Document GmdaR87R3XzNwEbnmYdX88Zkn

Castleman File: American Petroleum Institute w/c = with cover letter or memo If DATE = 0, undated CD-ROM Document #:API DATE published article from trade journal published advertisements newspaper article published government report government inspection results unpublished or internal report unpublished presentation from conference letter memorandum industry warning labels industry sales literature industry recommended practices meeting minutes (with attachments) membership list BC notes For Information Only - Not for Publication AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE 1IEDICAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE FIFTH MEETING Minutes of Meeting April 28, 1947 Statler Hotel Buffalo, New York ug^BERS PRESENT V. C. Baird F* F. Boys W. Iff. Brooks Kieffer Davis D. M. English ASSOCIATES PRESENT E. W. Adams L. C* Beard, Jr R. S. Bonsib M. N. Nerwjuist - Chairman J. P. Holt - Secretary T. M. Frank A. E. Hoag R. A. Jewett T. J. Kelly W. R. Levis ** E. K. Linder R. C Page B. B. Reeve Mclver Woody * R. C. Cole N. J. Gothard H. P. Lankelma H. R. Warrick F. M. Tbtkins K. D. Wilde H. H. Zindena GUESTS Marshall Clinton, Jr. N* V. Hendricks ADVISOR D. V. Stroop - API LEMBERS ABSENT 77. 0. Armstrong F. F. Heyroth R. A* Kehoe ' Total in Attendance - 32 W. A. Morrison G. L. Sumner H. S. Thomson ASSOCIATES ABSENT C. R. Brown T. G. Delbridge R. S. Driver E. W. Ison A* J. Koewing, Jr. D. W. Lamer C. R. McKay R. B. Reaper G. H. Taber, JSr. Action I MINUTES OF PREVICHS wrcmr. The minutes of the previous meeting, November 14, 1944, were approved as circulariied. ' API 06869 2- - n OF SUBCOMMITTEE CS CASKINOCEiCICITY - DR. McIVSR WOODY. CHAIPJJAN The report of the .v.eeting of the Subcommittee on Carcinogenicity held tjarch 14, 1947 was discussed. Photostat copies of three articles concerning !!/carcinogenic properties of petroleum products that have appeared in "The American Y/ecleLy," "Life, and "Medicine" were presented and discussed. The report of the Subcommittee on Carcinogenicity was presented and is given *>U-H Appendix A* Dr. F. F. Heyroth of the Kettering laboratory of Applied Physiology, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, presented a progress report or. the oxnerincntal carcinogenic studies that they are carrying out on several petroleum samples for the API, a letter from Dr. Heyroth to Dr. Woody, dated April 25, 1947/ describing the results of the studies that are being carried out at the University 0f Cincinnati is given in Appendix B. ' Action " In receiving the Subcommittee's report, the Mcdi'~(\I Advisory Committee voted to adopt recommendations as follows: ** A. The animal experiments now under way at the Kettering Laboratory of Applied Physiology should be continued at least until the end of the current year. B. Extend the scope of investigation to a large number of sauries so that they can be treated on a statistical basis rather than on a comparative basis using a small number of samples as in the present work. It would seem that the best attack would be to get out a form letter to a number of oil companies inquiring whether or not they would be willing to participate in such a program and, if so, request them to sot aside barrel samples of catalytic recycle stock, catalytic reside, thermal recycle, hydroformer bottoms, thermal reside and other samples,,and advise by what typo of operation and under what conditions they have been producod. Then, after an analysis of responses to that questionnaire as many of those samples will be studied as is practical. C. The Chairman of the Subcommittee on Carcinogenicity is authorized to rcloasc samples up to one gallon of each, and to a total of 25 gallons, for physical and chemical studies with the objective of correlating these data with the tests on mice. The results of those physical and chemical studies shall be submitted to the Subcommittee on Carcinogenicity. D. Establish a registry of malignancies to report to the Subcommittee on Carcinogenicity. This registry would collect data on all malignancies incident in employees of the " rolcum industry. It would set up its own procedures, forms, cxtc..t of data, follow-ups, pathology, treatment, outcoho, autopsy reports, etc. after consultations with existing registries. E. Means must be found to refute the false and misleading statements that arc continually appearing in newspapers and magazines as to the prevalence of cancer among those who work in refineries and API 06870 -3- fillin- stations. The Subcommittee on Carcinogenicity is authorized to do the following: 1. Initiate a literature survey on the possible carcinogenic effects of petroleum products to man. 2. Initiate a study of the physical and chemical characteristics of petroleum products in an attempt to obtain a simple procedure to determine whether a particular petroleum sample is or is not carcinogenic. 3. To have experimental studies carried out on sludge, lubricating oils, gasoline and other oils. in REPORT OF SUBCOimTTZE ON CUTTING FLUIDS - DR. B. B. REEVE. CHAIRMAN The report of the Subcommittee on Cutting Fluids was presented to the Corfflittce and is given in Appendix C. In receiving the Subcommittee's report the Medical Advisory Committee voted to adopt the folloyri^ng recommendations in the report as follows: * action " A. It is recommended that a complete survey of the literature and the compilation of a bibliography pertaining to dermatitis and other harmful effects of cutting`fluids be made. The survey should include* 1. A review of the conditions under which cutting oil dermatitis most frequently occurs. 2. The part that bacteria do or do not play. 3. Physiological mechanism of oil dermatitis. 4. The review should include the known components of cutting oilj i.e., mineral oils, fatty oils, additives, etc. 5. Tabulation of the state laws or regulations relative to the use of oils or to their composition. 6. As a result of this survey the investigator will recommend a program for further study of this problem including suggestions for remedial measures. It is understood that the participating members of the API Medical Advisory Conraittcc will assist and facilitate the reviewer in supplying him with whatever information is already available in the various companies. B. The Subcommittee recommends that a system of exchange of infor mation be established and correlated betv/een the Independent Research Connittce on Cutting Fluids and that of the API Modical Advisory Committee. C. It is reconsncndcd that consideration for rcsoarch.be withheld until the survey has been made. API 06871 -V D. It is rcco.~ncr.cIcd that after the survey has been completed, consideration be given to the formulation of an educational program. The nature of this program will depend upon the information obtained from the survey. E. It is recommended that a grant be given to the Harvard School of Public Health to make this survey under the guidance of Dr. Marshall Clinton, Jr. F. It is recommended that a grant of $2,500 fron the $5,000 appropriated to the Subcconittcc be nadc to carry on this work. IV COMMUNICATION CF JANUARY 20. 1947 FROM MR. G. L. SUMNER. CHAIRMAN OF SUBCOMMITTEE ON INDUSTRIAL DERMATITT5 CP THE INDEPENDENT RESEARCH COMMITTEE ON CUTTI;'- ^JIDS r Mr. Sumner described the activities of the Independent Research Committee on Cutting Fluids and presented a report of a literature survey cn this problem. Some of his report is given in Appendix*Dk ' iN It was the consensus of the Medical Advisory Committee that it would cooperate on this problem with the Independent Research Committee, and the Medical Advisory Committee was very appreciative of Mr. Sumner*s report and cooperation. v REPORT OF SUBCOMMITTEE ON FLUORIDES - DR. A. E. HOAG. CHAIRMAN The report of the Subcommittee on Fluorides was presented and is given in Appendix E. _. ' Dr. Robert A. Kehoo and Dr. Francis F. Heyroth of the Kettering Laboratory of Applied Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, described the resoarch program that they arc carrying out on the toxicity of fluorides for an industrial group of five companies (Aluminum Company of America, du Pont, Pennsylvania Salt Conpany, Reynold Metal Company, and Universal Oil Products). They stated that this was a fomvyoar project to study the physiological effects of fluoride ions. The question of the desirability of the Medical Advisory Conmittco of the American Petroleum Institute contributing financial sup^-rt to this group of five companies to carry out these toxicity studies on fluori. os at the University of Cincinnati was discussed* In receiving the report of the Subcommittee the Medical Advisory Committee voted to adopt the following motion: Action It is rccancicnded that the American Petroleum Institute should contribute $2,500 to the work being sponsored by an industrial group on fluorides at the Kettering Laboratory of Applied Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, under the direction of Dr. Kehoc. The Chairman of the Subcommittee is authorized to make the necessary arrangements subject to letter ballot of approval by the API Medical Advisory Conmittoc. API 06872 f i -5- VI 1 nF siracrrrrrTS CN ?Z?:i3SI5LE CONCENTRATIONS - DR. V. C. 3AIAD, CHAIRMAN At the request of Dr. V. C. Baird, Dr. Marshall Clinton, Jr. presented . c progress report on the work that they have been carrying out at the Harvard University School of Public Health under the direction of the Subcommittee on permissible Concentrations, and the introductory material that will be distributed -riti'* the toxicological reviews that have been prepared. This report and the production arc given in Appendix F. The toxicological reviews were discussed as follows: Aluminum chloride Armenia Benzene Boron trifluoride Carbon tetrachloride Chlorex Cumene Cresol Furfural Hydrogen chloride Hydrogen sulfide Iron carbonyl Nitrobenzene Phenol Sulfuric acid Styrene \\ Toluene Xylene Action The following notions were voted by the Connittee: A. An Editorial Connittee will be appointed by the Chairman of the Medical Advisory Connittee to review and approve the introduction presented by Dr. Clinton (sco Appendix F) and to advise the Institute staff on natters of ferret and other details of publication. The following persons wore appointed to serve on this connittee: Dr. J. P. Holt, Chairman Dr. V. C. Baird, Vice Chairman Dr. Marshall Clinton, Jr. Dr. M. N. Newquist (Ex-officio) Mr. D. V. Stroop (Ex-officio) B. The toxicological reviews on the following compounds were approved by the Connittee and referred to the Editorial Connittee for editing and publication, subjoct to approval by the Cooaittoc on Safety of the Board of Directors: A* Aluminum chloride Annonia Benzene Boron trifluoride Carbon tetrachloride ' Chlorex API 06873 -6- Cuncne Crcsol Furfural Hydrogen chloride Hydrogen sulfide Iron carbonyl Nitrobenzene Phenol Sulfuric acid Styrene Toluene Xylene C. It was voted to state on each review that recommendations contained therein are tentative, not final, and are only being published for study and comment by all readers. D. It was voted that Section 1 in Dr. Clinton's report, which reads as follows: "1. An evaluation of the acute and chronic toxicity of boron trifluoridc and fluoride-hydrocarbpn complexes. It is realized that this problem is being considered by the Subcommittee on Fluorides, but it is mentioned at this tine for the sake of completeness." would not be handled by the Committee on Permissible Concentrations but would be referred to the Fluorines Committee. E. It was voted to do nothing at the present time concerning the following recommendation given in Dr. Clinton's report, which reads as follows: "2. A survey of the extent and hamfulncss of air contamination by gaseous wastes from petroleum * refineries, especially H2S, SO2 and HF. ' That tho problcn of SO2 pollution can become a most expensive and serious one has beer, amply demonstrated by the unpleasant experiences of many of the larger smelting companies, who have paid vast suns for crop spoilage. More recently, the west coast aluminum refineries have had similar experiences with damage to cattle by fluorides absorbed from the air by vegetation." F. Dr. Marshall Clinton, Jr. of Harvard University School of public Health is authorized to carry out toxicological screening studies on compounds selected by the Subcommittee on Permissible Concentrations from those indicated in his report with the funds now available* These compounds will be those that arc of general interest to the petroleum industry as indicated in oarlior surveys made by the Subcommittee. The compounds from which some will be selected to be studied by moans of toxicological screening tests arc as fellows: Iron carbonyl " Thiophene 1 Alkyl ncrcaptans Alkyl disulfides API 06874 7 - Arcmat ic ncrcaptans, including thiophcnol Maleic anhydride Morpholine Di-tertiary butyl para crcsol n-butyl p-anino phenol ' Toxicological Literature Surveys It was the consensus of the Medical Advisory Committee that any petroleum company having a desire to have a literature survey prepared on a particular compound should inform Dr. Clinton of their desire, /ifter he has received severe], requests to prepare a review on a particular compound, he will circularize the industry and if there is general interest in a particular compound he will prepare a review on the subject. . VII pr.?nRT OF SUBCOMMITTEE ON MEDICAL POLICIES AND PRACTICES-DR. R.A. JEWETT, CHAIRMAN The report of the Subcommittee on Medical Policies and Practices was presented as givon in full in Appendix G. ** Mr. Stroop presented a summary on the mortality statistics for 1946 as reported by oil companies covering approximately 127,000 employees and annuitants. Action " The Medical Advisory Committee votod to adopt motions as follows concerning this report* A. The API Medical Advisory Comittee endorses the principle of periodic exurninatiens of employees. B. A majority of the members of the Medical Advisory Committee found that cil-conpany sponsorship of medical insurance for purchase by employees has definite value and should be encouraged. C. The Medical Advisory Committee endorses the policy of following up employees absent due to sickness by trained workers vdicrc possible. D. The Medical Advisory Committee recommends the carrying on of a continual health educational program for employees. E. The Medical Advisory Comittoe endorses the principle of periodic inspection from a health standpoint of offices and plants by a doctor or a representative of the medical department. F. The Medical Advisory Committee endorses the policy that companies should keep statistics of mortality and morbidity. G. It was recommended that mortality statistics be kept by petroleum companies and that the Standard Classified Nomenclature of Disease be used in compiling this information. API 06875 -8- vm COMMUNICATION OF /PHIL 1. 1947 FROM PH. THOMAS T MACKIE, PRESIDENT OF THE AMERICAN FOUNDATION FOP. TROPICAL MEDICINE The communication frem Dr. Mackie as circularized on April 10, 1947 ^scusscd by the Committee (see Appendix H) It v/ns the consensus that the ^jeetives of The American Foundation for Tropical Modicine were very worthwhile. IX METHOD FOR INFORMING MEMBERS OF THE API OF WORK OF 1HE MEDICAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE It was voted that the Chairman of the Medical Advisory Cemittce should present a report on the activities of the Medical Advisory Comittce to the Committee on Safety of the Board of Directors of the ,jierican Petroleum Institute at such time as is indicated. It was the consensus of the Committee that not all of the detailed activities of the Medical Advisory Committee auld.^>e reported to the Committee on Safety but that certain activities, depending on their nature and general interest, would be reported to the Beard Committee. Release of Information to the API It was the consensus that any Medical Advisory Committee developments that arc of particular interest should be sent to Mr. Stroop to bo distributed to the members of the API. X NEW BUSINESS Kerosine - The question cf the toxicity of kcrosinc when ingested, which v/as discussed in the meeting of the Committee on November 14, 1946, was considered. It was stated that this question had been referred to the National Safety Council. XI Next Meeting - It was the consensus that the next meeting of the API Medical advisory Committee should be held on Thursday, 1 vember 13, 1947 in Chicago, Illinois, and subcommittee meetings should be hexd on Wednesday, November 12, 1947. Approved: M N. Newquist, M.D. Chairman J. P. Holt, M.D. Secretary 6-10-47 API 06876 Fcr Infoira-cion Only - Net for Publication APPENDIX A PROGRESS REPORT TO THE API IZDICAL ADVISOR! COMMITTEE 3Y THE SU3C0mTTEE ON CARCINOGIKICITY Dr. liclver Woody - Chairman April 28, 1947 report: 1. The Subcommittee on Carcinogenicity submits the following progress The experimental work on animals, which was begun last year at the Kettering Laboratory, is being continued. It is still too early to draw any definite conclusions but one (Sample Y^3632) out of the eight samples furnished by us produced lesions that grossly resembled papillomata in 11 mice out of 20 after 33 weeks. At the present time one of these tumors has boen excised and studied by moans of microscopic pathological examination and shows the tumor to be a squamous cell carcinoma which has invaded underlying striated raufcle. Whether any of the remaining samples mil give positive findings by the end of this year remains to be seen. 2. A meeting of the Subcommittee was held in New York City on March 14# 1947 to review what has been accomplished and formulate plans for the future. It was agreed that an excellent start had been mado. Unsubstantiated allegations have appeared in both the technical and lay press that petroleum products arc carcinogenic. Although studies on animals show certain petroleum products to be carcinogenic to certain experimental animals industry statistics do not confirm this in man. Much remains to be done to got the facts. 3. On March 26th, at the request of the Subcommittee, Mr. Stroop sent out the following questionnaire to all members of the Advisory Committoe: "Please report below the number of cases of cutaneous or superficial cancer occurring among your employees in tho United States during 1946, in which the cancer was allcgod to have boon due to the occupation. If ycu have any such cases, kindly give pertinent details such as ago, sex, nature of occupation, exposure, nature and location of lesion, diagnosis, tissue report, course of disease, autopsy report if any, and whether or not a Workmen's Compensation Award was grantod." Up to date Mr. Stroop has received reports from eight companies cover ing 99,435 employees, none of whom dcvclopod cancer during 1946* Recommendations A. The animal experiments now under way at the Kettering Laboratory should be continuod, at least until the end of the current year. B. Extend the scope of investigation to a large number of samples so that they can be treated on a statistical basis rather-than on a comparative basis using a small number of samples as in the present API 06877 ^ppENDlX A (Cont'd) -2- work. It would seem that the best attack would be to get out a form letter to a number of oil companies inquiring whether they would be willing to participate in such a program and* if so, request then to set aside barrel samples of catalytic recycle stock, catalytic rcsids, therac.1 recycle, hydroformcr bottoms, thermal rcsids and other samples, and advise by what type of operation and under what con ditions they have been produced. Then, after an analysis of responses to that questionnaire as many of these samples will be studied as is practical. The Chairman of the Subcommittee on Carcinogenicity is authorized to roloase samples up to one gallon of each, and to a total of 25 gallons, for physical and chemical studies with the objective of correlating these data with the tests on mice. The results of these physical and chemical studies shall be submitted to Dr. Kchoc and to the Subcommittee on Carcinogenicity before publication. Establish a registry of malignancies to report to the Subcommittee on Carcinogenicity. This registry would collect data on all malignancies incident in employees of the petroleum industry. It would set up its own procedures, forms, extent ef data, follcWMXps, -pathology, treatment, outcome, autopsy reports, etc. after consultations with existing registries. E. Means must be found to refute the false and misleading statements that are continually appearing in newspapers and magazines as to the prevalence of cancer among those who work in refineries and filling stations. Hie Subcommittee on Carcinogenicity is authorized to do the following: (1) Initiate a literature survey on the possible carcinogenic effects of petroleum products to nan. (2) Initiate a study of the physical and.chemical characteristics of petroleum products in an attempt to obtain a simple procedure to determine whether a particular petroleum sample is or is not carcinogenic. (3) To have experimental studies carried out on sludge, lubricating oils, gasoline and other oils. Respectfully submitted. Dr. MeIvor VJoody, Chairman Members: Dr. M. N. Newquist Dr. T. M. Frank Dr. A. E. Hoag Dr. j. p. Holt Dr. T. J. Kelly Dr. W. R. Levis Dr. R. c Page Mr. L. C. Board, Jr. Mr. Roy S. Bonsib Mr. H. P. Lankclma Hr. H. R. Yforrick Mr. H. H. Zuidem Mr. D. V. Stroop API 06878 ' - ~ jflflMiliw*1 4 vrr information Only - Not for Publication APPENDIX B UNIVERSITY CF CINCINNATI C 0 P CINCINNATI 19, OHIO y Vgtt '*rinj Laboratory of Applied Physiology ' CciK . o' liedicine - Eden Avenue April 25, 1947 Dr* T- v 'I lBj-".uu-frtf1a,olor, H4rr '..body tel ;v. York pear Doctor V'ocdyt The following represents the present status of the experiment on carcinogenicity. A3 you will sec, the picture has not changed arterially since your visit, although the number of animals in the group painted with Oil W 3632 has increased. nil Number Date Painting Started ff 3632 W 3631 W 3630 N 8295-2 N 8295-3 11896 11885 11980 White Oil White Oil 0.1? licthylCholanthrene? Sept. 12, 1946 Oct. 7, 1946 Sept. 12, 1946 Sept. 12, 1946 Oct, 7, 1946 Oct. 21, 1946 Oct. 21, 1946 Jan. 2, 1947 Feb. 3, 1947 Feb. 3, 1947 Number of Mice at Start 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 Number of Mice Number of Mice With That Have Died Tumors of Papillomas 6 5 4 3 1 6 7. 1. 1~ ' n 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 Water Control Sept. 12, 1946 20 7 0 The criterion for including a mouse in the number of those having tumors or papillomas has been the presence of a nodule of about a millimeter in diameter. In at least three of the oleven 'tumor-bearing" mice in the group subjected to contact with Oil W 3632, more than one nodule is present. The first tumor became apparent during the twentieth week, while most of the others were first noted during the twenty-seventh and twenty-eighth weeks* The tumor which you saw when you were here was removed by biopsy during the twenty-sixth week. The pathologist's report is as follows: An ulcerated papillomatous squamous cell carcinoma which invades and destroys the most superficial lamina of stratifiod nasclc. The tumor is comprised of atypical large kcratinizod cells with API 06879 ppriDH B (Coat'd) i^ -2- large vesicular nuclei; mitotic figures, most atypical are fairly common and binuclcate cells arc numerous; there is cdcnc and infiltration of the underlying connective tissue by large mononuclear cells, lymphocytes and a few polys. One other animal of this group that died bore a tumor which on gross examination had a similar appearance. The sections of this tumor have not yet beer. read. The other tumor-bearing mice arc still alive. I have brought this information together rather hastily in order that ;t may reach you in time. Very truly yours. fFFHrvr cc - Dr. H. A. Kchoc /3/ Francis F. Heyroth Francis F. Heyroth, 1LD. ** M * I API 06880 If ormation Only Mot for Publication APPENDIX C REPORT TO THE API MEDICAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE BY THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON CUTTING FLUIDS ' Dr# B. B. Reeve - Chairman April 2, 194/ , it is recommended that a conpletc survey of the literature and the corpilation n* 0f a bibliography pertaining to dernatitis and other harmful effects of cutting fluids be made. The survey should include: 1. A review of the conditions under which cutting oil dermatitis most frequently occurs. 2, The part that bacteria do or do not play. 3. Physiological mechanism of oil dermatitis. 4, The review should include the known components of cutting oil; i.c., .mineral oils, fatty oils, additives, etc. 5, Tabulation of the state laws or regulations relative to the use of oils or to their composition. 6. As a result of this survey the investigators will. rcc.qpncnd a program for further study of this problem including suggestions for remedial measures. ' It is understood that the participating members of the API Medical Advisory Committee will assist and facilitate the reviewer in supplying him with whatever information is already available in the various companies. B. The Subcommittee recommends that a system of exchange of information be established and correlated between the Independent Research Committee on Cutting Fluids and that cf the API Medical Advisory Committee. C. It is reconncndcd that consideration for research be withheld until the survey has been made. . D. It is recommended that after the survey has been completed, consideration be given to the formulation of an oducational program. The nature of this program will depend upon the information obtained from the survey. E. It is reconncndcd that a grant be given to the Harvard School of Public Health to make this survey under the direction of Dr. Marshall Clinton, Jr, F. It is recommended that a grant of $2,500 from the $5,000 appropriated to the Subcommittee be made to carry on this wcric. N B. Reeve, Chairman h/z. Adams /*/ N. Gothard X /h// fF.. h/ H. Boys Watkins Zuidena A/ C. Page A/ J. Kelly Board, Hoag. r i c 0 p Y Per' Ir-f.rr.ation Only - Net for Publication APPENDIX D THE TEXAS COMPANY 135 EAST 421 STREET mi YORK 17, N. Y. January 30, 1947 Ijr. G. L. Sunner Subcommittee on Industrial Dermtitis Independent Research Conraittce on Cutting Fluids Westinghousc Electric Corporation i East Pittsburgh, Pa. Dear Mr. Sunner: ** I have read with interest your letter of January 20, 1947, concerning the work of your Corrdttoe on Industrial Dermtitis as it relates to Cutting Fluids. Your connunication will be circularized to the membership of the Medical Advisory Comittce of the American Petroleum Institute for their information. A Subcomittcc on Cutting Fluids has just been appointed by the Medical Advisory Connitteo of the API of which Dr. B. B. Reeve, Standard Oil Company (Indiana), is Chairman. The next meeting of our Medical Advisory Comittcc will be held in Buffalo, Hotel Statlcr, April 28, 1947. The subj'cct natter of your comunication will be presented for consideration at that meeting, after which Dr. Reeve will ccrnunicatc with you. In the meantime, I wish to thank you for your interest and offer of cooperation in this connection. Very truly yours, i MNN-IPM ce - Dr. Mr. J. D. P. V. Holt Stroop (Blind) /s/ M. N. Newquist H. N. N< "ruist, M.D. A API 06882  ppCHDff D (C:nt'd) -2- t7ssti::g house ELECTRIC CCRFCE..TICK East Pittsburgh, Pa. January 20, 1947 Ncuquist r',->0 jcxas Company - 05 "ast 42nd St. Hr York 17, N.Y. Dcar Dr. Ncvjquist: I understand iron Hr. C. II. Larson that you arc new the Chairman ;f the American Petroleum Institute Hcdical Advisory Comittcc for 1947; succeeding Dr. He Ivor V/oody. I an Chaiman of a Subccr.rd.ttcc of the Independent Research Comittcc on Cutting Fluids on "Industrial Dermatitis." This Comittcc feels that it would be highly desirable to establish liaison with the API Hcdical Advisory C emittee, and I an therefore attaching a sumary of the work done by this Comittcc so far which is self-explanatory. After you have read this sumary, I would very much appreciate suggestions fron you for procedure. You Toll note that in the literature the opinions arc quite conflicting and that it is probable that sonc of this literature is propaganda for house organs dealing in protcctivco and curatives for industrial dernatitis. Our efforts, as you will note, arc confined to the type of dernatitis that results fron cutting fluids, and we would like to either do-bunk the propaganda or else cone up with something constructive that would clarify the picture for the users as well as the producers ^of cutting fluids. You Td.ll note in the attached letter that we have three medical non on this Subcomittce, and it is quite probable that you lenow then, namely Doctors Boys, Crunch and Pharris, and it is probable that one or acre of then nay be on your API Comittcc of which you have just been appointed Chairman. I would very nuch appreciate hearing free you in the near futuro tdth particular regard to; (1) as to whether it would be possible for the nodical non to supply data on authentic eases of dernatitis resulting fron contact with cutting oils. (2) whether our Ccanitteo can be of help to the Ancrican Petroleum Institute Hcdical Advisory Comittee on this problcn* Very truly yours. D (Dent'd) -3- "JEST ISGHOUSE ELECTRIC COEPGIUTIC:: East Pittsburgh, Pa. January 16, 1947 nr* 5r* p. j. F* G. Boys, Sinclair Refining Co., East Chicago, Ind. Crunch, The Union Carbide -. Carbon Corp., New York, N.Y. iir H. U. Fcaron, Standard Cil Co. cf N.J., 26 Broadway, New York, N.Y. :> G. Hucbler, Chief Chemist, Sugar Beet Co., Saginaw, Michigan J'r. jar.es '.IcElgin, E. 1*'. Houghton & Co., 303 TJ. Lehigh Avc., Philadelphia 33, Pa. Dr. C. Pharris, Asst. Ucdical Director, United Aircraft Corp., E. Hartford, Conn. hr* F. Roscnsticl, The Tc:<as Co., 135 East 42nd St., Hew York, K.Y. CC - Hr. Joseph Geschclin, Chairman, Ind. Resoarch Committee on Cutting Fluids, 1015 Stephenson 31dg., Detroit 2, Uichigan. CC - Dr. C. '1. Larsen, Sinclair Refining Co., 630 Fifth Avc., New York, N.Y. ** Independent Research Committee on Cutting Fluids Subcommittee - Industrial Dermatitis Gentlemen: 1. In order to clarify the work of the Subcommittee, a brief review of its history vdll be of interest to all of us. 2. The Subcommittee was formed under the Chairmanship of Itr. Fcaron in 1943. Due to a request by Hr. Fearon to be released of thejo duties on account of the pressure of other work, I accepted the Chairmanship early in 1945. It vcs agreed that the first step should be a tabulation of literature bibliography in order to determine what work had been done on industrial dermatitis, particularly in regard to cutting fluids. 3. On October 8, 1945, I 'undertook to tabulate all the literature which I could find in addition to what Hr. Fearon had accumulated, and submitted it in the form of a report to the general committee at a meeting in Detroit. 4. Dr. Pharris rnrotc me a very constructive letter of criticism on this tabulation, including the data it contained and the sumary of conclusions. In brief. Dr. Pharris disagreed with many of the house organs regarding protective creams, including the propaganda and suggested, placing the leading rede of our investigation in the lap of the medical men of the oil refiners. He felt that bacterial contamination of cutting fluids is greatly ever-rated in that the bacteria are almost always non-pyrogcnic. 5. I reported Dr. Pharris' reaction at the Cleveland meeting on April 9, ^946. His comments were well received and it was suggested that perhaps a liaison could be established between IRC and API. On April 11, 1946, I wrote to Doctors Pharris and Crunch, suggesting that perhaps we should meet for luncheon in the near future to map out a program, but received no reply. API 06884 :ntd) -4` On the same date (April 11, 1946) I also wrote to lir. J. T. Beard ^e ^chanics in establishing liaison with API. I received a reply ?e-^ J.3card on April 23, which suggested passing a copy of ray letter to 'rC"'feller Aeody, Chairman of the A?I medical committee, v.'ith copies to ' 2r* y y. stroop, in order to ret a decision as to whether the /J51 medical ^*'-v!ttcc rashes to initiate study of the general subject cf dermatitis from ruttmG riai'-s* r Ur. C-cschclin wrote to Dr. Aoody and received a reply that there would 1* ,, -meeting in November at which sene action right be taken, lir. Goschelin has !t~hoard from him since that meeting. However, Dr. Larson contacted Dr. Boys f'ir.clair Oil Company), and advised on January 7 at a meeting of the general roaitlee in Detroit, that API liad made a decision on the matter and indicated a liaison might be established between us. One "grape-vine" rumor indicates +*.at a few producers who use chlorine and diphcnylnaphthalcne have not been very cooperative and it is apparently this snag that has had a tendency to block -repress on the project. This brings us to date. It is now desirable to see what can be done to increase the usefulness of the Subcommittee to the API and to ascertain how we can best finaction to expedite this project. " ** It would seem that the logical approach would be to find out just what has been done in API and just what API is rilling to do. I believe Dr. Larson indicated that lir. Gothard and Dr. Boys would be in a good position to take this ^.tter up rath Dr. Woody. One of the points that was raised in Detroit indicated the desirability of attempting to obtain documentary evidence on cases of dcrr.atitis from cutting fluids that crane to the attention of industrial medical nen. Since Dr. 3oys is a member of this Subcommittee, I wonder if he will be -rining to carry the ball on this phase and clarify it for us as regards API. 10, I an also wondering whether the subject may be brok.cn down into types or classes of cutting fluids so that data ray be accumulated to indicate the possibility and/or probability of dermatitis from specific types rather than statements that apply to cutting fluids in general* For eranple, the fluids right be divided as follows: I. II. III. IV. V. VI. ' Straight mineral oils. Uinoral oils containing (a) "Non-corrosive" sulphur. (b) "Corrosive" sulphur. Sulphur bearing mineral oils with fats (such as lard). Straight mineral oils with fats (lard oil, etc.). liineral oils containing fats, sulphur and chlorine. Water nixed emulsions (a) Soluble oils (1) Super type - vdth large fat content with and without chlorine and sulphur. (2) Ordinary soap and mineral oil emulsions. (b) Soap-paste compounds. /mother angle brought up by Ur. F. Rosenstiel (who replaces Dr. Raymond Haskell in this committee) is whether wc can get agreement on a statement that nevf, unused oils contain no harmful bacteria - as a start. I personally have tho Reeling that wc will make faster progress by taking one step at a time. Documentary evidence on individual cases would materially aid in malting decisions, and each of you, who have or can obtain authentic data, are requested to send then in for tabulation analysis and discussion. API 06885 ^j.p_lDlX D (C-r.t'd) 5- Mr. Huebler lived close to this problem at the Navy Centerline Plant 12; xre operated for the IJavy during the war, and I am asking him to submit the ^ords* together with the methods used in controlling dermatitis there. r.e^hentic records of this type from any source vrill be valuable to the Coaaittee. , you will perceive that as Chairman of the Subcommittee, I an trying to i iect now life into this important subject. The news that the API is in a more h^cablc mood to go along with us, gives the Committee renewed hope that wc may, Jir0Ugh our efforts, contribute something worthwhile to industry on dermatitis fro3 cutting fluids, cither from the standpoint of "debunking" propaganda or in Offering a constructive program for its prevention in the machining of metals. 1, I would like to call a meeting of the Subcommittee as soon as it seems dcsirabloj and would like to suggest that this meeting be held in Pittsburgh, but will be glad to entertain suggestions for other places. Perhaps New York would be more centrally located. Please express your opinion. I GLS/ak Very truly yours, /s/ G. L. Sumner G. L. Sumner Chairman, Subcommittee API 06886 i P W M W I I . For Ira':r-a?j.on Only - Net :.~r Publication .;pfe:dix s REPORT TO IME .lPI UEDIC/iL ADVISORY C01HITTEE 3Y UE3 3U3COjLTTTSE ON FLUORIDES Dr. A. E. Kcag - Chairman ' April 23, 1947 Since the last meeting an effort has been r.nbc tc obtain from the Subcommittee expressions of their desires as to the future course Uorc recently a reacting was held -with Dr. Francis C. Frary, Director of - -arch for the Aluminum Cerjpany of America. Dr. Frary is one of the world's `^standing authorities on the subject. Sono of the facts obtainod fron hin r:crc i oased verbally to the Subcomittce. Later it is hoped to confirm to then such 2a as he will approve. In the course of the above discussions it cane tc.ji.ght that there is Industrial Group of five companies (Aluminum Company of Ancrica, du Pont, Pennsylvania Salt Company, Reynolds ilctal Company, and Universal Oil Products) sponsoring v;ork on fluorides at the Kettering Laboratory under the direction of Dr. Kchoe. The annual budget is of the order of $17,000 per yoar. It was indicated by Dr. Frary that this Industrial Group night sympathetically entertain participation of the API iledical Advisory Comittce. At the meeting yesterday considerable time was devoted to a discussion of the desirability of joining this group. It was the concensus that it was only logical and economical to do so rather than to initiate independent and perhaps duplicating research. The suggestion was made that three members of the Subcoxittee, representing different companies, visit Dr. Frary to more completely evaluate this matter. It was felt however such a procedure would be tine consuming and that the monies involved in travel and" salaries would in fact approach the magnitude of a modest contribution. On the premise that the API Subcommittee on Fluorides would have access to the data and some voice in the steering of the research the following notion was submitted: "That it be rocomended to the API that it contribute $2,500 to the work being sponsored by the Industrial Group on fluorides at the Kettering Laboratory under the direction of Dr. Kenoe and that the chairman of the Subcommittee be authorized to make the necessary arrangements subject to approval by the API with respect to its participation in such a group study and subject to letter ballot of approval by the API liedical Advisory Ccomittce." /s/ E. Hoag, Chairman /s/ F. F. 3oys /s/ 77. R. Levis /s/ Kieffer Davis /s/ R. C. Cole /s/ E. 'lade Adams /s/ L. C. --ard, Jr. /s/ E. 3. Reeve /s/ N. J. Gothard /a/ ?. :i. "Jatkins API 06887 APPENDIX F IS7CHT TO THE API L3DICAL ADVISORY CGI^TTSS 3Y THE SUBCCllUTTEE ^ISSIBLD C01ICZNTEATIONS OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES Ei THE PETRCIZUi: INDUSTRY Dr. V. C. 3aird - Chairnan C 0 P Y HU13LE OIL & REFINING CCHPANY P.O. Box 2180 Houston 1, Texas Aaril.|8, 1947 Re: Report of Subcommittee for Permissible Concentrations of To:a.c Substances in the ' Petrolcun Industry. Dr. U. N. Newquist The Texas Company 135 East 42nd St. New York 17* N. Y. Dear Doctor Newquist: . Attached is a copy of the progress report of Dr. Marshall Clinton, Jr. and a proposed introductory section for the reviews# Tie would like to have the desirability of initiating a research program at Harvard under the direction of Dr. Clinton brought up for discussion. B/H Attach. Yours truly. /s/ V. C. Baird V. C. Baird, H.D. API 06888 ^ppSNDEC F (Cer.t'd) -2- HAHiTABD UNr^ZlSITY SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HZALTH ^rtner.t of Industrial Hygiene -lie Oil : defining Company 55 Shattuck Street Boston 15, Massachusetts April 7, 1947 Progross Report r Dr. Baird: During the period from November to the present the compilation and formulation of toxicological reviews has progressed fairly well, and reviews on nearly all of the substances selected for special emphasis last November are cither completed or nearly completed. Hie "kinks11 in the. system of preparing reviews are becoming ironed out, so the work seems to progress more easily, even though less definitive information is available on the tccdcology of many substances nov; being investigated. Hie response of the medical and associate members of the medical advisory comittee on the tentative reviews has been most gratifying, and has resulted in the addition of a great deal of valuable information about the various substances. During the period, tentative drafts on the follovdng substances have been sent to Mr. Stroop for distribution* Carbon monoxide Kerosine Mercury Hydrogen fluoride Phosphoric acid Sulfur dio:d.de Acetone Methyl ethyl ketone n-butyl p-amino phenol 2, 6 di-tertiary butyl para cresol Thiophene Alkyl ..^.rcaptans "Aromatic nercaptans Acrylonitrile Maleic anhydride Morpholine Diethylene glycol Alkyl disulfides Dowtherm A Phosphorous pentasulfide Silica Naphthenic Acids In addition, final reviews on furfural and aluminum chloride were circularized some time ago, and final reviews on sixteen other substances were forwarded to Hr. Stroop on March 3rd for distribution prior to the Buffalo meeting. It is hoped, therefore, that the medical advisory committee will accept as official reviews on the following substances: Aluminum chloride Ammonia Benzene Boron trifluoride Carbon tetrachloride Chlorex Cunene Cresol Furfural Hydrogen chloride Hydrogen sulfide Iron carbonyl Nitrobenzene Phenol Sulfuric acid Styrene Toluene Xylene API 06889 F CCoiA'd) -> Ar. introductory section for the reviews has been prepared, and is ^seated for consideration at this tine (copy attached). pr35 During the nesA si:: months we plan to continue preparing reviews on various substances. As our present "high priority" list is approaching ^susticn, it is hoped that a new list vri.il be submitted by the committee. Vfe f^rot in a position to know which substances are of the greatest interest to sfc industry. V/e also plan to prepare final drafts for acceptance ne:ct November t;-e substances circularized during the past six nenths, including the c'cesary revisions and additions dictated by the suggestions which have been received fron the medical advisory conraittee. On the basis of the work carried on at Harvard so far, it is evident -.mt insufficient knowledge is available on the toxicity of the following jv.bstanccs: Boron trifluoride Iron carbonyl Thiophene Alkyl nercaptans .> Alkyl disulfides Aromatic nercaptans, including thiophcnol iialeic anhydride Uorpholine Di-tertiary butyl para cresol n-butyl p-anino phenol It does not appear that immediate or intensive research is needed on all of these cr that such research is practicable or desirable, but certain problems arising from, these and fron our contact with the general field of to:ri.city of petroleum substances are in need of early solution. The following studies appear to be especially desirable: 1. An evaluation of the acute and chronic tonicity of boron trifluoride and fluoride-hydrocarbon complexes. It is realized that this problem is being considered by the subcommittee on fluorides, but it is mentioned at this time for the sake of completeness. 2* A survey of the extent and hamfulness of air contamination by gaseous wastes from petroleum refineries, especially H2S, SO2 and HF. That the problem of SOg pollution can become a most expensive and serious one has been arply demonstrated by the unpleasant experiences of many of the larger smelting companies, who have paid vast sums for crop spoilage, '[ore r iccr.tiy, the west coast aluminum refineries have had similar experiences with carnage to cattle by fluorides absorbed from the air by vegetation. 3 An investigation of the acute and chronic toxicity of the sulfur-containing hydrocarbons. It would appear especially desirable to obtain valid data on the acute and chronic toxicity for animals of thiophene and its derivatives, and of thiophenol and other aromatic nercaptans. Studies of the sulfur-containing aliphatic substances are less urgently needed, although the available information is far from adequate. _ A. A basic study into the fundamental processes which govern the bkin absorption of fat-soluble substances, and the alterations in skin structure and metabolism which accompany the development of dermatitis due to greases and API 06890 traC^ration accompanying such absorption. Ike tracer technique approach would be re^ccialiy easy to apply in the case of the sulfonatod oils. Certainly the past eS^-oaclics to the problem of dermatitis from cutting oils or other fat-soluble ^stances have not produced spectacular results. It appears that a basic Approach to the problem, using the newer techniques now available, night succeed. Our group at Harvard 'would be very much interested in a consideration f the problem of atmospheric pollution, or in a fundamental study of skin absorption and penetration of fat-soluble substances. We consider that we would be in a good position to undertake the first of these studies because of professor Drinker*s long association with one of the larger sndting companies, fto had a serious pollution problem some years ago `which it controlled only by constant effort. We would be readily able to handle the second study, on skin absorption, as we are already engaged in isotope tracer research and have a graduate student coming hero to study for his doctorate in public health. He desires to attack a fundamental problem in dermatology for Mo thesis research, ** Respectfully submitted, 1C, Jr. F Enclosure /s/ Llarshall Clinton, Jr. ilarshall Clinton, Jr., 1&D API 06891 0ZDV. F (Co:-.t'd) -5- F3CPC3SD ZlTRCXCTICi: rc-t T0:iIC0L0GICAL 35715! 7S The following to;dcological reviews have been prepared under the a,,-pices of the American Petroleum Institute at the Harvard School of Public wealth by Dr. Marshall Clinton, Jr. and associates, under the guidance and direction of Dr. Cecil K. Drinker and Professor Philip Drinker. They are presented for the information and guidance of the producers and consumers of the various substances involved. In general, these reviews arc limited to substances of particular interest to the petroleum industry. Certain basic considerations concerning the general to:dcity of petroleun products deserve consideration at this tine, ieqy of the toxic sul>stances encountered in the petroleum industry are vola-tole .jgr occur as finely divided dusts, and are therefore capable of contaminating the air breathed by workers. Inhalation of this contaminated air may lead to sufficient absorption of the to:dc agent to produce serious systemic poisoning. Many other toxic substances nay be encountered by the skin, either in pure state or in lesser concentrations when added to petroleun products which are generally believed to be innocuous. Many of these to:dc agents are capable of being absorbed through the intact skin in sufficient concentration to produce serious systenic poisoning, without producing any local skin irritation. It is apparent, therefore, that serious poisoning may follow inhalation or skin contact with a vri.de variety of agents, -without the victim being in any 7<ay aware that the agent he is encounter ing is damaging or endangering his health. Such poisoning nay occur after brief contact with the agent, or nay not become manifest until weeks, or even months after such exposure, so that severe and sometimes irreversible damage may have resulted before the victim is aware that all is not well with his health. Poisoning duo to the ingestion of petroleum products or related substances is a less serious hazard, as it is commonly accepted knowledge that petroleum products (except those prepared for medicinal use) may be toxic when ingested. Little thought, however, is given by most individuals to the possibility of poisoning API 06892 ,c=^i::f (cont'd) A* ' -6- w-alamicr. or skin contact with substances, as thev are unav;are that the -..ail -il to exclv.de the toxic agent or th.at considerable doses nay be , _,,rbed from the air they breathe. Poisoning occurring as a result of skin c^tact or inhalation nay develop insidiously over a long period of tine, and si-ice local irritation of the skin or respiratory tract nay be entirely absent, relationship between exposure and effect nay be completely overlooked, prevention of such delayed or insidious poisoning depends on familiarity with the possible toxic effects of the various agents encountered, as well as constant v--ilance to keep such contact at a safe level. Finally, it should be realized that many conplex organic materials are carcinogenic. It is not possible to predict with any accuracy whether a given compound '111 or will not be carcinogenic, although those which contain the phenanthrene nucleus are suspect, and should be evaluated further before general use* Unfortunately, there is no adequate or general classification of the various substances encountered in the petroleum industry which includes a consideration of their toxic qualities. A substance nay or may not be capable of producing dermatitis or maj' or nay not be carcinogenic, but these features of its action cannot be brought out on the basis of any existing classification. A worllng physiological classification of toxic agents which enter the body by inhalation has been developed by Doctors Yandell Henderson and Howard W. Haggard. This classification admittedly fails to include the problems of skin absorption, dermatitis, and carcinogenesis, but nevertheless is considered to be of sufficient general interest to the users of these reviews to justify its inclusion in this introduction. For the sake of convenience and simplicity, the following classification was established: I. Irritants. This class of gases, mists, vapors and dusts injure the air passages or lungs or both, and induce API 06893 (Ccst'd) -7- inflammation of the surfaces of the respiratory tract. These local effects overshadov: any systemic effects occurring . following absorption. Examples of this class are amonia and acid gases or mists, such as sulfur dioxide or sulfuric acid mists. II. Asphyxiants. This group of substances act by virtue of the exclusion of oxygen from the tissues. Two groups of asphyxiants are recognized; the simple asphyxiants such as nethane, hydrogen, or nitrogen which, when breathed in sufficient con centration mechanically exclude oxygen from the lungs, and the chemical asphyxiants such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide - * or hydrogen cyanide, which interfere with oxygen transport by the blood, or oxygen utilization by the tissues. III. Volatile Drugs and Drug-like Substances. This group contains substances which do not injure the air passages or lungs, but act after absorption by the blood and transportation to the tissues of the body. A large number of volatile hydrocarbon substances are included in this group. -It is divided into various sub-groups, depending on the type and duration of disability or injury produced by the substance. It is not possible to predict accurately what sub-group a particular hydrocarbon or related molecule will occupy, but the following general rules are helpful. The unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbons usually exert an anesthetic or irritating effect on the nervous system, but seldom produce lasting injury. Aromatic hydrocarbons, on the other hand, are prone to produce lasting damage to the body, especially to the blood-forming tissues; chlorine-containing hydrocarbons typically exert a deleterious effect on the liver; and sulfur or nitrogen- API 06894 \j^pZr-VZj: F (C-nt>d) containing hydrocarbons may have varied severe and unpredict able systemic toxic effects, IV, Inorganic and Qrganor.ietallic Sv.bstar.ccs, This group contains a variety of substances of interest to the petroleum industry, such as inorganic phosphorous compounds or substances such as tetraethyl load or iron carbonyl. As the toxic effects of the various substances encountered in the petroleum industry vary widely, it is not possible to generalize the question of treatment. Although chronic poisoning is the more important, there is time to investigate the question of therapy once the type of poisoning is recognized; therefore, the reader interested in the treatment of chronic poisoning is referred * ** zo the individual reviews, as generalizations on therapy are frequently not valid. Acute poisoning is less common, but when it occurs it may constitute a medical emergency. Certain rules which apply to acute poisoning deserve emphasis at this time, as their immediate application may be life-saving, VJhen an individual has been overcome by a toxic gas or vapor, he should be immediately transferred to an area where the atmosphere is not contaminated, and kept warn and at complete rest. If natural breathing is interrupted, artificial respiration should be started at once, as the chances of recovery following cessation of respiration are inversely proportional to the elapsed tine before it is started. If artificial respiration is begun vdthin four minutes of the time breathing ceases, the victim has a fair chance of recovery; if the delay extends to ten or twelve minutes, recovery is most unlikely. If the gas or fume has a direct action on the lungs, complete rest is essential, and pure oxygen should be administered. If the gas or vapor has no local effect, but exerts a systemic action, elimination can be greatly accelerated by the administration of oxygen containing seven per cent carbon dioxide. API 06895 />*cv* g'.Ti.x. (C=rxd) ual has been immersed in, cr a considerable area of a.'--* Ox1 clet-mn^ *.u.^ uco.. contaminated with an agent known to exert a serious ioCal or systemic action. the Dwmnediate removal of tie contaminating material ,rc- the skir. and tic lie carding of tic clothing is essential. In such an -nstar.ee speed is imperative. Clothing should be cut away, and the slcin should be cleansed by copious flooding vdth cool water and gentle wiping. Agents other tiar. `.rater may be most desirable for removing certain substances, but rater is useful in any case because of its general availability. Substances not readily soluble in rater arc removed to a large extent by the direct mechanical action of the water. A brief consideration of the structure and purpose of the individual - Ml reviews in this series is presented at this time. Zach review presents the best information available at the time it ras accepted for publication by the Medical Advisory Committee of the American Petroleum Institute. It is the intention of this committee to add to this collection regularly, as time permits, reviews on other substances of toxicological interest to the industry, and subject each review tc mandatory reconsideration every throe years, or ofter.er if requested by members of the hcdicai Advisory Committee. . Considerable variation exists in the amount of information presented and the completeness of the various reviews. This is inevitable, as they represent a compilation of available information, rather than any original investigation. The present state of knowledge with respect to many of the substances considered is incomplete and, in a few instances, almost entirely lacking. It is hoped that the collecting together of obvious deficiencies of our knowledge concerning the toxicology and safe handling of these substances will serve to stimulate the quest for further imowledge. Thcso reviews should be considered a beginning, not an end. API 06896 Each review is organized along fairly definite lines for the sake of clarity and utility. Tne first section presents the information necessary to definitely identify the substance, while the second presents the general physical '^EIIDIXF (Contd) lo-- ^ ch.ecnriiccal prooppeerrlties of the substance. Particular emphasis is given those teristics influencing volatility, as these have a marked influence on the of atmospheric exposure which is likely. Each review on a substance deg*6 c0CS*)nly encountered as a gas or vapor includes factors for converting milligrams 0f substances per liter of air to parts per million by volume and vice versa, as the toxicological literature uses both types of unit-age. These factors apply at a pressure of 760 mm. Hg. and a tenperaturc of 25C. (77F.) and are based on the fact that one gran molecule of every gas occupies the same volume as one gram pdccule of any other gas when measured under the same conditions of pressure and tenperature. The third section considers the probable conditions and sources of oxposurc to the substance, and the consideration presented in^subsoquent sections assume the type of exposures cited unless otherwise specified. Section four considers the toxicology of the substanco. The information presented in this section varies widely, depending on the present state of toiorrlcdgc. Where sufficient information is available to justify the procedure, this section is divided into general considerations, including information on Ectabolism and excretion} acute effects, chronic effects and, finally, safe limits of exposure for an eight-hour period, five days a week. The fifth section presents any available Information on the treatment of poisoning by the substance under consideration, with particular emphasis on specific therapeutic measures. Section six considers the special proplaccmcnt or periodic examinations believed desirable for workers likely to be roquired to undergo significant exposures to the substance. It is assumed that all workers will undergo a careful and complete proplaccmcnt examination, including a chest X-ray, and emphasis in examination is placed on special tests or examinations pertaining to tho substances under consideration. Section seven considers the safety precautions, both mechanical and Personal, which should bo observed in handling the substance under consideration. The final section presented a sclcctod bibliography documenting tho ^oiration given in previous sections. API 06897 rj For Ir-Cornation Only - Not for Publication APPENDIX G REPORT TO THE API MEDICAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE BY THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON MEDICAL POLICIES AND PRACTICES Dr. R. A. Jewett - Chairman April 23, 1947 y. N. Newquist, M. D., Chairman jjedical Advisory Committee American Petroleum Institute Dear Doctor: On March 19, 1947, I wrote a letter to the members of cy subcommittee, in which was set forth eight roccoacndations on which I requested the monbers to express approval or disapproval# Four members replied# I quote below my letter of March 19, tabulating therein the opinions of the members, from which it will be noted that the majority of the subcommittee approved this report. I wish to add qy approval to each of the recommendations. "You doubtless have read the report I nado up and sent to Doctor Frank tc be presented at the last January meeting# This report unfortunately arrived too late for presentation at the nceting, but was published in the minutes. I wrote this report as if it came with the approval of the connittco members, but in reality it was not submitted to them for signature. I am therefore submitting ter you roconnondations made in this report, and would ask you to sign each one you approve - this for the purpose of presenting to the next meet ing of the whole coixtittoo roconnendations approved by our subcommittee and not by mo alone. First Recommendation; A periodic physical examination of all employees. // T. J. Kelly, M.D. /s/E. Kern Linder, M.D# /s/ H. S. Thomson, M.D. (Comment: 'Certainly over 40. Biennial before?') /a/ J. P. Holt, M.D. (Comment: ' Impracticable with present facilities available in industry.' ffe would be in agreement with a statement aroadir.. A periodic physical examination of all employees. *) RECOMMENDATION APPROVED' API 06898 j^PPENDIX G (Cent1 d) -2- .Second Rcccmcndatir-n: That oil companies sponsor nodical insurance for purenaso by employees. /s/ J. P. Holt, II. D. /s/ H. S. Thomson, M.D. (Undecided) /s/ T. J. Kelly, U.D. /s/ E. Kem Linder, M.D. (Undecided) RECOMMENDATION APPROVED Third Rccomcndation: Follow-up of employees absent due to sickness by trained workers where possible. /s/ J. P. Holt, 11. D. /s/ H. S. Thomsen, M.D. (Undecided) /s/ T. J. Kelly, li.D. /s/ E. Kem Linder, II. D. RECOMMENDATION APPROVED , Fourth Rccomcndation: A definite rehabilitation plan for handicapped workers, vdth special enphasis on veterans. /s/ J. P. Holt, U.D. /s/ H. 3. Thomson, li.D. /s/ T. J. Kelly, U.D. /s/ E. Kem Linder, 11* D* R r C 0 hUE N D A T I 0 N APPROVED Fifth Rcco.-xtcndaticn: The carrying on of a continual health educational progran for employees. /s/ J. P. Holt, JLD. , /s/ H. S. Thomson, li.D. /s/ T. J. Kelly, U.D. /s/ E. Kem Linder, M.D. RECOMMENDATION APPROVED Sixth Rcco:.n:cndaticn: Periodic inspection fron a health standpoint of offices and plants by a doctor or a representative of the nodical departnent. /s/ J. F. Holt, II.D. /s/ H. S. Thomson, U.D. /s/ T. J. Kelly, li.D. /s/ E. Kem Linder, M.D. RECOM MENDAT ION APPROVE D API 06899 ^PPSJJDIX G (Cont'd) -3- Additional Recommendations: 1. That a manual be published outlining special diagnostic procedures for the hazardous substances used in the industry, as being outlined by the subcommittee on Permissible Concentrations, and the treatment for each could well be added. /s/ J. P. Holt, II. D. /s/ H* S. Thomson, M.D. /s/ T. J. Kelly, M. D. /s/ E. Kern Linder, M.D. R E C 0 MKSNDATION APPROVED 2. That a study of the reasons for rejection of accepted applicants bo compiled and published for a uniform policy of rejections. /s/ J. P. Hclt, M.D. (Undecided) /s/ H. S. Thomson, U.D. (Undecided) /s/ T. J. Kelly, U.D. . /s/ E. Kern Linder, II.D. RECOMMENDATION APPROVED Please add any farther recommendations you may have on any subjects you wish presented. Respectfully submitted. #*** On March 28, 1947# I addressed the following letter to committee .embers. I received but one reply, from W. A. Korrison, M.D. Therefore, these suggestions arc presented to you for whatever action you nay desire to take: "Since my letter March 19, 1947, with recommendations on which I requested your approval, I have received from a member of the committee a list of subjects for consideration by our committee, and I an passing then along to you for your comments and approval if they are to be presented to the next nccting of the General CoEnittcc: 1. Methods of talcing blood serology in the sales department areas; aro these done privately or by state laboratories? 2. Arc chest X-rays done routinely and, if so, how arc they handled in the field? 3. Are electrocardiograms done routinely, particularly on executives and service personnel over fifty (50) years of ago? 4* What efforts arc being made in the industry for thorough vision testing of chauffeurs, particularly in rcfcronco to night vision, field of vision and depth perception?" API 06900  PPS'DIX G (C:ntd) -U- f y.swcr: Since this letter, the following questions hove been presented for 1. Is it advisable to use local practicing doctors for re-examinations, or to send a full-tine company doctor to the scenes of employment to make these examinations? 2. Is it advisable to keep nerbidity statistical data on the incidence of disease? If so, can reliable information be obtained vjhcn the employees arc scattered? 3. Hot; many treatments, if any, should be allowed to employees suffering from sickness or non-occupational injury located where dispensary, plant, and office service is available, without a direct cost to the employee? On February 7, 1947, I addressed a letter to ry subcommittee, in which I .eadc the suggestion that we met in Buffalo on the day previous to the General Connittcc nccting, on Sunday, April 27, in order to get something outlined. Of the replies I received, only two made reference to my request - one member expressing agreement that the meeting should be held,. and offering to attend the other stating that it would be difficult for him to be present, but expressing vdllingncss to attempt it if all the ether members were to attend. Respectfully submitted: R. A. Jewett, U.D., Chairman Subcommittee cn Policies and Practices. 1 API 06901 For Infcreation Only - Not for Publlcncfc n APPENDIX H the American foundation for tropical medicine Incorporated 270 Madison Avenue New York 16, N. Y. April 1, 1947 jlr. :i. R. Boyd, President American Petroleum Institute 50 Nest 50th Street [jew York 20, N Y. pear Mr. Boyds The purpose of this letter is to call to your attention the activities of the Anorican Foundation for Tropical Medicine, Inc., and to express the hope tlttt the American Petrelcur. Institute nay directly or-indirectly assist us in obtaining the desired support fron the oil industry in this country* The Foundation is a non-profit tax exempt organization incorporated under the membership Corporation Laws of the State of Not York* It was establish ed in 1939 by the American Society of Tropical Medicine and the American Academy of Tropical Medicine to organize and support teaching and research in tropical medicine in the United States* In 1946 Mr. Harvey Firestone, Jr. ix.de a large gift to the Foundation for the establishment of a research institute in Liberia. The Liberian Government in turn has granted to the Foundation the necessary lands adjacent to Roberts Field, the Army Air Base during the war and now a regular station on the Pan 4 American Airways route to Leopoldville in the Belgian Congo. Construction of the first units of Liberian Institute vail be started Ihis spring. The Institute is to be developed and equipped for fundamental research into the three major problems cf the tropics, disease of man, disease of domestic cnimals and the production of staple food crops. Direction of the scientific activities is vested in a Scientific Advisory Committee consisting of one member each from the scientific faculties of fifteen American Universities. Fiscal control is vested in the Beard cf Directors elected by members of the Corporation who arc designated for membership by contributors to the Foundation. The Liberian Institute will be operated as an international center for research. Its facilities are to be offered to the World Health Organization* Reciprocal agreements arc being negotiated with research centers and schools of tropical medicine in Latin American, Europe, .ifrica and the East. 151030 agreements will rake the facilities of the Liberian Institute available to foreign scientists sponsored by the affiliating institutions, without financial subsidy however* In return those agreements tall provide for similar courtesies and facilities to scientific workers sponsored by the American Foundation for Tropical Medicine. The Foundation and the Institute have two fundamental objectives both of which arc in the national interest. First, research into the fundamental Problems of disease in the tropics and second, by the application of effective API 06902 aPFS:JDXX k (Cont'd) -2- Auocis of disease control, to improve local health and local ccononics. The higji ^cidcncc of disease and consequent ccononic inpoverishnent result front three ^ior factors -- communicable diseases of run, diseases of domestic animals which Unit food supplies for ran, and inadequate agriculture with insufficient Reduction cf staple food crops. Improvement of these conditions will yield benefits to American Business through reduced production costs and developing joarkets. Second, the lack of a fully developed Graduate School of Tropical medicine in the Y/cstcm Hemisphere constituted a serious handicap to the United 5tetcs in the Second World 17ar. The Foundation therefore is working toward the ultimate development of such an institution in the United States which will provide competent training of American and foreign doctors and research workers in preparation for work in tropical areas. The Foundation and the Institute can provide certain services to the companies supporting its activities. These include advice and assistance in obtaining competent consultants to advise on particular problems of special tropical areas; the organization of research into particular problems; field testing of new preparations for the treatment and control of human disease and disease cf domestic animals; field testing cf insecticides and fungicides of potential medical, agricultural, or comcrcial importance; and guidance in the training for work in the tropics of physicians and technical laboratory workers. TTM - nw Very sincerely yours, /s/ Thomas T. liackie ' Thomas T. Liackie, President The American Foundation for Tropical Licdicinc, Inc. Bcgicaan Gray School of Licdicinc T/inston-Salcn. North Carolina API 06903 -7- IX A.IR POLLUTION CONFERENCE OF MANUFACTURING CHEMISTS' ASSOCIATION, APRIL 19-20, 1949 By unanimous vote the Committee requested Chairman Hoag to attend the MCA Conference as the designated representative of the Medical Advisory Committee. # X TENTH MEETING . It vas the consensus of those present that the Committee should hold its tenth meeting in Chicago on Friday, November 11, 1949, with subcommittee meetings to be held on Thursday, November 10, with a schedule Buch that Thursday afternoon will be devoted solely to a meeting of the Subcomnittee on Carcinogenicity. XI ADJOURNMENT There being no further business to be considered, the meeting was adjourned. Approved: A. E. Hoag, M.D. Chairman D. V. Stroop Acting for J. P. Holt, M.D. Secretary i 4-21-49 API 06995 For Information Only - Not For Publication APPENDIX A To Minutes of 9th Meeting of Medical Advisory Committee REPORT TC THE API MEDICAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE BY TEE SUBCOMMITTEE ON CARCINOGENICITY Dr. Mclver Woody - Chairman April 2, 19^9 On behalf of the Subcommittee on Carcinogenicity, I wish to present to the Medical Advisory Committee for transmittal to the Safety Committee of the Board of Directors, the following report: Dr. Kehoe assures us that laboratory facilities for a colony of 10,000 mice (enough to test at least 200 samples in the course of a year) will be available at the University of Cincinnati not later than June 30th. This was made possible by the American Petroleum Institute grant of $40,000 for capital expenditures, of which $30,478 has been put into the new building and $8,264 has been put into new equipment, leaving $1,258 to provide additional apparatus as needed. These new facilities are earmarked for the petroleum industry. The American Petroleum Institute has first call on them. After its needs have been met, work can be undertaken for Individual oil companies up to the capacity that has been provided by the capital grant. , From the grant of $25,000 for current expenses, with due regard for economy, $2,482 was used during 1948, and expenditures for the first 6 months of 1949 are estimated at $14,660. This will leave a balance of $7,858 on hand July 1, 1949. Dr. Kehoe estimates that a full utilization of these facilities by the petroleum industry will entail operating expenses of $122,000 for the year ending June 30, 1950- He also estimates that from $22,000 to $32,000 of this cost will be met by grants from individual oil companies for special work to be done on their accounts. The balance of $90,000 to $100,000 would be charge able to the American Petroleum Institute. In appointing Dr. A. Wesley Horton as Assistant Professor of Industrial Hygiene, the University of Cincinnati has selected an organic chemist with practical experience in polycyclic hydrocarbons, a knowledge of physical chemistry and an understanding of our technical processes. He will devote his entire attention to the chemical aspects of the investigation and, having academic status, he can collect confidential data from competing companies without revealing the source from which it came. During the past 3 monthB he has called on many members of this committee, and conferred with many of their technical experts. He is now on the Pacific Coast and upon his return he will visit Oklahoma and Texas. On the basis of first-hand information thus obtained, he will prepare a list of samples to be tested at Cincinnati between now and July 1950. This list will be reviewed by the subcommittee and submitted to Dr. Kehoe for final approval. In appointing Dr. J. J. Phair Professor of Preventive Medicine, the University of Cincinnati secures an epidemiologist with practical experience in public health and hospital administration. He is still API 06996 A (Cent'd) -2- -missioner of Health of Louisville, hut after July 1st he will he able to Lvote half hie time to American Petroleum Institute problems. He had already nferred with the medical directors of several oil companies to see what . ^dical records are available and to determine what epidemiological techniques ^ be used to advantage. The long incubation period of cancer is one of the factors peculiar to the problem. A cancer registry for the petroleum industry lfl one of Dr. Phair's objectives, but he has his doubts concerning the success ful enforcement of laws that require the reporting of occupational cancer as advocated by some authorities. The National Cancer Conference which was held in Memphis, February 25-27 inclusive, under the sponsorship of the American Cancer Society and the National Cancer Institute of the U.S. Public Health Service was attended by over 350 investigators from all parts of the country, of whom 2k were assigned to the panel on occupational cancer. It was quite evident that the problem of carcinogenic agents in the petroleum Industry is an open booh and that control measures, both medical and technical, must be adopted, jt was also agreed that the petroleum industry is to be congratulated on having undertaken a comprehensive study of the pressing problems. A similar situation has developed recently in England, where the Medical Research Council has appointed a committee on occupational cancer of eight members, including Colonel S. J. M. Auld representing the Institute of Petroleum. He informs us that certain lubricating oils, notably those used in the textile industry, are being looked upon with suspicion and that some companies have undertaken the manufacture of white oils as substitutes, although there is no demand for them as yet. The valuable research done at Birmingham is now going forward with government support, and in view of the similarity of the problem in both countries, Dr. Auld advocated a free exchange of information between the American Petroleum Institute and the Institute of Petroleum. It is recommended that: 1. The American Petroleum Institute exchange information on cancer with the Institute of Petroleum. < 2. The allocation of funds to continue cancer research at the University of Cincinnati for the 12 months ending June 30, 1950 be increased from $50,000 to $100,000. API 06997 For Information Only - Net For Publication APPENDS B To Minutes of 9th Meeting of Medical Advisory Committee REPORT TO THE API MEDICAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE BY THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON FLUORIDES Dr. Kieffer Davis - Chairman April 2, I9U9 On March 30, 19^9, a meeting was held in Dr. Robert A. Kehoe's office at Kettering Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio, to discuss the research work on fluorides now under way at that institution. Representatives from all companies participating in this program were present - Pennsylvania Salt, Reynolds Metal, The Aluminum Company of America, du Pont, Universal Oil Products, and Medical Advisory Committee of the API. Doctors Hoag and Davis were present in behalf of the Subcommittee on Fluorides. The annual report on the progress of experimental investigation of the storage of absorbed fluorides by man and animals was discussed and accepted by the group. At this time the group considered that sufficient animal experimentation had been completed on this matter and future work would be limited to human subjects (adults). The following experiments are anticipated for this year: 1. Continuation of subject E.B. at the present level of ingestion, 12 mg. daily of fluoride as NaF, for several months. 2. Subject K.W. should begin a period of ingestion of fluorides, as NaF, at the rate 3 mg. daily, and continue that one or two years. r 3. Observations on subject E.L. are discontinued but should be resumed when metabolic balance has again been reached. k. Resume the collection of data on losses of fluorides through the skin when additional equipment has been Installed. A fifth experiment was proposed - to expose a subject over a consider able period of time to HF vapor, 1 part per million, and determine as in the ingestion procedures the amount of fluoride absorbed and stored. Because, how ever, of the great cost entailed in setting up the necessary chamber, other equipment and employing a subject, this procedure was deferred for the present time. When it becomes possible to undertake them,the following investiga tions, under the direction of Dr. Kehoe, should be carried out: 1. Extend research on analytical methods to improve the determination of fluorides in blood, in particular, and in other biological samples as well. API 06998 ^PSIXIX 3 (Cont'd) -2- 2. The administration, of fluorides in solution parenterally to study the relation of a maintained blood fluoride level to the rate of urinary excretion of fluorides. 3. Obtain data from workmen who have had several years of exposure to fluorides in industry, studying the loss of fluorides from the body and the reversibility of the total changes, chemical and pathologic, observed under conditions of exposure. Subjects might be available among employees of the Industry. During the meeting it was brought out that a number of other companies interested in this problem should be given the opportunity to Join our group at Kettering Laboratory. By admitting others to this research problem not only would the information resulting from this procedure be further disseminated now to responsible companies, but, also, sufficient additional funds might be acquired to permit investigation of this problem beyond the work which was initially set forth. Dr. Frary was selected to correspond with peoples of these companies. Abstracts of a considerable number of articles covering work completed on fluorides experimentation by others have been compiled and will soon be in mimeographed form for distribution to the companies sponsoring this work. Sufficient copies have been requested to allow each member and associate of the Medical Advisory Committee to receive one. Dr. Kehoe was approached concerning the possibility of using Boron Trifluoride as a test agent in some one of these experiments. It was his opinion that a complete procedure should be worked out using the fluorides that were Btarted with before testing other specific ones. Because of the recognized increasing importance of this problem, the Subcommittee on Fluorides suggests that the Medical Advisory Committee consider this a long-range program (two or more years) and that the American Petroleum Institute continue to support Dr. Kehoe and his group at Kettering Laboratory in this research work. --- ThiB progress report is hereby submitted for your approval. API 06999 For Information Only - Not For Publication APPENDIX C To Minutes of 9th Meeting of Medical Advisory Committee PROGRESS REPORT TC THE API MEDICAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE BY THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS Dr. V. C. Baird - Chairman March 18, I9U9 PROGRESS REPORT American Petroleum Institute Project at Harvard School of Public Health Toxicological Revlevs During the past five months, tentative drafts of toxicological reviews on arsine and amyl acetate have "been submitted to the Medical Advisory Committee for comments. Tentative drafts on acetic acid, betanaphthol, butyl acetate, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, mesitylene, amyl acetate, and hydroquinone have been revised in accordance with suggestions submitted by members of the Medical Advisory Conmittee and their associates. Treatment of Bums A great deal of time has been devoted to the preparation of a report summarizing current concepts on the treatment of burns. The report gives particular emphasis to information available concerning the pathological physiology of the seriously burned patient. Measures designed to correct the systemic disturbances are stressed in the discussion of therapy. We are anxious to receive suggestions from the Medical Advisory Committee that will help us improve this report so that it vill prove to be of practical value to the physician who may not have the opportunity to review the vast and controversial literature on the subject. Silica Catalyst Problem A. Survey of Neighborhood Exposure to Catalyst Dust API 07000 We have requested information from members of the Medical Advisory Conmittee on the silica-alumina dust distribution in the neighborhood of their refineries. Two companies have submitted quite detailed information on the matter and other companies have told us that they were planning to carry out such studies. The following data gives an indication of the magnitude of neighborhood catalyst distribution on the basis of surveys by two refineries: i; j