Document GOzGMj7xxNKgpwLLw6adr9jx

PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT EFFIiCTS-HUMAN HEALTH cenlfiiliun nr dove, was linear on a logarithmic scale. Hie equivalent concentrations and doses of benzene that pmdoccd the same inversion of the chronaxia of the antagonistic muscles were found to he 240 mg/cu m and 10,000 mg/1: 120 mg/cu nt and COCK) mg/I; 60 mg/cu m and 4000 mg/1; 30 mg/cu m and 2000 mg/1, and IS mg/cu in and 1000 mg/I. Reduced blood cholinesterase activity, and reduction of the leukocyte, erythrocyte and hemoglobin levels were among the principal symptoms of benzene poisoning. The potentiation of the ef fects of high doses and concentrations of benzene, and the summation effect for tower doses and concentrations were determined. 4291$ APTIC NO. 66240 Chow, C. K., C. J. Dillard, and A. L. Tappet GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE SYSTEM AND LYSOZYME IN RATS EXPOSED TO OZONE OR NITROGEN DIOXIDE. Environ. Res.. 7(3):311-319, June 1974. 30 refs. Exposure to rats to low concentrations of ozone (as low as 0.2 ppm) continuously for 8 days, or intermittently (8 hr/day) for 7 days, significantly increased the activities of the glutathione (GSH) peroxidase system- in lung- tissue. Linear regression analysis showed the increased enzymic activities to be a func-. tion of ozone concentration. Lysozyme activity was signifi cantly increased in lung soluble and plasma, during, continuous, but not intermittent, 03 exposure. The results indicated that lipid peroxidation damage occurred in lungs of rats ex posed to relatively high levels of 03. Rats were exposed to relatively higher levels of nitrogen dioxide for 4 days. The ac tivities of GSH reductase and glucose-6-phosphatc dehydrogenase were significantly increased during exposure to 2.3 ppm and 6.2 ppm of N02, respectively. There was no sig nificant increase in the activity of GSH peroxidase in lung soluble, or of lysozyme in the plasma, during exposure co N02. Tire results suggest that the mechanism of action of N02 is different from that of 03. (Author abstract) 42916 APTIC NO. 66438 Dingcon, M. and Collombel EVALUATION OF THE NUISANCES CAUSED BY ASBESTOS: ASBESTOS USED IN AUTOMOBILES. (Evaluation des nuisances provoquees par I amiante: cas de l amiantt automobile). Text in French. PoHut. Atmos. (Paris), 16(62):)83-190, Aprit-June 1974. 28 refs. Toxicologic and epidemiologic data on asbestos in occupa tionally and spontaneously exposed subjects, and the hazards of asbestos as released by automobile brake linings are discussed. Lung fibrosis, bronchopulmonar cancer, as well as pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma due to inhaled asbestos in occupationally exposed populauons were determined. The latency period of asbestos-induced cancer ranges from 15 to 20 years. Crocidolite and antophyllite are more powerful car cinogens than chrysotile. The irritation of the respiratory tract is essential for the formation of lung cancer by asbestos. The carcinogenic effect of different types of asbestos may be due to and be dependent of the presence of impurities, such as chromium."iron, beryllium, magnesium, nickel, cobalt, and manganese that are carcinogenic, as well as of traces of tar, mineral oil. and benzotalpyrene. The metallic impurities may inhibit the benzotalpyrene hydroxylase activity. The increased frequency of positive findings of screenings for asbestos in the lungs ol city dwellers indicates a minimum, though not ncglittiblc hazard, of asbestosis due to asbestos released by brake linings in occupationally not exposed subjects. In this respect, drum brakes, retaining worn-off asbestos particles practically quantitatively inside the brake housing, are less hazardous than disc brakes which release all worn-off asbestos into the atmosphere in nondenatured form. 42920 42917 APTIC NO. 66174 Eddy, T. P. COAL SMOKF. AND MORTALITY OF T1IF. ELDERLY. Nature (London), 2SKS47I):136-138, Sept. 13. 1974. 13 refs. Mortality from falls in old people is so closely related to mor tality from fractures of long bones, particularly of the prox imal femur, that it seems related to bone fragility. Common contemporary factors may affect mortality and possibly bone fragility for both sexes. Coal smoke may be one such factor. A statistical study was made on British mortality, and death rates from falls were correlated with death rates from bronchitis and domestic smoke pollution. Mortality from falls seemed to be related to domestic smoke pollution independently of the rela tionship to mortality from bronchitis. Since increased smoke levels decreased ultraviolet radiation, the effect of smoke on mortality from falls and fractures may have been due to reduced endogenous synthesis by ultraviolet light. 42918 APTIC NO. 66386 Freeman, Gustave, Laszlo T. Juhos, Nazzareno 1. Furiosi, Rowena Mussenden, Robert J. Stephens, and Michael J. Evans PATHOLOGY OF PULMONARY DISEASE FROM EXPO SURE TO INTERDEPENDENT AMBIENT GASES (NITROGEN DIOXIDE AND OZONE). Arch. Environ. Health, 2960:203-2/0, Oct. 1974. 27 refs. Rats in exposure chambers were subjected to mixtures of nitrogen dioxide and ozone at levels reached in severe smog and were subsequently examined histologically for injury. The major site of injury observed was at the level of the junction of the respiratory bronchiole and the alveolar duct, somewhat more peripheral than the lesion caused by N02 alone. Ozone, the more toxic component; was largely responsible for the in jury at the selected concentrations and for the characteristic fibroblastic activity in that region. The observations suggested that potential injury from ambient smog resulted mainly from 03, whereas injury from tobacco smoke was due largely to its relatively high concentration of N02. Smoking and residing in smoggy areas appear to be additively injurious. (Author ab stract modified) 42919 APTIC NO. 66247 Fukuie, Noriko BIOLOGICAL EFFECT OF HEAVY METALLIC CATALYST PARTICLES TO BE EXHAUSTED IN THE AIR. (Jukinzoku shokubai biryushi no scibutsu ni oyobo.su eikyo). Text in Japanese. Nippon Jidosha Kenkyujo Kenkyu Sokuho (Res. Lett. Japan Automob. Inst.), no. 19:63-69, March 1974. Copper, chromium: iron, and aluminum catalysts were ad ministered orally to rats over a 1-month period, followed by examination of the internal organs for metal distribution and pathological changes in an investigation of the toxicity of the heavy metals. No pathological changes were observed, although the point of maximum accumulation rate was dif ferent between Cu and Cr among respective groups of rats. The results indicate that there may be an optimum absorbing concentration for each of the metals. 42920 APTIC NO. 66379 Fukuta, Shinji, Toru Yamamoto, Takanari Tokuhisa, Junichi Mise, and Uri/o Fujii SERUM IGF. LEVEL IN CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASES: WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO BRONCHIAL ASTHMA. (Heisokusei hat shikkan ni okeru kessci tgE chi-kikanshi zensokushorei o chushin to shite). Text in Japanese. Nihon Kyabu Shikkan Oakkai Zasshi (Japan. J. Thoracic Dis.), I2(7):386-391, July IV74. 24 refs. r il FMSI 03286