Document GmXMN9Z8vdR4Yx9gY3Be6JOBr

Dm Mixtrlal tiygi-- UbeMfery tun b*coma c*nf*r of rM*refi for b*tt*r wotlteg confltioni Hirwgli study of iMbrith nod nd control of monufoeftiriog praam**. (Courtoty Gonoral Doctrie Co.) The Expanding Field of Industrial Hygiene By A. C. PABST Twenty years ago industrial hygiene was a new science. Today the hygienist and the safety engineer are on the same team working for a safer environment INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE is a field that is closely interwoven ber of them are not in industry but working for the federal gov with industrial safety. In fact, it ernment or state departments. can be regarded as a medical en Usually, the word "hygiene" gineering phase of safety. recalls hygiene courses in school Unfortunately, many people which dealt with personal habits, know little about industrial hy such as bathing, brushing teeth, giene and the functions of the cleaning finger nails, etc. People industrial hygienist. Industrial jump to the conclusion that a hy hygiene is a comparatively new gienist in industry must be inter science--practically unknown 20 ested in keeping employees clean. years ago. Today there are only In my initial visit to many of our 800 industrial hygienists in the refineries, it seemed that the first . United States, and a large num- stop in the tour was to visit the locker rooms and to inspect show A. C. Pamt U Industrial Hygirnist, er and lavatory facilities. Socemy-Vmcirom OU Company. Tnc., Now York. This article has been con sented from a paper presented at the Petroleum Section, 42nd National Safe ty Coftgreae. Industrial hygienists are inter ested in personal cleanliness so far as it is necessary to protect the employee's health. We are JO more interested in keeping his lungs free from poisonous dusts and gases, his bones free from lead, his liver free from chlori nated solvents, etc. Hygiene is defined as that branch of medical science that re lates to the preservation of health. Therefore, industrial hygiene may be defined as the science of pre vention and control of occupa tional illness. It resolves itself into the problem of finding factors or conditions in work places that may cause or contribute to the ill ness or serious discomfort of em ployees, and of devising the meth ods and means of eliminating or controlling such conditions. The industrial hygienist has Nart*mot Wfy Wmt*, April, 19S5 5SS5S5S5S555BRB done much toward bringing medi cine and safety engineering into close cooperation partly because his interest overlaps these two fields. The typical industrial hygienist started out as a chemist or chemi cal engineer who became inter ested and studied toxicological effects of chemicals on man. Con sequently, he has a good back ground of chemistry and engi neering combined with some medical knowledge^-* sort of onethhd doctor, one-third engineer and one-third chemist His ob jectives are the protection and improvement of the health and safety of workers from all man ner of harmful exposures related to occupation. From this you will note that industrial hygienists and safety engineers have pretty much the same objectives and are mem bers of the same team. Actually, the functions of each are some times so inter-related it is. not possible to draw dear lines of separation. Nor is it necessary to do so, for if a man's health is endangered by working conditions it is an important part of his safety picture. In many industries, safety and industrial hygiene are com bined in the same department. In the petroleum industry, how- Llko people, chemicals are of many types and dispositions. Most are uncomplaining, law-abiding citizens who present no special problems. Same are unstable and unpredictable. Seme are out-andout neurotics, requiring a sharp and observant discipline. Others, harmless by themselves, may be influenced by bad company. Still others are troublemakers In soli tary, but docile and helpful In tandem. Same are (ust plain bad actors. --From a publication by Do Font's Haskell Laboratory of Toxicology ******** ever, industrial hygienists arc usually attached to the medical department and work as closely as possible with the safety depart ment. There is good reason why the petroleum industrial hygien ists must lean heavily upon the safety department. In the petro leum industry the concept of in dustrial hygiene is relatively new and is considerably behind simi lar activities in the chdhucal and other industries, consequently, the number of petroleum industrial hygienists is exceedingly small. On the other hand, safety de partments are well established, well acquainted and close to the every day problems of the petro- TABUE I--EFFECT OF ALCOHOL LEVEL IN BLOOD* Ounce* of Whiskey Consumed in 1 Hr. or less % I 2-3 5-0 8 10 18 24 30 % Alcohol in Blood 0.01 0.02 0.05 01 0.15 02 02 0.4 - 05 0.6 - 0.7 Behavior Normal Feeling oi warmth, pleasant social behavior. Judgment blunted Boastful, impulsive Officially still sober Fumbling, staggering gnit, clumsiness, slurred speech Officially drunk. Responses and motor coordination strongly affected. Helpless, nausea Stupor Corns Piiralyaiif of the respiratory center--rlroth. *Pfizer Spectrum, JAMA, March 27, WM tcum industry, and have consider ably more coverage and man power. To illustrate, the American Petroleum Institute's roster of safety and fire protection person nel lists some 1200 names, prob ably not all, in this occupation. Contrasted to this, to the best of my knowledge, there are at present only 17 industrial hygien ists working for petroleum com panies--an industry ratio of ap proximately 70 safety men to one industrial hygienist Most of the major oil companies now have at least one industrial hygienist and from 50 to 100 safety men, so you can see it is very necessary for us to work with and through our safety people. Basically, the practice of indus trial hygiene in the petroleum in dustry is the same as in any other industry and it can be boiled down to four general principles: 1. A knowledge of the toxicology of chemicals and materials. 2. A review of nil chemicals or materials used and how han dled and the tabulation of toxic or potentially hazardous sub stances. 3. The measurement of worker exposure to hazardous sub stances. 4. If required, the recommenda tion and installation of ade quate control measures and the evaluation of the effectiveness of such corrective steps. Toxicology of Chemicals In regard to Item 1, the Toxi cology of Chemicals, it is usually difficult to adequately define a hazardous material because prac tically anything can be safe or harmful depending upon how or where it is used. For example, air and water are not regarded as harmful, but both are quite deadly under certain conditions--air if injected into the blood stream and water if introduced into the lungs. In the same manner, the use of carbon tetrachloride in a process having properly designed ventila tion would not be hazardous, while the use of carbon tetrachlo ride for mopping floors would be quite dangerous. Most safety people are aware that carbon tet rachloride is a hazardous chemi cal because there has been con- --To payc 103 NatJsW Smf*r Now*. *1*2. 1WS ar utilizes a minimum of compo nents and controls but to offer a flexible, completely reliable cir cuit that will fail safe on any con ceivable control or power failure. The hydraulic circuit designed on these principles could be termed a "straightforward" circuit, that is, one simple in operation, utiliz ing standard components and most important, one that can be understood readily by the main tenance men. Many technical improvements in hydraulic components have been and are being made to meet the demands of fully automatic production machinery. Gasketmounted control valves and car tridge-type pumps are used al most exclusively. Micronic oil filters with pressure gages to indi cate the condition of the filtering element now guard the oil supply to insure trouble-free perform ance. Hydraulic cylinders formerly were subject to excessive mainte nance due to mechanical failure and seal leaks. Today there are available well-designed units that give excellent sendee under ex treme service conditions. The self-regulating, tamper-proof seals are wear compensating and preci sion engineered to give years of leak-proof, highly efficient service with minimum maintenance re quired. Much has been done to answer the familiar objection to hydrau lics, the common old garden vari ety of leaks. It was expected that dry seal pipe threads would be the answer, but it left much to be desired. Work is being done now on pipe threads using dissimilar male and female taper, and the experimental results look promis ing. By using steel tubing, mod em tube fittings and a leak-proof thread, the objectionable leak will be a thing of the past. It would be very beneficial to the user if suppliers of hydraulic components would standardize mounting dimension. This would facilitate quick replacements with stock units regardless of make. If you want to stay young, as sociate with young people. If you want to get old in a hurry, try la keep up with them. Nytittmi W* Nwt, K^r, ItSS Don't SUP uP: on Safety FERROX is low-cost insurance Serious slipping accidents can happen anywhere--on stairs, walkways, ramps, loading platforms, washrooms, machine areas, etc. Low-cost Ferrox provides safe footing on all walking surfaces, wet or , dry. It can be trowelled iover wood, concrete or metal ... sticks tight. . resists oil, chemicals and weather conditions. One gallon covers approximately 40 sq, feet. Write to Department 21 for Ferrox Bulletin. AMERICAN ABRASIVE METALS COMPANY IPV1NGION 1 7, NEW JERSEY J0J ... The man in tfaa pressroom plays a full share in the fast action that makes the American printing industry a marvel of swift and accurate production. , The pressman knows that h footing is safe... when he works in the pressroom of one of the great printing plants which have learned the value of Algrip . . . the only abrasive rolled steel floor plate in the world. He may not even know, offhand, the trade name of the flooring underfoot... but the man who works on Algrip flooring, walk ways and crossovers k/taunt that he won't dtp. The depth-controlled Algrip abrasive Hoes to that. And his employer knows that his lower insurance costs ... and saving in loat man-hours... are helping Algrip to pay for itself. to4 Reader's Point of View --From page 10 factor in computing uninsured or indirect injury costs. I have found that the formula of "Indirect costs equal four times the direct cost" to be conservative and I cannot agree that it should be: "Indirect costs equal onefourth the direct costs." My anal yses and reports on these losses have been reviewed carefully by the management personnel of this and other companies where I have been engaged in safety work and in all instances have been ac cepted. I would be interested in seeing Mr. Simonds' views on the above. D. F. Williams Service Dept. Director International Latex Corp. From London London, England.--At a recent meeting of the London Group En gineering Section, Accident Pre vention Council, a copy of the cur rent National Safety News was shown to me by a visiting mem ber of the United States Army. One article featuring scaffolding was of particular interest to me and I wonder if I could have a copy of this edition. I am pleased to enclose a bro chure on the subject of Home and Industrial Safety which may be of interest, particularly so as this is the first of its kind to be pub lished in this country. Would you please let me know the cost of a regular subscription to National Safety News? James Pyle, Director Sky Press Ltd. A copy of the March issue has been sent. And thanks for the interesting booklet. Upside Down Sheffield, Ala.--We want to be safe, so just for the "right or wrong file," I would appreciate very much to know if the picture on page 204, March issue, was upside down? Curtis Clendenon Maintenance Supervisor Electro Metallurgical Co. You're right: the picture was wrong side up. But don't ask ux how it happened. Flameproofing Fabrics Brings New Hazards To comply with a federal law passed last year which prohibits interstate commerce of highly flammable wearing apparel and fabrics, manufacturers are im pregnating textiles with fire re tardants that are in turn provid ing a hazard to workers handling them, according to Irving Ettinger and Martin Jeremias, two chem ical engineers of the Division of Industrial Hygiene, New York State Department of Labor, who have made an extensive research of the problem. Result of their research was disclosed in a paper read before ' the American Conference of Gov- emmental Industrial Hygienists ' at the recent Industrial Health I Conference at Buffalo. I Among the fabrics requiring j flameproofing treatment, the paper j stated, sheer nylon and nylon net- | tings assumed unusual importance | due to /he increase in the use of these fabrics for party dresses, veils and petticoats. A survey of mills in the New York area showed that the main flameproof- ing agent for nylon was urea- formaldehyde. Some formulations included melamine-formaldehyde and a sulfur compound. Investigation disclosed that the i proper impregnating process is not followed in any of the mills. No attempt is made to squeeze out excess unpolymerized resin which breaks down to irritating formaldehyde gas. Hie research ers point out that the fabric is loaded with as much resin as pos sible to lend it greater stiffness which gives petticoats the bouf fant effect required by present styles. Generally, the net is rolled and shipped without benefit of afterwash or oilier treatment. During storage some of the un cured resins turn into formalde hyde gas and workers unrolling the cloth become exposed to the gas, causing eye, nose, and throat irritation. In addition, the fabric is so loaded with the resin that during handling flaking occurs, . the flakes entering the worker's j eyes. | For several reasons mill owners objected to the removal of un- polymorized resin. Reasons were Hatlmamt Satvfy Noon, M*y, 1955 Here'* dependable protection for your plant and production IN FOUR FEET WE'VE PUT FIRE-TRUCK with JOHN BEAN HIGH-PRESSURE FOG to knock out Fires Fast Two-Gun S*)r-PropII#d Modal OorGirn Salt-PropalUd Modal <*&-. $50-1 SUd'Mountad Stationary or Partabl# Now, thro`* dependable flro central for your plant -- rood protection tor production and profile -- In the com plete new line of John Bean Industrial Fire-Fighters. Both stationary and miniature mobile model* tue the same John. Sean High-Pressure Fog Pump design "oneman" hose lines and patented Fog Guns as the full-size municipal fire-truck*. Only John Bean High-Pressure Fog, delivered at (500 pounds (or more) nozzle pressure, has such last triple action -- it cools, it smothers, it isolates flames in sec onds -- makes on* gallon of water do the work of ten. Fires in oil, gasoline, lacquers, solvents -- in any flam mable liquid or material (except magnesium) -- are all controlled with amazing speed. Not only are fires stopped beiore they become disas ters, but the usual losses from putting them out are eliminated or minimized. Because true high-pressure fog makes one gallon of water do the work of ten. you reduce water damage and save down-time on machines and production lines. Thm lull story is worth year tnrmrtl<jothm* Writs today lot yonr copy of tbm now John Boa Industrial Flrm-n<jhtmr Cotakxf. Cabin** Typ* Stationary MftcUJ i*< Am ICC0i produc ACCO's Great NewChain**. ACCOIOY WELD At latt--lL chain with welds os strong: or stronger than the material... welds that won't break when links are bent sharply... welds made with two projecting lugs that absolutely prevent dangerous kinking of the chain... welds that provide 2H times the welded area found in normal flash or butt-welded links. Accoloy X-Weld 125 Chains hang straight as a die. Every link is perfectly formed! Accoloy X-Weld 125 Chain has almost count less uses: Slings, bundling, towing, general utility chains... It can be furnished in special analyses and heat treatments to provide greatly extended life and use on tough jobs ... corrosive jobs... ab rasive jobs... hot jobs. Specify Accoloy X-Wold 125 for your next chain job for a new concept of chain performance, economy and value. Available in H '.X X', X" and M* sizes. The Secret is in the Weld! A*k our nearest dletrlct office tor further infor~ motion on ACCOLOY X-WELD 125 CHAIN, or write the American Chain Divltlon. York, Fa., for dttcrlptivt bulletin. TMiJUtolay X-WaM 12S 8k w tmi ilcfcsS h thaw k* Irff WtMsS STM --3V4 tl-- ftm ilea a) waldiS araa paaUWawtthalUrwaW. tat pracawat. Thla aaaa* aiara Ilia a taU tha nnrlly alHiawalS anSanty X-WaM has M t American drain Division AMERICAN CHAIN & CABLE Yorl, Pa , AtUrta, lattea, CJiTca^o. 0nvr. CMroit. Howifoa, Lot Now York, PfclUdtlpfcU. PHhborok, fertUod, Or#., San FiikIko, Iridftptri, Coim. that the added cost could not be absorbed, that nylon could not stand the added handling, that the mills have not the necessary equipment and are reluctant to invest in it and. finally, that the removal of the surface resins would reduce the stiffness of the net These objections had to be conceded and the more basic ap proach, the improvement of the raw material used in flameproof ing, was sought Mill owners have been encour aged to lend their pressure upon resin manufacturers to improve their product From observation it appears that there has been considerable progress in the last few months and that the industry has succeeded to a large extent in improving its products so that flameproofing materials no longer present the hazard to workers they did only a few months ago. Baking Industry --Front page 35 which he was injured. These terminologies are important and the rules likewise must be ad hered to if we are to have authen tic comparisons. Accident costs are much more difficult to obtain, since they should include both direct and indirect expense. We are often misled by simply taking the direct costs, which are those covered by Workmen's Compensation. The indirect costs, not .covered by in surance, are quite frequently the larger. A study completed by the Workmen's Compensation Board of the State of New York, cover ing compensation cases closed in 1948, reveal that more workers in bakeries are involved in compen sable cases than in any other major division of the food indus try. They found that 1,550 cases comprised one-fourth of all com pensable food industry cases. Small bakeries, with baking facil ities on the premises, selling at neighborhood stores are not in cluded in this study. The study shows that the aver age cost of these cases was $504, and that bakeries lead the food industry in the total amount of compensation awards. This study Natiwaf Safttr Dm M~, ! injuries to octo^vr od per ccnf o the bakery workers, were in some manner connected with the handling, or mishandling, of mis* cellaneous objects. This would indicate a need for training in proper handling which has been effectively introduced in many other industries. The next leading cause of acci dents was working surfaces. This caused 295, or 19 per cent of the bakery accidents in compensation cases. Accidents caused by vehicles numbered 281. or 18 per cent among bakery workers, a higher percentage than similar accidents in any other food industry. These are a few of the statistics that point directly to the sources of accidents, and where we can initi ate training to reduce them. ome of the specific average costs per case or type of accident in the industry show that the average cost of slips was $470; falls $610: caught in-on-or be tween $670; and unclassified acci dents $1,598. These are a few instances of the exorbitant costs of compensation benefits alone, which do not include medical or hospital expenses, or the indirect costs. These are the same dollars that we utilize to operate plants, buy equipment, advertising, and to pay salaries. There is no easier way to increase our profit picture than by eradicating accidents and their attendant costs. The social effects of accidents have an even greater impact than the economic side, for they in volve the human factor. Their consequences embody some of the principles that we as Americans have cherished since this nation was founded. Pursuit of happi ness can be greatly affected by crippling injuries. The thousands of accident victims arc an ever increasing burden to society, and to state and federal government. Like the eradication of infectious diseases, the prevention of acci dents must begin at their sources. The progress of American busi- Moriseet Solely News, Mur. IE5S SODA-ACID STAINLESS STEEL EXTINGUISHERS LARGE RADIUS MOW LEAD stopple positive ioiue cUmp STAINLESS STEEL CAGE water level marker HEAT-PROOF t OZ. ROTTLE STAINLESS STEEL. ELECTRIC WELDED CONSTRUCTION LIGHTWEIGHT . . . 7 lti. or light*, thoft o^Iflon types. STRONG . . . tested Id 300 tbs.. ortlinery lYP* tested to 330 Ibt. DURARLE . . . ml, acid, corrosion mitlL KINK-PROOF HOSE CONVEX RASE . . . Ur strength PLASTIC NOZZLE CONVENIENT HANDLE 2'/, GAUOM S! AND 3D A 40 GALLON WHEELED ENGINES UNDERWRITERS' LABORATORIES, AND FACTORY MUTUAL APPROVED! Too get surer Hr* protection from Buffalo better-built extinguishers because there's mor* protection buill-int Highest engineering stondords, exacting manufacture and precision inspection produce the finest extin guishers possible. Dealing with your Buffalo industrial distributor has many advantages. He carries a com plete line of Buffalo beffer-btlf portable extinguish ers, parti and recharges. Simply roll him, one trans action will answer your lire protection needs in a hurry. Call him now! He is listed in the yellow pages of your telephone directory! WRITE TODAY FOR THIS COMPLETE POCKET GUIDE TO FIRE PROTECTIONt SINCE 1895 . . . ] BUFFALO FIRE APPLIANCE 1 c O R P R1 A T 1 O N - " d ;a -r t*`o: n i, i h i o sw PROVEN BY THE REBOUND! 17MU Bullard *ngln*ring and sataa rasaareh main are study ing not only the Impact, but also the rebound of this eight pound ball. Rebound action la tha extra safety margin In Bullard safety hate and caps. Their scientifically designed threeribbed crown not only resists impact but deflects heavy failing objects. This Is one of the reasons why Bullard fiber glaea hats and caps surpass all necessary Industrial tests. Oreatar protection plus style, comfort and color make Bullard head protection the best and longest lasting buy in aafaty hats and caps. Chin straps, wlnterllnere and face shields' are available for all styles of Bullard safety hats and caps. , Three-ribbed crown construction ness has been due in many re spects not only to raising the standard of living and the means for the worker to earn it, but an interest in his well being, his health and his happiness, his problems and his desires--both on and off the job. The goodwill that emanates from this kind of association is indeed the founda tion for sound labor-management relations. There is no question about organized labor's concern for the health and happiness of their members, and they are as concerned with accident preven tion as with other benefits. Through safety programs care fully planned and administered, management can gain the respect of labor. They can serve as a foundation for building attitudes which are necessary for the effi ciency of any operation. When management, through a super visory staff closely associated with workers, exemplifies interest in workers through protecting them, workers in turn are receptive tto cooperating in other types of management goals. Success in preventing accidents has been noteworthy in American business and it has been primarily management's accomplishment. The survival of many a company can be traced to effective loss control, if we would use as a yardstick the business failures following severe losses. With today's heavy loss settle ments and award suits it is con ceivable how a small company might well face bankruptcy. Be cause of the many small bakery operators this problem becomes one of vital importance, for it may mean survival or termination of operations. Universal size--rsplsesabls hssdbsnd Choice of permanent molded-In color* to Identify company or trade. Aluminum hats and caps available also In variety of colors. BULLARD e. D, Bullard Company, 378 Eighth St, San Prancisco Wire from Washington --From page 14 Drug Administration by some $384,000 "solely for activities aimed at protecting the American people from products that are filthy or endanger health" and for one other designated purpose. The Senate must still act on the ap propriation. H.R. 5036 (Priest) and H.R. 5094 (Hale) would amend the Food, Drug and Cos metic Act with respect to new cosmetic ingredients. IBt Notional Smtoty Noon, Hay, !fJ5 S. 1455 (Magnuson) and H.R. 5222 (Klein) seek to amend the Flammable Fabrics Act so as to exempt plain surface scarves which do not present an unusual hazard; these bills were spoil- | sored by the Department of Com merce. H.R. 5091 (Fino) would require that cigarettes be packaged and marked so as to show the nico tine content of each package. Marine Safety. S 460 (Mag nuson) was reported favorably by the Senate Committee on Inter- i state and Foreign Commerce. This bill, and the similar H.R. 4653 (Bonner), were introduced at the request of tile Treasury Department, to require river steam vessels to have approved life preservers for each person j allowed to be carried, including crew. ; Hearings have been held on j S. 743 (Mapiuson), which pro- j vides for biennial inspection of ! hulls and boilers of cargo ves- I sels; a similar bill in the House j is HJL 4851 (Bonner). Hearings ! were also held on H.R. 4090 (Me- j Carmack) concerning radio-call , selectors for cargo vessels. ' Aviation Safety. The CAB held a public discussion of various por- j tions of proposed changes m the j Civil Air Regulations concern- , ing the elimination of the annual inspection of general aircraft. S. 1119 (Magnuson) proposes extensive amendments to the Civil Aeronautics Act of 1938, includ ing some of its safety provisions. Farm Safety. The President proclaimed the week beginning July 23, 1955 as National Farm Safety Week. Government Operations. S-1309 (Smith and Saltonstall) seeks to decrease accidents in government activities by making each govern ment agency responsible, in its budget, for the cost of payments to injured employees or their sur vivors. Under present law, the Bureau of Employees Compensa tion in the Labor Department makes payments. The basic pur- i pose of the bill is to encourage ; the various government agencies > to initiate safety programs. 1 ^7 REDUCE 4"' THIS DANGER ZONE! You can reduce this danger zone under any ho'*t, crane, or other lifting equipment with BuHrd-Qurnham safety hooks, A pushbutton safety gate makes It im possible for loads to Jar loose until the hook Is manually unlocked, and also acts as a constant safety gauge in dicating whether or not the hook Is sprung. Notice that the safety gate leaves the hook's throat 100% clear. The heavy duty safety gate is non-corrosive brass with a stainless steel lock pin that will last for years, E. o* Bullard Company, 275 Eighth St., Sen Frencisco Hook sit teed Mock Hoek wrth |av *nS Jawdypa pu for link chain Hook wHH odepter *uf for (( types of putter* IvffcTl NC Write for complete data and .pacification. I hV * A f I I v e Nafwaef w*fy *fw. Mmf, I35 rw A hand lor every JOMAC The features you want in a work glove--protcinon. safety, durability, full finger control, lower cost--are the very factors that govern die design of Joinac10 Work Gloves. Describe your plant operations, temperature conditions, etc., and we'll gladly recommend an economical Jomac for the job, and send you a free sample pair. Jomac Inc., Department D, Philadelphia 38, Pa. Joime Hunt! Guards can be worn over gloves, if desired, to provide esrra protection against abrasion, slurp edges, or heavy blows. Avail* able ruhber.lined to protect from grease nr oil. They can be recondi* twined repeatedly It payo to keep JO MACS on hand JOMAC Industrial Work Cloves Outwear ordinary work gloves by 900% PLANTS IN PHILADELPHIA. PA.. AND WARSAW. IND. First Aid --From page 33 1 Much controversy about equip ping the first aid kit with such a snake bit kit is voiced by many, on the grounds that the danger is either non-existent or extremely remote. However, if the danger is there, some precautionary meas ures, including a snake bite kit, should be provided. Frequency rates are very low, but why in crease the fatality rate by not hav ing adequate equipment ready for treatment? About the most common type of injury occurring in all types of industry and all locations is burns. In most cases where bums are limited in scope, effective first aid treatment can be given by manual application of an approved first aid medication. However, where bums are likely to be severe and wide spread, bum first aid facilities must be fast, dependable and ef fective. The prime duties when giving bum first aid are to re lieve pain, prevent shock and pre vent infection. All these things must be accomplished in a mini mum amount of time to limit the severity of successive complica tions. In treating bums care should be taken that injured areas are not touched by the hand. The type of treatment to be used for all bums should be pre scribed by the medical director of die company. The proper first aid treatment will save him valu able time and prevent unneces sary pain and succeeding com plications to the patient There are complete bum spray first aid kits available combining spray applications, materials for limited manual application, as well as bandages and other items for first aid treatment at the scene. Needless to say, no first aid equipment will give complete sat isfaction unless used by properly trained persons. The most criti cal time is directly following the injury due to' the bleeding, shock and other complications. The im portance of swift action is veri fied in a part of the definition of first aid: "Temporary aid and comfort given to the patient to IMIbmI Smftty Nawt, May, If55 avert further complications in an emergency until professional medical attention can lx; ob tained." Every work group, regardless of size, should have the services of one or more persons skilled in first aid. Experience of many in dustries shows that the injury frequency declines in direct pro portion to the number of workers trained in first aid techniques. Thorough training and first aid knowledge create safety minded employees who instinctively avoid unnecessary hazards. In nearly every community there are agen cies which can assist in training workers in first aid. kkAKBAR" 1/ The Kinnear Steel Rolling Fire Door with y#~t Green Cross News --From page 10 Glass Works, was elected presi dent, succeeding Harold S. Stanzler. Nineteen Pawtucket and Blackstone Valley plants received trophies and other awards for out standing safety records last year( Manager John Booth reports an enthusiastic crowd of 150 indus trial leaders, supervisors and safe ty directors attended the dinner. Stockton Contest Grows A healthy and encouraging in crease in the number of plants in the San Joaquin County Safety Council's Inter-Plant contest (Calif.), brings the total up to 82 participating companies in the current competition. There are now eleven divisions, including canneries, dairy and bottling, wineries, wood and paper prod ucts, metal fabricators, ceramics, petroleum distributing, public utilities and governmental agen cies and miscellaneous, the last two classifications having two divisions each. Farm Tractor Safety Approximately 2,000 High school students and representatives of various 4-H Clubs, farm bureaus and other agricultural organiza tions of Fresno County and five other nearby counties in Southern California, witnessed a spectacular farm tractor safety demonstration in Fresno on March 10. The Davis branch of the University of California, in cooperation with the Fresno County Safety Council, j | | ! { j ! j Akbar Fire Doors --another famous Kinnear product--combine quick, positive, automatic fire pro tection with features that provide maximum safety. When fire threatens, the doors arc automatically pushed downward by a strong starting tpring . . . yet their downward speed is controlled, for the safety of anyone passing through the opening at the time of emergency release. As another safety measure, Akhar Doors feature separate counterbal ance and starting springs. I'or emergency exit, the doors can be opened after automatic closure. Another Kinnear device stops the door at sill level eren if the sill is hunted away. This assures maxi mum closure of the doorway area, even under adverse conditions. When not in use. Akbar Doors remain coiled overhead, out of the way. Approved and labeled by Un derwriters' Laboratories, fnc., they The KINNEAR Mfg. Co. FACTORIES 172CMO Ave, Ceiumbu* 16. Ohio X741 Yoitttole Ave . Soft fronico 24, Calif. QUit** mV Aqmittt i All friMip*! Cthn Hmt/omml W*ty Newt, If55 have saved as much as one third of their cost per year in reduced in surance rates. They arc built any si/c, to fit each specific opening -- for cither old or new buildings. Akbar Doors can also be used for regular daily service, with Kinnear Motor Ojserators for dearie push button control if desired. Where maximum fire protection is not essential, uautahelcd Kinnear Steel Rolling Doors arc recommended. Write today for catalog or specific information. KINNEAR AmnaMEt-jfir-xfrrj' ITJ