Document Gm0k0wZXxRqXgBXL8GgXoeQQq

STATE OF NEW YORK DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH OFFICE OF PUBLIC HEALTH TOWER BUILDING THE GOVERNOR NELSON A. ROCKEFELLER EMPIRE STATE PLAZA ALBANY, N.Y. 12297 DAVID AXELROD. M.D. Cc.*?vni ion mr CLEMK- E. HAUGHIE, m.c. Director of Pubtie Hmmlth THE DIVISION OF EPIDEMIOLOrr RETER GREENWALO. M.O., DR. m*. Director CANCER MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY: IMPORTANCE OF OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES Peter Greenvald, M.D., Dr. P.H. Presented at The Toxicology Sorum Aspen, Colorado July 20, 1981 Table 1 Rough Estimate of Cancer Cases Due to Occupational Hazards United States, 1981 Cancer Site Percent Ascribed* RALE U.S. Incidence** Number Ascribed W K) oO Lung Bladder Leubemia Other * 1SZ 10% 1-CX Z. 7% 88,000 27,000 13,000 275,000 2,700 1,300 10,200 All Sites 6. 8% 403,000 27,400 Percent Ascribed* FEMALE U.S. Incidence** Numbe As crib 5% 5% 5% 0. 6% 34,000 10,000 10,400 357,600 1,70C Sot 52 C 2,22C 1.2% 412,000 4,94 C * Doll 2nd Peto (1981) estimate ** American Cancer Society (1981) estimate Table 2 Occupational Carcinogens for Lung and Bladder Cancers and Leukemia (From Cole and Goldman, 1975) Lung Cancer Asbestos fibers Coal soot/tar Petroleum Petroleum coke Wax/paraffin Creosote Anthracene Shale Mineral oils Mustard gas Bis (chloromethyl) ether Chloromethyl methyl ether Arsenic Chromium Iron oxide Nickel Ionizing radiation Bladder Cancer Benzidine 0 B-naphthylamine o-naphthylamine Coal soot/tar Auramine Magenta 4-aminodiphenyl 4-nitrodiphenyl Leather dusts Leukemia Benzene Ionizing radiation Males Lung Colon Prostate Pancreas Stomach Rectum All Cancer Females Breast Lung Colon Ovary Pancreas Stomach Cervix Rectum All Cancer Table 3 Leading Causes of Cancer Deaths New York State Less New York City Age-Adjusted to U.S. 1970 Population Deaths/100,000 Population 1950 26-. 6 19.5 22.5 8. 5 25.0 12.1 185.8 1960 43.5 20.7 19.4 10.2 16.7 11.4 199.6 1970 59.8 2Z?9 21.0 11.8 11.9 9. S 214.4 1979 68.1 25.2 23.1 13.2 9.2 6.3 225.9 1950-79 Percent Change +157 % + 29% + 3% + 55% - 63% - 48% + 22% 1950 30.2 3.9 21.0 9.3 5.6 12.8 12.6 6.9 152.2 1960 30.7 4.7 20.4 9.5 7.5 8.6 7.8 6.5 144.5 1970 32.4 11.7 19.8 10.9 8.0 6.0 5.5 5.6 145.5 1979 31.8 21.4 19.7 9.3 8.4 4.5 3.8 3.8 152.7 1950-79 Percent Change + 5% +449% - 6% 0% + 50% - 65% - 70% - 45% 0% Table 4 Estimated Annual Age Specific Lung Cancer Death Rates in U.S. Non-Smokers, 1958 and 1966-68 (From Enstrom, 1979) 3 MEN Never Smoked Cigarettes WOMEN Never Smoked Cigarettes Age 1958 1966-68 1958 1966-68 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75-84 1.8 3.4 14.8 33. 7 69.7 2.3 3.5 32.2 65.6 89.9 0.7 3.8 10.4 21.0 34.0 0.5 2.7 11.4 19.6 38.8 35-84 13.3 22.8 8.3 8.3 Table 5 Mesothelioma Reports to the New York State Cancer Registry, Exclusive of New York City 1973-1979 Year All Sites 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979* 30 25 32 39 39 39 49 MALE Lung and Pleura 25** 22 23 27 36 34 42 Peritoneum and Other 5 3 9 12 3 5. 7 % All Sites FEMALE Lung and Peritoneum Pleura and Other 11 15 23 21 11 20 17 5 7 IS 11 6 12 : 11 6 8 8 10 5 8 6 M:F Ratio 2.7 1.7 1.4 1.9 3.5 2.0 2.9 * Provisional References American Cancer Society, 1981. Cancer Facts 5 Figures. American Cancer Society, New York. 31 pp. Auerbach 0., E. C. Hammond, and L. Garfinkel, 1979. Changes in bronchial epithelium in relation to cigarette smoking, 1955-1960 vs. 1970-77. N. Engl. J. Med. 300:381-386. Cole, P. , and M. B. Goldman, 1975. Occupation. Pp. 167-184 in J. F. Fraumeni, ed. Persons at High Risk of Cancer - An Approach to Cancer Etiology and Control, Academic Press, New York. Doll R., and R. Peto, 1981. The causes of cancer: quantitative estimates of avoidable risks of cancer in the United States today. J. Natl. CanceT Inst. 66:1191-1308. Enstrom, J. E., 1979. Rising lung cancer mortality among nonsmokers. Cancer Inst. 62:755-760. J. Natl. Figueroa, W.G., R. Raszkowski, and W. Weiss, 1973. Lung cancer in chloromethyl methyl ether workers. J. Med. 288:1096-1097. N. Engl. Goldwater, L.J., A. J. Rosso, and M. Kleinfeld, 1965. Bladder tumors in a coal tar dye plant. Arch. Environ. Health 11:814-817. Haenszel, W., 1961. Cancer mortality among the foreign-born in the United States. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 26:37-132. Higginson, J., 1969. ' Present trends in cancer epidemiology. Pp. 40-75 in J. F. Morgan, ed. Canadian Cancer Conference - Proceedings of the Eighth Canadian Cancer Research Conference, Honey Harbour, Ontario, 1968, Pergamon Press, Oxford. National Clearinghouse for Smoking and Health, 1976. The Health Consequences of Smoking. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Atlanta. HEW Publication No. (CDC) 78-8357. 657 pp. Saracci, R., 1977. Asbestos and lung cancer: an analysis of the epidemiological evidence on the asbestos - smoking interaction. Int. J. Cancer 20:323- 531. 2- - Schneiderman, M. A., 1979. What's happening to cancer in our advanced industrial society? Have the risks been overstated? Presented as the Keynote Address at the Conference on Epidemiological Methods for Occupational and Environmental Studies, Society for Occupational and Environmental Health, Washington, B.C., December 3-5, 1979. Van Duuren, B. L., B. M. Goldschmidt, C. Katz, L. Langseth, G. Mercado, and A. Sivak, 1968. Alpha-haloethers: a new type of alkylating carcinogen. Arch. Environ. Health 16:472-476:?> Weiss, W., 1980. The cigarette factor in lung cancer due to chloromethyl ethers. JOM 22:527-529.