Document GKk8GYR9VENN571mLYENoBvQv

* LEAD * Tr ib u n e To w e r .4 Beautiful Addition to Chicago's Skyline bt t. Published by the LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION Graybar Build'ng ^ 420 Lexington Avenue < New York NO VEMBER.1930 LIA25104 NUMBER 1 111 Pennsylvania Railroad's Philadelphia Improvements Will Require Lead for Anti-Vibration Mats and Other Purposes HE Pennsylvania Railroad Thas under construction a mammoth improvement program centering largely t ** tracks below the street level. Adjacent to old Broad Street Station in the heart of down town Philadelphia, has just around Philadelphia, calling for been completed a magnificent the expenditure of some $300, office building which will house 000,000. Lead in several forms both the Railroad's executive will be used to help carry out offices and offices for business these improvements. Part of rental purposes. Underneath this program has already been the building a suburban station completed, including the elec with a main concourse measur trification of all the suburban ing 180x400 feet will give direct lines out of Philadelphia, and a entrance to the city's subways. considerable portion of the through electrification of the entire main line between New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington. Much of the work is still in progress. COURTESY PENNSYLVANIA R. R. CO. Ne w Of f ic e Bu il d in g and suburban station of the Pennsylvania Railroad near the site of present Broad Street Station Graham, Anderson, Probst and White, Architects Suburban trains will be han dled on six tracks above the street level at the West Phila delphia Station, will pass over a new bridge across the Schuyl kill River and will enter a sub One of the most important features of the program way leading to the suburban terminal under the office is the erection of a new Philadelphia terminal which building. This will allow for removal of the present will replace the famous old Broad Street Station elevated railroad carrying the tracks into Broad after a useful life of nearly fifty years. Street Station. The ground over which these tracks A new passenger station will be erected at WestN Philadelphia and will occupy almost an entire city now extend will thereby be made available for com mercial development and municipal improvement of block. The main concourse will be 325x 1 30 feet and the jiighest order. will be surrounded by ticket offices, restaurants, It is readily seen that, with trains passing con waiting-rooms and other necessary station facilities. stantly underneath both the new terminal at West Through trains will operate from sixteen platformed Philadelphia and the office building and suburban COURTESY PENNSYLVANIA R. R. Co. Th e Pe n n s y l v a n ia St a t io n a t We s t Ph il a d e l p h ia , No v Un d e r Co n s t r u c t io n The bridge in the foreground is the new Market Street Bridge, in the mu.'Je is the bridge which itrill carry the new Pennsylvania Boulevard, and the third is the one which will carry thf. uburban trains into the new subway Graham, Anderson, Probst and White, Architects [21 I station downtown, a great amount of noise and vibration would be transmitted to the buildings if adequate precautions were not taken. To guard against this possibility, lead-asbestos mats are placed on the many foundations underwrite grillages on which rest the column footing^/These mats consist of a bottom-layer of / in. sheet lead, on top of w'hich are placed, in order, sheets of 3/s in. asbestos board, No. 20 gage steel, / in. asbestos board and a second sheet of ps in. lead. The lower lead sheet is slightly larger than the rest and is bent up and over the top sheet to form a lead container for the other materials, and is soldered. Thus an insulating pad is formed which will stop the passage of vibration from the tracks up through the building steel, for lead is the only common metal which deadens vibration, which will withstand building loads, and, due to lead's great corrosion resistance, will last as long as the building resting upon it. This method of securing complete freedom from noise and vibration has already been success fully employed in New York for a number of years and is becoming quite widely used where buildings are erected in close proximity to railroad tracks and other sources of vibration and noise such as highway bridges. Above ground sheet lead is used for flashings on these fine buildings. Red lead protects the steel of the buildings, and the poles carrying the electric trolley wires, from rust and destruction. White lead in paint will be used to protect and beautify. In other ways, too, such as in lead-covered cable and in storage batteries, lead will find a place in these far-reaching improvements of the Pennsylvania Rail road in and around Philadelphia. The Everlasting Metal Now Being Used for Caskets NEW hard lead casket has been developed by chral work for its use as casket trim. It is the A the Sterling Casket Hardware Company of standard material for this purpose in all good casket Brooklyn, New York. This is a modern application construction, and hard lead thus used is known sim of lead which for centuries has been one of the most ply as c.t. (casket trimming) metal. It was through important materials of the casket-maker, because wide experience with it for this purpose as well as lead is the most durable of the common metals and through a knowledge of its use in earlier times that because its casting qualities are unsurpassed. Ac the Sterling Company decided to manufacture cas cording to the late Sir Lawrence Weaver, foremost kets made entirely of hard lead. The caskets now authority on old English leadwork, it was largely being produced by this company consist of only two used for coffins from the early twelfth to the late castings, the body of the casket being a single cast seventeenth century. Such historic figures as the ing and the lid another. Thus the caskets are con Black Prince and Richard II lie buried in lead cas structed of one homogeneous, everlasting material kets. Lead heart-caskets were also highly favored; that has been tested through thousands of years, the heart of Richard Cceur-de-Lion was preserved without soldered or burned joints or bracing that in one for centuries in the Rouen Cathedral in might fail. They are cast in metal molds, giving a France. There are scores of examples of lead more uniform wall thickness and better surface for caskets and heart-caskets used in medieval times. receiving finishes than if they were sand-cast. They Other recognition of lead's permanence is given weigh only 800 pounds, considerably lighter than by its use to fill incised inscriptions in tomb similar bronze caskets. The top is hermetically sealed, stones to render the writing and no leaks developed when imperishable, and by the cus tested under air pressure suf tom of making objects of lead ficient to blow the top off. to be buried with the ancients. Any desired finish may be ap In modern times, lead most widely known in sepul One of the hard lead caskets built to last through the ages plied to these modern exam ples of the casket-maker's art. [3] L IA 2 510 6 A detail of the hard lead cresting, depicting rolling waves, on the roof \ View of the skylight constructed with leadcovered steel glaring bars: also the huge lead fnial and several types of lead cresting N Chicago's fast-deveioping and beautiful lake- O front, dose to the Field Museum of Natural History and Soldiers' Field, now stands the new John G. Shedd Aquarium, the largest aquarium in the world, made possible through the generosity of the late John G. Shedd, Marshall Field and Company's former president. The building is a magnificent and imposing structure, in keeping with its surroundings, and designed by Graham, Anderson, Probst and White, Chicago architects, for permanence. Lead naturally plays an important part in its construction. Built of white Georgia marble, it is literally crowned with lead, which will never stain nor discolor the beau tiful white stone. There are 320 feet of cast hard lead cresting 13 inches high around the edge of the roof and up the ridges of the skylight modelled to represent roll ing waves. This cresting required about 26,000 pounds of lead. Along the ridge-pole of the roof, over the main hall, is 115 feet of cast hard lead cresting three feet high representing sea-shells, weighing in all about 22,000 pounds. The skylight is constructed of lead-sheathed steel glazing bars, which will insure its permanence without attention or maintenance. And crowning the whole is t [41 i i LIA25107 Ilf L a lead finial, a trident with fish and waves at its base, rising 16 feet 2 inches above the top of the skylight and measuring 6 feet 2 inches at its base. This finial is cast of 8.800 pounds of antimonial lead. In addition some 57,000 pounds of hard lead sheet were used for flashing and roofing purposes. In the interior of the building there are literally miles of lead pipe. All of the water used for the various kinds of fish is handled in lead pipe, ranging in size from one-half inch to six inches. All of the valves in this system are lead also. Some appreciation of the size of the John G. Shedd Aquarium may be obtained from the fact that it has a total of 132 exhibition tanks and 87 reserve tanks. There is storage capacity in the building for two mil lion gallons of water. One-half of this is fresh water from Lake Michigan. The other million gallons is pure ocean water brought from Key West, Florida, in 160 railroad tank cars. The Aquarium exhibits both salt water and fresh water fish, some in heated water and others in chilled water. It hopes, eventually, to number among its exhibits specimens from every part of the country as well as from other parts of the world. Another detail of the lead cresting, this one represent ing sea-shells. Lead flashing is also plainly zdsible Detail of the impressive lead finial and leadcovered steel glazing bars used in the skylight; also lead cresting [5] Bxai LIA25108 p -l Lead Pipe's Great Record for New Bedford's Water Supply OME 18,000 lead wa S ter services (130 miles of lead pipe) sup line, but to the inside of the building itself. This is accomplished in ply the citizens of histo a very quick and eco ric New Bedford with nomical manner. Meas water. A few hundred of urements are taken on the these services are the or premises when applica iginal pipes put in the tion is made for a new ground in 1869 when the service. The pipe is cut Water Works was put in to length, and the curb operation. Some of these stop and coupling which first pipes were also made attaches to the corpora of wrought iron, but these tion cock in the main are soon began to fill upw'ith rust and were replaced by lead. Since then only UNDERWOOD & UNDERWOOD, N. Y. A viezu of part of New Bedford, Massachusetts, from the air put in with cup joints in the shop. All that is then necessary in the field is lead pipes have been to dig the trench, attach used, and fully 90 per cent of the lead pipes in the coupling to the corporation cock, uncoil the stalled in this period of sixty-one years are still in flexible lead pipe in the trench, and back fill the operation. .Mr. Stephen H. Taylor, city water de trench. partment superintendent, makes a point which is During the nineteenth century, New Bedford was worth considering by all other cities which have the whaling center of the world, and today the spent much for beautiful and well-paved streets. He public library, Bourne Whaling Museum and says, "In localities where streets are paved with mod Seamen's Bethel are rich in relics of this once ern expensive pavement, the first cost of installing great industry, which at its peak in 1857 employed services is of slight importance as compared with 10,000 men. the expense and inconvenience to the public of dig New Bedford's principal industry has changed to ging up one of these paved streets to repair or re textiles, for it is now the leading textile center of the place a service which has proved defective after a country. There are now 66 mills with 3,382,000 spin few years' us?.'' dles and 58,000 looms in New Bedford. It produces Practically all New Bedford's services are laid from 35 to 40 per cent of all the fine cotton fabrics by the water department, not only to the street made in this country. Nezv Bedford pumping station and intakes on the shore of Little Quittacas Pond Part of a trench exca vation, showing the tap in the main and the lead service pipe being uncoiled [6] Method of soldering sidcivalk stops and couplings for cor poration cocks to lead pipe in the shops of the Nezv Bedford Water Department LIA25109 Two Fine Examples of Homes Painted with Pure White Lead N the two attractive homes pictured here no false I economy was practiced by the use of cheap mate rials which would ultimately mean heavy expendi tures for repairs. This is illustrated by the fact that both houses are painted with pure white lead and oil inside and out. They were designed by Leigh French. Jr., and Phillip Ives, associated architects, of New York. The home on the right is at Wilson Point. South Norwalk. Connecticut, and was painted by John Anderson of Brooklyn. The interesting trend of painting brick houses is exemplified by this illus tration. The other house is at Farmington, Connecticut, and the painting contractor was F. A. Shultz of Farmington. A lead chimney cap is also plainly visible in this photograph. Pure White Lead Averages More Than Six-Year Life on This Seaside Home IND, sun, snow, rain Wand salt air sweeping in from the sea afford a severe Typical of white lead paint jobs is the fact that the paint on this house has never had to test for paint in New Bedford, be scraped or burned off before Mass. Yet in this old New repainting, for the paint has England city there is a house never cracked, peeled, nor on the seashore which is a blistered. After simply dust thriving testimonial to the ing the surface, the old paint economy, beauty and protec was always in excellent condi tive qualities of white lead. tion to receive the new coats, This house, built in the early so that the expense of repaint '90's, has always been painted with pure white lead by the same decorating firm. This New Bedford home has been painted with nothing but pure white lead since 1S94 ing was minimized. And, of course, under these well-pre served coats of paint the ele The table below shows the painting record of this ments have had little chance to attack the building house and reveals that the average period between materials themselves. Samples of the siding were paintings has been'more than six years: recently cut out of the house and found to be in 1S94 i new) three coats of white lead 1900 (repaint) two coats of white lead 1906 (repaint) two coats of white lead i01J ; repaint) two coats of white lead 1920 (repaint) two coats of white lead 1925 (repaint) two coats of white lead perfect condition. All the painting on this house has been done by the Akin-Dennison Company, of New Bedford, through two generations. A 75,000-Volt Submarine Cable Under the Mississippi IGHER and higher voltages are being trans of lead were used in all. This submarine installation H mitted underground by electrical cables on consists of two circuits of three cables each, designed land and under rivers and other bodies of water to transmit 60,000 kva., and is connected up with where the operating conditions to be met are ex approximately forty-two miles of 75,000-volt under tremely exacting. Recently the .Mississippi River at ground cable, consisting of two circuits, three cables St. Louis was spanned under water by a submarine per circuit, seven miles in length. It is single'con- cable carrying 75.000 volts for the use of the Union ductor 750,000 circ.-mil. stranded cable, insulated Electric Light and Power Co. There are now only with 26/32 of paper, one metallized paper tape and two such high-voltage submarine cable installations 9/64 inch of lead. In laying the cable, reels are in the world; the other was made only a short time mounted on a barge which cannot come within previously across the Delaware River. about 200 feet of the shore because of shallow water. In protecting the cable from many destructive Therefore the ends of the cable are carried ashore agencies, lead has been used as one of the principal on floats, as shown, and fastened. Then the barge materials of construction. This latest installation is moved across the river, unreeling the cable into across the Mississippi consists of six one-half mile place until it approaches the opposite shore as lengths of single conductor closely as possible. Here the 750.000 circ.-mill. stranded cable remaining on the reels cable, Type H construction. is unwound and laid on deck, It is insulated with 26/32 in. and is then carried ashore on of paper, one metallized pa floats in the same manner as per tape. 5/32 in. of lead, at the start. jute bedding and No. 4 BWG Samples of these submarine galvanized steel armor with cables tested to failure stood jute over all. The over-all 301,000 volts for many hours. dimension is 3J4 inches, and The cable for this recent in the cable was shipped in teresting submarine installa lengths of 2700 feet, weigh ing 31 tons. About 55 tons Laying high-voltage submarine cable across the Mississippi River at St. Louis tion was supplied by General Cable Corporation. Use of Tetraethyl Lead Growing Rapidly HE use of lead in the manufacture of tetraethyl Tlead, the anti-knock ingredient in Ethyl gasoline, has grown from an insignificant start to appreciable proportions in little more than three years. In 1927 only 300,000,000 gallons of Ethyl gasoline, contain ing 1,300,000 pounds of lead, were sold in the United States. This was but 2.6 per cent of the total gasoline consumption. Last year. 1929, these figures amounted to 1.290,000,000 gallons and 5,900,000 pounds, re spectively, which was 8.0 per cent of the total gaso line consumption. This rapid increase is still appar ent in the first six months of 1930, when 910,000,000 gallons of Ethyl gasoline, containing 4,100,000 pounds of lead were sold. The anti-knock compound is simply an intimate mixture of tetraethyl lead, ethylene dibromide, halowax and red aniline dye. The tetraethyl lead is the ingredient that removes the knock. Ethylene dibro mide prevents the formation of lead oxide and halowax is an extremely efficient lubricant which keeps valves from drying out and sticking. The aniline dye is simply added to distinguish Ethyl from other gasolines. Only about two grams of lead are used in a gallon of gasoline. Some eighty prominent oil companies are now distributing Ethyl gasoline. THE TRIBUNE TOWER IN CHICAGO The graceful lines and permanent beauty of the Tribune Tower on Michigan Boulevard, Chicago, designed by John M. Howells and Raymond M. Hood, associated architects, are preserved with the help of twelve hundred ornamental hard lead spandrels. These spandrels are each 33 in. x 48 ?h. and are stamped from sheet lead weighing four pounds to the square foot, requiring about 50,000 lb. of lead. More over, permanent protection to the building is afforded by the use of lead for flashing and rooting purposes. The Lead Industries Association invites inquiries on any subject relating Cto lead and will be glad to cooperate in the solution of your lead problems. [8] LIA25111 MADISON SQUARE PRESS. NEW Y