................................... 557 Public Utilities Section..................................................5S1 Refrigeration Section................................................... 607 Rubber Section .............................................................. 623 Steam Railroad Section................................... 645 Textile Section.............................................................. 677 Safety Exposition Exhibitors. ....... ... _. . . . ..ZL5.^. Index ...................................... !.......................... ........................... T1S''" ooo ND directors \V.iaf.s G. Kin Wm. C. Knoelk. John E. Long, I Titos. H. Mac! R. A. McArtiiu Da. Miller McC 1. W. Millard, ; Harold L. Min> Hon. Eliot Xes C. J. X'obmann. E. J. O'Brien, J Walter S. Pain Lew R, Palmes. C. E. Pettieone B. 0. Pickard. I Albert S. Recu R. J. Rejcei.ltk. Lt. Col. Henry . A. Roberts, ' A. V. RoKWEDf Charles B. Sco Frank T. Sheet Gen. John H. S Carl L. Smith, C. R. Smith, At R. T. Solenste Leslie J. Soken Col John Stii I ik. John M. Steve C. P. Touian, George G. Tk.> Dr. C. H. Way A. W. Whitney ... V. Wright, ' Arthur H. V DIRECTORS H. J. Aldrich A. L. Akmstro Vern W. At J. L Banash, D. A. Barrett Leo H. Beall Ernest W. FC. W. Eekco E. F. Blank H. W. Bocce H. E. Bolt, Sc FFlCERS AND DIRECTORS, Continued 5RS >:?.L Encinef.k? 3) : for Safety Councils .tu tor Industrial Safety cat tor Education :ce-President tor Public Safety nr ior Finance and Treasurer .dent for Engineering lent for Public Relation? .bent tor Home Safety lent for Membership Director and Secretary 7TEE (1939-1940) gg & Sons. Inc. .rnt rie Oil Co. : gaiety Connri: "? Section -'-ty Council '.oal Gimpar.v :nt nairy Surety Co section Alent `arbonic Ccrr. J- Oii Co. I.-c. ': National Rc.,j Cro out.".err. t Eiec t Co. :ti Transit Cc. ovn:cr;i C------ c :cn Lomm. of S'. I, Safety Cotmeii Waltkk G. King, Past President Wst. C. Knoelk, Milwaukee Safety Commission John E. Long, Past President Titos. H. MacDonald, Federal Public Heads Administration R. A. McArthur, Public Service Coordinated Transport Dr. Miller McClintock, Vale University I. W. Millard, Industrial Gloves Co. Harold L. Miner, E. I. du Pom de Nemours S: Co. Hon. Eliot Ness, Director of Public Safety. Cleveland C. J. Nodmann, Petroleum Section E. J. O'Brien. Jr., Louisville Safety Council Walter S. Paine, Aetna Lite &: Affiliated Cos. Lew R. Palmer, Past President C. E. Pettibone, Past President E. O. Pickard, Marine Section Albert S. Regula, Industrial Relations Counselors, Inc. R. J. REiCEt.UTH, Construction Section Lt. Col. Henrv A. Renincek, Past President E. A. Roberts, Textile Section A. V. Rohweder, Duluth, Missabe d: Ir.r. Range Ry. Co. Charles B. Scorr, Past President Prank T. Sheets, Portland Cement Association Gen. John H. Sherburne. Massachuset:.- Safety Council Carl L. Smith, Cleveland Safety Council C. R. Smith, American Air Lines, Inc. R. T. Solensten, Elliott Service Co. Leslie J. Sorenson, City Traffic Engineer. Chicago Col. John Stilwell. Consolidated E l:.-.:: Company oi New Inc. John M. Sylvester, Lehigh Valley SatV.y Council C. P. Tolman, Past President George G. Thayer, Greater Chicago Safety Council Dr. C. H. Watson, Past President A. W. Whitney, National Conservatbureau R. V. Wricht, Railway Age Arthur H. Young, Past President York. DIRECTORS (1939-1940) H. J. Aldrich. Spencer Kelloug tc a-.:.-, ir.c. A. L. Armstrong, Eastman Kodak C r.-.anv Vfrn W. Aubel, Safety Die.. Syracu.-r Chamber of Commerce J. I. Banash. Past President D. A. Barrett, Caniegic-tUir.ois Steel Nrp. Leo H. Beau lag, Blackstouc Valley Safety Council Ernest W. Beck, I'nited States RuLl ?: Co. C. W. Bergu-uist, Past President E. F. Blank. Jones & Laugrdin Steel C. H. W. Boccr.ss, Sinclair Prairie Oii C-. H. E. Boi.t. South Bend Civic Safe/ 000 i-0 tip OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS. Continued DICERS AND DIRECTORS, Cor.nr C. B. Boulet. \\'i;fc.r..'in Public Service Corp. .1. C. Eower, Auipm::-::ve and Machine Shop Section F. \Y. Braun. ASSZ-Engineering Section Joseph A. Eropmy. Elizabeth Saiety Council F. S. Brown. Standard Accident Insurance Co P. X. Cushneli, Cement Section \Y. H. Cameron. National Safety Council A. D. Campbcul, Mining Section L. C. Campbell, The Koppers Coal Co. Robert W. Campbell. Past President Raymond A. Carey. Evanston Safety Council Ray Carney. Kenosha Safety Council Robert I. Cati.in. Aetna Casualty fit Surety Co. D. E. Chant, Paper and Pulp Section \Y.u. M. Clark, St. h^eph Saiety Council Kenneth B. Colman. Seattle Traffic S: Saiety Council J. E. Cllliney, Bethlehem Steel Co. Lewis A. Df.Bi.ois. Past President C. \Y. Dempesy, The Liquid Carbonic Corp. Milton \Y. Dorrzexsky. East Bay Safety Council C. R. Dooley, Socony-Vacuum Oil Co. Inc. James B. Douglas. The Philadelphia Gas Works Co. Marcus A. Dow, Pa;: President Harold F. Endows. .American National Red Cross D. D. Fenneli.. Past President Donald A. Finkreinek, Toledo Safety Council Dr. Hart E. Fisher. Chicago Rapid Transit Co. Victor B. Fitzpatrick. Richmond Saiety Council Howard B. Fonda. Burroughs Wellcome & Co. (L'SA) ir.c. \Ym. H. Forsyth. Superior & Douglas County Safety Council Arthur C. Fry, Worcester Saiety Council John B. Gibson, Western Electric Co. Lyle H. Gift. Peor:a Association of Commerce Safety C/iur.r-: Randolph L. Gilman. Railway Safety Council \V. A. Griffin, American Telephone & Telegraph Co. H. J. Griffith, Meta:; Section E. E. Grover, Columbus & Southern Ohio Electric Co. Harry Guilbert, The Pullman Company D. T. Harrington, U. S. Bureau of Mines Frank H. Harrison, international Harvester Co. G. T. Hei.lmuth, Chicago Rapid Transit Co. E. L. Henry, Steam Railroad Section J. C. Herbert, Greater Los Angeles Safety Council Chas. E. Hill, New York Central System Harold G. Hoffs: Unemployment Compensation Commi.. Xcw Jersey Paul Holland, Baltimore Saiety Counci: j. Andrew Holley. Cl.-.hl Education Section S. B. Horrell, The Carey Salt Co. Major Norman A .'if. Safety Council of Columbus Ckamlv Commerce Merrick Jackson, EmptW. Floyd Jackson. Deir. W.m. F. James. Philaucl: Jasper B. Johnson, Mac T. B. Johnson. Commcr Frank L. Jones. CreateThomas P. Kearns. Oh. Ralph O. Keefer, Chet: H. H. Kelly, U. S. late Walter G. King, Past ! Wst. C. Knpelk, Milwa: Wm. S. Knudsen. Dctri Otto C. Kukrt. Create: C L. LaFountaine, Gr. Roy Lee, Contra Co?ta Arnold Lockerby, Gra: John E. Long. Past Pn Titos. H. MacDonvld. Hon. Arthur W. Ma hides Dennis J. Males'. Sat R. A. McArthur. Pull H. X. McClellan, Be: Dk. Miller McClintoi David L. Miu.ar. St. I I. \Y. Millard, Indus;: Harold L. Miner. E. i Harry S. Moody, Roc R. B. Mobley, Industr R. W. Morse, Rubber C. L. Murray. M.vo: Hon. Eliot Ness. Dir C. J. Xormann. 1'ctro' E. J. O'Bsien, Jr.. Lc. George C. A. Orp, TV. Walter S. Paine. Aa: Lew R. Palmer. Pa-t David A. Patton, \\ C. K. Pilycock. Chat:: CitikLcs W. Pit.vn-'i Commerce C. E. Pettibone. Pas: II. O. Pickard. MartiJutic.r. Harry H. Pa H. A. Ptolemy, Pub! A. R.u.l. Re fritter Albert S. Rixui.a. 1: R. J. Rci-'J.VTH.'Chr L-sjjuj^j^NKV A !' MARixusJKnjtii. Pati E. A.-'.R$ffs. True A) Inc. v our-.rii 'FICEXS AND DIRECTORS, Continued Merrick Jackson, Employees' Publication Section W. Floyd Jackson, Delaware Safety Council Wsi. F. James. Philadelphia Safety Council Jasper B. Johnson, Madison County Safety Council T. B. Johnson. Commercial Vehicle Section Frank L. Jones, Greater New York Safety Council Thomas P. Kearns, Ohio Industrial Commission Ralph 0. Keefer, Chemical Section H. H. Kelly, U. S. Interstate Commerce Commission Walter G. Kjnc, Past President W.M. C. Knoelk, Milwaukee Safety Commission W.u. S. Knldsen. Detroit Industrial Safely Council Otto C. Kl'Hrt. Greater Springfield Safety Council C. L. LaFountaine, Great Northern Railway Co. Roy Lee. Contra Costa County Safety Council Arnold Lockerdy, Grand Rapids Safety Council John E. Lonc. Past President Titos. H. MacDonald. Federal Public Roads Administration Hun. Arthur W. Magee, New Jersey Commissioner of Motor Ve hicles Dennis J. M.u.ey. Safety Bureau. Buffalo Chamber of Commerce R. A. McArthur, Public Service Coordinated Transport K. X. McClellan. Berkeley Tronic Safety Commission Dx. Miller McClintock, Vale University David L. Millar. St. Louis Safety Council I. W. Millard. Industrial Cloves Company Harold L. Miner. E. I. du Pont de Nemours : Co. Harry S. Moody. Rochester Safer.- Council R. B. Mosley. Industrial Accident Prevention Associations R. W. M srse. Rubber Section C. L. Murray. Mason City-Cerro Gordo County Safety Council H jN. El::t Ness. Director ot Public Safety, Cleveland C. J. XortttANN. Peiroieuin Secticr. E. J. O'Ct.iEN. Jr., Luui'viiie Safety Council George C. A. Opp. The Detroit Edison Company '.'.'alter S. Paine. Aetna Life fit A.mliated Companies :\v R. ? ALMui: . Past President win A. Patt1- n. Newa:k Safe :y Council Pi.':"CK. Chattanooga SatV.y Council ; w. r'K.YtmVK. Safety f;:viicnn. Milwaukee Associatinr T::v>Nr, Past Pr 0. :<a is!.'. Marine S-.ction I Porte; Strce x Hici'.v Au rt "..V :v. ruiilic U tiUties S-ction A. X.1. _L. :<c fricerauoi;; See::':r. I.A. iiuhl- trial R- j. it;< . Constrti ;:ion 5 :r.;on -. C;_ ir: LX!; \ A. Ren:: :5 lil Ttv: ie AaINV? a:1 i:::. Pater--!;i T .1! c 1 \ r.. 11: r .\ CERT'. TCN t'ie T V. ~-A' - Vd."*.';,*;.!**/ > < . ' y -53-*. i OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS, Continued Council Purpos The National Safety Council i.- a non- ',.-oat. cooperative association whose obicc- A. V. Rohwedek, Duluth, 4: iron Kang; Rv. Cu. |.ve is the elimination of accidents. Tc. G. E. Sanford, General Electric Company achieve this objective the Council advocate; Henry G. Schaffnex. Meat Packing. Tanning Cic Leather Industrie: ilu- following program o: safety activities: Section Harry E. Sckeakk. Kansas City Safety Council Charles E. Scon, Past President Earl S. Shartzer, Utica Safety Council Frank T. Sheets, Portland Cement Association Gen. John H. Sherel'kne, Massachusetts Safety Ccuncil Dr. L. A. Sholdy, Bethlehem Steel Company Ernest L. Seconds, New Haven Safety Council i 1. CREATING INTEREST IN safe st V. Feoplc will try to prevent accidents Kiiv when they are convinced of three mines: la) that accidents arc ready a scri- ,,ii. problem. threatening personal happiness, industrial efficiency and economic security: ;([.) tiiat accidents don't "just happen," but That each one has definite, ascertainable Adolph Skinner. Safety Dept., Nashville Chamber of 'Commerce rau-cs: (c) that accidents can be prevented. Carl L. Smith. Cleveland Safety Council The basic requirement in a national safe:;, C. R. Smith. American Air Lines, Inc. .program, therefore, is a dramatic tuid ef R. T. Sole.vsten, Elliott Service Company fective presentation of these facts to mort Leslie. J. Sorenson, City Traffic Engineer. Chicago E. C. Spring. Philadelphia, Pa. Col. John Stilwf.i.l. Consolidated Edison Company o: N. V. Inc. Edmund C. Stone, Western Pennsylvania Safety Council John M. Svlvf.ster. Lehigh Valley Safety Council Arthur M. Tode, Consulting Marine Engineer C. P. Tolman, Past President Georce G. Tracer, Greater Chicaeu Safety Comic:: Dr. E. L. Vospurch. General Electric Company Dr. C. H. Watson, Past President Fred A. Webb, Food Section and more people. j 2. FINDING ACCIDENT CAUSES ! Accident cause; are r.ot the same in am jtwo plants, in any two cities, in any tv.< (schools. They are not the same from ortc time to another. Every industrial plant, every city, every school and every other public or private organization, therefore. must study the causes cf accidents in it; u"!i group, so tiiat prevention efforts al ways will be directed a: the tilings really i G. Wise Wescott, Safety Dept.. Automobile Ciub cf Rhode Island T. Anoun White, Safety Div., Birmingham Chamber of Commcrce E. Whiting, Liberty Mutual Insurance Co. , responsible tor accidents. 3. MAINTAINING INTEREST IN A. W. Whitney, National Conservation Bureau SAFETY. People rctau: interest in very 1. C. Wilson. Wood Products Section . ievr things of which they arc not contin- A. X. Woodhead, Albany Safety Council . unusly reminded. Therefore, it is the task W. E, Worth. International Harvester Co. "t the ntwspaper. the radio, the magazine R. V. Wright. Railway Age ' the school, the public -peaker and every Arthur H. Young. Past President . other educational influence to keep remind E. J. Zauft, Safety Bureau, Duluth Chamber of Commerce I big the worker, the driver, the pedestrian M. R. Zf.lder. Power Press Section the housewife and tile school child the freedom from accidents depends on persona caution, and that the safe way is the rigir ''ay anti the- bc't way--from the standpoi.f not only of human ati'factinn, hut c 'ocial efficiency and economy. - A ENGINEERING IMPROVEMENT Many accidents occur because equipment i 'aulty. 'flic punch pre-- i- unirtiardcd, ti: antcniohde brake? are v.oru. tiie stairway 's crudely built, the propeller is defective 'ac stop sign i- ob'Curod. The avoidanc . ac<4^^ierctqne. rcqurrcRMHat tfffiTr ' g ^"'pipisajfliiery ptfve-pt ma.chinery, ever; ome-|,<n^Jii.JcliooI,;jgiuii(in'g,_.^.:i'r\- -higr sound - strip unit film pOrpoe:2l ^*?| :r may not be^*' - to tlicsound Occupational Disease Control -T:i'nnnraea tioonpas__q_u_oef tPJhJ^eroV*>j^iff, '?*.*^; * ' 3 slide unit W- be readily "aanjdj. n.r^v- -*es. 1 THURSDAY MORNING SESSION October 19, 1939 ::o C Ve!( ^Xhe session planned for the discussion t`5^fr,prob!ems m industrial occupational e presented. Pii,ctu,. ' d-isease- cont--rol was called to order by F^A-'S.'Johnson, Assistant to the Manager, audience or the r'^.jpgineering Department, American Muwhich it is toj, yStnal 'Liability Insurance Company, Bos- liMoiC' Mass., who presided. The problems ~.o hous' `^tp^wtre''presen ted as a pane! discussion, and mg and si fT^hijrman Johnson introduced the mem- _l>"ibers of the panel, as follows: --pj oroierto usu^!LuTRoy S. Bonsib, Chief Safety Inspector sKi'Jiew York CityC. ompa of New Jersey t of greater fle;|ii,j>HWa.r-r-e--n-* A.rC" ook, Division of Industrial necessary to proem i.iHygiene and En.g.ine,,eringT ResearIcnh.n: focal length MzK^ridh General Accident S. Liability aernlytereifd.a Tvhaerisehtyort* the projector and CCnommnpaannvy.' CChhiiecaaaSo.' w*c> A' G Cranch' Industrial Toxicology c focal length of';S'r^)*P*rtment' Union Carbide Company, :he average projeeSife^5K,york Ci`y- ;n lenses are usua$E^iSjDr.-Leonard Greenburg, Executive Di-'.'e^Jy&ector. Division of Industrial Hygiene, '"ability is more 1r FYork State Department of Labor. - is governed almost jb NewTtork City. cation. Too much it F .....! pnronj;e.c..t:io--n -poMsiv-Cefj :i to portability. l : a projector lam?; >.!ow 200 watts. ' I; --/ .preference is foi r ' ector bulb of fron;- I:e larger than this Jj .r circuit which may f :eaed. In projectors F :.-ger than 300 watli {[ drait ventilation h rv.ise damage to the ' ' crojcctcd is almos1 i 'he bulb itself may i heat. t Willis G. Hazard, Personnel Division. Owens-Illinois Glass Company, Toledo, O. Dr. E. G. Meiter, Director, Industrial Hygiene Laboratory, Emoioyers Mutual Liabilitv Insurance Comaanv, Wausau. Wis. Dr. O. A. Sander, Milwaukee, Wis. The Discussion Plan CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: We have agreed to have a working base front which we will talk. This working base from which we will try to develop our opinions is what I choose to call a triangle of responsihiliy, visualizing wi:c: may be called the three A. B. C.'s of an equilateral tri angle. ,_.At the taa. of- this triangle is mana_ ment o: an industrial enterprise, the man who has to pay the bids, the mar. who hires the labor, the man v.ha worries about their health. On the left base is the medi cal side. They are the group employed to carry out the medical part of industrial management's responsibility. And on the lower right is the third base of this tri angle where we find the engineers or in dustrial hygienists, who have to develop and prepare for the operating group the controls of occupational disease, as far as engineering is concerned with controlling them. Now, there is a strong tie between the medical and the engineering phases through that base line of the triangle. What we hope to do in discussing each topic is to develop that tie, which we will call the balance of opinion between the medical phases developed by the doctors on my left, and the engineering phases de veloped by the engineers on my right. I would like to ask this panel a ques tion. For a great many years occupational hazards have been studied in one indus try or another. Would this panel feel, let us say, sanguine that any industrial enter prise is now ready, by employing proper personnel, by searching out the answer? wherever they may be found, to solve an occupational disease problem if they have one. and by the proper solution maintain tbc safety and health of the employees: Put another way, are we still groping in the dark on some of these hazards by reason of conflict of opinion, conflict of experimental data and theoretical expres sion by folks who find the theoretical, haz ard in exposure because it is suggested in the book? Will Dr. E. G. Cranch talk briefly along this line of suggestion? DR. CRANCH: This question is a broad one: Is any industry satisfied that it is in a position to solve an occupation.-.: disease on the basis of present informa tion? I would say, absolutely yes, for the maioritv of occupational disease problem.; are sufficiently understjftE-.-ftl adorn efrT-' civnt measures for contnKS;"g.!'"' .i IS ppiv;nT 2Sth Xaiional Satctx Conarcss Occuf CHAIRMAN" JOHNSON: Frequently I hear it said, "Well, why should 1 do anything about this until you lolks come to terms on whether I ought to have two parts per million or two thousand parts per million?" Let us develop this farther and ask the opinion of Dr. E. G, Meiter. on the engineering side. DR. MEITER: I agree with Dr. Cranch that there is enough known to solve these occupational disease hazards. If some employers are not willing to do anything at all until all possible informa tion is available. I would say that they are never going to start. In solving these occupational disease problems, we have a progressive solution. In the same way that the 1940 automobile could not have been built in 1920. just so arc we progressing in all the branches of engineering, ventilation, ventilation equip ment, and respiratory protective devices, and so I think adequate information is available. A Basis,for Truth CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: I think we have a balance of opinion there. If you have an occupational disease hazard, there is enough knowledge stored somewhere in the books and brains to tackle it or solve it in progressive fashion. But we are clut tered up. I think, by a lot of crack-brained notions. I have read any quantity of liter ature in which somebody has ventured the opinion that because such and such ma terials are used, we must have a hazard that is just about ready to kill off the population of the plant. Do wc know enough about the hazards atid control of benzol, silicosis, arsenic, phosphorus, radium, x-ray, and so forth, to sort out the truth and build upon solid fact an effective safety program? Will Dr. Leonard Grecnburg develop that for a coup!e ot minutesr DR. GREENBURG: It seems to me that there is a definite body of evidence which is available on the more important occupational poisons and for the more important occupational diseases, that make; it possible to prevent and control these poisonings and these hazards with a great deal of certainty. That Tiolds for substances such as car bon monoxide and lead and chromium and arsenic and hcnzol. 1'hc chief rcasor., c seems to me. why we still continue have poisonings in industry is because employer and the worker do not Teij*, the gravity of these hazards and do rot take the problem seriously enough to a. stitute the necessary and proper means o; .jujrcmentf That is. by visual . ion Or does he feel that it is be cstion desirable to have the surv. ethnically by industrial hygienist \Ttn trained to sample proper proper instruments? prevention. MR. BONSIB: I think the CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: Now [ ia going to switch to the engineering u-;( and ask the same question. Let us visual, ize an industrial enterprise that is tearful, that has a notion that some exposure ; 4 serious one. and wants to know if :-;;i is anything from an industrial engineer::* standpoint that will make it impossible er difficult to devise the proper instrantesti to measure the quantity of exposure, whether it he dust, gas or fume. -rouble in industry today is th. 1-is been too much guess work. with insidious problems suci r.ew substances and some of the dances which have been introdu r.rC(ty hard to hang your hat o thing, and the average exccutiuints to know exactly what is v mu cannot know that without evidence. You have got to get <h formation and data. I ant going to turn that over to Warren Cook. MR. COOK: Today wc have rr.rrt When once you know the fac: an only be obtained through means and by experienced people cive them something definite - methods available for finding out hov they can base definite conclusion much of the injurious materials a man is sltich you can base your p being exposed to than v. c have' eve: had treasures. in the past. Formerly it was a very iibori-- ous procedure in most cases to aralva the atmosphere inhaled by the worker. Today in connection with more and mart of the injurious materials, we are f.avinf placed in our hands and arc havtr.g de veloped methods which will quickly tell us how much of the injurious material in the atmosphere breathed hv the worker. CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: N touted that we can discuss son: "oWcms. We have our base, 1 tenement that there is no ordi: i-ational disease hazard that < raped with, that there is sufri 'ience to sort fact from fancy, >re instruments sufficient in qu: hnii for proper engineering an: Wc have devices which will determine the concentration of carbon rr.cno.u merely by reading a gauge. Similar equip ment is being developed for other ous materials. For vapors, about me beS device is the Inncrpcrometer. and we hope wc will he able to get equipment of I kind manufactured in this country one these days, hut at the present ::~e i< rather difficult to obtain. in Practically industrial all of the injuriou atmospheres can ; r.-.ate'rid* h:ee ddtf mined. simple Some of the methods than others, but method; -e are. m0'4 boteiv'l lril there is no need of gucssir. Let us start now an occupa control program. Wc havi Le management at the top s. ?' ^Mard, it my. Control it. . *m seft:ng up a medical dop. L.Wtmg up engineering or . ~-?ienists. I want you fellows t ^Program so that my operati can -.nstall the necessary ;Ce*ttver !'-.ey may be. and asst- , "'L >* no emergence of <1 'n of these exposures." simplified all of the time so the The Medical Prograr giuecr in the plant these methods. can avail h.'.mse*1 't us kuiid first the medi {f, JlrcTram. Of what does ; CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: Now I '.yW Dr. 0. A. Sander? going to ask Roy Bonsib a rather cr> ^ question. In cases of-doubt, v. here ^ j has to be balanced with knowledge- *'^ j he think it advisable to attempt to i y jw'^^ER: I am glad ; Lj7175''Witk:!-acI'ed.-jjp.i=ps--f e*olv?miv'ed-ic'cuoainil-utprocrirl - hazard cbS ' iayjrtgi Occupational Disease Control 135 c!iici reason renieni? That is. by visual observa- :ill continue',.' : : ^su0'r does be feel that it is beyond all -y is because t1' - "n'tl-on desirable to have the survey made - do not rc;jj',' ; ^Tnically by industrial hygienists or by rds and d0 r.r'. ; y enough to ;>roper means o; lCC" trained to sample properly with ^oper instruments? j ^ ilR BOX'SIB: I think the greatest O X : X ow I j,, ' engineering j Let us visuji ; e that is fearful I :ic exposure is ^ o know if there ' -trial engineering it impossible or 1 t>pcr instruments ! ty of exposure. ! r fume. ! trouble in industry today is that there kjs been too much guess work. In dcaljne with insidious problems such as the pew substances and some of the old sub- <tances which have been introduced, it is preitv hard to hang your hat on every thing, and the average executive today want; t0 know exactly what is what, and rou cannot know that without concrete evidence. You'have got to get definite in formation and data. "A over to Warren i When once you know the facts, which ran only be obtained through technical 'C have more r. indittg out ho* itcrials a man is [ mean; and by experienced people, you can give them something definite on which they can base definite conclusions and on which you can base your preventive c Itavc ever had ' as a very labor;- 1 cases to analyte ! . by tlte worker. , it tnorc and more X. we are having t i arc having de- : wiil quickly tell ! .rious material is '" ri by the worker, h will dctermir.r arbon monoxide . e. Similar cquipfor other injuri- about the he;: 'ter. and we hope tuipment of thh - country one c< resent time it i: measures. CHAIRMAN" JOHNSON": Now I feel assured that we can discuss some detailed problems. We have our base. Wc are in agreement that there is no ordinary occu pational disease hazard that cannot be roped with, that there is sufficient evi dence to sort fact from fancy, that there are instruments sufficient in quantity and kind for proper engineering analysis, and thii there is r.o need of guessing. Let us start now an occupational dis ease control program. Wc have Plant X". The management at the top says. "Find nty hazard, if any. Control it. if need be. I am setting up a medical department: I ;,m setting up engineering occupational hygienists. I want you fellows to work out 3 program so that my operating depart- .turtous materia:; ? car. lie detercthoris are ntorc tethods are being ir.er.t can install the necessary safeguards, 'vnatever they may be. and assure me that '-ere will he no emergence of disability by rew.n n, these exposures." so the safety en- The Medical Program avail himself o' us build first the medical hair" of -OX: Xow I air --'a: prouram. Or what docs it general!'/ ' -:. Dr. C. A. Sander" > a rather cLtict at:hr. where res' . f.OV.-lcd CC. WOi'l't xttemp: to denar ;:hou; technic.-' -:'T. '-`m.mX-Ltre. : Peru glad you empiia- tuc need of a medical program in at. '"f.sttnnal disease control program. r- with tire engineering centre,i. examination of ail worker; exposed to a particular occupational hazard is as necessary as is the exact determination of a hazard by engineering methods. The appearance or the findings in any group of workers exposed to a particular dust, or what have you, gives an accurate picture of the hazard which has existed over a period of years. That picture is one which the engineers cannot give you. because their dust counts or other deter minations may be only temporary or may vary from day to day. It may have changed considerably in the past few years: the hazard may have been for example, ten times as great two years before as it was on the day the dust counts were made. So no occupational disease control is ade quate without initial examination of all employees. CHAIRMAN" JOHNSON": Dr. Sander has developed the need tor the medical examination as a survey question to deter mine whether conditions as they have ex isted have produced any pathology in the men. Let us assume that, and install our program of control. Dr. Grecnburg. what do you feel about the need for periodicity in the examination program? DR. GREENBURG: That would largely depend on what particular hazards were present in the plant itself. In certain cases it would be desirable -to examine workers very frequently, perhaps even as oitcr. a; once a month: and in other in stances it might be very satisfactory to examine them once a year, depending on just what particular substances the work ers were exposed to in their daily occupa tion and bow satisfactory the technical means of control were. For example, in the case of benzol, it might be satisfactory to examine workers every three months. I believe in the case of tetraethyl lead, the du Pont Company examines its employees about once a month, though I am not quite sure about that. In the case of sand blasters, it might be desirable to examine them and x-ray them every six months: whereas in the ca-'e feundrymen it might be perfectly -atisiactcry if the men arc engaged in ordinary foundry work to examine them i .nee a year and x- an^aern oncc a .vear or :: -.-very vear r uh! be large '.eociuiinc cl ' oood : i hfpl .V-*` fggg $KS $ iX&L j&N'V 1 fio 2Sth Satior.ai SafL'ty l uiiorcs.s lion ami ihc particular substances cm- :iii\vcd. CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: I would like to ask Dr. Grcenburg to amplify just one point. If the survey about which Dr. Sander spoke discloses no specific occu pational disease hazard as having caused any pathology--and that is the situation that obtains in most plants--but still there may be some moderate exposures to this or to that, and the management wants to be perfectly sure, how often as a general thing should those men come up for re examination? consider carefully the opinion expressed there. You will observe that he ha> placed the burden upon his own proiession, by careful discussion, oi course, with the management that is to pay the bill; but the decision must rest with the doctor upon the evidence as presented by the conditions of the plant and the employees themselves. There is no cook book formula which says you must put employees through the mill at standard intervals. Eut the making of medical examinations is another thing. It always presents problems, because men frequently are frightened when they Understand, this survey has disclosed know they are being examined to see ii no pathology, no damage, nothing you can there is anything the matter with them, put your teeth in or hang your hat on as not just being examined to see if they indicating a great need for engineering are all right. They are always tearful changes in current methods of control. that some dire calamity may overtake Re-examination Periods them soon. It is a real personnel prob lem. one that has to be handled with DR. GREENDURG: That would largely depend on whether there were any hazardous materials being used in the plant. It the condition of the men at the time of the initial examination was quite negative and no hazardous material is be ing used in the plant, I should say the de cision as to whether or not you arc going to have physical examinations is largely an open one. and a matter of wide judg . judgment. I am going to ask Dr. Cranch if, in his long experience of examining a great many employees for operating exposures that might not be hazardous, lie has al ways been able to keep those employees calm and collected and quiet and quite content with what things were found. DR. CRANCH: Physical examination ment. programs for occupational disease con For example, in the case of a depart ment store's employees, where young women act as salesladies, under ordinary conditions, it might not be necessary or desirable to give them physical examina tions more than once in five years, per haps not even then. trol can hardly be divorced from a physi cal examination program aimed at general health conservation. Where it is possible to have a medical service, where the physi cian is in daily contact with tlte man. physical examination presents far fewer difficulties than where it is done only for the sake of occupational disease control If. on the other hand, the physical ex aminations were quite negative, and yet toxic materials are being employed, the decision would depend on how toxic those materials are ar.d what the analysis of the plant atmosphere shows. If an outside phvsican comes in to ex amine certain groups of men at intervals of from one month to two years, men logicallv have a right to expect that there may be something going ' wrong with those who are called in frequently, on It seems to me that the answer to the that leads to considerable nervousness 0B question is a matter of judgment which their part as to what will be found. m.irsr-be -based--on-a- comparison of the There is a matter of psychology 3I,<! relative hazards of the exposure as com pared with the cost and desirability of continuing intensive physical examination, and only by knowing the detailed facts can one arrive at a sound decision in a particular given instance. practice in carrying out such a program o- examinations, h is much simpler, whet' it is possible to ably frequent arrange it. to examinations have for rge<s"cfornJ-l health conservation, and these exam11'2 tions. then, will be included in tlte reg11 CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: I think procedure and help to determine the c!ieJ that it is very important for you all to of an occupational disease exposure Occufa: Dr. Greeulmrg said, we do n as a rule a routine exair,inat: 2 fixed interval of a year, we wii The periodicity of our re-examir.a; determined largely by several fa first, the possible exposure to occupa disease hazards; second, what we no: connection with that man's health : days go by. Our supervisory force is usual', structed to send in any man who 2 little under the weather, who dot seem to be doing well, who seems slipping a little. From their recomm tions often we pick up cases that cer require examination which othwould easily have been overlooked. Another thing which we have to rt ber is that many symptoms arc cc not only to occupational disease sures incident to life in general: amedical program for the control of national disease is therefore ext: important in that the contact must tablished with the men to determin-. changes are going on and what i. origin. CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: T! portant point to me is that you drag in a physician from the outsi' is a total stranger to your problem, because he is an expert toxicologist pert something else, and ask him to a medical examination or control pr lor about a week, ar.d then depart. Hire him to consult with you Physician, but let vc'ur own physi fold the occupational disease prog: 10 the general health conservatic ?ram, that the findings of the one s Augment and support the findings other. Now I am going to talk to the en, ?nd assume that a survey has bee m which we have discovered a t'ttnciently dangerous so that, in t tors opinion, something ought to ; ibou* it._ I am no: tlin Er,e so far as to kiii mtn, but it hr, ^tsted itself either in moderate earl; ms 0r some actual demonstra holSy in a few. uh .; a?h this group of ei the tuedfita'i ww:: hey mav usftnta'utr eir own work in co: 000205 Occupational Disease Control ' express,.he hs, J"'n Pro:,s; j caurse. tv,;'. 1 w ^e bi:f i ::n the dot.' -"ted by ,t;f | - employ,,, i -nula which j through th* I the maki,ig :other thing , ecause mer j -viten they ; ia to see if ; 'vitit them. . i see ii they ; ays iean'e; : :ay overtake sonnel probandled with it, ir. his "5 a great ug exposures lie lias al;e employers vt and quite ere found, examination lisea.-e con cent a physi.fi at genera : is possible a the piivs::h the niatt. : - tar fewer ,::e oniy tor .-asc control tes its to exat interval; years, met c: that then -Tona wit:', cuently. a:1.'. VOUsile'S 01 t uoiegy iniv - prPLLT.T.ll 0 _ npier. v.-tier: .eve r-.a-oi.- eenern sc t!; c r>. tfil.r As Dr. Grcenhurg said, we do not atnt as a ru'e a routine examination at '"fixed interval of a year, we will say. The periodicity of our re-examination is determined largely by several factors: first, the possible exposure to occupational disease hazards; second, what we notice in connection with that man's health as the days go by. Our supervisory force is usually in structed to send in any man who seems a little under the weather, who does not seem to be doing well, who seems to be jlippine a little. From their recommenda tions often we pick up cases that certainly require examination which otherwise would easily have been overlooked. Another thing which we have to remem ber is that many symptoms are common not only to occupational disease expo sures incident to life in general: and the medical program for the control or occu pational disease is therefore extremely important in that the contact must be es tablished with the men to determine what changes are going on and what is their origin. CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: The im portant point to me is that you cannot drag a physician from the outside who is a total stranger to vour problem, merely because he is an expert toxicologist or ex pert something else, and ask him to set up a medical examination or control program for about a week, and then depart. Hire him to consult with your own physician. but let your own physician so fold the occupational disease program in>o tne general health conservation pro gram. that the findings of the one serve to augment and support the findings of the other. Now I am going to talk to the entrineers. arc assume that a survey has been made ir. ich we have discovered a hazard ^'"c'-cntly dangerous so that, in the doc- (c-r ; camion, something ought to be done a^cu; I anl not assumin'.' that it ha; Fen, so far as to kill men. but it has mani- s*S-.:: - ibselreither In moderate eariy symp- tc.tr. tor ' 5 or Ty in some a few. actual demonstrable pa- '''a.-it to ask this group cf engineer? "rev want the mcdicai men to tell ~ which they may use :o utmost ad--:ue :u them own work in r^nnrctir.r with surveying to locate and :.::d the hazard that they want to control. Will Willis Hazard discuss that one? MR. HAZARD: It seems to me that tiie most important thing that the doctor can tell the engineer is what his findings are from the physical examination. That more or less determines how serious the hazard is; it often isolates it to certain in dividuals iu the plant, and that points the way to places that should come under en gineering control in that regard. CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: Perhaps you have already visualized what I am leading to. I want Mr. Bonsib to develop that a little farther. Here we have the medical examination installed to disclose what is wrong, if anything. I want him to develop the engineering control method. What iact and what data does he need to go about his business? Engineering Control MR. BONSIB: Since the damage to the human mechanis upon the exposure and the con the engineer should know the allowable concentration to whirl have to maintain the working a or the working condition, and gincer that is something that profession must give so that th will have something to which t I think the answer to the que is that it is very essential that old or maximum allowable cc-: permissible be known. CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: I do not think we will quarrel about :':a:. I am certain no engineering group -.-.ill stick out its neck far enough to define for the medical profession ` what constitutes the safe threshold limit. It is net quite the answer to the question I had in mind, however. For a great many years, yc know, the medical profession has been conducting its work successfully In incu try, main- mining the greatest degree c: confidence between the employees ar.c the doctor through the fact that the c ctor never revealed what was the ma t_-,v^rh the man if there was anythinjy '""tig. He grades the men in a general ftpiov- aide, or employable subje yT-t>v.mcu:C3l ' 111' : r}* -'HTji mCt'T-M.f \ :# if m !. rV v', "'ffe 0C02CB rs; 2Sth Xatioiial Safety Connress service, or employable in limited expo sures. 1 think I have blown open a question here: Can the doctor inform the engineer of a sufficient number of tact; about the hazard to which these men have been ex posed without weakening that professional confidence which he has established in the workmen whom lie is examining? What I want this group of engineers to develop is: Can they use adequately mass information, or information about the group, without having to know that Mike Dambrowski is about one month from emerging with a disability: Wiil yon de velop that. Mr. Hazard? MR. HAZARD: It seems to me it is entirely possible tor the engineer to use the medical results in a purely statistical manner. He does not have :o know who is sick or whether it is Mike Dambrowski or somebody else. It is extremely impor tant that he know the number oi people who are showing the same ailment and '.he number of people who are working in the department or the piau: as a whole. MR. EOXSIC: I do no: see how you ran protect against something unless you know what it is going to he: and I do ncu -ce how you can provide necessary pro tective measures without knowing to what extent you have to go on them. You must know the threshold limit to viiicli the sub stance on the material, whether it is gas. fume or dust, is causing the trouble. If you do not know what the toxic limit is. that is. the amount it takes to make people sick or how much the human mechanism van stand, making due allowance lor the idiosyncrasies of the susceptible, I do not see how the engineer can provide the necessary measures. Therefore. I still maintain that the threshold limit is the essential tiling for the engineer to know. That gives him something to shoot at. In other words, he must reduce that concentration to the point he low which it will not make any one sick, and the length c: exposure neces sary to which that perst.n must be ex posed. MR. COOK: An instance might lie cited "here other factors than threshold limits have been utilized. For example, in the cypsum industry, In certain plants there is wlint is known as a sanded plaster manufacturing operation "here there is much dust. It had been shown ;ha; gypsum dust itself does not cause silicosis or injury to the lungs. Where there is silica sand, we look for that injury to the lungs and the development of fibrosis and siiicosis where the exposure is high and continued over a long period of time. Consequently, where about half of the material used in this operation was siiica sand, it was the guess of the engineer that here was a condition which had to be con trolled eaectivclv to keep the dust concen tration down to very low levels. To everyone's surprise, the x-ray exami nations oi workers who had been exposed to these operations for a number of years, showed that there was no development of fibrosis. Funner engineering data was coi/ected. and it was found that tno things hap pened. In the first place, the grain size of the sand was rather uniformly large and well washed. There was no abrasive action to produce a great number of fine particles. In the air itself, the concentra tion of tree silica was not 50 per cent, or what it was in the main material, but only one or two per cent. Finally, laboratory examination showed that where you get quartz dust falling, or whore you would get gypsum dust settling out of the air fairly rapidly, the quartz dust settled out more rapidly: and the combination oi quartz anti gypsum settled out even more rapidly thaw either one alone, due to the fact that the gypsum dust caused agglom erations with the silica dust, and you had large groups of particles which caused this more rapid settling. Mow, the data obtained through the medical examination and the x-ray ",JS what gave the hint that the cost and the completeness of the control at that operation was not as great as it would normal!.' be thought to he by the engineer walking into the situation. CHAIRMAN' JOHXSO.V- I :hmkfha? illustration hinds toecthci*"'t::c*c vanou? points. I have watched that particular .-:udy ^ dfmvoicderlonapneontdstachwta,ivttheheftaionegankrlgnesioan:wet et,dhreesaanlddyiootdhfcitnnionogrtet rakkeehspotot".*"'th,thaf<et in his file) telv. '> Mow It^Ji'sVstttnmarize tdf'jqst' a ment. to gglbAyberc wr'hnve affixed- mV/. ;,ave the doctors and thtwo bases of our triac.gitatiguine that hazards . We know enough, there edge in the aggregate We say that the need : cram is as vital as the cineering program: tha: K> be the plant doctor, a specialists as he needs t sd with him; that the amount of factual ittfc must turn over to the gineer for his use as a lonnances. and that ; should tel! tite engine low the hazard must b> it reasonably safe; tha: perfectly willing and . hazard in some fashion things: and the period, nation to find out win did a job or not depen lions as the doctor find in the men themselves. Of course, the engicontinue to use the in? to check their own rest: Xow I am going c program and explore tions suggested there, cuss phases of exhaust m the engineering c: scribing machinery of to make it possible : design an exhaust sys; thinks he needs it? A: grade." glorified vacu: market to pick one c ;nd install it in the to produce results: it^r- Mciter, will fioughts on present : tailor-made exhaust engineer,',,!, design of the individual plaiv Exhaust ' DR- MEITER: In ct available readv-n li0n equipment, flic n >flcct from n c.v problems has In the progress of thi; "3^-' ^at I mean lh: 'V,H have, say, `r-TT-n 'r ca" film in an uoo: . shown that cause silicosis .'here there is injury to the of fibrosis and -e is high and >d of time. ut half of the .tion was silica c engineer lhat had to be conre dust conccnievcls. he x-ray exarnii been exposed tmher of years, development of i was collected, vo things hap. the grain size uniformly large was no abrasive : number of fine the conccntra: 50 per cent, or ".aterial. hut only nally. laboratory : where you get here you would . out of the air oust settled on: combination of ; '* 111 even more .ore. chie tn the T`it*cil ayglon;- and you line ::ich earned thi: .'i throuch the . the x-rav was :':e co<t and tl-.e 'i a: that opera would norma;:;' nru:ccr walki;:c 7'N: I think that - r r::c>*o vartoc:? :cu:ar -mdv d mn-rc-r. ;m<: ::! no* know. >" -name rm-v.-t y-r - v;ur kem tin.: vvV-i-n v'V Occupational Disease Control 139 l,3ve the doctors and the engineers as the mo bases of our triangle. Our panel feels sanguine that hazards can be controlled. \Ve know enough, there is enough knowl edge in the aggregate to control them. We say that the need for a medical pro gram is as vital as the need for an en gineering program; that the doctor ought to be the plant doctor, augmented by such specialists as he needs to employ to coun sel with him: that they have a certain amount of factual information that they must turn over to the hygienist or en gineer for his use as a check for his per formances. and that the medical crowd should tell the engineering crowd howlow the hazard must be taken to consider i: reasonably safe: that the engineers arc perfectly willing and able to tackle the hazard in some fashion if they know those things; and the periodicity of the exami nation to find out whether the engineers did a job or not depends upon the condi tion; as the doctor finds the record written in the men thcrr.scivcs. Of course, tire engineers tire going in continue to use the instruments of survey to check their own results. .Vow 1 pm going down to our i>riiuctl program and explore some of the ques tions suggested there. The panel will dis cuss phases of exhaust systems. Are there vi the engineering catalogues, data de scribing machinery of one kind or another to 'ir.aks it possible for the engineer to dtsien a :t exhaust system if he wants it. or thinks i: : needs it: Are there enough high .trade. ; iorined vacuum cleaners rm the narke: to pick cite out of the catalogue ?.nd ir.i to prod: Dr. :Meiter. will you develop your though: on rreset'.: market conditions of :ade exhaust systems as against ring design of exhaust system.: to 't the adividuai plant circuin-t.am'es' Exhaust Systems np. :MEITER: in my opinion, there i- avaviable reaciv-made exhaust ventila- ' .:ipm.-.The assumption that you . i. * \,-c: a catalogue and ventilate `ur :,r t)h'o:::s has been a great drawback ih.; r.-.gru-:: c-t this work. . ':y 'at ! this: Oflenibnv: a `on- :i: '-.v.-e. _-.:y. a local tv. i\ orker at! k::u av.ti he. uithoiu know - ing what the requirements are of the State Code, without knowing the limits to which the gas, dust or fume has to be exhausted, immediately sets about and de signs a hood. Then, without even knowing how much air can be handled by that hood, he'looks into the classified section of the telephone book and calls up the fan company. The fan company has a salesman, but he is not in. so the office girl looks up the technical data, and the company ships the fan. When this ventilating system is finally installed, the sheet metal worker says. "Well, the sheet metal work portion of it is all right, and that is all I guarantee." Then the fan company, on the other hand, says that the fan delivers a certain volume of air at the speed shown in their catalogue, so they wash their hands of it. And finally, when the whole thing is in. it does not work and a job has been poorly done. So the point I wish to make is that ventilation, no matter how simple, requires technical knowledge and technical instru ments to determine when the system is rvaiiy working. CHAIRMAN' JOHNSON: l think Dr. Meiter has put his finger on a very critical point. When I speak about engineering control. I mean engineering control, and I do not mean tinsmith control. Let me illustrate. Sander talked about the metal fume fever, zinc shakes. Visualize, if you will, the problem of a shipyard building de stroyers for the United States Navy of galvanized sheet plate, with a great aezi vi electrical welding work to be done in connned spaces, in the little tanks and cell? of which tl-.e ship is constructed. There is a plant set up in the field, you might say. lying for nearly a year at its fitting-out basin, a little plant about 323 feet Ic-ng and 30 feet wide. 23 to 30 feet meddeb depth and heaven only knows how many tanks in it (they get down to pretty small sizes'' with welding to be done in most. In those confined spaces welding, sttam-'ttm.g and electrical-work-must be ''rue. C::.n you imagine a tailor-made vnf.'.atv.g system, being used there: 'TT -vv , vt usually the purpose is to prevent the moderate amounts of something or other from coming into contact with the skin. These creams and lotions are of two kinds, those that are water soluble tor use in oily exposures, and those which arc oil soluble ior use in aqueous exposures. This use ot cream. I declare arbitrarily, as Chairman of this party, is not in lieu of any other control. These creams are used because controls cannot be made absolute, and because there are sensitive *kins to be taken care ot. Dr. Crunch, would you like to iliscus> the effectiveness and the use of creams, from the viewpoint of the doctor who has a cock-cyed purchasing agent who buys an oil soluble when he wants a water *oh;Me. and vice versa: Protective Creams and Lotions UK. CRANCH: I think you have -larted something. Protective creams cer tainly have a held in the protection of skin from various irritant substances. I would put far ahead of the use of protec tive creams, however, pood personal hygiene n::d thorough cleanliness on the part o' the worker. Where that is ob tained. the question of protective creams in of lesser importance: sometimes nega tive importance. There are certain exposures, however, where no amount of personal hygiene or cleanliness is enough to protect from pos-ibte harm. Therefore, we do have a place for protective creams oi the two classes Mr. Johnson has just mentioned. Primary in the consideration and selec tion of any cream, of course, is the nature of the exposure. It it is on an oily sub stance. v. e must use a water soluble cream which will form a coating over the -kin and resist the penetration ot the oily material. And. o:: the oilier hand, it it is a water 'oluhle -xbstance from which we must have protection, we must have an oily ha>e in :!*c protective cream. The J:r*t consideration, then, is that the cream i-.-clt shall not contain an irritant. That iiuulentally opens up the whole held of allergy. There are many people sen sitive to certain of the common ingredients used in many of these protective coatings. They c:.n probably only bo discovered b\ means of a patch test or by actual expert, ence in the use of the cream. In chat case, some other means of protection 'must be adopted, or the man assigned to other w'ork. The great proportion of creams now on the market appear to be reasonably fret from any irritants or substances that are particularly likely to bring about an al lergic reaction. The main thing is to select the one designed for the type oi protec tion required. These creams, wc have found, are often considerably abused. Men seem to think, in many place.-, that the cream ha< to be applied in a coating that by its mechanical thickness to the naked eye will protect the skin. 1 have seen a man put on a quarter of a pound where halt an inch squeezed out of a tube would probably have answered the purpose. In that cn-c. they otter: run into other difficulties. Many of these creams which protect from oil substances, are creams which have a *^ap base: the men are simply running around in a soap poultice, and they work uu an irritation which is a. great or in some cases greater than that which would have resulted from the ex posure they sought to prevent. In the oily cream preparation; which protect from water soluble substances, they offer u- very queer mixtures. Lano* line as a h;s*c. I think, is the thing oi choice for that type of protection, rather than a petrolatum. It works a little fur ther into the -kin. I believe, and will pro tect in a more thorough manner than the petrolatum base preparations which just smear over the surface and are more easily rubbed off and tail in their protec tion. Vnother thing to consider is. that d'1' last word h;>- certainly not been said f1'1 protectne creams: they are in the process of rather rapid rftrrefoprncrtt'.' I helicvL there are commercially available maiP -nimble ivur- of protective creams, aud* mi the other hand, they cast be made J'P tor a ^pecirc purpose very satisfactorih on iltc advice of your physician. You get a u-rv -\tisfactory cream that can produced in hulk tor your own use. ry. Pratr.rfioa-,- XCHXsJ^.'AVc '" discnC&Ufrf QCCk^ torv protection. In conr.i examination of thousand men. Dr. Sander has exp: tions which they cortdu knows what they all mear. lias found that some of tr. tected by exhaust system the me" see protected by protection, eitltcr filters or oi respiration. I interpret respiratory mean the kind of respire that you stick onto the ma is all respiratory protcctic if Dr. Sander would : whether or not lie has iou examination of men that type of respirator has be will actually protect thc.tr. DR. SANDER: BeckWasters. undoubtedly the met affords almost 100 pr ior the prevention of silic. helmet is kept i:i pood wi and provided the air presthe helmet is satisfactory. tn the observation of blasters in a seven-year yet to see the first one who had worked only with met. Also. 1 have seen r stage cases develop a scosis during that interv: case has been kept at v. been shifted. We feel that a sand modern helmet is breathi anyone else in the found:*tct. and there is ccrta shifting him out onto th p piece of respirator} eii'nig h:ui more du-t t: his sand hlastinp job. ^s far a> the oilier fc conv;nf course .`sable i.-, exhaust wher j're a lew occupations t: austed satisfactorily. 'Jnd clu-ming, ami win T'UH lic done, it is advi> ,.'"5 tr> 'VIr the filter i ,, P- evcr there it is adv ,1 er. method of cleani -B*' !' W! that is feasi ',*h,n:r mitlt liiph ,v p'P sand, and so ''''h ordinary stand -swi'ueacKSflSWi&.S! c.NiH-rj. I:: ihat caS{ :must be ted tu other j ' now 0r soiiably t>C( :cci that arr about an *j. 5 U to sclec; :>e ot prottjC. ud. arc often cm to think, it". Has to bt :s mechanical wuil protect an pat on a ial: an inch dd probably \ ? * \ * | into other reams which are creams yu arc simply loalticc. and '.''rich is a..r than that mom the cx- r.ttor.s which substance;. lures. La ne ttle thing o: rather a little turot'i will prn- uer titan the ticii jus: t arc more r iiroroc- that I lie cvr. said or ire process 1 believe !e mam .e rtade its -att-f.sctwri!;., You car t. it cat; In . protection. In connection with the '"^ination of thousands oi foundry- t'` n Dr. Sander has explored the operaT ' which they conduct so that he knows what they all mean. He oi course has found that some of the men arc pro moted by exhaust systems, and some of ,he men are protected by personal body protection, either filters or the airline type of respiration. J interpret respiratory protection to mean the kind ot respiratory protection that yon stick onto the man. Oi course, it is all respiratory protection, but I wonder u Dr. Sander would like to discuss whether or not he has found by the actual examination of men that the satisfactory type of respirator has been found which will actually protect the. men. DR. SANDER: Beginning with sand blasters, undoubtedly the modern air hel met affords almost 100 per cent protection for the prevention of silicosis, provided the helmet is kept in good working condition, and provided the air pressure coming into the helmet is satisfactory. In the observation of about 300 sand blasters in a seven-year period I have yet to see the first one develop silicosis who had worked only with the modern hel met. .Also. I have seen no so-called firststage cases develop a second stage sili cosis during that interval. A first-stage case has been kept at work: he has not been shitted. We feel that a sand blaster with a modern heimet is breathing k-ss .lust than anyone else in the foundry as a matter of fact, and there is certainly m point in shifting him out onto the lie or. removing his piece of respiratory n- ` et'"ii and giving him more du.-t lean ' - :- getting at In's sand blasting job. As iar as the other foundry operation- are concerned, of course it it always ad visable to exhaust when po-uhie. There are a few occupations that .u.-mot he ex hausted satisfactorily. One : these i- sr.ud chipping, and where chipping must he done, it is advisable :'.r the chip- ners to wear the filter rc = p:rr.t:r = . How ever. even there it is advisable try some 'liter method oi cleaning y i 'at ;s ,-,i! that i* feasible-- 'ashing with high pres-v: ''..ter ami solid, ami ill: orriinarv -;o:id urm- no need of respiratory protection, provided, an exhaust system is used and is in proper working condition. The exhaust ventilation for swing grinders is a little more difficult, but it has been accomplished. There are very few swing grinders in Wisconsin that are exhausted, however. It has been our ex perience that swing grinders have not de veloped as much silicosis as was at first believed, and the reason probably is that by the time they get the castings there is no more molding sand on them. It has all been removed first in the grinding wheels with all the artificial abrasive, so the only silica the swing grinder is breathing is generally plant dust. Molders and core makers need no spe cial respiratory protection, in my opinion. A moider just could not do the job very wcil it lie were required to wear a respira tor from morning until night. I do not think I would depend on a respirator for the protection of the man with the tuberculous scar. I would rather move him to some other job. or move his job sc-mcwhere else, or localize his job in a -cpnratv mom ami ventilate it. 1 see no reason why we should worry ahum a i-and blaster today, even with a tuberculous scar. We feel they are not going to develop silicosis, and therefore we think that what little dust there may he will have no effect on such a tuber culous scar. Wo have not permitted sand blasters with tuberculous scar; to continue working on that job. but I think we should permit them to do so today, knowing that the hazard of sand blasting i; controlled provided, of course, the equipment is kept it: working condition. CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: That dis sertation answers beautifully the question a respiratory protection as far as it anpiie.s to the foundry, and I think direct analogy will carry that oninicr. over into .dmos: any other exposure tha: you choose to carry it into. lit oi-cier to play absolute'.:' fair with weryrne in the audience. I am. going to tart on .the questions that have come to Here P^1i{^first "'Assutniiu: "' - . <V.:. ."O-.va - vrir-r-. - 2Stl: Xutioual Safety (. otiarcjs eeriug ami medical departments is essen tial ;o properly control dust hazards, how can the smaller plants, these having 100 or 000 employees, cope with this prob lem and determine whether cr not they have a hazardous dust condition or any other occupational disease condition? It would be impossible in many cases for these small plants to set up elaborate and expensive control departments. To lead the answer in a definite direc tion. 1 am going to ?uggcst that perhaps the answer lies in the recent development in aimost every industrial state, divisions oi occupational disease hygiene, cither in the Department of Labor or the Depart ment oi Health. I am sure Dr. Leonard Greeuburg would like to answer that question. The Small Plant Problem DR. GREEXBL'RG: There arc two things that the smaller plant may do; one is to make use of its insurance company to the fullest extent: and the second is to make use of such facilities as the state lias at its disposal, cither the Department of I.abor or the Department c: Health. In approximately 30 states in the Union, there are divisions of industrial hygiene in cither the Department of Labor or the Department of Health, and in a few cases in both, and they are always prepared and eager to help the smaller riant, particu larly with such problems as this. Many of the insurance ermpanies have developed divisions of hygiene and have experts on their staff who arc also pre pared and able to render service along these lines. It seems to me that the big gest problem is to get tire small plant management to recognize that the stum bling block is management itself. Once that recognition has beer, achieved, it is a relatively simple thing obtain prac tically free service from either of these two organizations in an effort to really do constructive preventive work. CHAIRMAN' JOHNSON: Let me add one thought to that answer. I am familiar v. itli most of those divis:'-.us. In none of them is there anybody tarrying a big stick to browbeat or to hammer into shape the small plants that vent help. They are already giving help in an advisory fashion. There has been fear. times, that you could inn ict a state man into the plant without expecting him to change a recom mendation into an order overnight. I have not seen that in this treatment of the occu pational disease problem. I am trot telling you that it does not exist: I say l have not seen it. I have here a question for our engineers. Yesterday they were talking about weld, mg metal and fume fever, and so forth. Here is the question: Does an exhaust system from electrical welding affect the type oi weld: As 1 view this question, it meat;- ihis; When you weld with an electric welding process using a coated electrode, the dint ing of the coating produces an umbrella or tent over the weld are itself ar.d thereby excludes the air front the arc and prevents oxidation of the steel which is being cast into the hole being tilled up. ar.d prevents, oxidation of any oi the material or metal that is in the fused state. Now the question is. if you stick a heavy exhaust there and pull away that vapor which provides the protection, do you ruin your weld? Is the control for health at the expense of the weld, or would it be better to forget that and limit the time of the welding? Docs anybody here want to answer that: MR. BOXSIB: I think that if you have general ventilation there would be very little danger of destroying that umbrella that Mr. Johnson has mentioned- Of course, it is advisable to remove those fumes as near the source of origin as possible. You have to get within clout inches, and not nfore than that, to really get effi cient results, and being that close you do not require more than 100 or 290 lineal feet per million. I do not think there is enough cooling "action to do damage. As a matter oi tpc1, some tests wc were interested.::! tuakinS seemed to indicate that there as no data age done. However, you come v. here damage would he done ii you exceed t`IJ ' but I do not think you need to exceed U ^ j j . or 200 lineal tec: per million, if >'ou ample ventilation, then .''J danger,, in my opinionty t\.\ )GH,NSdx: That a I coticlusio.iZk Jj. is wised upon obcr\a::on 1 5 ooo::: ;ort of problem. The "Is there enough s .ire brick to affect w [n other words. I: its refractory proper: and its plasticity or. . descending order o: s the nre brick on t through plastic china on the other? Mr. Hazard, the q to talk about the atr.c nre clay, and for wa: tion let us leave out which is a brick the know to be pretty c silica. MR. HAZARD: t a medical question, tire bricks which an and certain others w none or a negligible . have a range there called a dangerous cr where you are prac: exists. It seems to me : .brick with very big' the chipping and ki layer against the bt considerable dust at: hazard, but I would cal side on that quest CHAIRMAN JO of the doctors disci: oi the fire clays' :. handled in the mar DR. GREEXBU the Chairman ough Percentage of free = Re has talked arc: he has not told us Problem. CHAIRMAN JC TM seems to me ootiun that maybe ~ixed that other : p-educe an allcvir. V'' effect to prove "Om causing silicot ,.CUyS do not sec is the dry-pan c '`.'ngs that produc 1 dust some of w cannot remcmiu the amount o -as th,V welding the flux, umbrella : thereby areventi ait; cas: 'reveals r meta! .1 heavy :t vapor do you r health aid it be he time on. v.ave ,'c very mbrclla a. Of : those as posir.ches, re: erayou do " Hueai tooling :tact. ; iir.::i.re tire 'wf'-' Occupational Disease C imir:; crt oi' prc'biem. The next question is: ..j. [iiere enough silica in the average ._{ brick to affect workers seriously?" jn other words, it we explore clay tor 'Is refractory property on the one hand. /<< its plasticity on the other, is there a ^'--tending order ot silicosis hazard from the fire brick on the one side, down through plastic china clay or paper clay 0n the other: y[r. Hazard, the questioner wants you ,0 talk about the amount of hazard in the fire ciay, at-.d for want of a better defini tion let us leave out the Ganister brick which is a brick the sand of which we know to be pretty close to 100 per cent silica. MR. HAZARD: I think this is really a medical question. But there are certain tire bricks which are very high in silica, and certain others which have practically none or a negligible amount in them. You have a range there from what might be called a dangerous condition, down to one where you are practically sure no danger exists. It seem; to me that if you had a fire brick witli very high silica content, with the chipping and knocking of the brick layer agattts: the brick, it might stir up considerable dust atul might be a silicosis hazard, but I would like to hear the medi cal side or. that question. CHAIRMAN' JOHNSON: Will either of the doctor' discuss ike inherent toxicity o: tue nr:: days a; s they arc normally Handled in the ms:lufacture of brick? DR. OR lEXDU RG: It seems to me the (.bairn ouch;t to tell us what the Percentage i: tree s tlica is in the fire clay, He has ta h-:ed arc;und the question, but he has no: *.o:d us problem. CHAIP.:TAX TCiHNSON: The profi lem seem? me le be related to the notion that; maybe these mixtures arc so rr.'.szr. th.v ;:her hkings beside the silica produce* : a:!evis ting or an arr.eitorati"c crrcct :: preye;n: what silica there is from cni: =;:-.r Tlico.i C':.v? o- see n t: produce silicosis, T i= the r .'/yan r rinding of ail kinds of `Mini's * rod::cc or ;r: r. ~ r. i v. ;ttch contain silica. and i rr.r iT.vr.iht: a: tit:? moment iuse '-"t the '* : ::u o: rilica :s It: the ordinary run of tire clays; but I am not giving the medical answer. It is my thought, that the hazard produced in the clay products is not an inherent one, but one thrown in by violent agitation due to dry grinding operations. Let us go on to another interesting ques tion: "To what extent are the industries with which this panel are familiar pro viding washing facilities, and what arc the advantages of washing in showers, and so forth, accruing to the employees on the one hand, and the employer on the other, and how is the thing paid for?" Well, we know that in some washing facilities are required by certain types of industries, and in others they are put in. I can visualize the need to develop this question in two ways: one for the con trol of a serious occupational disease ex posure such as lead: and the other, the general industrial hygiene, to get folks to wash on the developed fact that by care ful washing a great many of the dermatitis problems solve themselves. Will Dr. Cranch talk about the pro vision of washing facilities? DR. CRANCH: Washing facilities are most desirable things in any plant, large or small. As the Chairman has said, it is the most important factor in the preven tion of occupational dermatitis, to say nothing of general hygiene to the work men. The vicissitudes of trying to establish any adequate washing facilities in in dustry are great. My first experience occurred over forty years ago as a work man. In that plant there was no water available, although it was a large plant, and unless you sneaked irom the job and went around a faucet which was used for sr-rinkUnc t' e front lawn, you had no water availabi:. It was not expected that hands should he washed. A man. worked at his job. ate h:s lunch, worked all day ami went home so black as a rule you could not teil his race. Later I hc-ccmc much development r i washin: member in crt very'lari in cxrel'.eut '. ashing lac 'urr.rriir.g to me how t even the pom: where had :' biscortmvc servi 144 2Sth National Safely Cultures 0: gauizatiuu;, an attempt on the par; oi the management to furnish good washing May we have a development oi that question from Dr. Orcenburg? facilities met with consistent refusal on DR. GREEXBL'RG: In dealing with the part of the workmen to cooperate with the whole problem of dermatitis due to them in the use of these tilings: even the use oi cutting oil, you 3rc dealing where the workmen were given time out with several different iactors which may at full pay on company time to wash, produce different types of skin lesions. they would not do it. Fortunately, these conditions have changed, and the men themselves now ap preciate those facilities where they are put in. and they generally demand them where they are not put in. The cure for ail of these, it seems to me, lies in the use of proper protective oint ment before the men start work in the morning, and the washing up at the end of each shift with the proper type of nonirritating soap. Tlie easiest way to get the men to use 1 think washing facilities are a most im a non-irritating soap is to supply one so portant feature in the control of occupa- they will not purchase an irritating soap lional diseases, and a number of occupa themselves. If you leave it to them, they tional conditions aside from dermatitis. may purchase one whicli seems to work There are a number of occupations where rapidly, hut which may have irritating complete showers are furnished and those facilities are very largely a measure of prevention of occupational disease: and at the beginning of the day's work the men change to working clothes where previously that was not done. properties. On the other hand, if tlte management -nppiies it, they can purchase one of suit able quality which in general may lie of a more satisfactory type. The whole problem of oil folliculitis Oil Dermatitis and oil dermatitis can be handled and is CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: Here another question: handled in many plants on a very satis- factory basis, by these simple means, and so far as I can see does not present any "Is it not an accepted fact that nil dermatitis is more of a mechanical break down of the skin than it is a toxic prob lem? How would you overcome the de sire of the employees to use abrasive cleansers on the hands?'' insurmountable difficulties whatsoever. The usual defect in the system seems to be that the plant does not pay any atten tion to the problem until many oi the men become infected and many or them have skins which are more or less ruined by an accumulation of oii and foreign Cutting oils and other oils produce dermatitis, and represent three hazards, One produces a plucking of the hair follicles, which is largely a mechanical thing of rtibhin : oil and dirt, or what have you. into the skin. matter in the peres of the skin. At that time, preventive measures are no longer sufficient. It then becomes rnecessary really to cleanse the skin thor oughly and repeatedly so as to once aga"1 bring it back to its normal clean condi Then we have what I think the doctors call hetcrothema. which is probably a chemical burn, an irritation of the skin which is another type of dermatitis. Then there is a third one. which produces blood poisoning or boils where the oil has been supporting an infective medium bacteria of some sort. Cm: we solve that oil contact problem by handling the washing of men in a satis factory manner through washing facilities and the discouragement of the use of harsh abrasive soaps, or doesn't it mnk any difference? tion. CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: Lot us S over to the engineering side and talk 00 the industrialist who manufactures oils 10 provide himself a' meal ticket and tries 1(1 prevent just this hazard from causing trouble. MR. UONSIB: 1 agree with much tlij the doctor has said about getting' got" oil in the first place. -- I think that one of the big causes (J^_ , ___ Idem a idt for * | [6n that. 'ySf.ifiifaf inany 'SfofSfs>` 1 j J [jes ring-to cutting.-oils) t>- tluf-fhe 0 not kept clean. In the cast checked the trouble has been use of dirty oil, or using oil ov 3r-ain that is filled with small nwtal. These cause small inju skin. and that in turn bring? -.her damage. So it you keep tr 1 do not think you will have nr. l think the practice oi men ;|ie oil and using the oil ovejeain has caused much more c: tite so-called paraffin acne. CH AIRMA X J O H N S OX : question is this: "Should working in departments subie national disease hazard be acqi: and informed of these hazards, icnorance of them?" DR. SANDER: Utuloub: ployet? should be informed of etn which they are exposed, and : he iniormed also oi the fimling.nation. Anyone going to his any reason whatsoever, want what was found. In the same v ployce going to a plant doctc know what was found. He is for the examination, hut that difference, he is still a human i? interested in !::s own heal niturc years of gainful employ The practice in Wisconsin \v: laminations has been to give `1 duplicate copy the renor* employer receives. The Wiser tr:' Commission recently p 'keiaration. of' prir.ciples on p am*nations in industry which e tci-csted in this problem shot*. !at it is specifically reoucste J yets he given a copy of the fk le employer receives. P'at is not a complete rccon 15 mcrdy a statement or ii? nPortant defect*. [ believe f v!n^ l? IVC employees cc ^ r,s as it is to cove them not it "orkr is not interested v i' t?,H presM,re reading was y f-V; he is inerc-lv interest * *heth< ,`,f that i; all h e careCsS aANb"out. CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: l!|yboriy eise on the panel whe 'o discuss the question? HR. BONSIB: I think yoi f-ore unrest through fear. b> fSUf JMM asses 01 tllit men to itse ppiy one so ritating soap ] tl:er:i, they . itts :o work c irritating management one or sttit- .1 may !.'C oi iii folliculitis .tidied and is a very satis:e means, and t present any whatsoever, '.cm seems to ay arty attenntatty of tite tatty ci t!:em >r Iv- - rained foreign utea.-ttre; are titer. rcccnes tite -i-e::i titor- trt ottce again .: cieat: v>mii- Occupational Disease Control Mr js not kept clean. In the cases we have checked the trouble has been due to the use oi dirty oil, or using oil over and over again that is filled with small particles ot metal. These cause small injuries to the skin, and that in turn brings about fur ther damage. So if you keep the oil clean. I do not think you will have much trouble. I think the practice oi men spitting in the oil and using the oil over and over again has caused much more damage than the so-called paraffin acne. CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: The next question is this: "Should employees working in departments subject to occu pational disease hazard be acquainted with and informed of these hazards, or kept in ignorance of them?" DR. SANDER: Undoubtedly, em ployees should he informed of every hazard to which they are exposed, and they should be informed also of the findings on exami nation. Anyone going to his doctor, for any reason whatsoever, wants to know what was found. In the same way. an em ployee going to a plant doctor wants to know what was found. He is not paying ior tite examination, hut that makes no difference, he is still a human 'wing who is interested in Isis own hca'.t't and his future years oi gainful employment. The practice in Wisconsin with physical examinations has been to give employees a duplicate copy of the report which the employer receives. The Wiscw.hn Indus trial Commission recently published a declaration of principles on ; b.ysical ex aminations in industry which everyone in terested in this problem slie ht see. In mat it is specifically requested that em ployees be given a copy of the rtmort which t ie employer receives. Tr.at is not a complete record or report: '} '* merely a statement or filing of the important defects. I believe that it is as 'roi-.g to give employees -ttm.plete re- "5 as it is to give them :t-thine at ail. ; worker is not interested :r. what his '.end pressure reading was ytstcrriay or r 'day; he is merely interc:*.?d in know, o whether or not it is sign:-'"antly high. : taat is ail he cares about. /'KAIRMAX JOHNSON Is there toriy else oa the panel --. would like ' P s-uss the Question? " R- HONSHU: I think ; u ran cause t't-otigh fear. failure to tell the man. than in any other win. He may imagine he has something, and he worries and worries, and finally becomes a victim oi what is known as autohypnosis. whatever that is. I think by relieving his mind and telling him exactly what is what, you lift that worry from him and you ease his mind, all of which makes a better man of him. CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: Now let ns tackle another question: "Processing of a certain cellulose product involves over night soaking in a solution of .5 per cent formaldehyde, and subsequently consider able formaldehyde odor is given ott during the drying of which those in the vicinity often complain. How much mrmahlvhytle would represent toxic proportions; And how could the quantity present in the air best be determined?" Dr. Mciter, would you like io tackle that problem? DR. MEITER: In my own experience, formaldehyde is irritating enough so that you would not require refined technical instruments to make determinations, be-, cause it is very easily noticeable in low concentrations. I think proper engineer ing methods could be devised for elimi nating the fumes without using technical instruments, because it is necessary to keep the fumes down to very low concentration, otherwise a dermatitis may develop and. also syre eyes. CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: Does the medical side of our panel wish to develop that any farther? DR. CRANCH: I think that question illustrates one of the phase? where it inot necessary to have engineering help in order to determine whether or hot yon have reached a point of saicty. Formaldehyde vapors are net likely to he toxic, since in a concentrate ! form it is so irritating that just for comfort some relief would he demanded, so that we need not he particularly concerned about vital vouceutration is obtained. There are a number of chemicals of that sort, where the immediate effects arc so irritating that toxic expor.trc would usually he avoided in the cc.tr;? of or:::uarv good practice in bandll.-g the ma teria!. jok.n r.'iotj'u^iiie.-,, '.gjge'-f occ:.`i i hi' `33 m 'Mm i _ JSth '.Ji.'/ W.-vm1 L omit't'Si Uic::: MR. COOK: The literature does con tain sonic iniorniation concerning the de velopment of irritative actions, and we arc wondering in Connecticut whether cite concentrations which were listed i:i the literature and the irritative action was as sociated with a tolerable amount of irrita tion. or whether it was in the higher de grees of irritation. \Yc ran some analyses on some formal dehyde gas in an operation where formal dehyde was being used in the manufacture of synthetic resin. The method we used was the bubbling of the air of the plant through water, with two bubbling! in a series, and tested with Shift's reagent, the regular method tor the determination c: formaldehyde; and we got resuits that were in the area of the breathing zone cf less than 20 parts per million, which :.usually suggested as a satisfactory con centration. At one point we ran it up to 90 or 100 part? per million, and at that point I found 1 could keep niv nose there for thirty sec ond? before 1 decided to back away from it. But I do agree with Dr. Cranch and Dr. Meiter that where the irritation does get excessive, then the irritative gas can he taken as the determining factor even though with most of the materials the irritation is not the safe way to determine whether a gas condition is or is not safe. CHAIRMAN" JOHNSON: Here is another question: "Is sulphur dioxide gas in concentra tions as low as 10 parts per million for pro longed exposure considered hazardous to the health?" Going to the medical side, will either Dr. C.reenburg or Dr Cranch tell us it sulphur dioxide in such low concentre:: an represents a hazard for continuous expo sure r DR. GREEN BURG: I cannot say ;fthaiul. It is .iust about on the borderline, 1 think. CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: Now. if an employee upon examination shows a very flight increase of lead content above nor mal after sixteen years o: e.xpc jure, would you change his occupation? I do net know what a "very slight" amount of lead is. I think presumably this means n few stipple cells, or some thing like that. I: an employee upon ts. animation shows a very slight incrcu. of lead content above normal after sixttt3 ;ears' exposure, would you change fox occupation? DR. GREENEURG: I would want to know where he showed it, and how. CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: If I miy answer the question, it seems logical that if there is lead showing up, it came from somewhere, and having explored that yos can determine the engineering phase oi the control, and perhaps he can stay 0d the job aitcr you have controlled the lead fumes. Mr. Cook, won t you answer the follow ing question? "What instruments are there on the market which arc reasonable in cost for small shops to purchase which can be used to check atmospheres in metal spray work for zinc, iron and other harm ful fumes? Must several instruments be used where many types of metals are sprayed during a working day?" Metal Spraying Equipment MR. COOK: On metal spraying, there are several angles. No. I, a booth, a veatilated booth should be used where pos sible. Secondly, the man should in nacst cases be given a positive pressure ur supply. .oil.-, or lor oiiier uf the metal; .".;re is some additional one that ,-ulariy toxic. Eut particularly do have icad or cadmium. :he filiation should be made for the rased upon those determinations y (t an idea on the basis oi the . Uration or spraying or those pa; metals what the exposure is. DR. MEITER: I agree with Mr. j-.-.d I bciicve the solution of tins p first, the use of a properly vei booth so as to eliminate the expo die other workmen in the vicinity The second item is the use of a ; -.-essure airline respirator to pro: 'aerator. I think that conducting king operations all over the sh without adequate equipment, es .there such metals as lead are spra going to produce occupational dirbelieve the proper thing to do is right with the proper type of eq: by providing the booth and protec ntan. and yon will then not r ampling devices. CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: 1 specific answer to the question .- Now, assuming that the particular operation is one in which the man may t spraying brass, there arc various method t using the ventilated booth. Let us assum ; for the moment that lie is provided we:- t no respiratory protection. If a mar. a f spraying zinc and the booth is provide? adequate exhaust so there is not much cj j a cloud of zinc and he does not get ( fume fever, it is probable that it if s necessary to make any determination a- ? zinc. If during the course of the day t man is spraying some lead and some etc mium. I would feci very definitely ';`' it would be well to run an electrical -1, cipitntor sample, analyze the sample- obtain The electric precipitation for -iJ` and also for cadmium which wonId -!' routine chemical procedure, and the >- centrntion of both of those should be below the suggested toxic limit in Jr--' in assure that you arc on the safe Pcf' I would feel that it would not be J... 0002, Occupational Disease Control 147 jyec upon tx. light incr'ej;, -1 after sixteen :u change hg would want t0 2nd how. N: It I niav ms logical that it came from piored that yau .ering phase of lie can stay on .trolled tlie lead -wer the follow, -.struments ate .: are reasonable purchase which spheres in metal and other harminstruments be of metals are day?" .quipment si spraying, there 1. a booth, a veuused where pos.1 should in most .ive pressure ait jliions. or icr other of the metals unless .sere is some additional one that is parhcualantlyy twoxai.c.... But particv.iariy where 0,j do have lead or cadmium, the deter mination shotrid be made for those, and ,ssed upon those determinations you can ,el an idea on the basis of the relative juration of spraying of those particular .trials what tiie exposure is. DR. MEITER: I agree with Mr. Cook. iad I believe the solution of this problem j lirst. the use of a properly ventilated sooth so as to eliminate the exposure to the other workmen in the vicinity. The second item is the use of a positive pressure airline respirator to protect the aperaror. : think that conducting mctaliiriig operations all over the shop and Mthout adequate equipment, especially where such metals as lead are sprayed, are going to produce occupational diseases. I believe tire proper thing to do is to start right with the proper type oi equipment, by providing the booth and protecting the man. and you wiil then not need the sampling devices. CH A! EMAX JOHNSON: Then the oeciric a-.-.ver to the question seems to be the lead precipitator as the one gadget that will be most useful, and the sample should be analyzed quantitatively in she chemical laboratory, 1 want to ask the doctor a question in connection with pre-employment medical examinations. The exposure is something that may cause dermatitis. I take it from the question that the problem of allergy arises. Do you recommend patch test? in conjunction with pre-employment exami nations to determine an employee s pos sible allergy to the exposure: DR. CRANCH: In general, f would say you would hardly be warranted in cunducting patch tests on all applicants for employment. Where we have a known material to which tlie employee is being exposed that very commonly .produces an allergy reaction, it might be advisable to use such a niter. Patch tests are not 100 per cent infallible, and they are not alto gether simple. They have to be very care fully given and very carefully interpreted. For that reason, they are not an integral part of an average preliminary agreement upon examination. They might be quite misleading. ADJOL'RXUEXT the particular tlie man may be : various method; ; .. Let us assume is provided with If a mar. i; cth is providir.: re is not much c: ees not get metal ie tiiat it is not determination ter se of the dr.v the ad and some cad re definitely tr;' a:l electrical pre :'::e sample, am', miration for leaitieii would he ' :rc. ami the cot" Jo should he kit" vie limit in orN' it the s.m'c side. 'aid not he never- tm.der those co" />* fa-L: ' #4. ilS^As iaA,' ess :c /acilities were built into ^ :he original aircrart^are ir_:.r : the technique of interns;;,;;, r (lying. They are basic tt~ American Society of Safety Engineers --Engineering Section : 171.S71.000 over-water pai!r, without a fatal accident ; duty rec--o--r--d- oi transoceanic a: -.mental air transport did not { Officers 1938-1939 Ctnewl Chairman--R. E. Donovan, Standard Oil Co. of California, San Francisco, Calif. : is the result of deliberate eir yiee-Chairinan--F. W. Braun, Employers Mutuals, Wausau, Wis. taking care, of endless reseat yict-CIwinnan--H. J. Griffith, Jones & Laugiilin Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa. Air travel, as we know it trc.- "Secretary--\V. Dean Keefer, National Safety Council, Inc, Chicago, til. a concept of this generation, ' Umbers at Large-- to make its wav, from (be sr ' ' George J. Adams, International Paper Co., Glens Falls, X. V. -,'vtition with the matured kt ;Cyril Ainsworth, American Standards Association, Xew York, N. Y. oi the older forms of transfer I. Banash. Consulting Engineer, Chicago, 111. to struuggggllee with the principle :.; 'E \V. Beck, United States Rubber Co., Xew York, X. Y. .d dancgrecrr inherent in any type.1 dis. R. A. Beyer, Central Tube Co., Ambridge. Pa. (Western Pennsylvania Safety Council el--and we have they cud trav r known to man. But. becatnc tTj.%; Chapter) >7i*C E. Boulet, Wisconsin Public Service Corp., Milwaukee, Wis. . ery reasons, more effort has y-. f..v.W E \V. Buuard, E. D. Bullard Co.. San Francisco. Calif. (San Francisco Chapter) uously and forcefully exerted ` Charles D. Farlin, Consolidated Edison Co. of X. V.. Xew York, X. Y. (Mctropol- ;::c standard of airline safely ' ... K v .iun Chapter) ..visited in any similar period o.1^ .X'A Roy M. Godwin, Philadelphia Electric Co.. Philadelphia. Pa. (Philadelphia Chapter) wnt on any other means of ry* :'R. McA. Keown, Industrial Commission or Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. J.f-vji-EvuttrT F. Kinc, Lever Brothers Co., Cambridge, Mass. (Boston Chapter; <treoxuttrawoirtdhiinnatrhyeeifnfodurtshtrays itnseetlf. -'j'\ tC!T C. LLeeddbbetter. Texas Employers Insurance Association, Dallas, Texas. (South- g results are. in a real ?:.. - Chapter) u S aiv. .-.raum tireless cooperation ^ TimhasE. Ljchtfowoti C. Lloyd, National TiBmhhuer.^eo*KaPunnPoef rSsataCvnwoduaailrdCso. ..WPiaitstuthspibtniuugritgo,.hni,.. l tt. DP.l.C. l''c l'rC'.!'j,sstrv tha_ s- rrrr'v(i.' T':v.'y )1 tE. TLoxc, *Tthi e* TD^e.?la. ware &o tHtu__d_is_o_ n Ra_ milroa_ d* /C-owrp_., At lban..y, X. Y. -ausport ^ as th: N*l'''.rJ ;H. L Miner, E. I. dtt Pont de Xemour.s & Co.. Wilmington. Del. ,e aoenc.e- r _ j.jrona'-'a' | . J. T. O'IJsiex. Icrsev Central Power & Liulu Co.. A-hurv Park. X. 1. 'Xew Jersey '. eudiiinhati:veinegatroly areycognition. 1 port r'i tiw ndujtry. onblic in of the itmsr.at^f biued elements all ` er today in their o- .Hr: offers the proi* :1:.L*.*:t:aevsitatfioorn::: can c' M trav Hartford. Conn. Inc., New York, X. Y. ;icc Railway Co., Duluth. Corp., New York, X. Y. . tg.w.C ** ^ General Electric Co., Schenectady, X. Y. "V'v ' i"*- Hercules Powder Co.. Wilmington. Del. Standard Oil Co. find.). Chicago. 111. ^ r. T .... ^Uninoion Carbide & Carbon Corp.. Xew York. X. Y. ^`yiU-XER. Buiek Motor Co.. Flint. Mich. fNr '-"wrty Mutual Insurance Co.. Boston. Mass. F- I. d;i Pnnt de Xt.-mnur* & Co..'Bufraio, X. Y. (Niagara Frontier ),ANT- *d:i'c .Safety Xppiiax.a-' Co.. Piit-burch. Pa. .f&r mv. * < it s* v Officers 1939-1940 ' i'-iu x. Employers Mutual*. Wau-a::. Wi?. 'J! Inr.r I.auchiiu S'eul Co--v. Pittsburgh. 239 * .i rT,< : b.1.'"'p*y*" r'-iv - ^ _'4(J \;(: .'Annual Sorely Conoress ass.: f`r ; >-;j1i1lrj:--\\ ills M W! .u'i .s'. Hydro Electric Power u(unmis-itm. Canada. Seeretary--W. Dean Keefe:- Xu :r.al Safetv Council, Inc.. Chicago. Ill Mewbers el Larne-- George J. Adam?, International Paper Co.. Glen? Fall.-. X. CiKii. Ainsworth. American e-tandards Association. New York. X. Y. M. I. Baxa-h. Consulting Eucir.rrr. Chicago, III. ' E. W. Beck, United Ftaic? Raiser Co.. Xew York. X'. Y. H. K. Binler. Union Carbide C:-.. Xcw York, X. Y. "C. B. Boulf.t. Wisconsin Pub::; Service Corp.. Milwaukee. Wi = E. W. Bullard. E. IJ. P.ullari Co., ban Franci?co. Calif. (Fan Frnnci?ro Chanter.) George M. Burn;. Kan.-a.- City Safety Council. Kansas Ciiy. Mo. (Kan.-a- City- Chap. ter.) _ .... Frank J. C"Xrmv. Union Car ide Co.. Niagara Fail?. X. Y. (Niagara Frontier Chap. ter.) Thas. K. DoNor.Hux. Pitt-burgh Plate Glass Co.. Creighton. Pa. fWestern Penni(. vania Safety CouncilChapter.) R. E. Donovan. Standard OilCo. of California. San Francisco. Calif. J. A. Downey. Jr.. Sio?- Sl-.vnieid Steel & Iron Co., Birmingham. Air.. <Alabama Chapter.) CllARt-E# l'. Fakun. Consr.l: lated Edi-on Co. of X. Y.. Xcw York. X. Y. Metropvli- ran Chapter.) H. F. Gilbert. American Cyaramid Co.. Linden. X. J. (Xcw Jersey Chapter.) Roy M. Godwin. Philadelphia Electric Co., Philadelphia. Pa. (Philadelphia Chapter.) C. L. Hichtowf.r, United Gas Pipe Line Co., Houston. Texas (Gulf Coa.-l Chapter.) *R. McA. Keowx, Industrial Commission of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. Everett F. Ktxc. Lever Bremers Co.. Cambridge. Mass. (Boston Chapter.' Thomas E. Lichtvoot. The K.ppcrs Coal Co., Pittsburgh. Pa. *M. G. Lloyd. X'ationai Bureau of Standards. Wasiiington. 1 >. C. J. E. Lonc. The Delaware & Hudson Railroad Corp.. Albany, X. Y. W. S. Paine, Aetna Casually .Y Surety Co,, Hartford. Conn. "y\. S. Reovi.a. Industrial Relations Counselors, Inc.. Xew York. X. X. A. V. Rohwedkr. Duluth. .Mis-abe & Irun Range Railway Co.. Dulntli, Mi:-.:: *D. U. Royer, Ocean Accident At Guarantee Corp.. Xew York. X. Y. "Ct. E. Sanford. General Eiertrie Co.. Schenectady. X. Y. T. S. Shaw. Hercules Pout;:- Co.. Wilmington, Pel. *C. W. Smith. Standard Oil Cn find.). Chicago, II!.. *H. S. Smith. Union Carbide Xcw York, X. Y. *R. F. Tk.u.nek. Buick Mote - Co., Flint. Mich. C. W. Van WAC.nxEK. T-lYt* X General Insurance Co.. Dallas. Texa- ^Southwest Chapter.) 'S. E. Whitixc. Liberty Mutual Insurance Co.. Bo-ton. Ma--. William P. Yant. Mine Sa-'ty Appliances Co.. Pittsburgh. Pa. *Pa;t General Chairman ;p:;i:nit:ee reports were di.-ir: `l. jjsembled delegates. -j-t-c report of the Nominating i was presented by C. E. Bottle: .'.jn. Other members of the No: num'-tee were D. L. Royer. A ,:a. 5- E- Whiting, and C. W. S: ni name; of tile men elected tr Detection of F ! 1 Secretary, Magr ; from tiic standpoint of safety e j -.ocern is proving that important : j :ce from physical defects or Haw j ... pc that might cause failure. i !n any discussion of Haws or tire mti. consideration must he give: editions surrounding the part lu-.i. ;c, whether it i? a newly made pa: - service. Ir. r.ew parts defects may e.xir r.rial itself in the form of laps brr.ir.ations or slag. On the oth ratal free from such imperfection; A he ruined by improper forging, c.r. grinding, heat treating and o: s.blc manufacturing operations. These detects may readily he c the mill or plant and it is, there: is prevent such parts from get: service. (bed parts present a different a?' r-pe of detect usually suspected i> uiion of the surface, or one extcr.c c; surface well down in the bed t'-tal, commonly termed a crack. This crack may be of such an `i;ure as to defy detection by e; tfans of a high powered glass o the ordinary methods of inspect: 1 mo:t dangerous type of defer juch a part is permitted to : -ice, failure is likely to result. WEDNESDAY LUNCHEON SESSION October IS. 1939 `n u*ed parts are usually : 'faulty design or poor workmans: *.l! m.orc lilce-'y the result of exec ''tticipated stresses. The Annual Meeting of the A.S.S.E.Engineerinp Section of -. ; National Safety Council followed a I t rheon held in the Renaissance Room of ` r Ambas-n- dor Hotel. General Chairman R- E- RO0.'. i van. Chief Safety Engineer, gtandaf . ^ | ...^it fact.that any sepa body 'is~brtsidered 'S^vjegardless of depth, it t: nt of extsess stress or 00Uc 1 o 3k ij company $ sa:,, ilop with adva.-.. j rk but even cirr> i tool needed n i: \ nagir.ation. Oiu-j work where f j itisc nature, jet . i tur a halt hour watcit, study, i- the way partial; t by your employs ; at tiie number i : simplity the p:-. ^ ;<i to eliminate ac;; arc merely or r tu is the third;::. S is betore the job. I : the probable acr ways of doing . corrected acco:: : \ >i advance plannfr. * personal contact it a Make your plan? f :orc on the indiv t man-to-man c ut.y of doine :: Cement and Quarry Section Officers 1938-1939 * .-ral Chairman--Hunt,' Dewey Portland Cement Co., Davenport. Iowa. .Cluiinmin--P. X. Bi'SHNfa.i., Missouri Portland Ceincru Co., St. Louis, Mo. '-...Cluiirwiin--Tit. Avxsoi:, Lone Star Cement Corp., Xew York. X. V. Cretan--A. J- L- Ci'kTis, Portland Cement Assn., Chicago, 111. V-cJ Letter Editor--Jack Diimi'stkk. Canada Cement Co.. Ltd.. Montreal. P. Q.. Canada Committee Chairman--Wit. MoKt.i.r.K. Lone Star Cement Corp., Dallas. Tcxa> ^iihwav Committee cV:.j/r/m/n--M. A. Kokkmax. Somliwestcrn Portland Cement Co.. Lo Aupcles, Calif. '/emvership Committee Chairman--:,H. A. 1\KXJX<:i:k. Lchieh Portland Cement Co., Allen* town. Pa. i'.ister Committee C nairman--H. 1\ Yottek, The General Crushed Stone Co.. F.a>lon. Pa i'rjyram Committee C 'minium--W. M. Powitu.. Medusa Portland Cement Co., Cleveland Ohio. "uhlieily Committee Chairman--M. P. CrxKKK. Marquette Cenieitr Mamt fad tiring Co., Car Girardeau, Mo. .'..itixtics Committee Ciiairman--W. W. Adams. L'. S. Bureau m' Mine>, Wadiinuioii, !. t `.I.-mbers at Larne-- V. P. Ahlakn. National Sand X: Gravel A>sn.. Wadiinuton, 1 V C. * W'm. H. Baker. j. E. Baker Co.. York. Pa. B. D. Barky. Universal Allas Cement Co.. Chicago. 111. J. R. Boyd. National Crushed Stone Asm.. lac.. Wa-hinuton. D. C. *R. B. Fortl'IX. Pc:ir.syivania*I)i.\ie Cement Corn.. Xazareti:. Pa. Ai.exaxdi.x Foster. J k.. W arner Co.. Philadelphia. Pa. *0. M. Graves. The General Crushed Stone Co.. Easton. Pa. B. Pos^klt. Lone Star Cement Corp.. Xew York. X. Y. S. \\*. Staitfex. National Lime As>n., \Vasi:ir.cto:i. 1>. C. *F. E. Town. Medusa Pnrtlaml Cement Co.. Manitowoc. \\ t* *A. L. \\V::Tii?:x. TLe Xew Haven Trap l\*ek Co.. Xew Haven. C.*uii J. B. Zuok. Crea: Lakes Portland Cement C.-rp.. Bua'aio. X. X*. (Iciier.a! i"! ;:ir~:r. Officers 1939-1940 vr-'/ i Uair-,'. X*. Bi/shnku.. Mi-ouri 1rtiar.d Cement Co.. St. Lutii*. -'airiihr:- -A. A. i'iTTmak. I'niver^nl Alla- Cement C. . Hud-mi. X. Y. hairinai:- , , \ r . Gk.wKS. The Creneral Cru-ke-i Sl'<ne Co . Ea.-lon. Pa. rC/.jry-- ,\. i .t:s. Pontaiul Cemem A**::.. Cmca-n*. Pi. i.eitcr : -k'K Canada ' `.o. Ltd. Muntr.r.:. P, . Car;. "`W'riiiQ <_ x, V. Chtimi'i:;:-- J. U. Z>*K. 1 uva: Lake- F riinad Cement C'.-rp.. ;) 'Utr.tov.u. i-V '/"am Co;.-. , {.'inlimitHi:xu\ A.. ;vi'Mx:;a, Lei.iui; P'-rtlnrai "eittetu ,;!ni!iii!--H. F. \ "TTra. I i.e 1 'V.ed Sime u . . Ea-t t ' \\ . \\ \ii\v-. : S Ika;;;: M,;a- i&i. o O C uitr* * mm \ \ t i J.-3 \al:o>:a: Sairr: t.onprrs; ) Mi-;,iucrs at Larae-- Th. Avn-ou. Loin; Y'.ttr Cc:::..v. Cur]1.. Xcv. York. X. Y. 'W. H. Baker, j. E. Baker Y... York. Pa. E. D. Barrv. I'niverrAi A-.'..-..- Comer; Co., Xcv. York. X. Y. j. K, Bovu. National Stone Afjn.. Ino.. Wa-imtatoo. ! ' > . - K. B. Fortux, lYntt-ylva:;:.;-; -ixie Cement Cor;.'.. .Vnzarcii:. !'.! XM.exander Fo?tlr .1 r., Warner Co.. fiiilauclyhia. I'a. K. B. Hunt, Etewey I'ortiar.i Cement Co., Davenport. Im S. \Y. Stauffer. Xauonai L;me A;.-:;.. Washington. J i. C. *T'. E. Town, .Medusa PorYan.l Cemem Co., Manitowoc. Mi?. 'A. L. Worthkn, The Nev. Haven Trap Rock Co., New Have:;. (A.tut. ' i'ast cieneral Chairman TUESDAY AFTERNOON SESSION i'rcvw ..made . ut'i tltltti' that j r< 'Jt'cu i ulh::d4e fra' ;Nk li-:.' ^ w hich t prac'.ices (iM lllO liMUld tO ,,r:;v of iniu October 17, 1939 Vuu w ill rec the ; The opening session ut ti.e Cement and Quarry Section was called to -our hy P. X". Buslmcll, .Missouri Portland Yi-mcnt Com pany, St. Louis, Mo., and Vice-Chairman ot the Section, who preside1;. Mr. Bushncll made a liriei rtpr.r: upon activities oi tk Section (luring the u-.tr. and r.'.en proerri* with the election "i oii'ieer-. a h-t oi tviat is given above. Tin- t. hnirn;:.:; turn ip.Rfc. duetd the nr<t speaker. i.x'ury sevt k the mo* ^fety p: -cMry was xuritv of ir. ;r:c:ice of 'rr more t' Analysis of Cement and Quarry Accident Experience <-*.*usd safer jff.i? per mi By I. F. LEGORE *2 {<r cent. '-r.es lus it Safety Engir. ter. Portland Cement Association. Chicago ;c study There seems io he no n::-.-:ion that 1939 will lie the safest year in c;nr.ent industry hktorv. And there is reason :o believe that the new low accident m-c-:.::ry rate will keep Cement in the por-ilio:: ::: lias held for the past two years as the second safest rmion? 30 industries report.\z to the Xntional Safety Council. 'Hie cement industry :. on th.e pres- Mire" during the hr<t half i:h gratifying results, and saw the nadir:::t trend ron- runie the downward course 1*. Inch has been uninterrupted since late in '. 936. The acci- dent frequency rale-, or <c*. for the first halt of 1939 was 4.00 per m: Ion man hours ; the severity rate v. as at unprecedented low level of 1.42. Thi> i ::ency rate was 13 per cent lower than the :.te of 4 61 for With opcraiiun: eominuir..- about 1* ir Cent above hi.-t >ear. t!ic a. rrace of>*?' denis reported fur s montii* :.aJ aiivanj to 14. exactly the >ame as : .r a\erage>*k tile hrst S momi:- l:i>t year. Ihis : 130 plant.', iiuv.ever. com; r.rrd plants previoudy. Greater mill activity appv;.:.been respon>ihiv fur the ri'iuc tale a1* the past two mouth.', for .-.a'-'usi acii^ > was onlv 3.5 per cent above uruductten - the Campaign month of June, accord^ data from tlie V. .S. Liureau ot > ct there were SO per Cent mure in August and September : dicre in June. "Pressure" Was Appli*^ a- cnt of c produce '-tt cUasc`-tlv. fata' `i'ent par ""'-re injur >cars iin cv *c.Q-i tjJre 'roiancntl\ unusual ;r|t of- sue liable t "use pr are: ntv L "''-asifjie the year 193S; the sever:*;- rate was 42 Most of you arc familiar . :tn t!lC h per cent lower than ln?t ' rate of 2 44. June Xo'Accidcut Cumpa.c:: ^T0,)'r_. ^ At the end of the third :luartcr the in the Pc^tlnnd Cement Av'Ociauon. ' dnslry had slipped a hit. ti cw high for jntrilfeBCfeicn:;!'. tp our mdu.'try = - ^ the >ear of US accident' v. a- reported dur- Cjfwai^ c.'Zl( ir in? Anett't. and 19 mjiiri-. - ere rcp<-rued in September. u;c;t?trc 'vfpon^Wc occ Chemical Section Officers 1938-1939 Cdicritl Chairman--Ralph L. Rogers, Jr., Tennessee Eastman Corp.. Kingsport. Tenn. Vice-Chairman in Charge of Program--Ralph O. Keefer, Aluminum Co. ot America. PittsburgI'.. Pa. Secretary--F. W. Dennis, Hooker Electrochemical Co., Xiagara Falls, X. Y. Sr.es Letter Editor--R. S. Mackif., General Electric Co.. Xela Park. Cleveland. Ohio. Oita Sheet Committee Chairman--S. Warzala, The Calco Chemical Co.. Inc., Bound Brook, X. I. Engineering Committee Chairman--D. S. McEaCHERN, American Cyanamid Co.. Xew York, X. \. Health Committee Chairman--*Dr. Leonard GREENncnn, Xew York State Dept, of Labor. New York. X. Y. Uembcrshif Committee Chairman--C. E. Seyrf.NS, Monsanto Chemical Co.. Merrivnnc Die.. Everett. Mass. Ptssl.T Committee Chairman--H. R. Bixi.KR, Union Carbide Co., XV.c York. V \. I'Mieilv Committee Chairman--S. D. Kirkpatrick, Chemical X Metallurgical Engineer ing, Xew York, X. Y. 'a/Yly Instrnethm Card Committee Chairman--E. F. King. Lever Brut hers Co., ( ani- triilge, Mas;. Wlisties Cr Contest Committee Chairman--R. C. Stratton. The Travelers Insurance Co.. Han lord. Conn. Uemhers ut Large 'S. L. Armstrong. Eastman Kodak Co.. Rochester. X'. Y. 0. C. Callexdar. Hiram Walker X Sons, Inc.. Peoria. Iii. Juii.v G.es:;.nts. Michigan Alkali Co., Wvandouc, Mich. X\Y. Gi :-nf.v. Liberty Mutual Insurance Co.. Boston. Ma-s. L. Hammersllv. Electric Storage Battery Co., Philadelphia. 1'r. H. I`. Hecsner. The i-'lir.tkotc Co.. Xew York, X. Y. >K \\. .I;.t:ck, The Westvaco Chlorine Products Corp., Carteret. X. ) jl L. j (iu poru de Xemours & Co.. Wilmington. Del, .ms- !<.v :;f. Deputy Commissioner ot Labor, Jersey City. X. J. ^M-l. kocr. Willard Storage Battery Co., Cleveland. Oulu. ,. ' Suave. Hercules Powder Co.. Wilmington. Del. a. L. \\ - t -- ,x, Kopper? United Co.. Pittsburgh, Pa. ,^1'.ur V.::;:p:r,ri. American Cyattainid Co., Limien. X. .1. , Liberty Mtttual Insurance Co.. Boston. Ma--. ., - u.i.E, Xiagara Alkali Co.. Xiaeara Fall-. X Y Chairmen Officers 1939-1940 :"--Ralph c . Keefes. Aluminum Co. n: .America. Pittsburg'::. Pa. ' Cnarae o' program--Sti.ni.ia \Vir7ii:,. The Calc. Cl.eu.uva: Co.. Inc.. 000 27-1 _\SXiilimnil Stiu'lv ( oiirnr.;.; 'A. L. Arm-tro\<-;, Eastman Kodak Co.. l<vciic. X. Y, vv;::;-n ui` personal inij; K. >. Mackih, General Electric Co., Xcdu Pork. Cleveland. < fh Y. Tu.nr.x. E. (. cu Pont rie Xcmonr.* & Co.. Inc., Wilmmen-n. . . cnn.'truetn e think:/:;;. cnoctivc exec::: /.;.".wuvrnw C>*Mim;:f<v--IV S. Mt'Eu'Hr.kX (i luiiruntn). American l'*?, York. X. V. ''At u ; : h*er or not rbc probiei: -e r.tiestt-Ttc mcctanicai . I*. W . .IfKU'K. The \\\>tvno.> Chlorine Product' Corp.. Carteret. \ ! v.rM protfcti\*c rrjnipnJcnf *S. E. \\ irnixo. Liberty Mutual limurnnce Cu., Ilostnn, Ala-', , `2r;r.\: ernorm operatin'.' ; .Yf.vc/ Committee--Pii'MKU Wnr.ia.Mi X.J. (CJunrmitn ). \mcricjm i wiuav - 1 m:6 supervising empln-. -'-'i n.-, u M. MacCl TcuKnv. Tiic Low Chemical Co- Midland. Midi. //*J///i Committee--Dr. Leonard Ckklxuckc. (CUairwuni. Xew York of Labor, Xew York, X. Y. "J. S. Shaw, Hercviles Powder Co., Wilmington, Del. 'c 1 ''fanta, y .1 feinfvr.cntp (. <)>uii!lcc~--C. E. Skvrex^ (Chairumn). Muti-anto CiumicT *. Mvrt;* Liv., Everett. Mass. W. 1.. Hammkksi.ky. Electric Storage Battery Co., Philadelphia. Pa. raster Committee--H. K. Pini.kk (C/iuinmmJ. I'nion Carbide Co.. Yen )nii\ Cf.KMii.VTS. Michiiran Alkali Co., Wyandotte. Midi. k. X Y..-_ If riv.u.i*H L. ]\0(kks, Jr.. Tennessee Eastman Corp., Kin^.-pon. Tetm. I'mrfteity Committee--S. I). Kirkpatrick: (Chairuntn). Chemical mg. Xew York, X'. Y. Metal5.::' -'.cal Entra*,,. "A. L. W'atsox. Koppcrs Co., PittMiurgh, Pa. Ci.ARtixci: Wtr.u., Niagara Alkali Co.. Niagara Fall?, X. Y. Vu/c/v Instructiou Cure Committee--E. F. Ktxr: (Chiiir/non f. Lever Pro: Co.. f;i bridge. Mass. "John Roach, Deputy (.'jninti--nmer of Labor. Jcr>e\ City. X. .1 ^ K. E. Roor. Willard Storage Battery Co.. Cleveland, Ohio Statistics ctW Contest Committee--R. C. Stratton' tChuirimmJ. The Tra-. - vr Insurant Co.. Hart lord, Conn. . '., "H. 1- Mixkr. E. I. tin iJont tie Xentmirs & Co,. Inc., WilmiiiuKui. IVI ` l\i#t (iencra! Chairman -V -hf: ra-a. I--' i *..';*rwitivc thinking then, ma;, ,_>^s {Sj'xTieiice. kuowiedue oc ha l MM'itafe. inr untrained nan rf* j. tin- true sense ot tire nor ,j"l< railed a lately expert, i -,-r oi U to which, .-incc 1 tvj `Vi, l-.as l/cert endaneered by ma: j/itth. I have learned the vale -.rartive thinking." Risk cannu: c in African wilderness whe: t.iu.r accident may result in dm yirticcs. owing to the ditiicully in trip. It as in 1800 that my aucc haled on the iltorcs of the AtV *et. For month upon month U'.tltd unknown and stonn ri T!:rrciore, in spite of the dcsola rocky coast presented, to ti Cape of Good Hope. The. 'Hers of His Majesty's Arm TUESDAY LUNCHEON SESSION u rough the Matebele, Zulu, and t-nause of their pioneering ? October 17, 1939 ua>td on when the conflicts wet mm determination carried the Tlu* opening session of the Chemical Sectir.n wa- a luncheon feature, presided over 11y General Chairman Uuiph L. Rogers, Jr., Safety Director of tlie Tcnne>*ce Ea-amau Corporation. Kingo-ort. Oiairff-* i l\uuer< liriellv imriuhieed * .- -peakef *' the oeca.Mt.ji. a celebrated ' vr of Atr can iiame. r;o the hinterland. Xot only eatnanlty, tut because of the i. :;-'ts that would shadow their `-eid not afford to lose one man. "e great, making them constru Safety to Life in Africa By M. NORM AH POWELL Kenya Colony, British East Africa Editorial .\ otr: Mr. Powell was born in XiTica, from carl) l)c>\liood ha lived in the licari of die big game country. The natives were bis plavmnie* and ):X friend?. He lia- icarjicd tlicir folklore, custom?, and brlieis He was initialed a- a warrior imo ibe Mik dTibc and lias made main' cxlcn- m\ e tri|>' into the more pr: Africa. He will tell of the j o.ls and safeguard' adoptc 'the white people, but aKo ami animals to safeguard 1: ijijiiry to liieiu>el\et and '. lowing i" a Mimmarx of his i; After the World War, my fa British East Africa, where h know and think with and like ' vvple. dy whole Hie, especially on lit depended on effective exec tt with a buffalo or clephnr y.dom get the chance to lean b r levicosmilnd methods ; Hoati trUa1*. nu1*uo^t e: from and 'Co^iU . > try ;* V." .f fri- '' :;:*; !.*'''iis'&tytef i\ X WHITING: Will an;. some practical way of gt.. mg of the union: I fcnoi .,ey have backed the safe, particular trades--and sir.'. Construction Section It is written into some - between the union and ti-> ;ety is featured there. ting it in. AER: Do they appoint ; from their group: A': Safety is handled jen her phases or conditions <-. eral contracts (I revieiir t year that are published r. ::t of Labor in Washingtonriabiy one of the imports" hi them. ..V WHITIXG: Is it ts: more than a name: A': It is like everything ci-f v. I: is taking root. TER: 'Would you persen.il .Mr. Shaw, that a ur.inr. it in its group perhaps t" .-.cement on the ccesnon -cive him one res??r.;:l):.r A': Xot any mere Am sit in with ntar.asetre" - phases or mana -t-fety out by iisek l.r` h'n.c conditions so f'.'.i an.d saie. arm 'e rates oi pay arc tout. Some oi the a: Vs acreements arc me arc sieved '. - .fe:y ani'oarj ,S WHIT!N'T --,:c:v enmmittc-r V: Vo. they Officers 1938-1939 Cmsrd C'e-oirmon--W. A. Sxuw, A-.. Hated General Contractors of America. Inc.. Wa.-ii- ington, D. C. : p;ce.CItoin::an for Me,ivy Construct!,-e-H. J. Ruo.u.cth, C. W. Hlakeslcc S: Son-. Xew Haven, Conn. ' Ykt-Chatrman for lliultteoy Construe:: .--S. E. Anderson. Harrison Construction t.o., Pittsburgh. Pa. yice-Chairircn for V. .S'. Ent/mccr Oe'.trtment--Major H. B. VaLT.han, Jit.. Corps of Engineers. War Dept.. Washington, D. C. Vice-Chairmen for Building Construe::;n--C. H. Buck, Stone & Webster Engineering A Corp., Boston, Mass. fterelnry--Roeskt McKini.kv. Genera: Accident Fire & Life Assurance Corp., Detroit, Mich. . irau Letter Editor--*Eix;ak X. Gm.n-rtNE, 2.52-jOth Ave., San Francisco, Caiif. itqinccriuo Committee Chairman--J'-ttr.s A. Buiuia.nk, The Travelers Insurance Co.. Hartford. Conn. Hnebcrshie Committee Chairman--F. J Aranulu., Liberty Mutual Insurance Co. Boston. ' Mass. t'ogroin Cr.nmittee Chairman--\I'H(,\ Rcssi'.u., Public Service Eicciric & Gas Co.. N'ewark, X. I. iijiiificj Com::titter Chairman--Tihimas '.ifi.it. Iiulustriai Indemnity Exchange, Sail Frr.::- Cteo, Caiif. 1 Frfac.;:: >!> Committee Chairman--M. LaL'UEKDau:. Civilian Conservation Cor'1., n'adiingtr.- D. C. . | 'fiM iitr.trz'. Chairman ! t t '-r-Chu la `Vt'W. . '/ ' '<*} i ;:. K>.-_- Officers 1939-1940 -R. \. Ri.h'.M.LTil. V* . `V Blakc-he .V Sons. Xcw Hawn. (*-,i; II,:uv\ -W. A. Hae.mo. r^ii`U-iicn* Sh-i! l *t i. illa ';: <:y f E. Am- Karri-bn `inn*: t\ ,Y ;;'/::.v, r i K '-tent--M.\; : H. 1j. V\i;<.h\n. Vnt .. U On ihii: l'-. v. --if. Pir-if. c'/I'vijr.-.. Wiiiur.nn 1li; . C >. lv. S\-. ivy* - -:i: t tii:tract -- Anwricis. i:w.. \V;i - ; C .7.' r:>. . si! V ' ; ;i. 2.U--AOti: i\ tv ' H.iwm mm 4S| SI 001Cj .' , m:. I ' 300 2Sth National Safety Congress -^.west 195S frequency I'isnat Education Committee Chairman--S. M. Lauderdale, Civ ilian Conservation Q. v Washington. D. C. ^ Engineering Committee--C. H. Black (Chairman.), Stone He. Webster Engineering Boston, Mass. James A. Burbank, Tbe Travelers Insurance Co.. Hartford, Conn. F. J. Craxdell. Liberty Mutual Insurance Co., Boston, Mass. * harbor work, avc . ^vn"l-on-nt3>t.rarraacttteeossrsw, earveelroawgeinsgt tor 2.5: dCbre highest m lock ; ""goo md in 5tcel cr?cuor i aToI structural steel fregut Robert McKinley, General Accident Fire S; Life Assurance Corp., Detroit, I,) severity 30.09. Thomas Socle, Industrial Indemnity Exchange, San Francisco, Cali. .ng'J.; j series of 117 serious = Past General Chairman -- fzi `'function Industry reporu - j these percentages were dc Agencies of Inju TUESDAY AFTERNOON SESSION ' .Ejntors and hoisting equip: Machinery.............................. . Wnreeg surfaces (ladders, s October 17, 1939 tie).................................... Vtkkles ................................. The opening session of the Construction Section was called to order by R. J. ReigcInth, Vice-President, C. W. Blakeslce 3c Sons, New Ilaven, Conn., Vice-Chairman J Iliad tools............................. of tbe Section, who presided. Chairs, vSet otherwise specified ... Rcigeiutb welcomed tbe assembled de'enSet and then introduced the speakers, :> ?. ' V: r .* Type of Accidt lows -zt-X sliding:, flying object What Are Our Accident Statistics for 1938? By THOMAS SOULE Chief Engineer, Industrial Indemnity Exchange, San Francisco, Cal. r Cwjhi in or between......... one level to another. * Idalation, absorptiun, swan Cii; (sente action) ................. **X N'vi otherwise classified... - These facts and figures appear of interest whereas severity rates rose 35 per cr.: *, : Mechanical C; in c\*nm:r.:::g the 193$ accident rates in the Construc:i:n Industry as reported by mem bers of ck? Xntional Safely Council: The Construction Industry Fre quency Rate is.................................. 24.93 The Construction Industry Severity Rate =5 ............................................. 3.24 These rales arc about twice the average for Natlcual Safety Council members in 30 major i:* *t:>tric- reporting their experience. Since \'2\ ti'.c Construction Indu.iiry fre quency ra:c v.a- reduced 7a per cent; t'.c Construe'.: n Indu.-try se\crity rate was re duced 71 per cent: while the all industries i requeue;.- rate v. is reduced 68 per cent, and the all in b.i>trii.: r-ochlv rate was reduced 44 per e\'n:. The r----ecti\e reductions for the Co: -traction i ::du;':". from 1937 to 1953 v. 31 per c.n.t and 6 per cent, as against i per cent r.vd 5 per cent for all industries. Credit . . r in:; rovement iu the Coiwtrm lion fiuln-rry's iX'S accident c\; jt icucc due iarc.'y to ;l:c favorable ( .vperie.ncc . larae I'r-ir.mzatb-::-. Th.ey ndtieed l:oih fr: quern y severin' rates subManiini); small organizations. Crjaie planning, working r The average frequency rate for lar7; Vi7' panics was 17.96, while that tor smaii r->-` was 49.S0, the small unit being densely having less than 100 employees. The -r3rT organizations had an average severity ;-'.*r housekeeping, etc... ;=;roper guarding........... `T"live agencies............. -t-vase of protectiv e vov 'mechanical cati-c....... 12.31 as against 2.64 tor the large coir- The best all lime no injury rccor."l^ the Honor Roll for 193S in the -'"V.TU Safety Council Publication "Acculc*:^" Personal Ca "troper attitudes ......... iu me Coii'-tniction Indmtry 193b ("^4y li e names of tiic construction dopartr,y^ ; an oil company, several industrial public utility, as well as several the U. S. llnginecr Department ^ 4- river and harbor work ami the t Principal Engineer, i Vai'ey Authority. Construction \ for Liic most part, arc conspicuous w ^ abstv.ee. The honored organi/aho11 * ,.;r. 1 about one-third of the man hours j and very materially lowered the ^ rate figures developed for the entire^ f;i one classification, as an ilhisIrn!^;j* J largest and most -'-e"-Gt ilcdoinngstroutctimonodinerdnt: ; niction of tunnels ?Cration of mines. `c.T.Jft59Wlc k^!Luctin depart0** h j N ^0rk ot dredging in -indttjtrjnTsSffffa110`1 y'flTrjb< AuRCvcrtjjjjriU'gjrient fred'i'E.V^ ' Sonic of tbe:.. nr . ortf^oup. ' UGuyy.i .V -" .v ' ... ^ >..^. .--S'-N .-.. . -' /-.:>> ..B.'-lCcAti' * *--.~T~mr/x~fnt HvstK'iS WaC Marine Section f Officers 1938-1939 I t*'rC^ Chairman--1'veox O- Pickard, Pacific Coast Marine Association, San Francisco. | |j:ir<)n' Commutes (Active Past General Chairmen)--E. C. Hoi.di:n, Jit. /Chairman;, | ..' r'niictl Slates P. & 1. Agency, Inc., Xcw York, X. Y. < : ' _ \V. Fiskf., .Ik., Socony-Yaeuutn Oil Co., inc,, Xcw York, X, Y. } Frank H. Cjoan. The lJt-lawarc, Lackawanna & Western R. R. Co., Holjokcn, X'. I. I ' John S. Hentek. The Atlantic Refining Co., Philadelphia. ?a. } -i Aktuck. M. Tom:. Consulting Marine Engineer, Xcw York. X. Y. y. rUirmon Atlantic District--). P. Roney, The Texas Co., New York, X. Y. \ 'yict-Chairmtm Atlantic District--Wii.i.akd F. Jones, Gnl: Oil Refining Co., Xcw York. J ' X. Y. (htirman Pc,cine District (Editor, "Marine Safety")--Hen:.v Blackstoxe, Lniicd States iff, & I. Agency. Inc., San Francisco, Calif. 'yuc-CIiainihin P.tcitic District--Ai.mtttT O. Peer,, Union 0:'. Co. of Calif., Wilmington. ^iC'ttimnaii Gulf District--Frank E. Ames, Lykes Bros. Steamship Co., Xcw Orleans, La. , ir'ict-CIntirmen Gnl; District--I.. 15. Pate, Mississippi Shtr-ing Co., Inc., Xcv. Orleans. . A;iA - Jpskmau Great Lehes District--W. C. Gari'.i.tt, Pittsburgh Steamship Co., Cleveland. Aflfiio. J'ict-Chairmrai Great Lukes District--Gkorci: Martinson, Ft.-kands Mather X Co., Clevc''' laul, Ohio. ipairman Shifhttiltlini; and Kefair Dreisinu--H. C. Hot;e:m in. Bethlehem Shiphnilding Co., Bethlehem. Pa. ' Tlic-Clmiriiiaii fin Charqe of /'asters and Slides)--Rom:::: F. Hand. Standard Oil Co. ,,p^MJ., Xcw York. X. Y. 1 ut-Chairman fl,: Charr/e of Programs)--Lor.an Cuksai'. I-tittnian Steamship Co.. Xcw j ^ Vorlc, K. Y. j >w-Chairman tin Charge oi Pu'dicitv)--Hakoi.o I. Ha;`.:nc, Marine Progress, X`ev. \ Anrk, X. Y. ' 'Untary--L. J. CoL'ohi.an, American Export Lines, Xcw York. X. Y. i:\pershif, Cnminittcc CChairman--Cake E. Holmes. Mars/ & McLennan, X*ew York. X.Y. D'cdnri,,,, c aamittec 1Chairman--John W. McGrath, To'/.r. W. McGrath Corp., Xcw - ' V, x- v. Goniiuittee Chairman--Benjamin H. Self, Traveler: Insurance Co., Xcw York. I f ' I i/fa'rr,'J Committee Chairman--W. P. Bines, U. S. Xavv Dept., Washington D. C. 5 `fibers at Large-- ' '" ,! Uti'yer ir C nr'jo Lines--X. 1. Lawrence (Chairman), Urtted States Lines Co.. Xvv. '! X' X- Y- i? 1* *r ^l*'" *^oorc ^ McCormack Lines Inc.. Xcw York. X". V. I y J-Tiocv. Cnitcri 5 trues Line# Co,. Xcw York, X*. Y. ? j''pL;. ke; Eros. Steamship Co.. XYw Orleans. L*. ri - n \n j, XI j;^ic%pi Sliippu:" Co., Xcsv OrU-.u>. La JrA'U Hi-h!_ America;'. E.xport Li:u*$, Xcv. York. X, Y, S. t *". Xr.-tce Line. Inc.. Xcw* Yn: k. X. Y. f-Jim- \ m,*k Oinrv.r.i >'.s-;uU'1mp fit,.. \V>i*nnv. k OOOXLn fvf.;- v ' ^r'*5 q? iiiicims : nmm !-;ATwi?Ag " .... xi 'IW! : :s 340 2Stli National Safety Congress Tanker Companies--J. G. foH.vso.v (Chairman), Sinclair Navigation Co v i . , r ``Marine Safety X. V. '' ' ,v U:S} "YD. Van Francisco, Cl Henry J. He::orn, Standard Oil Co. of X. J., Marine Dept., Xcw York, X Y .;;.;,;v_w. p. nma. R. K. Kelly, Tide Water Associated Oil Co, New York, X. Y. ' / (L-lujan, Atlantic Vis'. A. M. McKean, Pan-American Petroleum S; Transport Co., Xcw York, X Y Chairman, Atlantic Henry Gilbert. Oil Transfer Corp., Xew York, X'. Y. -A [jinnan, Pacific Distr Frank C. Lal'Rie, Logo Petroleum Corp., Maracaibo, Venezuela. A; c3n Pedro, Calif. J. A. Rumsey. Standard Oil Co. of Calif., Richmond, Calif. if- yiee-Chainnan, Pacific 1 A. O. Woll, General Petroleum Corp. of Calif., Terminal Island, Calif. 'i-Y' (hitman, Gulf Dislnct- Educational (Marine)--J. M. Tomb, New York State Merchant Marine Academv fiet-Chairman, Gulf Dis York, X. Y. 1 3,.* (hitman, Great Lakes . H. L. Seward. Yale University, Xew Haven, Conn. . ....------ Tp, Ohio. Stevedores--John W. McGrath (Chairman), John W. McGrath Corp., Xew York N v . yiecChairutau, Great L. William H. Ci-srk, John T. Clark & Son, Xcw York, X'. Y. ' '. hr.i. Ohio. The Jarka Corp., Xew York, X. Y. (hsirman, River Distrie Shiphnildbut and Shi/) Repair Companies--H. C. Holchton (Chairman), Bethlehem Sin-" building Co., Ecthleliem, Pa. J. H. Love, Federal Shipbuilding & Dry Dork Co., Kearny, X. J. y,V\ J. M. Gki.ikr. Alabama Dry Dock & Shipbuilding Co., Mobile. Ala. -FT jur-Chairman, River L :K (ijirman, All Inland II Ikpt., Washington, D. 1 L. R. Sokex.-tn, Xewport Xews Shipbuilding & Dry Dork Co., Newport News, Vi. Oairtr.an, Shiphuilaini7 Murine Insurance--A. J. Smith, Marine Ofiicc of America, Xew York. X. Y. tiorp., Bethlehem, Pa. Railroads--Frank H. Cuuan (Chairman), The Delaware. Lackawanna tv Western K. S. iicirimm, Committee Co., Hoboken. X. J. ; t tess, Xew York, X. Y. C. F. Ei.ackti.n_ Eric Railroad Co., Jersey City, X. J. :M;.| Ctfinntiii, Committee at: L. Rei.vea, Xew York Central Lines, Xew York, X. Y. Y | ciation of tiic Port of > Ship Classijieali.u Society--J. L. Luckkni'.ach, American Bureau of Shipping, Xew C-sirman, Committee a. V.S.N. (Retired), Jinn Employers' else. Rations--F. C. Guecoky, Waterfront Enipluvcrs' As-n., San Franciv. j iInirwan, Committee n Calif. | Ofiicc of America, Xcv. ('. S. Employees' Compensation Commission--E. I'. Hr.ituKS, L:. S. Enipioi ees' Comport j Arman, Statistics Co, tion Commie;: :n. Washington, I). C. .} Jerk, X. Y. l:. S. Enr/inecr--M.\jOit It. li. Vaughan, Jk., Corps of Engineers. War Dept.. Wm J Ljiniitni, Marine lidnc mg ton. D. C. 1 Cam. l.crtnl--C.ua. F. V.iTDKit O.i.te. Admiralty Attorney, Xiw York. X. Y. ] tie-Chairman. Marine .Association of San bra ftman. Industrial R, Officers 1939-1940 Francisco, Calif, 'uriuau, Slevedoriai/ ( p.,l! Mission, Washington, t General Chairman -- Eviion O. Pk'Kauij, Waieriront Lniphtyer- Association o: the r.u- Coa<t, San Rra: >co, Calif. Cmumir v--R. C. 1 Ioi.thyn', Ik., United State*' l\ X I. Aecncv fnc.. Ncu Y.ri * X. V.' . \V. Socony-Vacuum Oil Co., Inc., Xcw Yuri:, X. Y. > x. I'kank H. C \.\\ Thu lAlauare, Lackawanna X: Wu-lurn R. 1*1 C Jims S. lii.'N:..:*. The Atlantic Refining Co., Philadelphia, I'a. 11 * ,3 u. M( Arthur M. 7 Consulting Marine Eaur., Xcw York, X. Y . Vlcc-Gcncral Cl .:w:kuii (Executive)--R. J. Xxkkr, American Murchr.m .Via:-'1-' Inc., X*cw York. X. Y. Vice-General Cl :r;nau (.\{c)r.'\'rshif>)--T. E. HucitANAN', The Texas C Y' ' first session of i X. Y. ' caHcd to order bv Vicc'C/ctirral Cl. :.rn,m (Coordliuu) -- ILai'V f. I [i.uhu'.v, h i.mdnid Oii C o . 1,1 Xew York, X V i'wc-Ctcnrrul ( 7 -''.mm (l'r.>t;r::>usj--C ski. H I n>i u.'v VIHu-irnT"'. I[:'' ' n: ,'D0- Pickard, Chit -lRjrnt EtHploicrs YY, Coast, San Ft l n c-ln'Ui rtt! Ci'iG.nmin (L Coii't Oimrd, - iimetmu 0. C. mode a lengtbv \-)--[\\ ;vr AiInf^^.VRh'.-l f. \V \I ^ ,d ,,ot' the Section d- iWipr.V ' m!- sew ' J non <>>' . \ n the advances 3 larcss Marinues Section SM iair Navigation Co., .\>,v Yep ;nc Dept., New York, X. y k, N. Y. port Co., New York, X. y -inf "Marine Safety" Sens l.elter--Hunky Bi-ackstonk, United States 1'. & 1. Agen.v, \ir. Francisco, Calif. rr/an--I3- Btr.es, C. S. Navy Dept., Washington, D. C. '''-VniJ'i. Atlantic District--J. P. Ronf.v, The Texas Co., New York, N. Y. (Retiredi Chairman. Atlantic District--Wiu.Aim F. Joxns, Gulf Oil Corp., Non- York, N. Y. `'-Sniuin. Pacific District--Francis J. McGowen, Outer Harbor Duck &. Wharf Ck.. Venezuela. ' s^n Pedro. Calif. alii. i'-i-Chairmcn, Pacific District--George \V. Alhin, Ames Terminal Co., Seattle, Was;:, uni Island, Calif. liijirma/i, Gwlf District--Frank E. Ames, Lykes Bros. Steamship Co., New Orleans, La. Merchant Marine Acad.tr.v v I'.-r-Chainr.an, Gulf District--L. B. Pate, Mississippi Shipping Co., Inc., New Orleans. La n^y^ymoii, Great Lakes District--W. C. Gakbutt, Pittsburgh Steamship Co., Cleveland. leGrath Corp , New York, X G Y. on (Chairman), rietlilthrm R- - Ohio. n;-,.Chairman, Great Lakes District--George Martinson, Pickands Mather & Co., Clcw- Snd, Ohio. CLliniiait, River Districts--G. 0. Griffin, Dravo Corp., Neville Island, Pittsburgh, 1';.. Act-Chairmen, River Districts--Joseph E. Jackman, McCrady-Kodgcrs Co., Pittsburg... -nv. N. .1. IV -iVAerwan. All Inland 1 Vater'vaysr--Major H. B. Vaughan, Jr., Corps uf Engineers, War . 1 isbile, Ala. f ^ sjpt-, Washir-.jron. D. C. Dock Co.. Newport Xr.vk. V, fyU_ rmaii, Shipbuildiurj and Ship Re,pair IXivision--H. C. Houghton, Bethlehem Sie-X . New York, N. Y. ...fcjrCofp, Bethlehem, Pa. 1 lck.nvanna fc Western R Committee an Publicity and Publications--Haroi.u J. Harding, Marine Prog- Netv York, N. Y. ' iT^-arum?1, Committee on Maritime Associations--C. H. Cali.aghan, The Maritime A.xso- .YifOtjeiiwn of the Port of New York, New York, X. Y. Bureau of Shijiping, Xev. Y..-i. .Tiitrv.an, Committee on Dnited Stales Government Bureaus--Commander K. S. Field. IdjStS.X. (Retired), Bureau of Marine Inspection ami Navigation, Washington, D. C. r.-.ploytrs' Assn., San Fru-.rl a'ESfcJrtnai., Committee on Emjinecrhu) and Minimum Standards--A. J. Smith, Marine fefiwctof America, New York, N. Y". i:s, U. S. Employees' Com:'-' Statistics Committee--Benjamin H. Serf, The Travelers Insurance-Co., New -.K^'VjRgK. Y. i Engineers. War Dept., V -\yhfrtrunt, Marine Education Committee--H. L. Seward, Yale Universilv, New Haver., ff:Viren. - York. N. Y. k . .epCheirmcn. Marine Education Committee--!'. C. Gregory, Waterfront Employer' ,.r>' As't.viatiou m nr : X I. Agency. Inc.. NV" ' lHS5rKl e....r. lbto-hsion, Washing** ton, D. C. i c. s. Sa.Hl.nl ON Co. H. ... <**--** c"'"` k, N. Y. ,, ,,, ,rn R. R. Co.. Hobos- Pa. r. Merchant Marine The Texas Co.. >" Standard Oil U X Mk-L-.-uua- i H Vy MONDAY AFTERNOON SESSION October 16, 1S39 FtSSic M to o-, Piekar. Ac `-tte, 'a,, g :U c N J,H of the Marine Section r by General Chairman Cmef Safety Engineer, er? Association of the Francisco. Chairman '.rtby report of the ac- during the p:i>t year, t's of the S. rtii.n, .11 ri especially emphasizing the good work of various commirtee chairmen and other groups. Eaclt of the sub-committee chair men had provided a special report. After 1 ^ .*> - j./- 7 L S' !I Metals Section Officers 1938-1939 T aerat Chairman--Mem. E. Tkam.mixi., Republic Steel Corp., Alabama City Ala. ' riee-Chcirntan--H. 1. Griffith, Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa. JrtTfMO' and Ncios Letter Editor--Irvin A. Brinkman, Mackintosr-Hcmphill Co., Pitts- purgh., Pa. Centest Committee Chairman--H. J. Spofrer, The Youngstown Slier! fg Tube Co., East [...e Chicago, Ind. ft-itiming Committee Chairman--R. H. Ferguson, Republic Steel Cerp., Cleveland, Ohio. iwery Committee Chairman--J. A. Coltrix, National Radiator Corp., Johnstown, Pa. Unhh Cammittee Chairman--Dr. A. G. Kamsikr, Inland Steel Co., Indiana Harbor, Ind. ~I'ar.iershit' Committee Chairman--H. H. Henry, Otis Steel Co., Cleveland, Ohio. . taler Committee Chairman--Fred E. Warr. Carnegic-Illinois Steel Carp., Pittsburgh, Pa. 'frogram Committee Chairman--John P. O'Rourk, Bethlehem Steel Co, Sparrows Point, Md. fahheiiy Committee Chairman--Earl Fyler, Carnegic-Illinois Steel Corp., Chicago, III. .'kit.ay Car Builders Committee Chairman--P. J. Brand, Pullman-Standard Car Mfg. 'V: Co., Pullman, Chicago, 111. ifhtitlics Committee Chairman--X. B. MacHose, Betltlehcm Steel Co.. Lackawanna, X. Y. ' Uer-.icrs at Large-- ejiiJCM. Au.ex, The American Rolling Mill Co., Middletown, Ohio. SirrfE G. Bennett, The Buckeye Steel Castings Co., Columbus, Ohio. rY..L;R.A. Beyer, Centra! Tube Co,, Ambridge, Pa. A. BtANcm, H. K. Robertson Co., Ambridge, Pa. F. Blank, Jones fa Laughlin Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa. A. Chaffin, Continental Steel Corp., Kokomo, Inch M. Crochan. Inland Steel Co., East Chicago, Ind. 1 - 7 E. Clt.i.inev, Bethlehem Steel Co., Bethlehem, Pa. W. Darr, Bethk-i:c:n Steel Co., Johnstown, Pa. i Jf'A- Dundorh, Beloit Iron Works, Beloit, \Vis. ? ,, Gye, Republic Steel Corp., Warren, Ohio. I . -W:t P. Eie, American Steel & Wire Co., Chicago. 111. I- A- Elms, Wheeling Steel Corp., Wheeling, \V. Ya. . | `npeCE T. Fonda, Weirton Steel Co.,.Weirton, \V. Va. I/.;- p"; Gatherum, Great Lakes Steel Corp., Ecorse, Mich. I S~ Greene, Timken. Roller Eearing Co., Canton, Ohio. I.. Y.u ^ Haivkes, Macv.hyte Co., Kenosha, Wis. I .. iv j , N'SEr-. Tlie Youngstown Sheet S; Tube Co., Chicago, 111. } ' *iV t," tlooFr., Chase Brass & Copper Co.. Cleveland, Ohio, i `C j J'tkvis, Chase Brass & Copper Co., Watcrburv, Conn 5 . , Lalt.um x, Republic Steel Corp., Chicago, III. ' 0 m Gfonap.d, Blaw-Knox Co., Pittsburg!), Pa. f ' S- -A -3'- V0pMo'cRa1MTTi?fn.lv')~owC' n.aT0, rn,SntKceuregpi^ti'i-hrt.eiL-',I:i.ti-itIiernSomontiesSeOtlSerCteeeloeCrClnoCo.r,.po.C-r.S,pa.pCr,nahPerirgcitoatieswgb,souP,rPag1o!1"1i,.n.t,PaM. .l. :t j_ phl:''',PE" Revere Cooper S: Brass, Inc., Rome, X. Y. Slicme:!i'd! S.vt.ec! Corn.. Kansas City, Mo. Wi'-.iirg Steel Corp.. Wi-ir.-ling W. Va. 0-107 - o If 2St!t .National SflU'tv Conttirss -Roukrt L. Schmitt, Louisville Car Wheel iL Railway Hup|i!y Co., Louisvi|[c .. H. S. Simp.-ox, Caterpillar Tractor Co.. Teoria. 111. 1; M. A. Voss. Republic Steel Corp., Cleveland, Ohio. 'Past General Ciuirrnan * c McMahon. S ,j'.V SOKTrfWOOO. \ OSRTL'.- earn- t't. K>.K-'*r.';L!<COS L. StwINOER. Mtt.L E. t i, Voss, oepubu Officers 1939-1940 General Chairman--H. J. Griffith, Jones St Laugniin Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa. 'Fuo Efut General enirman Pice-Chairman--Irvin A. Brinkman, Mackintosh-Hemphill Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. - Secretary and .Yenter Letter Editor--H. J. Spoerer, Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co Chicago, Ittd. - V Contest Committee--N. B. MacHose (Chairman), Bethlehem Steel Co.. Lackawanna, X J' T. 0. Armstrong, Westinghouse Electric & Mfg., Co., Springfield, Mass. F. J. Conroy, Union Carbide Co., Niagara Falls, N. Y. -r Engineering Committee--R. A. Beyer (Chairman), Central Tube Co., Ambridgc, Pa i B. T. Dye, Republic Steel Corp., Warren, Ohio '.V. A. Jarvis. Chase Brass & Copper Co., Waterbury, Conn. Foundry Committee--J. H. Hoi.zrog (Chairman), Chain Belt Co., Milwaukee, Wis. K. S. Simpson, Caterpillar Tractor Co., Peoria, 111. r; Hcmtli Committee--Dr. A. G. Ka.m.mer (Chairman), Inland Steel Co., Indiana Harbor,' Dr. J. H. Chivers, The Crar.e Co., Chicago, 111. ; [ pi,c first session ol 1JS ailed to o rder I Uril E. Trammell. Sn -b'ic Steel Ceri-nra r Vtjlaiaa, who preside Dr. T. Lyle Hazlett. Westinghouse Electric & M/g. Co.. East Pittsburgh, Pa.. *, Membership Committee--E. A. Ellis (Chairman), Wheeling Steel Corp., Wheeling, W.U C. A. Bianchi, H. K. Robertson Co., Ambridge, Pa. j. M. Brooks, Miehle Printing Press & Mfg. Co., Chicaeo, 111. >i`V -iff Coc Poster Committee--J. P. Gathf.rum (Chairman), Great Lakes Stool Corp., Ecorsc, JbrL C. D. Dorwoeth, Alan Wood Steel Co., Conshohocken. Pa. I'UtN P. Leonard, Elaw-Kuox Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. ^ PiY'frtm Committee--Earl. Fyler (Chairman), Cr.rucgie-Illinois Steel Corp., Chitag1',- District Chief J. E, Clt.unly. Bcthiehcin Steel Co., Bethlehem. Pa. f.n^incerini: :`.mrtan J. Hoofs. Chase Brass & Copper Co., Cleveland. Ohio. ..ncths o: v.atcri:- ~i. V. Mud.\:.:e, Imcr'.nke Iron Ore Corp.. Chicago, HI. I'nhi:::ty Committee--H. H. Henry (Chairman), Otis Stcti Co., Cleveland, Ohio. **`r.crt that r. uare ' 'rjjiiii ana'.;-; ; steel E. F.. Greene. Timken Roller Bearing Co., Canton, Ohio. >.l of certa-r. fixed J. A. Col.TkiN. Tire National Radiator Co., Johnstown, Pa. 'Teases, the ;/-art ti luiiltt :y Car Builders Committee--P. J. Brand (Chairman), I'nllnian-St.'iuilard Car ''-tv decrease?. C'o.. Pullman, Chicago, 111. '-'gincering t :day, c. Statistics Committee--Io.-in P. O'Rockk (Chairman), Bethlehem Steel her, Point. Md. l- act scicr;;c. Tin t whatsoev.,r. Fas C. S. Pmi.i.n-;. Revere Copper & Brass, Inc., Rome, .V. Y. H. L. Rogers. Sheffield Steel Corp., Kansas City, Mo. :V'i with dire rction -sd,le. Memiers at Large-- *C. M. Allen. The American Rolling Mill Co., Middletown. Ohio. "F. C. Bennett. The Buckeye Steel Castir.es Co., Colutnbuw. <~>|> ' F.. F. Blank, 'ones Xc Lauglilin Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa. Iw A. Cn.M'M.v. Continental Steel Corp.. Kokomo, pad. If. '(. C'kouh.'.n, Inland Steel Co, Hast Chicago, lud "II. W. Dark. Btihleheni Steel Co, Johnstown, Pa. M. '.V. I Jcnoi.--r, Helr.i; Iron Works, Beloit, Wis. P. I'm, American Steel ,vc Wire Co., Chicaeo. 111. 11. !I. Fergus.v. Republic Steel Corp, Cleveland. Ohio ` Mter strtr.t ::.S ot [Ttm-e. and U /Irr wov.W Upl'IJl '"'I, hj bin cr LNp -- cmiugfi. ; houi;? ' rTl the- |,.; . 1. Mo- 1 lor ;. loiuiit ''.-"I failed Thin i1--! engine.. 1 itr: of a!: 'G."on T. Font'.. Wcirtou Steel Co., Weirton, W. \'n, S. r.. Hawkk.s. Macwhyic t o. Hriioslia. WB. ftsJJy.y'T `If. G 11 r.vsEr. `i'hc Youugslnw u Sheet K '1`utic. Co. .fiSHe-aga In A. Lauerman, Republic Steel Cot p., Chicago, W'' 'W- ' ^ fi'e bade ';-.\vr ol -Ap'."1) comli;; */,i rtevv.. `Vi'Dfes-ie.;,, ihc *'i < ' * ooo:j2n Mctr.U Section -ino ,1. I.uuisv: j> p McMahon, Superior Sled Cor]'. Carnegie. 1'a I NuuvirAomi), Hcthichcin Sice! Co. Sparrows E<oinU-M'I.- V Oaktei.. Carncyic-Illinois Steel Corp.t I^iit<hur'<h )\ L KkRkas.-ukk, Wheeling Steel Corp., Wheeling, W. Ya. |vc-ob L. Ki^iNcrw, Inland Steel Co., Ea-t Chicago, Fnd. `Kor.EKT L- Schmitt, Louisville. Car Wheel S; Railway Supply Co., LouAvilie, Kv. \ir.ir E- Tp.xmmf.li.. Republic Steel Cor;\, Alabama City, Ala. ] \ Voss.. Republic Steel Corp., Cleveland, Ohio. 'Freo E. Wakk. Carncgic-Illinois Steel Cor])., Pittsburgh, Pa. rburgh, r; 'fast Cefttr*! Cr.carman tzh, Pa. Tube ,n:. . Lackawa: 'dass. Ambridee. ?i '. . aukec, Indiana r.ir.ir. MONDAY AFTERNOON SESSION October 16, 1939 | 1 Tbt fir?! 505 5lon of (lie Meluls Section J ' vo railed to order In' General Chairman .e'rll H. Trammell, Safety Supervisor, Ro- f riiiic Steel Corporation. Alabama City, .'vtlir.ia, who presided. Chairman Tram mell made a report of Seel tonal activities during the pa>t year, especially nirntionin;.' the work of the various committees, ami then proceeded with the schedule of forma! papers, as follows: 'Ittsburch. : p , Whtehr.: Jorp., Eccr: :i Co-p- ' ..id. Ohio. -Stand;.:': -'.eel O Coordination of Engineering and Safety l r - By J. M. HASSLER *.? t '* District Chief Engineer, Republic Steel Corporation, Birmingham, Ala. t * ?-4:*r.cering fundamentally is based r.-. famous "Factor of TiAt'.* Thi- .'imp';, l of materials. Engineers have mean* that if a load is 1,000 pounds, an*, H: that a .-guarc inch cross-section o: for the span needed will require a 10 pound i - analysis steel will support a definir. - iv4.. "*. v certain fixed spans. As the spar: dic that the member w;L 1 <1:rrcacc'-. section steel member, then it should be buik rive times a- strong or as big, to take rare of lhr tools that will come along and plmx rive lime' the load limit on it. lbcr than research, A You have seen bridges that have sign- ^ *c'cr,ce- 1 here is no guess-work m them "Safe Load Limit Five Tori'." -.-v *-n*ls**Vcr- filets are known and i: Stand hy that same bridge for a while and /?*.* d" discretion will keep one out c: watch. Soon a thoughtless, don't care, ignorant individual comes along with a load `*W> _. -trengjij of materials were the:-- - .rtv7l "Ild ll'C exact load that a "p11 support v,a> known, it n- yy; v^-YlUtI c^Perit-iice. that iln\ v.a- ! 'KnihtU-x> per.MiiK wou*. ! J'.: fc,f , }U,vlu'A Ua*i> e.nx :iii-.r{3 VL''pUv:d dt-ail l-.iiid -iu<l ;1 \v;jx- i;i.{ Ri-iUm: ' ' llUl ljt,T;u; 'I tllollk;' -- 'final il:.n eng: -..- i::t fam i >. jc\( !u|.r,| ; of probably 15 tons and runs over tin; bridge. As a rule lie gets safely aero*Tin: "Factor of Fi\e" ha' >aved his hide. Ua'ieally i iiyinccring IS correlated will, -aiety. Tb.e very inundation and breadri of engiiwenne MWee.-- A ba-tal or. -afcl) k.r.uinecr> vuard neaiu-t jaiiuvt: vi'.ii llie:c know lodec--U'>t by gue"-work. d Ley knuv -imported nr A<iLp 00 no.  -*sf . *r L. ft .WW&Sa*_______ .. 1 V 1 i la-quirt-d whin ;'; < ! i .ild lie thoroughly C A v.tucr. If n . hold the drink1.:.' eye c.y- ; :.i Mining Section Then use a 2 Officers 1938-1939 onium chloride n*- r, :t- :il half hum- into:-.:'. c-rii/ Chairman--L. C. Cami'heli., The Kopj-ers Coal Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. ,'otlt' linin':. : ;.-T.aai>Hio,i--Ax;s U. CMiraeu, -McIntyre Porcupine Mines, Ltd.. Schumacher, Out., mild lie immediately.u experienced phv.-irli ; Cjas<!at\-i-Chairman--\\:. D- Haselto-v, Pickands Mather & Co., Duluth, Minn, j ic.relory and Ne:es Letter Editor--Daxif.i. Karruvcton, V. S. Bureau of Mines, Wash- velopmcnt of coninTt: * j laston, D. C. i lime lie? made i; ;.. \ biitr and Slide Committee Chairman--]. f. Forbes, U. S. Bureau of Mines. Pittsburgh, liaiu! unloading oi tit.' ver (he amoiml of liter r .1 ijsfyiir Committee Chairman--M. K. Buuo. .he Explosives Engineer, Wilmington, Del. ..rgc enough quar; :.. . t Committee Chairman--W. W. Adams. U. S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C. at containers he t,;. | It-tiers at Large-- I'd. J. Barrett, Oliver Iron Mining Co., Duluth, Minn. X. Thomas Allen, State Inspector of Coal Mines, Denver, Ccio. v *J.\V. Alt, Calumet S; Hecia Consolidated Copper Co., Calumet, Mick. 'EM. Arthur, American Zinc Co. of Term.. Mascot, Tenn. ' iiafFwa) E. Bedale, Consolidated Coal Co., Inc, Fairmont, W. V. .fr' jotlS L. Boardman, Anaconda Copper Mining Co., Butte, Mont. |vM\V. H. Comi.n'5, Xational Lead Co., Potosi, Mo. | T iLL. Coulter, Clearfield Bituminous Coal Corp., Indiana, Pa. CrM. Fellmax. Montreal Mining Co., Montreal, Wis. . | ulC W. Gibbs, Harwich Coal S: Coke Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. J-Dawson Hall, "Coal Age," McGraw-Hill Publishing Co., Inc.. Xew York, X. V. fMJ'.T. Harper. Tennessee Copper Co., Coppcrhill, Tenn. ,.-.'*)L-C. Henrie, Phelps Dodge Corp., Bisbce. A.riz. I '-.'*sah N, Hosler. Pennsylvania Compensat:;n Insurance Mating & Inspection Bureau, | ' . Harrisburg, Pa. t " ^ECK' Jamison Coal & Coke Co.. Latrcte, Pa. 1 -y E. Liohtfoot, The Koppcrs Coal Co.. Pittsburgh, Pa. 1., Martinson. Pickands Mather S; Co.. Cleveland, Ohio.' \ G. Mr.rzr.ER, Hudson Coal Co., Scranton, Pa. y .' Ik Mopfat, Utah Copper Co., Salt Lake City, Utah. - " Murray, The Union Pacific Coal Co., Lock Springs, V.'vo. --. ^yAX, Mine Safety Appliances Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. j -5 u ^ iinehart. West Virginia State Dept. . t Mines, Charleston, W. Ya. : - pU p 1P' The Xew Jersey Zinc Co.. Franklin.. X. J. $ ** JsePh Lead Co., Bomte Terre. Mo. L ^tson, .Alabama By-Products Corp., Plat Creek, Ala. a ''Cv 1 kF'vFEK, Hcmestake Mining Co., Lead. 5. D. :. 'A.- r"" ` American Zinc Lead & Smelting Co., St. Louis, Mo *"" Chairman Officers 1939-1940 Atencs D. CaMt'iutr.i.. Mclr.t; re Porcupine Mines. Lti. Miunnacher. 'II.AUI'.K E\ SNA. 111., Tl-.e >'.!,1:011 ClXll ^' H t-i't ins, ! 'i-kait.l- M :x Co. Ditlt ,ao i.iBe? CeC 450 2''lli Xnti/vuil Safely Cottarcs* l- -C/Mirmnn--"X 1'. iwi'iN'KKAut. West Virginia Aaic I)'C[.: \Y. Ya. Secretary and Xew LctU-r Editor--Danikj, IIakki.wto.v, l". S. I'.urcau vi Safe incton, YJ. C. engineering Committee C/.,nr/mnt--John* Trewkek, Homestakc Mining Co., Pres Health Committee Chain;:.in--P. M. Arthur, American Zinc Company Mascot, Tenn. Itib'. point 01 Membership diana, Tn. Committee CuMrimni--Heath Clark, Kocltcstcr & Pittsburgh Coal Ca-E >'`.*x**_***' nitv" e.tlJ Poster and Slide Committee Pa. Chairman--1. J. Fukuf.s, U. S. bureau ui Mine? Pitliij.MO Statistics Committee Chairman--\Y. W. Adams, U. S. bureau of Mine?. '* ashii coal mo - to < ,,<r.rrai irivo ive D. C. Entertainment Committee Pittsburgh, Pa. Chairman--J. T. Ryan, Mine Safety Appliance? Cottjij-' i*j*secoMnd pc ` Members at Large-- Thomas Allf.x, State Inspector of Coal Mines, Denver, Colo. '.W from the oiety m *J. \\'. Alt, Calumet & Htcia Consolidated Copper Co., Calumet, Mich. .... ixe tl'-?1 rG. T. Dakrett, Oliver iron Mining Co., Duluth, Minn. ~ Irtsust. t'rt Fred E. Bldau:, Consolidation Coal Co., Inc., Fairmont, \Y. Ya. ...setive, it is 11 John* L. Hoardmax, Anaconda Copper Mining Co., Butte, Mom *L. C. Camitiku., The Koppers Coal Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. V i r]o not want group, *\Y. H. Coming, Xarional Lead Co., Potost, Mo. M. L. Coulter, Clearfield Bituminous Coal Corp., Indiana, Pa. C. M. Feu.max. Montreal Mining Co., Montreal, \Vi<. i whole, Is i` : v:' ':^"on aspect?, spirit in t *C. W. Gum's, Hanvick Coai it Coke Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. 's'A t'-'i-iTv as in an *R. Dawson* Hall, "Coal Age," McGraw-Hill Publishing Co., Inc., Xew X. tciccruurdyno h H. T. Hauler, Tennessee Copper Co., Coppcrhill, Tenn. -y-1 * Re linimmou- *K. C. Hkxrm:, Plielps Dodge Corn., Limbec, Ariz. C. V. Keck, Jamison Coal Je Coke Co.. Latrobc, Pa. Thomas K. I-uuitkoot, The K"nppcr< Coal Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. , *>.-lu?ny. F rir.c of :cal 1; S.'.-; number "Geo. Martinson*, Pieknnd' Mather & Co., Cleveland, Ohio. ?. :his was C. L. MuKxfr.Hr, Lake Shore Gold Mines, Ltd., Kirkland Lake, Out., Cana-!.' One of "V's iLt.iAM G. Mktzukm, Hud-'n Coal Co., Scranton, Pa. -sutry is to a D. D. Moffat, Utah ('opj er Co.. Salt Lake City, Utah. 1 rartirtilarlv \ . O. Murray, The Union Pacific Coal Co., Rock Springs, Wyoming. -`ly, to the fa R. H. Si:ti`, The Xew Jersey Zinc Co., Franklin. X'. J. `;<tv ir the bit L. T. Sicka, St. Joseph Lead Go., Bonne Terre, Mo. that mewt O. \ . SiMLsnx, Cuppers Coal Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. iMc and tliat "Howard 1. \ or.vu, America:' Zinc Lead & Smelting Co.. St. Louis. Mo. * Pi;1: Gvi'.cvnl Ch.iirm.in " nxkcted not aad So>> ? `-'hie Mays tl. * '*.: dc.drabic iL>r. MONDAY AFTERNOON SESSION October 16, 1939 'Mate it is tin: in Litttmii to llicr ' *s follow? tb;. y >Uiic. On tla "a province r. 'A one.y ond i !lC -.rs'. vs-ioii of the M:;::: g Section was Lb to tt dic.r by t irucrai Chairman L. C Cami-hfll, .\<'iv(;uK to he Vice- Prc-idc sir Tiic k'oppcr> Curd 1 'itt'burL i\i v.itn piANtdrd. t `nniphUb Jh ni!i'4 i1 iii;ii k- viewevl some of the activities ot tb and its commiuccN during and then introduced the -chedulct [ho mis i1*1'-" -?>* . \ net diiticuL fW-r.Ca only t! principles a: '' ^ meehaui.' V; *' rot iK' of ibL ^ i l - om- nn-thc-job accitjr.,. Petroleym Section tlemau say this n,or,,:._ r tor a large corpora!-, in twenty-three stiiH ii'ii was -Id fatalities i-. ; among sonic 90,000 .he-jol> accitlents, NvliCrt^! Officers 1938-1939 ..ecidonts they had 203 i- -. if Chairman--! M. IdKi'ux, Title Water As-ociatcd Oil Cu., New Vork, N..Y. '.T idler Editor--k. S. HiitmaN, Oklahoma Natural Gns Company. Tulsa, Okla. ddH fatalities cost the cca, tifi'ivrin" Cummin'c Chairman--G. la. Caio'KNTF.k. Humble Oil & Kenning Co., Houston ncy. uker at the same seisin -tance where a man wj, .(I in an off-the-joli aerfiio money to pay ln's $;j; ,:d his company took ,:d it. Xfatty of the rest r 'Sve done the same this; :r Section might well c:.; herween this mcetiite ;;t ConnmUrc Ci-.uniian--Hit. Jaui.s \V. fowl. Gulf Oil Corp., 'fort Arthur, Texas. .jf'brtW Data .vt.vt Comnitlluo Chairman--H. E. DisUHNr.nn, Shell Oil Co., Inc. Jy Louis, Mo. .VatriiiH Coin >n il lee Chairman--II. \Y. Boncmss, Sinclair Prairie Oil Co.. Tulsa, Okla. 'i\iiicillio"S Commit .v Chairman--J. C. Yol'NO, Tide Waier Associated Oi! Cm, Tul-a . Okla. riilirr Committee Chairman--IIaiji.ky H. Myehs, Sinclair Prairie Oi! Cm, Tulsa. Okla :it:I Education Co imiltee Chairman--E. D. Ml'kiuiey, Mid-Comiucn: Petroleum Corp. 'Tuba, Okla. '.Castir Division Chairman--A. M. .MclvKA.v, Pan American Pclrok- Transport Co proper committee ior ;b light try to collect data t-; what our off-time accidtsr and what we can do i|im on a program of H'..ose lines, so that or tn- York, N. Y. ifjjj Lakes Division ittl-Droision Chain: ixCatitinenl Divis: fC* /iiie Coast Di-eisi.u 'hdirnum--J C. P.eknd, Sinclair leelining Co.. East Chicago, fud. i--T. S. M.uvitt, Jh., Houston Oil Co. of Texas. Houston. Texas Chairman--H. T. Makkf.i:, Phillips Petroleum Co., Bartlesville Chairman--A. I.. ,\xi?kkson', Standard Oil Co. < f Calif.. Sail Tran. tot tf only practice safety the joli as well. < f fix, Calif. f-Err Mountain VjGonjing. Din ini Clmiriimn--!V>yn V. Osiiokn, Standard Oi' Cu. (Inti.). Casper, ws have records, check . CK General Chairmen-- ' vc what those accidents:'. yff:. W. Black. Standard Oil Co. uf N. J., Elizabeth. N, J. i-i, H.W. Boccitss. Sinclair Prairie Oil Co., '1 ttlsa. Okla. N CHANT: That is a R- R.S. Boxsie. Star, iard Oil Co. of N. J., Neee \ork,N.A. ic of my own group if ;; A. W. Bri'F.i.an:). lane Star Gu- Co.. I tallas. Texas. he oif-tlie-job accidents , i . V. K. Currie, Tile Texas Co., Houston. Texas. ;k tenders, a third hand ; i)';iK-E. Donovan. Standard Oil Cu. of Calif. San Francisco, Calif. hanic. They were con: { 1.1- Hjchtowk::. Ynitcd Gas Pipe Line Co., Houston, Texas. fifty miles down the n i *'.0. Lockwooo. Citumcnul Casualty Co.. Tulsa, Okla. driving through a foe- ' | lid,. |t PutisstNu. i'uiun Oil Co. oi Calif.. Los Angcies, Caiif. hud a fatality <i! : j li. ko.M'F.ii. Humble Oil K: Kenning Co.. Houston. Texas. hut you can figure c,i! J NJ. Sr.xxE, Sncouy-Vacuum Oil.Co.. Inc.. New York, N. Y. that accident cost the I..- j-'M Smith, Standard Oil Cu. (tml.), Chicago, 111. tainly cost plenty to : it cost plenty to re-' i S - Vi ai.lacf.. Sir.rlair Prairie Oil Co.. Tulsa, Okla. 8 CftiTju-H. x. Bi..-.y.K.si.i:n, American Petroleum Institute. New York. X. -I 'F.R: Before we be in order ior l;r-r vote oi th.ink: 10 l*' ,;j iii tiic tine way Officers 1939-1940 r Chairman. tr-M -.5.'iuns on M`.cn ' * we. ; v/a* nuineroi:.'-) p.n<! carried' v."..'-'-' ' >.* --c. " /1 r /->. Fc l^nnan j\.r . -'* T>., XofiM.vxN. ?l;vl! Oil Co.. 1 :'c.. San Franci.*: `(tor--[l. T M \kktk. Fliillip' Fciroloum C l. 1:mw \,,-n ,\hrk', 551 WMfeui'A- ` W&fi ' d'T'JSW f .V'7/1/ ASiifr/v S f`*tV-C7/J.;r//;7/; fjr MarketingIMncC.., I \ IirrmfUil. .MW i;ri i!. R. .VcLr.A.v, While Star Uiv.. ` Soci>iiy-V:iani;ii f.j-' ^-1 . f \liiiu<:lU'lunr< 'v^jifni'h. Petroie m\'-t feus Later Lidii-r--H. \\. Wm.uxms. Pan-American Kcfiniiijlt C>rjv, Te.\;i$ Citv *r"r*r--l *:'C:Wr' .T,. rtv Liaug ineerm/t C^mmidee Chairman--f. Srrmx, Ohio Oil Co., Findlay, Ohio" ^'c'v * r . ''T llf*calth Committee {. 'hnirtnon-- I )i;. J. \\ . I.oxo, Gulf Oil Curp., Port Arthur, . fee Inndustrina!l PIhuitla Sheet Committee CYhoanir'mrimamn--MH. EK. ODisouiinncukk. Shell Oil Co., [^'v ... Louis, Mo. 1 Petroleum Program Committee Chairman--}. H. JMowx, Tide Water Associated Oil Co., N'cw X. V. Educa' ... WPublication Committee Chairman--L C. VoL'Nu, Tide Water Associated Oil Co ... - . " Statistics committee chairman--H.Mji.zy H. Alveus. Sinclair Prairie Oil Co., Tulsa, OVv' l-'isual Education Committee Chairman--T. S. Makkitt. Jr., Houston Oil Co. ai TnC:- Stat Houston. Texas yi;i? educational pr* rlllantic Division Chairman--T. W. Lour;. The Atlantic Refining Co., Philadelphia. Pi;-^ ` Series may be stai Great Lakes Dizdsicn Chairman--Fka.vk Hakkjso.v, Pure Oil Co., Chicago, 111. Gulf Division Chairman--W. I. Ken*t. Magnolia Petroleum Co., Dallas Texas ,.y&& Huw l0' train tl ' - :r about their joh* Mid-Continent C'i'cir. in C7<n>;m:--P. X. Dai.kymh.k, Title Water Associated Oil Cu*" Tulsa, Okla. A l*:c' England tree. Mass. Division Chairman--John* W. Welch, Cities Service Oil Co., -iS?S East PrS*-, I Huw to teach t! :r.`.ncs5 and its .nlmi Pacific Coast Divii.n Chairman--A. J. Makti.X'O.v, California Fetro/eum Sntfectv IV: 'f" krsiand things sues Inc.. Los Angeles. Ca Why they do I'ast General Chairmen-- they do it. R. W. Hi.alk, Standard Oil Co. of X. T , Elizabeth, X. J. H. . I'our.Kss, Sinclair Prairie Oil CM., TuKa, Okla.- K. S. IhiNsn:. Standard Oil Co. of X. j.. Xew York, X. Y. A. W . Pkkki.and. Lone Star Gas Co.. Oa!la>f Texas /. PC PiUOwn. Tide Water As.-ocinuM Oil Co., Xew York. X. Y. V. R. CYkkik. PC2 California Ave., Hni-Unn. Texas R. L. Lo.vov.w, .Standard Oil Co. of Calif.. Sun Fraud-m, Calif. C. L. H mi it* v.'j.k, Cuited Gas Pipe LY.v Co. Houston, Texu' G. O. Lockw**';. Continental Casualty Co.. Tnlst. Okki. Gko. y. lha'SStNO. Cnion Oil Co. of Calif.. Lo* Ar.geles. Calif. R. Ik !\<iaw:r. Hilc Oil VA Rchniu-c Hou-t< 'l\\a K. J. .'N.xxi-:. .'"otv.try-Vacuum Oil Co . ::,c., Xvw York. A'. A'. C W. Smith, standard Oil Co. Much). Chicago, 111. !). J. Wai.i.alt. Sinclair Prairie Oil C.'., Tulsa. ()kla. .^eercttiry--IT. A*. :li..rtE>r.KR, Air,erica:-. Petroleum In.^titutc, Ah rk, X. Y. (Ii) Why they ;;r : -i ^ul, both for ;u . { . wnsidcring the >a ? i whole. :i .i ..aAf 'c) How they can tiens in their erg: imi in wages paid '!) Why the varU ttered to them. '' dlow tu dearly : -:`s to the employ*. '* ' the best trsc ot t brief vtatemen *-l obvious, but whe'4` problems down dg.n actually ^t.i ' -'*ve something v- c taught us l' ir be able to TUESDAY AFTERNOON SESSION October 17, 1939 ( llch`, but u c k: M'b it our romp; ."t labor forces ^able lo live w The opcnii:-.; -- \ ot t::c Petre.c-::: Seaton v.;i' called j order / (retural Chairman j. H. Rro . Fire Protection E:> ginecr. 'Tide Water Yujciatevi Oil C'*:tt- j>:my Xc.v V'r>rk C . who predded. Tl.e tif't 1 cat u wa.' a ric'. .'net repi-r f sectKituI comim'Ke r:;;uniu:!. a* toilov .^eclamal .li traln^', 'ey General Ciiair:*-. II. Ui f,v. n. ' *' r^the.r than for Pif-elmes, i..:`.;\< A. MilRr- . 'n:'`>islr;es In g: ( r.'.'.irman, I'etrc/knm > .-.lion, :l',a in Manager, The Te:-:r . Company, lai-cly dee Cllr capitalistic I' ll. Te.\,-i'. \u^ ..M-- types ot pro r I'v-xiiiitmn, j, Xohnuu^1- ^ . , 'V^ 'vith |i;C /u-. PnrOeum S-viion, and * al_.... . ,N-^' to train our e r,il ^ J iln-i|- j,,), -m From ut$P& i ..? * ! !??fi5Ji.''- *-/'= 1 -.-. Cmi arrs<; H. JONES: Coiuplc:presses is ail very v. j wi.th. gpoeood,plseuphcerrvei.M. -r. guardi."S << ?:op1ir('|atvh,,ce la,'.e:-,:, ,,n service, But I h.vuH |ik;^ >; t my shoes ami lake care .? our'lon ' - where they can't -;oli (|lc r f *" '>" ScVVu2r 1'Ol,.Cn"r''t0Ectt|,^ Public Utilities Section Officers 1938-1939 vs guarded I I (Ion t care whether it ' ..rile guard or what. Those (t||^U know anything a how. The 0pt,' rets liis own guard. Those are t> rs that I am trying to lire * rT-rY Chairman--R. S. Mi.t/xuk, Toledo Edison Co., Toledo, Ohio. {.J'*ki-'r-bj't.,.cral Chairman--H. A. Ptolemy, Public Service Co. of Northern j.'vt3rSr:i-n11-1_._Charles S. Bowocx, Ohio Public Service Co., Alliance, Ohio. 'c^incermg Committee--E. J. Hanlon (Chairman), The Peoples Gas Light lllinuh, Chi& Coke Co., AIRMAN BERMAN: I',r. airi- w Chicago,- 111. gentlemen do not attend Natiorij .;T_ c. Bookman, Virginia Electric & Power Co., Richmond, Va. .' Congresses. p, McC.mif, Dnqncsne Light Co,, Pittsburgh, Pa. BORAKS: Mr. Jones really i-M- J. O. Speed, Alabama Power Co., Birmingham, Ala. story that is absolutely true." 1 j|' IjpCj. Stott, Georgia Power Co., Atlanta, Ga. feel that when I come to Nation;) Sheet Sub-Committee--Paul, R. Kutt.V (Chairman), Pennsylvania Edison Co., Al- Congress meetings the biggest 'hjpoia. Pa- I get is the contact with safety t'YiJ. D. Hall, Atlantic City Electric Co., Atlantic City, N. J. tit you fellows have beautiful plamc pyF-' jpHX P. McCann, New England Power Service Co., Boston, Mass. . Jones said. You are the last wore ';L\V. J, McVav, Stone tic Webster Service Corp., New York, N. Y. :y. I tell you something ought to U >i/rb' instruction Card Sub-Committee--\V. H. Brown, Northern States Power Co., Min- :bnut the smail plants that haver,'; Vjflapclis. Minn. ans or the inclination. Once I ma6 dryII. T. Caster, Lincoln Telephone &. Telegraph Co., Lincoln, Nebr. -estion that even- member cf Ihh 'ilkibil Committee--E. S. MtNF.it (Chairman), American Telephone fc Telegraph Co.. ttee bring with him somebody frrm AvN"w York, N. Y. 1 plant as a guest. It would betb fyj. M. Bcsweli., San Joaquin Light & Power Co., Fresno, Calif, }-t thing we ever did with this section, ;Jv,E. A. Rust, Eric County Electric Co., Eric, Pa. .i: company would bring an unit- S Strip Committee--A. A. Kuncf. (Chairman), Public Service Co. of Colorado. Dento this section in Chicago next ye::. | few, Colo. Ir. Jones would make a lot oi ben fVj' E. L. Dona, Central New York Power Corp., Syracuse, N. Y. rnd tiie insurance companies woa!) ; L. Smith, Los Angeles Dept, of W ater & Power, Los Angeles. Calif. little business. J;yy Gsores G. Waldrop, City Light fc Water Utilities, Fort Wayne, Ind. JONES: I was in a plan: lastvco l;.?nt/l/i Committee--Dr. Hart E. Fi-iifi! (Chairman), Chicago Rapid Transit Co.. Chi - "onnocticut and the sucerintcntiir: U . ago, 1:1. si girls come in tiicre ::: work sc: ? "fmberjhir Committee--D. C. Di.ncan (Chairman), Appalachian Electric Power Co.. ely refuse to go to work or, a pro- I BluesCd. W, Va. _ two sweep guards on m He In j. -W. H. IClssmal'!.. Nortliern Iiuliana Public Service Co, Hammond. Ind. nut on the handcuff rui.-c. ; J. B. PoRCHF.it, Ohio Edison Co.. Akron, Ohio. ^ ' W R. Smith, Ptthlic Service Electric ft Gas Co., Newark, N. J. = ""'* Letter Committee--Wm. L. CoNF 'Chairman), Utait Power R Light Co., Sah. Lake 1 :.Cty, Utah. J ....H. K. Berman, Consolidated Gas Electric Light & Power Co., Baltimore, Ml' V-- R- Kropp, Union Electric Co. of Missouri, St. Louis, Mo. f. '-rP^- -Y Ra7.l, Kansas City Power S: Light Co., Kansas City, Mo. I'j-VP'E. Vi noils, Central Power & Light Co., Corpus Christi, Tc.xas. { and Safely Kinks Committee--If. W. I.tn.cK tChairninn). Commonwealth F.di-on J.-30-' Chicago, III. I . E. P. Nevus, Central Maine Power < V . Augusta.Maine. I r/rJ' ' Committee--I*. I.. G. lf\--'K.\.o. ({Chairman), Penns'. t`. auia 1 ' A-lentow;:, Pa. R. E. Owe, Florida Power & Light Co Miami. Fla. I . C. P. TvVan, Northern Indiana 1' Tndiar.ar-oii 531 .r nj! : . ; jf,/ ****** .*>**;* 000.?- U 5S2 ?Slh Xaiiunal Safety Cunarcss H. E. Shelm>, Appalachian Electric Pomst Co., Bluehelil. \Y. Va. \V. Briley Weight. Eastern Shore Public Service Co., Salisbury, Md. , Committee--. 'V i!LifKMAN, Con- Publicity Committee--M. Outs 'Chairmar.). Public Service Corp., Newark, \ it H. ShEE'D, Appatae T. S. Shinn, Carolina Power S: Light Cc.. Raleigh, X. C. P. K STtLER, Electric Bond & Snare Co.. Xew York, X. Y. ; fjuwnttcc Du. * J. L. Weeks, Soutli Carolina Eiectric Xc Gas Co., Columbia, S. C. Statistics and Contest Committee--I. C. Martin (Chairman), Bureau of Safety. Q. E. M. Chase, Central Vermont Public Service Corp., Rutland. Vt. J. D. Eu.is, Northwestern Electric Co.. Portland, Oregon. D. F. McMurchy, Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga, Teuu. Members at Large-- H. T. Burton, Consumers Power Co., jack-on, Mich. C. H. Davis, Commonwealth Edison Co.. Chicago, 111. C. H. Dinsmohk, Wisconsin Power & Light Co., Madison, W1-. E. P. Duheee, Consolidated Edi.-ou Co. of Xew York, Inc.. Xew York. X. Y. C. X. Rakestraw, Cleveland Electric Illuminating Co., Cleveland, Ohio. Councilors (Past General Chairmen) 1C.rJ',"> Committee- -;tT. blab L P- Hoffman, Hot: -s Utter Committee-- C York. X. Y U A. Ki.inee, Public 1 K. POKCHEK. Ohio i t 0. St'EKU. Alabama | E. Stott. Georgia - .vf end Safety KinL febtic Service C>., Ha John J. Barada, The Laclede Gas Light Co.. St. Louis, Mo. \Y. L. Smith. I.os E. S. Beaumont, The Peoples Gas Light ec Coke Co.. Chicago. III. r. 'r.ytri/i Committee--D C. B. Boulet, Wisconsin Public Service Corn., Milwaukee. Wis. G. A. Dokller, Dayton Power X- Light Co.. Dayton, Ohio. Mi U'. ^"a-f. E M. Chase Centra James B. Douglas, The Philadelphia Ga.- Works Co., Philadelphia, Pa. George G. WAt.nunf. W. P. Ei.stun, American Telephone & Telegraph Co., Xew York, X, Y. " I. L. Weeks, South 1 Roy M. Godwin, Philadelphia Eiectric Co.. Philadelphia, Pa. ' Y ts'hrity Committee--J. E. J. Rkeh, Philadelphia Co.. Pittsburgh, pa. P. 1C Sth.es. Ebasci Wn.i.s Maceachean, Electrical Eng-inecr. Toronto. Ont., Canada. B. B. McCuE/.ncn, Bureau of Safety. Chicago, III. '".Saties and Contest i" George Off, Detroit Edison Co.. Detroit, Mich. V. I. ! D. Eet.ts, Xortlr.-. F. M. Pepper, Illinois Bell Tulcpiinuc Co.. Chicago. 111. C. J. Rutland, Texas Power & Light Co. Dallas, Texas. 0. F. McMukuhv, 'i C. B. Scott, Bureau of Safety, Chicago, III. I' -:sirs at Large-- M. P. Vkiui, West Penn Sy stem. Pittsburgh, Pa. f H. I. Curtij.v. Con-: Stefin/ Representatives--C. f. Giifveet. Const 1.dated Edison Co. of X. Y, Inc, Xew Vs. rl. Davis, C<tm;r- X. Y. fA.fi.A.) } C H, Dinsmork, V.": W. R. Smith. Public Service Electric X .as Co., Xew ark, X. J. (E.E.I.) I LIP. Durvee. Cot.- j K. \y. I.t.-KCK, Conn I C X. Rakestraw. i Officers 1939-1940 Venera/ Chairman--H. A. Ptolemy. Public Service Co. of Xortiiern Illinois, Chicago. yiir-C/hiirnmn--Cjiaki.ks S. Mowuiin. Ohio P' Me Service Co., Alliance. Ohio Sccrchiry--P. L. G. Has-Kaw., IV.x. -v l\ aiViu power Cv Light Co.. Allentown. I'a- Coii!m7/.v--E. J. H.\.\i' V I Ouiir G-.iii), Tlic- People.' Gns LKfU & CiAc Cliir;u:o. 111. 1C. K. Kuni'p. Union Electric Cu. <> .Uo , S-. Louis Mo. P.un. iv. Im;hn, Pcnn>>lvania Mill- a'. Co, ' i:4()ii;i, Pa. V. A. Iv.u.t., Ivwnsws'Oty Power C L;eiu C . Kansas City, .Mo Pu!:i Si:cct Siih-Coinwitt.'c--M 1". 1 'ini 'C lirnim:). Lincoln^Telejji.'ott Co.. Lincoln, Nelir. K. C. J\<>fik'.M \v. Virginia fMcetnc Puv. rr ., kieluv.nntl. Yn. \V`. If Ukowv, Northern M l' C.,., .Mmik-apiMis Minn ,\ti} clx /i: .Init lit*,) t ,ifd ^ ui`-i n; Ml. \Y : 'if.i v Wki.air iiimt). I'uMic Srrvice Co,. S;ilKhn:y, Mi!. T. S. Sill.v.v. Caiolina l`".\cr L.t I Co , LCGyh, N C. I). JC U'ihh)', CcuUtt! Lowin' N Lie m Co, C'/rptis Uiri-ii, Texas C.Minin'//.v--J. L Mi Caw: 'C iiiiinni/Gpnjln^ue.-nc Liqht Co I'; LI-bill r I. IV [T M.) , A t !ant ir t.il> i'.li rti ` ' ' joii.v 1\ -MlL'a.n.v, No*. I '< Cl' sk -'v ji4 >v_>s.. j 1- M. SritiKi:, St. .1 ' j-iritnrs (Past Cener. | h'Hx J. Hauaeia, Tl } S.. Beaumont, T t !i. Bout.ft. Wi-~f i 4. ,\. Dnn.utu, Da- | t H. Douglas, The j ;M'V M. C.OUWIN, r I J- Knot, l'hilati 1 `Yiu.s Maceachi.a ! g B. McCut.i.octt. 1 a S. Metzgi-u. Ti s [;iY,su Orn, 1 'elr. 1 M. l'l l-rt.it, Uh-, 'y J- h'l "1 l.A Nit, Tl ! II. Si I err, little 1 . :i- 1'. Wi.r.u, Wv- i -ofsi ttctrcsenhilil-, y J. Cll-URT, C . Swi in, Pul OGUECfi I. T~\ : ..tiL..--..'_'j j-^ 'v '***,\t'7';* y*fsXv f J*x lit <-- * 1W1 /7r~~ A Public (Jlililics Scc.i'.'ii 5S3 . \V. \'n. ,sjrt Cum,,,::: v--E. A. Kuvr t Chairman), Erie Couuly Electric Co., line. Fa. "ali.-miry, AJ,J -'* :fYY |l. "v'cc 0,1 I'- N'-AViu-k, X f (J j.; HilKUO, Cuii'-niidnlcd (i^;. Electric Light X. Powe: Co.. Hall iinore. Md >aiadiian Elecr-'ic J>o\*.cr Co.. 1 lluelield. \\ . Ya. V. : <.,,,<""<>- j\<. Il.xur E. ! "t -11 !.k fCluurmaoJ. Chicago K.n-id Trau>it Co, Chicago. "a. s. c U"'allO',W\ \. ' '.A '^J.n^r Com.,::: ~W.m. I. Coni, ft hairman), L tah Power \ Light Co.. Sail Lake CV' lUifu'=lv; ciaii y I loH'.MA N. Florida Lower S: Light Cu.r Miami, Florida ogn, 1 am. U`is. Inc., Xcw York, ,\ A-vciand. Ohio. io. 111. r \\ is. kuidnhia. Pa. v York, X'. Y Pa. Jana.ia. . - > - . . 1.(11'-'' Cum,-: 7/tV--1C. S. Mi.n'hn (Chairman), American Telephone & Tciegi aph Co., J&>4-*VYi A. J'.UNf.K. i ::i>lie Service Co. of Colorado, Denver, Colo. J j/'ol'CHKK. i Cio Edison OF. Akron. Oliio if. Sl'KHD. AT ! nma Power Co.. Birmingham. Ala. v ` :*f '4 yt. .S'iOTT, tic; ia Tower Co.. Atlanta, Georgia .-1^' and SS-a'ffe`'try Committee--\Y. H. Kussmaui. (Chairman). Northern Indiana -. *'m;.*.'.*'0^i.i.V- ,V.'}*,' D.-W .V.TVlCC C Smith. c . Hammond, Los Angeles Jnd. Department of Water & Tower. Los Angelo. Calif. '..; : *-*Va ,,o>t Commit!,v--D. ' a. C. Duncan (Chairman), Appalachian Electric Tower Co-. Blue- r l,l. Chase. C e:ural Mtiivuu Tuliiic Service Corp.. Rutland. Yt. G. \Yal laor. City I-ij-iht & Water Utilities Fort Way::-.. 1 :j<i. "C: -i: L. V.'kkks, S:. van Carolina Electric & Gas Co., Columbus, S C. . jptsu? Commute --]r C. Mauti.v (Chairman), Hurcau of Safety. Chieac<. ill. -cf^ i'. Stnxs. E: asco Services, luc.t New York, X. Y. <*-- yA.. Cou'' Committee--J- M. Oars (Clmirmon). Public Service Corp.. Newark-. ' L\ KuuJ>. Nor:i:western Eleeirie Co.. Portland, Oregon x S-. - * . Tennes.-ee Yalky Autiiority, Chattanouya. . r :rXfuLkttiort.vjc--C nsumers Power Co.. Jackson, Mien. Co. 0: X. Y., Inc., New Yi'C--. Lc::: U.'Davis. O.r.`.monwoahh Edi>f; n Co.. Chicago, II!. irk, >.\ J. (E.E.I.) " ' T -f j j - . D/NS.\fo;.}_ ;vj/kfkj:. C-. Wisconsin asnlidntcd Power Edi-on X: Light Co., Madi'On. Wi Co. of N. Y., Inc.. New Y< * *- > -* .:a;kck, C'. mmonwenhii Eds> on Co., Chicago. 111. .-:akkstx -V.' Cleveland ElectrT llluminaling Co.. Clcvel Stkik;:. S: . Joseph Railway . Lielil, Hear & Power C u X. Y. Ohio >t. Joseph, Mo. 'Crtiiem Illinois, Cb'uiun, i. Alliance. Ohio Ait Co.. Allentown. Pa. rl L , r ~ 'JJasl G: - ml Chairmen)-- X' Y-: --.t .. ; JiAKAL-*. .`i`.AU'MONT. The The J-adcdc Peoples Ga.Gas .Light Lieht Co., St. Louis. Mo. & Coke Co.. Chicago '-pb' Gas Light Cv l <-U- uf. \' *consin Public Sc rvice Corp., Milwaukee, V. f;*/KM.Ki:. r. ayton Power X: L icht Co., Dayton. Ohio V- /,:v;i.A', T e.'Z Philadclpiiin G ns Works Co.. Philadchduk . Mo. n. ' L ^ioDwiy. Piiiladclpliia Eieeiric Co., Pliiladcliihia, )';i. \y. l Dfh, PLY dedphia Co., Pittsi. nruh. l^n. .coin Telephone & I eb . Yn. inn. . 4> - <r;Tt Maci.ac:-::..an, Electrical En:iir.ecr, Toronto. Onl.. Cana ' :.G;Cuua. " Bureau of Safe;:y. CV.icago, 111. ' KTY.CVy. 7 !cdo Edison Co . Ti >Iedo. Oliio ... : r)vv. L* wit Edison D ciroii. Mich. (C imirmtiu). I-.a-t'-ir v T-.HM.k. i." ::;oL ILdl 1 clepho nr Co.. Chicago. II!. t. \Nli. T -sa-; Ibiwer X T.;.Jit Co . 1 Ulluv, 'lY'.nv - /1'1', Ji;;- mu wl Safety. Ci;i eneo. 111. To:;.. . ' fill, V. Penn S> 'tern. P ..rd.tirgh, Pa. 1 ir: t Co.. Tiu.'k;::-".- * - -- : r - - \ \ nc: ' 11.(>li' l.tu 1 1ML. t\. of :\* Y . \\n :? rtf, Seiwice Eiect:" X; G.i' Co., Newark, X. OCC" J JSth Xitiioiwl .V,7f'*v L'onnr curauly omt re .Ding umv. tempera tun.-* ami prc'-nrcs. Sufficient mercury thermometera- well a? recording thermometer' arc corrccit}- placed and aT'tnntly checked wa-*ure flic maintenance of correct temperat lire'-. hadi cl tbc-e pmct^'inc: operations re quire? uniHuai can. extreme nrcuraex com biner! with adequate supervision and in'peaion to a*surc quality and safety of the product. in spite oi the utmost care, defects in w urkmaii>liip and materials do occur in any manufactured article. These defects must lc found hefore the article leaves the fac tory, therefore, it is necessary to minutely in.-pect eacli article, diligently searching for and rejecting defective merchandise. These inspectors, well trained, are paid a bonus for rinding defects; however, as an added precaution, their workmanship in turn i> checked by product quality inspectors to assure accuracy and efficiency. The modern tire i* only one important acces.-ory fur the car ot to<ia> Ti'.c -anie painstaking cart- 1:1 mam:faeture. the ?ame high recard ior qualm. ::;e >amc precau tion' to a-Mirc the con*u:neW -afety j a major part of every piece or equipment that is manufactured into each car. Tires are -aie and automobiles arc >afc--if the per son behind the wheel and in control cooperates by thinking and driving'-Afcly. Quality control work in any manufacturing industry' involves two major safety func tions. The first consideration is the safety ol the employee, to see that the operator is performing his job with the maximum degree of safety iu himc]f. that the mate rial? lie works with, his tuois or machines have no apparent ftinctior.nl defects that may be hazardous to safety. The second consideration, safeguarding the safety of the consumer by seeing that each operation is being performed correctly, being con>tantlv alert to in?ure the observance of specifications in order that uniformly high quality, safe merchandise i' produced. Dusts in the Rubber Industry By P. A. DAVIS, M.D., F.A.P.H.A. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co,, Akron, 0. 1 )usts may be claWmed in two main groups: 1. Harmful: 2. Not harmful or nuisance. When we think of tins classification, we undoubtedly think of some type of pneumonucoiiiosis. However, 1 believe we must not base our conception oi dusts on this basis, but assume that ah dusts are detri mental to the human system as a whole when tlic concentration? are high enough. Whether the disability is due to a toxic condition or to a mechanical one, of course, depends entirely upon the nature of the dust. The conditions usually referred to as being of mechanical origin tall under that condition known as pncumonoconiosis with it? various sub-divi'ion' : The method of contracting pneumonoconiosis is by inhalation of the dust; however, all dusts do not cau>c pr.eumonoconiods. The higher the silica content of a dust the greater tiie possibility of developing a fibro sis and the higher the percentage of crystal content the greater the irritation. The diagnosis of the type of pneumonoconiosis is based upon the following: 1. Past history and occupation. 2. Physical examination. 3. Clinical examination of -putum. 4. X-rays of lungs. Since we have been studying die lungs ot Industrial workers by x-iays, there has developed an entity winch oidd be ternne-J the 'TiiduiLnai Lung." This condition, i believe, should not hclcrmcd a pneumono- conio>i< because it rcacisc-* a certain does not progress any /1:reJjcr and alter 'cveral month* to a >car improves. There arc nu svmpioms -w1 capacity ot die limes. It i by <u x-rays taken uv.'t^^iafiod of yea'r?c ) The ether cnudi; ji soluble du.-ts. .:jica, and metallic -.odcr a 'pcciuc c-*1" ! -oi-'Onine i* very ; .^halation of lend . I ;'nroAt irritation-; . 0f insoluble dr.':- ; mechanical. We tin j Justs as: 1. \ pneumonoconiotic. Some of rhe pr" ' used in inductr\ j classification- arc a* j pneumonoconiotic j l. Silicosis (sand.*: t earth, Stoughton j rotten stone. j than lA of IT I 2. Sidcrosis--iron iron sulphides <:: 3. Anthracosi?--co: 4. Asbestosis--pow ore. 5. Chalcosi?--coppt6. ChaUcosi?--?toiv. Non-Pneumonocc: Harmful: 1. Lead dusts, j 2. Arsenic dust;. 2. Chromium dust 4. Cadmium dusts. 5.' Antimony dust* 6. Radium compm 7. Alkali du>t*. 8. Sulphur dti'ts. 9. Tellurium cum; 10. Various colon ultra marine chromate, etc. Non-harmful but nuisance dusts: h Soapstone with. ; Z Zinc oxide and ? L Barium sulphate 4 Plaster of Paris. - Paris w hitc--wb } 5- Talc. j * Mica--ma> can* j 3. Oxide of magr.e | ^ Titanium dioxin-. ' As we can ?ce ; n^cessarily iuuct c classification of ha: - - J "Ad;d ant.Ji mivi nce /o*iif predor OOCL^B :rCSS r the far of today. The satn. care in lnamu'ncnirc, the samj . tor quality, the same prccau nre tlic consumers' -aietv js a if every piece of equipment t|,sl :urcd~iuto each car. Tires art itomobilcs arc safe--if the perth.e wheel ami in control cothinkmg anil drmug saieh. mtrol work in any manufacturing volvcs two major safety funcfirst consideration is the safety ioyee, to see that the operator ng his job with the maximum xfety to himself, that the mattrxs witli, his tools or machines ; parent functional defects that cardous to safety. The second a. safeguarding the safety of .r by seeing that each operation .r formed correctly, being con- 'to insure the observance of s in order that uniformly high merchandise is produced. .ustry P.K.A. kron, O. ed of contracting pneumonocoinhalation of the du't; however. i not cause pnctimuuocGmosU the sihea content i>f a du.-t the ossiih'nty of dvveluinng a nbro ug.ucr the perccnt.-ge of crystal greater' I tic irritation. The the type o: pnenmonoconiosis is the following : -tory and occupation, a: examination. . examination of s|'mum. ' ! *J!1'J * . r.ve lu-.n studying the limes o: .exers i.\ x-rty. y tlu re has tiem.ity .'inch -i -u!. 1 !,,; t; rnte-.t . >: he termed a | irnnKBio- it rcachc- a certain -tncr. ".'are-s any furtiier after :hs a year row-, Tltere e: ,r decrea-ed cae.rcn.y o'- d-coc'.-vni imiv l,v a srriw a period of years. Rui'l'cr Si'diou The otiicr conditions caused by inhalations 0; soluble dusts, insoluble, but free from .jlica. and metallic dusts have to be discussed under a specific condition; ior example, lead poisoning is very frequently caused by the inhalation of lead dust; and many nose and throat irritations are cnned by inhalation insoluble dusts whose action i strictly mechanical. Wc therefore may also classify dusts aft 1- Pncnmonoconiotic; 2. Xonpneumonoconiotic. Some ot the principal dusts or materials used in industry which fall under these classifications are as follows; Pneumonoconiotic: 1. Silicosis (sandstone, slate flour, fuiier's earth. Stoughton earth, iniusional earth, rotten stone, any other clay with more than '/ ot 17c silica, ground glass). 2. Siderosis--iron ores, iron oxides Iraq), iron sulphides (nat.). ). Ar.thraeosis--coal and carbon dusts. 4. Asbcstosis--powtlered asliestos, asbestos ore. 5. Chalcosis--copper ore and copper dusts. 6. Chaiicosis--stone dusts. Non-Pneumonoconiotic Harmful: 1. Lead dusts. 2. Arsenic dusts. 3. Chromium dusts. 4. Cadmium dusts. 3. Antimony dusts. 6. kadium compounds. /. Alkali dusts. & .Sulphur dusts. 9. Tellurium compounds. I" Various colored cum] omuls as ultra marine blue. krv."ian him-. Tad chromate, etc. Non-harmful but nuisance dusts: I- boapstone with Jg% or less ot free - lien. - Zinc oxide and sulphide. 3- Barium sulphate. ' Plaster of Paris. ' Pans white--whiting. !' Talc. J -V.ea--may ctnt'C a uwi'.ameai ir-'i.'wm. r'x: :e of magnc-ia. ' T-tattuim dioxide. V -'0 catt see in 11:: - c.aisificat: a wc "v.e-s.-.r:ty must go back ; . our - -..iiiai ':i'i!r.ra::on of harmful, and nut Itarttttti;: ' ..:u convinced that file ' i 1.. .; s i ir i-rviomimuu *i11: ,i - e ni siliea, there are many oilier conditions which arc produced in the respiratory tract which are harmful to the individual. The following are the most important materials used in the rubber industry which are in the form of a dust or powder and to which the individual-is exposed. They are marked by the following letters--H. harmful; X'H. not harmful; HT, harmful and toxic: HP, harmful and pucumonoconiotic; N'HX', not harmful but a nuisance .dust. 1. Talc soapstone with H of 19b or less SiO--XHX. 2. Starch and potato flour--XHX. 3. Zinc oxide--XHX--see chest x-ray. 4. Lead oxide, metallic lead dusts, lead chromate, and the various powdered lead compounds--HT. 5. Carbon black--XHX. 6. Rubber dust--finely divided dust from butting process--XHX. 7. Sulphur--H, sometimes irritates nose and throat and occasionally produces a dermatitis. 8. Whiting--XH. 9. Barytes--XH. 10. Asbestine--HP. U. MgO, and MgCOm-XH. 12. Lithoponc--XHX. 13. Red lead--HT. 14. High grade clay--HP if over ; of 1 c/c siiica and dust count is over 5.()0iV''''0. 15. Corn starch--XHX. lo. English vermilion--HT. 17. Graphite--XHX. IS. Chromium oxide--HT. 19. Ultramarine blue--HT. 20. Titatiox--XT. 21. Tliermatonic blue--XTX. 22. Zinc stearate--XHX. 23. Aluminum--XHX, occasional!)' causes a mechanical dermatitis and irritation of mucous membranes of nose and throat. 24. Hard rubber dust--XHX. 25. Lime--H caustic. Produces derma::'.!-. 2u. Various alkali dust.---H caustic. 27. Various chromium and cadmium 11; = i-, --HT. 25. Mica --XH -- sometime- cau-i 2. VrITiv oxide (Pe.OO. XHX. 50. Clack oxide 4Fe,0,). XHX. 55. u\.. .; liou---XH. '- !:.- ' ... _i ;t. fmc- . ter-.' 00028:) ffe- p}\V<-\\ Plii: V} I i < ' K^tdlT-t \ ` ' Wwin; tfl ; i' i-. fa H pjii t life m iii. nri!!i:i * ^iT**\ i:i !; : mUU.: ; &viU;y cgSfezsT^#. "-ftevC- y OnF.-i T ;i-i: .:: "onp powdc' -- irrmmi X!i. Some time* canw" derma:::i=. A Cnptax--XI:. 77 Them!--I't'ln Xaptiivlauw-- HT.^uimn a d-.-matitiv >v\p hark--\H. ><'im<-iimc< rmiM'' a hn- nryzn and ccuinnctiviri- A*. tuition linl fim;--XHX. l'i'on/c pmxdcr--I IT--ac to copper ami Tad content. 41. Zinc sulphide--XHX. 42. Sand--HP. 4A Various clays having more than Y> of 1 f`e of free silica--HP. 4-. Antimony oxide--HT. 45. Titanium oxide--XH. *K Various inorganic and organic chem ical compounds in powdered form often produce dusts during their u*>e and manu facturing. The>e must be considered in dividually as to their industrial hazard and toxicity and are no: in the scope of this paper. 47. Wheat and potato Hour--XHX. The following procedure will be helpful in solving your problem of dust. 1. Make repeated dust counts of the working area at various levels. 2 Obtain some of the dust and send it to \':x laboratory for complete analysis in cluding the determination of free SiO;. .V Examine the workers, x-rays of the ehcr: tor those working in pneumouoeomotic dusts. 4. vhcck tlie ventilation and increase it to ; reduce nou-hazardems atmosphere^. .\ .htTcrcmiatc between conditions caused by v datile substances and solvents, and iho-e caused by dusts. '* Protect the-workers with proper cloth ing and protective respirators and masks. 7. Study the particular dusts from the mec::iriical and chemical nature and if the cticct* arc unknown, resort to animal experi mentation. i: dusts arc toxic and harmful consider the risibility of a substitution tor a nonharm: u! substance. 9. r.xamine and x-ray all employees who are : -mg placed on jobs where there is a du>t hazard. They should be examined per!' heady. lU. Make each du?t problem an individual erne, lir.d in cn>e of silicotic dusts, keep the con:.:- below 5 M. per cu. ft., if the free SiO: .; more than lVc. 1j. .'"elect employees free from TE, cma-mc 'Tvitcmu-. pu-i minunz:.: mue::or pn-t : mmumuc oaidui'-n-. a-ii.matic^. per-' (> v. ;ih my oeurdui v.;\ vi mem - ;\-,r du-ly <>pcratii>n-. tu;t po::;;. Y< mi ri. it ,. i | r:i -d u\ih \ T haw Tiimd that thwv w x-ray evidence ji >\; v- liiY^i' 1: 11. I >' 5 <. "f tvtbcrcuin-i- in about 2 p r cuit r;` tiic ca-c- but only ) . of 1 per rrm active and . a -1 i.c d;iii ' inch i >>{ a permanent disability. I'ucumpiicaicd year-. pnciimoniconin*i> of a moderate decree is not di-ahling to a point of permanent di<aijilitv. Sdiv'`'i' i*: -iiiu-'itir iii:' Jutling x-ray*. Xon-siiiciou" ami if-'t I want to present to you a ease which !;oxic dU'ts--cut.; year. 1 think is a rare one. This employes has never worked in any dust before his employ ment on his present job. He has worked for I2ji years in zinc oxide dust and dur ing our periodic examinations in 1933 the x-ray picture proved very interesting. He does not have a definite pneumonoconiosis hut he shows evidence of glandular fibrosis. What will devclup in a few more years will he shown by x-ray examination oniv. He lias no symptoms. If this man had been working in lead or similar toxic dusts, symptoms of that particular substance would have been present. The dust counts on toxic dusts must be kept at a minimum, and much lower than that for siiicotic dusts. In silicotic dusts the particles of 10 micron size or larger are of very little concern, but with toxic dusts the I Toxic du^t=--tor exam; iirsenic, antimony, phoj dust', and alkali and c:. . iiunlli. j Xui>anee siu-t---5-every j x-ray'" only i{ inibealed. |'lf you fi::<i ar.y evidvi: ik-ttcr to correct tile cam j the vmpic*yev eh-tssherc jrau'es dissati* faction a: J such conditions can he cc j rnoperaiion hetweci: the ;ng anrl manatrmg depagate" at pre^etu all nv. dust are compensable. >jfmployer tn correct In- \ j:o a point at winch there ! Conclusie size of the partides is not so important as i> the number of particles. The smaller the panicles of dust the le^s the rate of settling j U i< impossible lo give J .ion u all the dn^ts to 1 and the greater the time of exposure, and this i> tlic important item in toxic dusts. For example, the permissible amount of lead Training dust is approximately 15 mgs. per day of eight hours. There \sould be very uttle chance of any one ever developing a pneumonoconiotic condition with this dust count, Employment Mane hut if it i> increased very little there is a. chance for lead poisoning, and so it is with the various toxic dusts. As we >can the histo tnovement. we find that emphasis has been placed The question in most of your minds is. "isponsibility in accident "What arc you going to do about these Authorities seem to ag~ conditions?'' The answer w simple. Aou . land by foremen is me: are going to correct them. It has been dsion) arc very largely proved many times that it pays big finance 'He prevention of acctde: return';, creates better working conditions, and the employees have a more efficient anc appreciative attitude tor the employer. j How do these author;:, i inclusions: W'liy must pume the re-i)onsibility re it is unneccs-ary for me to consider i sons under iw ir sopcrvisi methods of correcting the du.-t prob.err- l V\'hc(J v. c tei! our -upi for this -Js Jn the realm of the \cntila**^ 'AHut accept the respon engineer,'TAtirisw imltt'WSfSt: lltft .tl:e 'S'"! ' : 'A '4 occurring in their :o0C ^, iVfj?;- Rubber Section 641 .-. i'O.'I influenzal infections .`cmliiiou?, asthmatics, Sn,j >tvanlini involvements for that iIutc i> x-ray evidence in alimil 2 per cent o[ the ' of ! per rent active and disability. Uncomplicated -is of a moderate degree is a point ot permanent disa- ; :esent to you a case which rare otic. This employee ha; any dust before his emplov. ; resent job. He has worked in zinc oxide dust and durtic examinations in 1938 the proved very interesting. He e a definite pneumonoconiosis evidence of glandular fibrosis, .vciop in a few more years will x-ray examination only. 'Ke moms. I f this man had beer. had or similar toxic dusts : that particular substance would V-vUl. counts on toxic dusts must b? niuimuin, and much lower ths: cohc dusts. In silicotic dusts the .0 micron size or larger are o: ;::ecni. but with, toxic dusts rriclcs is not so importin' vr uf particles. The smaller tr: h:*t tiic less the rate ot r.vr the time ot exposure. a-: uupurtnnt item in. toxic d-*:* the permis-tbic amount ot k-- ; - .ximtciy (5 mus. per <k> ' There would be very h,,,: ..r.y one ever developing a ::c condition with this dust cv1-' increased very iictle there i? 'rad poisoning. and SO it i? >::c dusts. in mo-t of umr nur*: ' vj going u do about L ise .'ui'W i-r -implc correct :';wm. It ha? ... i;mvs tha: it pa> ? b:c r:/5`' bc'.lcr wcukutg cot-1-'- O VC ' h:\W jrv eijh':'-' vs-ary icr : li e vw'.kt vu in::-: com di:*i ' illation he suiVictom 10 reduce the cliiM eouiH : ^ a certain p*iint and have it maintained \ ,t that point. | You .diould pet iodically examine your cmj ^necs according io Hie lype of dn.sts cx- t-' and n> a .-uu^estinn tiic following a. ?elic<luli- uhivh I have ti*cd for a iev years. 5ilicn-.i' or <11 ic111ii* thru---*ix months in cluding X-ra>s. Kon-silicious and nun->ilicotic or nonsxic dusts--even- year, with x-rays. Toxic dusts--tor example lead, chromium, jrsenic.. antimony, phosphorus, chemical dusts, anti alkali and cuuMic dusts--every nonth. Xuisanec dusts---every l to \:/< years-- i-rays only ii indicated. It you find any evidence of trouble it is better to correct the cruise than to transfer the employee cNewherc, for this often causes dissatisfaction and suspicion. All *ach conditions can be controlled if there is rooperation between the medical, engincer- and managing departments. In most `tales at pre?er.t ai! condition^ caused by dust are compensable, so it behooves the tnploycr to correct h:- working conditions !c a point ai wine;: there are mi hazard*. Conclusion h k mpjs4ib:e to give a detailed descrip- ;U,n *f all eU- bi't'i u-ed in the rubber industry, for the silicotic dusts alone would require a volume to do them justice, but I want you to remember that there arc just as many serious conditions which may de velop from the. inhalation of various toxic (IllSts. TIiC'C conditions are often* more, serious than pneumouoconirwU and develop much faster and in a shorter period of time. For instance, a person may develop a lead poison ing in two months from inhalation of lead compounds and it might take five to ten years for a silicosis to develop in the same environment of silica dust. There are on the market today many fine and etiiciem protective devices such as chemical protective masks, dust respirators, positive pressure masks, clothing and gloves which it used will give good results. Instruction to the employees by the super vision in regard to their personal habits, their instruction concerning the type of dust they are exposed to. and why they have to use tiie protective appliances, will reduce the posdhiliiv of any trouble to a minimum. All laboratory work must be done by a technician who lias recti trained in the vari ous toxicological laboratory techniques and the interpretations must be made in con junction with the pan history of the in dividual. May I say in conclusion that it i< much more profitable to correct a du-ty operation than to <Kc;arc it a hazard. Training Supervision in Accident Prevention By JOHN J. LOGE Employment Manager. The General Tire & Rubber Company. Akron, Ohio As we scan the history of the safety 'f,vemcut, we :';::d that a great deal of nt'Uasi> has her:: placed on the foreman's 'Ponsibilitv j- accident prevention work. '^critic; ::t :o agree that foremen is meant direct super- are ver'J'cveurio- : larucly responsible for accidents in industry. /`o ti-.c :c ;u:ncr::ie? arrive a: their " l;v . ' ' bilky for tercuten asiuries :o per- vi-!on r\ must be prepared :o state a few reasons. \\V ask a foreman for a report following an accident, and he has a right to a clear understanding as \o the reason why he is called upon to explain when one o; his workers is injured. There is nothing mystcriou* about the placing of respon^lumty for accidents It isn't the case of management irr.ee- s:::g a burden upon supervision tha: -r. tuiri belong elsewhere. ::: is placed in a super* position where i'--` has otliers. he becomes ecoex l PV feu "5^ I v Congress Steam Railroad Section that it won ,\ bo to the ailvaaujj VOUC tO C'H* ukr it irum tluu point , iut only .. vou-idertitiou ui .3.,,. ,,rs but m i ,., r. nuniiium will, `iimnau hri/; A' T ; Officers 1939-1940 i ! -~-rc! Chairman--H. 1- Hkxuv, Chicago & North Western Kail way Co., Chicago. III. 1 "'.Chairman--D. G. Par-urs, Wabash Railway Co., St. Louis, Mo. -/ary and Actor Letter Editor--P. F. Buckle, Chicago, Burlington &: Quincy Railroad -.Co., Chicago. Ill t y-qram Chairman, J. R. Te.vney, Western Maryland Railway Co., Hagerstown, Mil. 1 \ttrfbcrship Chairman, Rop.ert Scott, Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Co., Wilmington, N. C. ' j`utistics Chairman, T. H. Cutnow, Pennsylvania Railroad, Philadelphia. Pa. i Chairman, C. L. LaFountajxe, Great Northern Railway, St. Paul, Minn. : itfisr Chairman, L. J. Eexson, Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul & Pacific Railroad Co., 1. Oiirago. i if; Practices Pamphlet Chairman, W. J. Weil, Delaware, Lackawanna & Hudson Rail- iroid. Scranton, Pa. Viirinfl/iainr L~ Elections Chairman, W. C. Ske'-VEk, Union Pacitic Railroad Co.. Omaha. | Vvi> ihilth Chairman. Djt. lit t.'ir, S. Cutter, Cliicago &: North Western Railway Co., Chicago. TUESDAY AFTERNOON SESSION October 17. 1939 Tl'.e opening wWor. < i Steam Railroad T ikgates was called In order hy E. L. i'adtry. Assistant to the General Manager, J ilicago & North Western Railway Com pany, Chicago, who presided. Chairman Henry welcomed the delegates, sketched the program of sessions briefly, and then in.7'-.duced the first speaker. Safety Today and Tomorrow on American Railroads By CARL R. GRAY, JR. Executive Vice Pres:: ent, Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha Railway Company, St. Paul, Minn.* , 'Ti^re is one U'.uvg b: vv.ich I will not -a'ety---of the lives of all ot our people, aits a back seat tor anvc::e r.nci that i> the Xaiurally I should be most interested in I have, in Safely.' Perhaps it is the safety performance of the Omaha RailWly from inheritance tha:: 1 gather my in- road; but one cannot be safety-minded and m this work--perha;j from tl'.e en- ^lament and association ! have had with ^ who believe in safer who preach it, *^ho practice it con-iu Perhaps ii A ;rorr. iUe standpoint (" ali/.ation that ichwic of the i: rs in the so- f ^ Qt the tru:Pp<>rtaf/ problem. But / '>&tr it is ,Mie or the o*: . or a part of Jv'j that i am dc:.: !y, completely 2. /`'^it'henrtc'ily devour . considerable --'-'`n of m\ to the . fail to recognize and be interested in and a j art of safety as it is understood in the Urines* world today. One has but to look at the program of this .Congress to realize wha: a tremendous place safety has taken in the liv.-< <0' the American peupk*. for it permeate* ihv very -011U of .-> many o: u-. i: A, and !:a> been, a umvdcte succc'5. I road nil I ran concerning early American rr.hronding. Here is a dipping from an Fmc new spaper , b, l?60. ouot- 645 tMmmm fe 00un , .F~~p3 "-'i #/ ..^1 asia mattaast s^sssstsa* Textile Section Officers 1938-1939 , ,-.i;i-rii/ Chairman--E. A. Roberts, American Mutual Liability Insurance Co., Atlanta, Ga. ; 't';e.Chairn:aii--E. M. Salley, American Er.ka Corp., Enka, N. C. > `\;trelary and A'czos Letter Editor-- Frazer Patterson', \V. C. Bradley Interests, Colum- ! t-us, Ga- I [agineering Committee Chairman--Norman F. Hines, Ludlow Manufacturing & Sales I Co., Ludlow, Mass. I U/cIlh Committee Chairman--Fki:d W. Semi, Aetna Life Insurance Co., Hartford, Conn, i Utmbershir and Publicity Committee Chairman--Jett M. Potts, West Point Manufactur! Lag Co., West Point, Ga. | Pregram Committee Chairman--\V. R. McCallum, South Carolina Industrial Commission, | Columbia, S. C. 1 ttitiitics Committee Chairman--W. L. Powell, North Carolina Industrial Commission, t Raleigh, X. C. [ fiaict Education Committee Chairman--C. C. Campbell, Marshall Field S: Co., Spray, I.N.C. j Umbers at Large-- ' ' J. E. Esscert, Johns-Manville Corp., Mauville, X. J. [ B. R. Brown, Columbia Mills, Inc., Chicago, 111. H. R. Cory, Beacon Manufacturing Co.. Swannanoa, X. C. [ `Charles H. Eames, Lowell Textile Institute, Lowell, Mass. Russell T. Fisher, National Assn, of Colton Manufacturers, Boston, Mass. A. S. Johnson, American Mutual Liability Insurance Co., Boston, Mass. [. K. McKelvte, Merrimack Manufacturing Co., Huntsville, Ala. [ Gilbert R. Merrill, Lowell Textile Institute, Lowell, Mass. `Frank E. Morris. Liberty Mutual lnsurar.ee Co., Boston, Mass. | B. G. Stl'miikrc, Tallassec Mills, Tallasiee. Ala. j J. T. Truunt.fr. Xortlt American Rayon Corp., Elizabethton, Tcnn. R. B. Wickham, West Point Manufacturing Co., West Point, Ga. , *T. A. Wilson, Xorth Carolina Industrial Commission, Raleigh, X. C. \ Centra) Chairman Officers 1939-1940 \'-tKcrai Chairman--E. A. Roberts. American Mutual Liability Insurance Co., Atlanta, Ga. j Viu-Cha irtrsu--E. M. Salley, American Enka Corp., Enka, N. C. i Secretary cr.d Nezvs Letter Editor--Frances Eethune, R. X., Firestone Cotton Mills. 4 Gastonia, X. C. I ^uieerinc Committee Clntirmait--R. Ik Wickham. West Point Manufacturing Co., West i * Point, Ga. > 'with Corrmittee CJutirnnm--M. F. Tkiik. Xoni; Carolina Board of Health, Raleitth, \ t M C. -'Uj::bcr,tt:ir end Pubiifity Committee CLtir-.mm--W R. McCai.i.LM. South. Carolina In* .'-atrial C. nimissicColumbia. S. C. 'r5rau C mi!ee Cimirnmn--W, I.. 1 '-.v. n.r.. Xortl: Carolina Industrial Commi-.-.iuii. .^e'eigh. X. C. - "`l* Prnc.ww Po)<:ri'let Cmr.miltec Chcinc -- X**-'\|.\n F. H/nf. * Sales Co.. Ludiov.'. Mass. 077 0002^3 I ' ; .* | \ t : .! '1 t 7; < . i, Tc: Committee mi Cooperation -fith Trade .Issacialinns, Chairman--F. II. Sm, ^ although in .tlic span of a Jew vc Carolina Dci'ttrtmctU ol Labor, Ralviglt, N. C. I'isnal education Committee Chairman--W. D. W'iiavk!1.. Mar X. C. Members at Larne-- Fivl.l iX C. Xl-re. a yin probably be accepted universally >; true value, the interest shown in it by some industries is still lukewarm, ^uld seem to me, then, to be the duty J. E. nKRC.r.uT. Joluis-Manvillc, Corp.. Manviile, X. j. D. R. B/towx. Columbia Mills, Inc., Rosclaud, Chicago. Hi. J. T. Brows, E. I. du Pont tic Nemours &: Co., Old Hickory. Tix-.r. Johs J. Buiturs. \V. J. Dickey & Sons, Inc., Oclla, Baltimore Co.. Mil. H. R. Conv, Beacon Manufacturing Co.. Suamianca, X. C. *CiiAitt.i:s H. Eamks, Lowell Textile Institute, Lowell, Mass. Arthur S. Johnson', American Mutual Liability Insurance Co.. Ilv-unt, Mm H. McKnt.vrit. Merrimack Manufacturing Co., Huntsville. Ala. Frank E. Morris, Liberty Mutual Insurance Co., Boston, Mass. *T. A. Wituiox. North Carolina Industrial Commission. Raleigh. X. C. 'Past General Chairman believers to make as loud a noise as p j ^]c in behalf of tlic safety work. Just | rproduct is marketed, the same prir.cip Jf salesmanship must be employed in sell; ! ike safety program to management. As sc l $ management is sold, the accidcnt-prevt j rieft program will pass its probations j dace for it will liave secured cxecut: j janction. j How can we go about tins salcsmanshr 1 When it is suggested to an employer th . j x spend more time in developing a safe ; jircgram in his plant he is naturally gob j wask: "How do I know that it will pay. : for after all, an actual investment will ha- TUESDAY AFTERNOON SESSION ! q be made in time and in money, and ; | trill want some assurance that his comps: October 17, 1939 The opening session of the Textile -Sec tion was called to order by General Chairmatt E. A. Roberts. District Engineering Manager, American Mutual Liability In surance Company, Atlanta, Ga., who pre sided. Chairman Roberts presented in annual report a brie: resume of Section an,.! Committee activities, and then introduce: the first speaker as M:cd in the schedui' I program. zA his employees will receive dividends. ! The best answer that I know of is fro: i the experience of others and a fair te' cf such a program in his own plant. A -The primary consideration is, of cours-. \ irom a humane biandpcin. It is not ncces j-saiy to dwell on that, for I am sure tha j all agree that any effort to prevent acc: | feats will prevent suffering and tins is mos How Far Can We Go Without Management in Developing f rortinvhile. f Consider lor a momc::*. ihc far-reachim and Maintaining a Satisfactory Safety Program? j results of an accident, j:: addition to tin By HUGH L. BRYAN 4 sctual suffering from u:;ury there is th. i injured employee's loss c: earnings to cow Personnel Manager, Sonoco Products Co., Hartsv:"-. S. C. j skier. The effects of this )(<> do not ccasr } when he returns to work, for a family mo:. There can be oniy one answer. The inter- This i< a wry am :c*us subject, for v.c with dependents will usually find that In: c>t taken in the safe :y program hy foremen may well n*k onrsc . how far can we ; insurance money, while he is away from and other employees is in direct proportion go without f;:e coop; ::nn of our emple: * J xorkf is insufficient to provide for the regu- to the interest, cr::ku?iasm and support ecs? The initial step*. '.".wever, must alw*\v> i h- needs of his family, ur.d he is then per- shown it by manageirr.t-nt. I sav this unre be taken by manager'er. J hips forced to obtain credit which must be servediy and emphar: in-. Who of us has : :o: heard an associate, referring to the bo? say, "You ran do almost anything else a: *.d get away with it, but you had better not fail to turn in the *uM man's' <!ni)v departm ur.tai report-." or nomething similar lo tha Many a;: '`old man * has a pet hobby or r.rory which he i- very enthusiastic about :::: whir'n is >trictly ob* 'c-rved by his employ swnictirr.vs through fear but usually tk: r-.-uii rc-'pec:. Xow if this pet hobby or Ik .-.ry happ-.-r^. jo be- the safety program its -CCCS- it laruclv as* sured. _ Often we find top :men, whether pro:dents, superintendents, department head.', who have been on their jobs for almost hah .a century--men of the e!d school who ha\r done an exceiJenr iw., of managing. who have always aay; -ud as a matter course that a curtain :r nuher of accident were hound \f, happen ::.:.d that not n gr^; deal ronM I done ' * i;r it. Since d't'* reads U-hev.X. -.ids : onl> manual r-y their younger :bo:-d;.:-.r. should share - vittic Ojirnior. Tlic entire -\foi\ w /enient t"-5'0.1*'?'our country i? still very uch in its Ween care of when his full earnings begin \ *gain. ^ ; From tlic employer's .-'.andpoint a loss is ? <ho sustained. If the injured employee N l 1key man or skilled h-.i.-rer in a produc' line, the entire w ork retarded or held ' Until a s-uiUihlc sui- :me can he ob This, of eour-c. means decreased ''Auction and increased -rhead. Ccrrtafiiiy tlio-c two k> of an aecidcm. ; arc i:m>ortn::: c:v :;d: to make an if a method w:`ctrv?T! accideio OCOL'M 694 28th National Safety Congress Publicity Committee Chairman--F. A. Pollock, Lumbermens Mutual Casualty Co., Chi cago, 111. Safety Instruction Card Committee Chairman--Thomas Sherry, Potlatch Forests, Inc., Lewiston, Idaho. Statistics Committee Chairman--Will D. Jkskiss, British Columbia Lumber & Shingle Manufacturers Assn., Vancouver, B. C., Canada. Trade Association Cooperation Committee Chairman--D. J. Murray, The Huber Manu facturing Co., Marion, Ohio. Members at Large-- *R. C. Barr, Lumbermens Mutual Casualty Co., San Francisco, Calif. *F. W. Braun, Employers Mutuals, Wausau, Wist R. F. Caldwell, Moore &' Merklein, Inc., Shreveport, La. *E. Ross Farra, Grand Rapids Safety Council, Grand Rapids, Mich. Harry Guilbert, The Pullman Co., Chicago, HI. Roland Jones, The Surty Manufacturing Co., Chicago, 111. Harry J. Kelley, American Seating Co., Grand Rapids, Mich. J. H. Lee, Liberty Mutual Insurance Co., Rockford, III. Walter S. Paine, Aetna Casualty & Surety Co., Hartford. Conn. J. A. Purdy, Michigan Mutual Liability Co., Detroit. Mich. G. E. Santoro, General Electric Co., Schenectady, X. V. H. E. Seely, The Brunswick-Balkc Collendcr Co., Chicago, 111. Past Gtr.eral Chairman MONDAY AFTERNOON SESSION October 16, 1939 The fir-: session of the Wood Products Section ..as called to order by General Chairman H. Lee, Safety Engineer, Lib erty Mutual Insurance Company, Rockford, 111., who presided. In his opening remarks, Chairman Lee sketched some of the activi ties of the Section during the past ;car, paid tribute to the Sectional Committees lor tbeir work, and then introduced the first speaker. Health Hazards in the Woodworking Industry By R. R. SAYERS Senior Surgeon, Division of Industrial Hygiene, National Institute of Health, U. S. Public Health Service, Washington, D. C. In 1935 there were 579,012 workers in the United States employed in industries in which-u-ood ir.-c-a---e form is the princi pal material. Of this number 283,309 were employed in the basic industries and 133,772 it: the furniture and related in dustries. Che remainder were in woodreworking industries, wooden-container industries, and other allied industries. Only limited data as to absenteeism due to all illness or to occupational diseases arc available. However, in a survey of 1,-187,22-1 vurkers employed in Ifi indus- try groups in 16 states the data given in the accompanying table showing exposures were obtained for the lumber and furniture industry. The table shows that dusts and H|C chemicals involved in finishing and Pre' serving wood constitute the major exposttres which may cause iilnoss or t"1' toward symptoms. _____ Dust Many fiiiessti in tfl.i^jvrocul unit ist (sawing, |jjifanibg; horifi^T. drilling, belt' Percent c Furni Mate Number of 1. Organi 2. Silica c 3. Derma: 4. Petrole 3. Lacquc: 6. Orgar.ii 7. Other 8. Silicate 9. Carbon 10. Paints sanding, rev give rise to Smith, in relationship disease, stat to conditio; trade of we increased ri Although to whether . ior an in ere among woi agreement enough cone irritation oi The possibi! that this typ. of the tuber tory tract, is no concludust is the dence of ta: tory infectic more extensi tion than has to be warrant The occur, inhalation of mentioned. . carried out c oratory stud; in the Upper symptoms m matic. Thes' they came it maple logs c The dust P <^Jur.^us klctU ^3`cale E. .inci condition ogc:: is U'\:od Products Section 69: s Mutual Ca<tialt\ Co,, Clii. why, i'otlutch i'orcst>, ]iic nhimbia Lumber & S)iitig[c Murkay, The Huber Mann. eo, Cali l. Midi. ill. ION kctchcd some of the nctivi'.ion during the past year, the Sectional Committees .ml then introduced the first Industry Institute of Health, 3>.C. states the data given in table showing exposures the lumber and furniture .vs that dusts and the d in finishing and prestitute the major expo- cause illness or unDust in the wood industry boring, drilling, belt- percent of Workers in the Lumber and Furniture Industries Exposed to Specified Materials Materials Workers Exposed Viniibcr of workers surveyed 93,375 Organic dust .............................. 51.8 2. Silica dust .................................... 57 3. Dermatitis producers ................. 5.3 Petroleum products ................... 5.0 3. Lacquer and varnish ................... 3.7 6, Organic solvents ......................... 3.6 7. Other metals .............................. 3.2 jt. Silicate dust ................................ 2.8 9. Carbon monoxide ....................... 2.2 jO. Paints and enamels ..................... 2.1 sanding, removal and utilization of waste) give rise to wood dust. Smith, in reviewing the literature on the relationship of wood dust to respiratorydisease. states that on the whole exposure to conditions of work incidental to the trade of woodworking carries with it an increased risk from respiratory disease. Although there may be disagreement as to whether wood dust per sc is responsible for an increased incidence of tuberculosis among woodworkers there is general agreement that organic dust in high enough concentrations may produce some irritation of the upper respiratory tract. The possibility has also been suggested that this type of dust may act as a carrier of the tubercle bacillus into the respira tory tract. In view of the fact that there is no conclusive evidence that pure wood dust is the cause of the increased inci dence of tuberculosis and other respira tory injections among wood workers a more extensive investigation .of the ques tion than has yet been made would appear to be warranted. The occurrence of asthma due to the inhalation of fungus spores should also be mentioned.' 'Towey, Sweany and Huron carried out a clinical, roentgen and lab oratory study on a series of 33 patients in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. The symptoms were acute and typically asth matic. These men were working where they came into contact with dust from maple logs cut for more than a year. The dust proved to be the spores of a iungus identified as Comorponnn corticale E--a-'id-E-v*'In the authors' opinion",' the condition was due to a local toxic effect and foreign body reaction, combined with a delayed effect resembling protein sensitization in its clinical and certain immunologic effects. The authors recom mended preventive measures which in clude the removal of affected patients from the environment of the spores as soon as they are detected, or exhaust ven tilation of the saws during the working process. Poisonous Woods. The-fact that con tact with certain woods and their dusts may produce an irritation of the skin, mu cous membranes or symptoms of general poisoning is well recognized. The major ity of cases of dermatitis and toxic syrntoms from wood occur in those whose work brings them in contact with the dust and sawdust derived from these woods. However, eruptions have occurred from other types of contact such as proximity to the tree alone or while handling the wood in any way. Woods of tropical origin are the more common offenders. However, the wood of numerous trees native to temperate climates has also been found to produce irritation. Among them are: birch, Cali fornia sequoia, chestnut, hemlock spruce, Norway spruce, Japanese Tagayasan, cocobolo, Brazilian walnut, blackwood, satinwood, sabicii, mahogany, teakwood, ebony, boxwood, yew Wood, red cedar, oak, and beech. Few figures arc available as to the in cidence of dermatitis from contact with woods. Schwartz found dermatitis re sulting from the dust of Brazilian walnut in 11 of 100 workers in a cabinet-making plant. He communicated with other firms using the wood, and 9 of 10 reported in stances of eruptions apparently attribu table to the Brazilian walnut, the number of workers affected in the different fac tories varying from one or two to a ma jority. One firm reported that it had discontinued the use of the wood because of the large number of workers affected. It is obvious, however, from the relative frequency of reports dealing with such woods as satinwood, that sensitivity oc curs frequently with some, while the infrequent or single mention of other woods indicates that reactions to them are exceptions ,,,.^5^ _ The precis fljjjpjipjjf the ldxic effect o: ?!i occ^c; . ;i" -r w ' r \. >:>?: ~Sj mm-w---; fe&jgfBBcra j;f*e?&-, a&-'4vsV?7 6% 28th National Safety Congress woods has not beer, accurately deter mined. Some authorities believe that the toxic agents are free unsaturated acids: others, that they are resinous oils and alkaloids. Other types of chemicals are responsible in some cases. The toxicity frequently varies with the habitat and in many varieties of wood, irom one tree to another. Thus, it is re ported that cocobolo wood from Panama can produce dermatitis, while that from and dermatitis. Although perforation of the nasal septum has been reported, it is infrequent. Prolonged work with stains containing methyl alcohol may cause optic neuritis. "Polishers' itch", an eczematous condition of the hands and arms, is common among wood polishers, the causative agent being either petroleum, shellac dissolved in wood alcohol, or in alcohol denatured with pyridine bases. Xicaragua appears to be harmless. The variation in toxicity from one tree to another is particularly marked in the. case - of satimvood. --- '" The majority of woods are most toxic when freshly cut but a few become in creasingly harmful as they age. Thus cases of dermatitis have been reported in persons who had sat on branches of The use of the spray gun and dip tank for the application of paints and lacquers has' largely replaced the hand brush in industry in painting operations. The adoption of these methods has resulted in a change in working conditions with re sultant hazards of two types: those relat ing to toxicity and those relating to flammability. the rengas which had been cut and dried The substitution of harmless pigments for months. 'The use oi this wood for the for toxic pigments has rendered many manufacture of furniture has practically ceased because of the production of symp toms by furniture which has been in use for years. paints much less poisonous. Turpentine and benzol have been displaced by other solvents in many paints during the past 15 years. Local or general symptoms of poison. ing usually appear within a few hours, days, or weeks following contact with an irritant wood. However, cases have been reported in which workers after years of A few years ago lacquers displaced paints in many finishing operations. The ordinary lacquer contains several basic ingredients such as nitrocellulose, solvents and diluents, gums or resins, softeners or immunity to a toxic wood have become susceptible to irritation by the material. In the case of some woods, tolerance may . be established, but as a rule, sensitivity once established is persistent. In general, the eruptions present the usual picture of dermatitis venenata although a number of variations occur. Perspiration and seborrhea apparently increase the noxious action of practically all woods. The af fection is considered by most observers to be allergic. Patch tests with moist sawdust are usually sufficient to establish the diag nosis in cases of suspected wood der matitis. Paints, Lacquers, Varnishes The paints, . lacquers, varnishes and stains employed in the brushing of furni ture and other wooden articles constitute a second major health hazard. Chromates and bichromates which are used for staining and in polishing wooden articles favor the clevclorrr.cnt of ulcers on the hands and feet, c; conjunctivitis, plasticisers, and pigments. The volatile ingredients constitute about 73 percent by weight of an average lacquer. The evaporation of the volatile fraction constitutes the major occupational disease hazard in the use of lacquer, although the vehicle, pigment and resinous compounds cannot he entirely eliminated from con sideration as possible offenders inasmuch as the toxic properties of many of them are unknown. Among the pigments which may be toxic are those yellows, greens and oranges which contain lead chromate, the aniline derivatives and possibly those con taining cadmium, antimony and barium. Over 100 solvents are used in the lac quer industry alone. (15). Some of the more important solvents are the esters, such as the acetic acid esters of methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl and amyl alcohol, and the ethers which include the alkyl ethers of ethylene glycol. The effect of alcohol, ether and massive doses (in excess of 1.000 ownOof the ester solvents is niainly_ "arcotf&^ftHlon. SomC''of"them arcirritatra^^riflie skin.-and mucous mem- 0 0 C .L ;T crforat:oit of sported, it is s containing -Ptic neuritis_ ms condition *nion among * being dissolved jn -matured with and dip tank and lacquers nd brush in -ations. The as resulted in ns with re pose relatrelating - to css pigments :dercd. many Turpentine ced by other Ing the past -rs displaced rations. The several basic -lose, solvents softeners or _The volatile 7o percent by mile fraction tonal disease although the s compounds d from conms inasmuch any of them ~ents which s. greens and hromate, the 'y those conand barium. i in the lacdome of the - the esters, s of methyl, alcohol, and alkyl ethers t of alcohol, u excess oi its is mainly tern are also acous mem- Wood Products Section 697 V^ranes. There is need of investigation to determine the effects of prolonged expo sure and the maximum safe concentra; lion for many of these compounds. 7 The important diluents (thinners) are the .hydrocarbons which include benzol, toluol, y xylol, naphtha, and the alcohols (methyl, 1 ethyl, propyl, butyl and amyl alcohols and cyclohexanol). Air concentrations of i-'greater than 50-75 p.p.m. of benzol and 1 100 p.p.m. of toluol or xylol may produce serious damage to the blood-forming ort gans of the body. The International Labour Office regards a concentration of x 100 p.p.m. of methyl alcohol as the threshhold of toxicity. However, concen trations of 200 p.p.m. in a New York fac tory were observed to give rise to com paratively slight intoxication in the per sonnel. Butyl, alcohol in concentrations of 100 p.p.m. is reported to cause dam age to the blood, liver and kidneys of ex perimental animals. The other alcohols - are probably not very toxic in ordinary usage. The most important route of absorption of volatile substances is through the lungs and consequently it is essential to keep the concentration of vapors in the atmos phere to be breathed at a minimum. Al though some of the vapors have but little toxic action, any volatile material may produce narcosis or asphyxia if present in sufficiently high concentrations. The practice of some lacquer workers of in discriminately using solvents to cleanse their hands should be discouraged since absorption through the skin may produce serious systemic damage and, since the cracking of the skin which results from the removal of the fats and oils from the skin of the hands and forearms provides openings through which infection may-be established. The volatile materials present in lacquer constitute the principal fire hazard as well as the major health hazard although nitrocellulose adds another inflammable element. Wood Preservatives Persons engaged in the impregnation of wood --fw--^jge purpose ?i rendering it weather-proof, water-proof, fire-repellent, and resistant to fungi may suffer from vesicular and other skin eruptions due to the chemicals employed. Eczema of the skin and catarrhal conditions of the mu cous membranes oi the head arc fairly common. Creosote which is used for the preserva tion of wood to be used for outdoor con struction purposes is a primary skin irritant and may also result in the develop ment of occupational coal tar photosen sitivity. Although the creosoting process has largely replaced the use of chromated zinc chloride in the preservation of wood to be used outdoors, the latter is still used for wood intended for indoor construction. McCord and Kilker examined 17 workers employed in a wood preserving industry and found that of the four types of skin lesions presented, three were wei: known as incident to work in tar. Zinc chloride burns were the fourth type of lesion and were present in all patients, occurring on the fingers, hands, forearms, and occasion ally on the legs and thighs. In determining the causes of the lesions it was found that the strength of the zinc chloride solution in the treatment fluids was too dilute to produce skin lesions. However, during the period when the ties were left in the open air, following their removal from the treatment cylinder, evaporation of the water from the zinc chloride solution occurred so that the ties when handled in loading were sometimes covered with treating fluid in which the zinc chloride approximated saturation. Additional factors to be considered with respect to zinc chloride burns arc: (1) antecedent injury to the skin appears to he necessary; (2) after the initial lesion, re peated exposure to the zinc chloride solu tion and irritation from the tar fraction or the treating solution are factors in the severity and progress of the lesion. Experimental studies have shown that approximately one percent mixtures of phenyldichlorarsine in medium or heavy petroleum distillates are efficient wood preservatives. Although these mixtures have not yet received commercial use it should lie kept in mind that tests have shown that marked initial vesiculation may occur in certain persons exposed to the action of pnenidjjjj^j^rarsine.___ Pentachlorp'nenolpj-fiifti'tetrachlorphenol arc also used as vHBKfejp^ervativcs. In addition to being pSfyy$>y skin idritants oot o ft..:- '*+r m 698 28th National Safety Congress they may also be absorbed through the clothing, gloves, goggles and aprons, as skin in sufficient amounts to cause sys well as protective salves, ointments or temic poisoning. other compounds to delay or diminish the Other chemicals which are used for im pregnating wood include dinitrophenol, aniline, potassium bichromate, fluorine irritant action. General rules for hygjen( and good housekeeping should also be ob served. compounds and mercuric compounds. Ac Safety education and the proper main- cording to the literature, each of these tenance of equipment and safety devices ' chemicals possesses toxic properties when are the important factors. , absorbed in sufficient quantity into the body. Ultimately, only careful medical examination in conjunction with the study oi types and amounts of exposure will es tablish their importance as health hazards. Medical Control.- Medical control, through "" preemployment and periodic physical exam ination, is one of the most important factors ' in the prevention of industrial injuries and illness. Engineering Control. The basic prin ciple in dealing with a dust, gas or fume hazard is control at the point of origin, thus preventing dissemination into the at mosphere. Sometimes a process can be enclosed or isolated completely in a sealed room or compartment, but frequently theexhaust ventilation method is preferable. Water may be used to prevent the dis persal of dust and under certain condi tions it may be advisable to combine the use of water with exhaust ventilation. Proper design, installation and mainte nance of any mechanical device is essential if protection is to be adequate. Individual types of respiratory protec tive devices such as masks or respirators should be used only where exposure is in termittent or brief, or where some unusual condition makes a more adequate control method impracticable. The preemployment examination serves " to determine the employee's physical and mental fitness for work. The purpose of such examinations is not to eliminate or exclude an employee, hut rather to direct his placement in work for which he is physically suited. The practice of preem ployment examinations should also be ex tended to include executives and officials. The purpose of periodic examinations is to secure and maintain physical fitness. Defects and disabilities which were not observed at the time of employment may be discovered on reexamination. In such cases, an occupational adjustment should be made to provide continued employment and remove the risk of permanent injury. Reexamination of employees also serves as a check on the efficacy of the engineer ing control methods already instituted, or as a measure of the need for new pro- In the case of materials producing ex tcctive devices. The frequency of exami ternal irritation, auxiliary protective meas nations should be determined by the medi ures may include the use of protective cal director unless specified by law. WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON SESSION October 18, 1939 Use and Abuse of Circular Saws and Their Relation to Safety By ALBERT L. UHL Sales Engineer, Henry Disston & Sons, Inc., Tacony, Philadelphia. Pa. Circular wood-cutting saws are divided into four classes, namely: cross-cut, rip, combination, and grooving. Each of these saws lias its own use in the wood-working industry. Circular cro-s-cut saus are manufactured in several patterns of teeth and on many ~PTiftffrU0I" teeth. Each one lias certain pc&Itjvj'rhSbrk tatlo. but inn all classes the tCBw'.jS'bbtild be bcvS"filcd tt o best save the Ir wood r. filed strail backs, ih in the >vv: on the 'sa This hvw of the In r..vvcutting '.c and the r. through-- raker vr t is left '>that this best rr-r should be sections < hardwer/i slower si raker sections c soft no A inch In ahd: tion tc-otl. bination u various ; tice is i< pitched a: of a rip saw. Tint ripping, c must l.-e factoriiy we rccor be less : cross cut for rippir Circula made fia: must be rule, will face. Ti clearance is mostly cutting, the teeth spring ! H is 1 crca?e v capable positive machines 000E4U Safety Exposition Exhibition Hall--A. C. Auditorium Alphabetical List of Exhibitors of Industrial Safety Equipment Acme Protection Equipment Co., Inc., Pittsburgh, Pa. Gas Masks. American Book Co., New York, N. Y. School Book Publishers. American Chain & Cable Co., Inc., Bridgeport, Conn. Manufacturers of Wire Rope, Chains and Chain Products. American-LaFrance-Foamite Corp., Elmira, N. Y. Fire Protection Equipment. American Optical Co., Southbridge, Mass. Head and Eye Protection Products. Safety Clothing. Bausch & Lomb Optical Co., Rochester, N. Y. Safety Goggles and Safety Lenses. Bear Manufacturing Co., Rock Island. 111. Vehicle Inspection and Correction Equipment. Bendix Products Division of Bendix Aviation Corp., South Bend, Ind. Automotive Equipment, Steering Stabilizer, Brake Testing Equipment. Brown Shoe Co., St. Louis, Mo. Men and Women's Safety Shoes. Stewart R. Browne Manufacturing Co., New York, N. Y. . Safety and Special Purpose Lights attd Lamps. R. H. Buhrke Co., Chicago, 111. Safety Equipment for Construction and Maintenance. Burroughs Wellcome & Co., (U.S.A.) Inc., New York, N. Y. First Aid Kit- and Medical Equipment. Carbisulphoil Co., Dallas, Texas. Foille for Burns and Industrial Wounds. H. Childs & Co., Inc., Pittsburgh, Pa. Industrial Safety Shoes. The Cleveland Overall Co., Cleveland. Ohio. Safe Industrial Work-Clothing and Lnifoniis. Coffing Hoist Co., Danville, III. Cofling Hand and Electric Hoists. Columbus McKinnon Chain Corp., Tonawanda, N. Y. Alloy Steel Sling Chains and Safety Hoists. H. S. Cover, South Bend, Ind. Respirators and Rubber Safety Goggles. Craddock-Terry Shoe Corp., Lynchburg, Va. Industrial Safety Shoes. Davis Emergency Equipment Co., In First Aid and Lida.trial Safety Equ. C. H. Dockson Co., Detroit, Mich. Head and Eye Protection Equipment Dugas Engineering Corp., Chicago, I Fire Extinguishing Equipment. 715 71 w ' [ ; ; ! j. s f [ ; f ! .. j if it jv f F ;l | I i; .\Slh A Sul civ t vut/rcs.i E. I. du Pont de Nemours 5: Co.. Inc., Wilmington, Delaware. Manufacturers of Xooprcnc Synthetic Rubber and Pro-Tck Hand Cream. Eagie-GIobe-Royal Indemnity Companies, New York, N. Y. Safety Engineering. Automotive. Boiler and Machinery Service, Casualty Insurance Eagle Signal Corp., Moline, 111. Traffic Signals and Controllers. Elliott Service Co., New York, N. Y. Promotion of Efficiency and Safety. Charles K. Ernst, Inc., Buffalo, N. Y. Safety Barrel and Drum Handling Equipment. Fairway Laboratories, Inc., St. Louis. Mo. Salt Tablets and Dispensers. Finnell System, Inc., Elkhart, Ind. ----- ~' Electric Floor Maintenance Equipment and Compounds. Franklin Research Co., Philadelphia. Pa. Floor Maintenance Materials. ..... -- Harley-Davidson Motor Co., Milwaukee, Wis. Police Motorcycles. Scrvi-Cars ami Accessories. Hoof Products Co., Chicago, 111. Motor Vehicle Speed Control Governors and Brake Eyes. Hynson, Westcott & Dunning, Inc., Baltimore, Md. Mercurochromc First Aid Antiseptic, Tliantis Lozenges. Indian Motocycle Co., Springfield, Mass. Police Motorcycles and Equipment. Industrial Gloves Corp., Danville, 111. Industrial Safety Clothing. Industrial Products Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Industrial Safety Equipment. Insto-Gas Corp., Detroit, Mich. Gas Operated Torches and Furnace?. International Chain & Manufacturing Co., York, Pa. Lug-Reinforced Tire Chains. International Shoe Co., St. Louis, Mo. Ky-Test Safety Shoes. Juvenile Wood Products, Inc., Fort Wayne, Ind. Automobile Safety Scats for Children. Kar-Tell Spot-0 Parking Meter Co., Portland. Oregon. Automatic. Car-Mounted Parking Meters. Kent Co., Inc., Rome, N. Y. Electric Floor Scrubbing and Cleaning Equipment. Keystone View Co., Meadville, Pa. Visual Safety Tests. Walter Kidde < Co., Inc., New York, N. Y. Fire Protection Equipment. The Kimball Safety Products Co., Cleveland, Ohio. Safety Clothing and Indu-lrkd Govitb:?. Lehigh Safety Shoe Co., Allentown, Pa. Leather and Rubber Safety Shoes. Lighifoot Schultz Co.. New York, N. Y. Toilet Soaps tor Industrial Washroom Use. The Lima Cord Non-Slip SC Lumbermen's M Automobile, Lyon Metal Prc Sho'.? er\va>, The Martindale Stretcher Co. Masury-Young < Materials for Thom McAn Ss Thorn McAn j Medical Special j The Harger Metropolitan Li Lite, Health. Milburn Co., Di Protective C Mine Safety Ap Safety Apph The Morse Map Watchman's The National C S. Educ Nation-- Produ Wire Rope i National Safet;, Posters, But j Oakite Produc1 Industrial C ! Occupational I ; Trace Mag: - G. H. Packwoc i Safety Ham j Panther-Panco ; Safety Sole ` The Patent Set ' Safety L:ul< ; Prisrr.o Safety Luminous N l Protectoseal C i SafetyDei Pulmcsan Safe Industrial S Pyrene Manuf Fire Protcc Pose r.Ianufac Industrial ^ Ruemelirr Mar Welding Ft y Miahy In-urtiitcc. Safely Exposition The Lima Cord Sole and Heel Co., Lima, Ohio. Non-Slip Soles and Heel:. Lumbermen's Mutual Casualty Co., Chicago, III. Automobile, Compensation and General Casualty Insurance. Lyon Metal Products, Inc. Showerwav, Lockers, Shelving, Folding Chairs. The Martindale Electric Co., Cleveland, Ohio. Stretcher Cots, Safety Road Signs, Respirators tor Non-Toxic Dusts. Masury-Young Co., Boston, Mass. Materials ior Finishing and Maintaining Safe Floors. Thom McAn Safety Shoe Co., New York, N. Y. Thorn McAn Safety Shoes. Medical Specialties Co., Indianapolis, Ind. The Harger Drunkometer. Metropolitan Life Insurance Co., New York, N. Y. Life, Health, Accident, Pension and Group Insurance. Milburn Co., Detroit, Mich. Protective Cream for Prevention of Occupational Skin Diseases. Mine Safety Appliances Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. Safety Appliances and First Aid Materials. The Morse Magneto Clock Co., New York, N. Y. Watchman's Clocks. The National Conservation Bureau, New York, N. Y. Safety Education, Traffic Enforcement and Industrial Materia'.. National Production Co., Detroit, Mich. Wire Rope Sling Clamps. National Safety Council, Inc., Chicago, 111. Posters, Bureau of Information, Research and Education Divih Oakite Products, Inc., New York, N. Y. Industrial Cleaning Material; and Method-. Occupational Hazards. Cleveland. Ohio. Trade Magazine Dealing with Occupational Hazard- G. H. Packwood Manufacturing Co.. St. Louis, Mo. Safety Hand Soaps for Industrial Plant U.-c. Panther-Panco Rubber Co., Inc..,Chelsea. Mass. Safety Soles and Heels. The Patent Scaffolding Co.. Inc., Philadelphia, Pa. Safety Ladders and Scaffolds. Prismo Safety Corp., Huntingdon. Pa. Luminous Markings for Highway Safety. Protectoseal Co., Chicago, 111. Safety Device; tor Hazardous Liquid-. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp., Brooklyn, N. Y. Indu-trial St.-Vly Product-. Fyrenc Manufacturing Co., Newark. N. J. Fire Proieru n F.tiuipment. Pose Manufacturing Co., Denver. Colorado. industrial srv Product- P'uemelin Manufacturing Co . Milwaukee. Wis. Weiding Fu.f : Collector-, if sfs&2 0n u x/X-r-`> * viff: a'-vlodv 718 2Sth National Safety Congress Safeguard Electric Co., Inc., Brooklyn, N. Y. Shockproof Portable Lamp Guards. The Safety Clothing Co., Cleveland, Ohio. Industrial Safety Equipment. Safety Engineering, Alfred M. Best Co., Inc., New York, N. Y. "Safety Engineering," Insurance Publications and Reports. The Safety Equipment Service Co., Cleveland, Ohio. Goggles and All Types of Accident Prevention Equipment. Safety First Shoe Co., Holliston, Mass. Safety Shoes. Safety First Supply Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. Industrial and Municipal Safety Products. Safway Steel Scaffolds Co., Milwaukee, Wis. Safway Steel Scaffold Equipment. W. H. Salisbury & Co., Inc., Chicago, 111. Linemen's Rubber Protective Devices. The Sanitary Institute of America, Chicago, III. Sterilized Industrial Wilting Cloths. A. Schrader's Son, Brooklyn, N. Y. Power Press Pneumatic Safety Control Devices. A. Smith & Son, Inc., Philadelphia, Pa. Reeves Stretchers and Canvas Specialties. The Spencer Turbine Co., Hartford, Conn. Industrial Vacuum Cleaners and Dust Collection Equipment. Standard Safety Equipment Co., Chicago, 111. Industrial Safety Equipment. Stonebouse Signs, Inc., Denver, Colorado. Accident Prevention Signs and Tags. The Strauss Co., Pittsburgh. Pa. Safety Helmets and Safety Pelts. Sugar Beet Products Co., Saginaw, W. S. Mich. Industrial Soaps. The Surty Manufacturing Co., Inc., Chicago, 111. Point of Operation Guards. Traffiscope, Inc., Minneapolis, Minn. Device for Viewing Oncoming Traffic at Hill Crest. Trimont Manufacturing Co., Ir.c., Roxbury (Boston), Mass. Safety Steel Pipe Tools. U. S. Hoffman Machinery Corp.,New York, N. Y. Portable or Permanent Piped Vacuum Cleaning Systems. Wahlert Products Corp., Brooklyn, N. Y. Industrial Safety and Fire Protection Equipment. Weaver Manufacturing Co., Springfield, 111. Automotive Testing Equipment. West Disinfecting Co., Long Island City, N. Y. Products for the Promotion of Industrial Sanitation. Willson Products, Inc., Reading, Pa. Personal Protective Devices. ,