Document GKXXQ7QwNQw6grLV2v0R9nbOq

(conoco) Interoffice Communication To Safety Directors From Tom Grumbles Date March 26, 1982 subject OSHA ANPR for Hazard Communication Enclosed is a copy of the proposed labeling standard promulgated March 19. It does not appear to be too burdensome in view of our current practices. However we will be asked to comment, so please review in time for discussion at the industrial hygiene meeting May 12 and 13. \J ctyvt Tom Grumbles TG:pf VVC 000009203 Federal Register f Vol. 47, No. 54 / Friday, March 19, 1962 f Proposed Rules 12119 Container*. Washington. D.C.: Government Notices of Intention To Appear The hearing will be presided over by Printing Office. 1970 and previous yean. 35. Ditcher. David Pm iOeinmann. G.G., and Foster, F.J., National Occupational Hazards Survey--Pilot Study for Development of an Occupational Disease Surveillance Method. Report No. N10SH-75-162/Sponiored by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Department of Environmental Health. Seattle: University of Washington, May 1975. 36. US. Department of Labor. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, 1977, Report 561: Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1976. 37. US. Department of Labor, Supplementary Data System. Subfile on Chemical Injuries and Illnesses, 1976-77. (Computerized Information Retrieval). 36. US. Department of Labor, Assistant Secretary for Policy. Evaluation, and Research. An Interim Report to Congress on Occupational Diseases, 1980. 39. Analysis prepared by U.S. Department of Labor. Assistant Secretary for Policy, Evaluation, and Research. 1072 Survey of Disabled and Nondisabled Adults Ages 2064. SSA/HEW, 1979. 40. Dorothy Rice, et al. "Social and Economic Implications of Cancer in the United States." Paper presented to Expert Committee on Cancer Statistics of the World Health Organization. June 20-28,197a All persons wishing to participate in the public hearings must file a notice of intention to appear, in quadruplicate, on or before May 18,1982 addressed to Mr. Tom Hall, OSHA Division of Consumer Affairs, Docket No. H-022, Room N9835, U.S. Department of Labor, 200 Constitution Avenue, NW,, Washington, D.C. 20210; (202) 528-6024. The notices of intention to appear must contain the following information: (1) The name, address and telephone number of each person to appear; (2) The capacity in which the person will appear (3) The approximate amount of time requested for the presentation; (4) The specific issues that will be addressed; (5) A detailed statement of the position that will be taken on each issue addressed; and (6) Whether the party intends to submit documentary evidence and if so, a brief summary of that evidence. Filing of Testimony and Evidence Before Hearing an Administrative Law Judge who will have ell the powers necessary or appropriate to conduct a full and fair informal hearing as provided in 29 CFR Part 1911, Following the close of the hearing or of any post hearing comment period, the presiding Administrative Law Judge will certify the record to the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occupational Safety and Health. All written and oral submissions, as well as other information gathered by the Agency, will be considered in any action taken. The record of this rulemaking, including written comments and materials submitted in response to this notice and notices of intention to appear at the public hearings, will be available for inspection and copying in the Docket Office, Room S-6212, at the above address, between the hours of 6:15 a.m. and 4:45 pjn. Vm. Authority and Signature This document was prepared untier the direction of Thorne G. Auchter, Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. 41. Council on Environmental Quality, Toxic Substances Strategy Committee. Toxic Chemicals and Public Protection: Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1980. 42. The relationship is extrapolated to entire turnover rates and is based on Any party requesting more than 15 minutes for e presentation at the hearing, or submitting documentary evidence, must provide In advance the complete text of the testimony or documentary evidence to be presented. Department of Labor, 200 Constitution Avenue, NW., Washington, D.C. 20210. Pursuant to sections 6(b) and 8(q) of the Act it is hereby proposed to amend 29 CFR by adding a new 8 1910.1200 as set forth below. evidence in W. Kip Viscusi, Employment Hazards: An Investigation of Market Performance. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1979. 43. Provided by the Federal and Industrial Applications Division. National Fire Data System. VII. Public Participation These texts shall be submitted in quadruplicate to the OSHA Division of Consumer Affairs, at the above address, and must be submitted by June 1,1982. These submissions will be available for inspection and copying at the OSHA Docket Office, Room S6212, at the above address.. (Sec. 6(b). 8(c) and 8(q). Pub. L. 91-598,84 StaL 1593,1599,1600; 29 U.S.C 655.857:29 CFR Part 1911: Secretary of Labor's Order No. 8-76 (41FR 25059)) Signed at Washington, D.C. this 17th day of March 1982. \ Thome G. Auchter, Assistant Secretaryfor OccupationalSafety Interested persona are invited to Each submission received will be andHealth. submit written data, views, and reviewed to ascertain if the amount of arguments on this proposed standard. These comments must be received on or before May 18.1982, and submitted in time requested in the notice of intention to appear is appropriate. In those instances where the information PART 1910--OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS quadruplicate to the Docket Officer, contained in the submission does not It is proposed to amend 29 CFR by Docket H-022, U.S. Department of justify the amount of time requested, a adding a new 8 1910,1200 to read as Labor. Occupational Safety and Health - more appropriate time allocation will be follows: Administration, 200 Constitution Avenue, NW., Room S-6212, made and the participant will be notified of the change. Any party who 8 1910.1200 Hazard communication. Washington. D.C. 20210: (202) 528-7894. has not substantially complied with this (a) Scope and application. (1) This Written submissions must clearly requirement may be limited to a 15 section requires chemical manufacturers 8 identify the provisions of the proposal minute presentation, and may be to assess the hazards of chemicals which are addressed, and the position requested to return for questioning at a which they produce, and all employers taken on each issue. later time. in SIC Codes 20 through 39 (Division D. Under section 6(b)(3) of the Act . OSHA is scheduling public hearings in Conduct of Hearing^ Standard Industrial Classification Manual) to provide information to their several locations to permit interested The hearings will begin at 9:30 aon. employees about the hazardous persons an opportunity to submit oral.. with resolution of any procedural chemicals which they use by means of a testimony concerning the issues raised matters relating to the proceeding. The hazard communication program, labels, by the proposed standard, including the hearings will be conducted in placards, material safety data sheets, economic and environmental impacts. accordance with 29 CFR Part 1921, and information and training. The hearings will begin on June 15,1982, allowing full development of the record t2) This section applies to any in Washington, D.C. A future notice will and permitting all parties to exercise chemical which is known to be present provide hearing dates in other cities. their rights of participation. in the workplace in such a manner that VVC 000009204 12120 Federal Regie. 7, No. 54 / Friday, March 19, 1982 / Proposed Rules employees may be exposed under normal conditions of use or in a foreseeable emergency. (3) Any mixture which is comprise^ at least one (1) percent (by weight or volume) of any chemical determined be hazardous shall also be consider? hazardous for purposes of this sectic. unless the mixture has been evaluated as a whole and the data indicates it is not hazardous. (4) If employee protection necessitates disclosure of chemicals comprising less than one (1) percent (by weight or volume) of a mixture, the Assistant Secretary may lower or eliminate this concentration exemption by a rulemaking notice in the Federal Register. (5) This section does not apply to chemicals being developed and used only in research laboratories. (6) This section does not apply to chemicals which are foods, dnigs, cosmetics or tobacco products intended for personal consumption by employees '"while in the workplace. (b) Definitions. "Assistant Secretary" means the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occupational Safety and Health. U.S. Department of Labor, or designee. "CAS number" means the unique identification number assigned by the Chemical Abstracts Service to chemicals. "Chemical'' means any element, chemical compound or mixture of elements and/or compounds. "Chemical manufacturer'1 is an establishment where chemicals are produced for use or distribution. "Chemical name" is the scientific designation of a chemical In accordance with the nomenclature system developed by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) or the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) rules of nomenclature. "Combustible" means any liquid haing a flashpoint at or above 100* F (37.8* C). Combustible liquids shall be divided into two classes as follows; (i) Class II liquids shall include those with flashpoints at or above 100* F (37.6* C) and below 140* F (60* C) except any mixture having components with flashpoints of 200* F (93J* C) or higher, the volume of which make up 99 percent or more of the total volume of the mixture; (ii) Class IQ liquids shall include those with flashpoints at or above 140* F (60* C). Class IJJ liquids are subdivided into two subclasses: (A) Class QIA liquids shall include those with flashpoints at or above 140* F (60* q and below 200* F (93-3* Q. except any mixture having components with flashpoints of 200* F (93.3* C), or /her, die total volume of which akeup 99 percent or more of the total volume of the mixture: (B) Class DIB liquids shall include those with flashpoints at or above 200* F (93.3* q. This section does not cover Class QIB liquids. Where the term "Class m liquids" is used in this section, it shall mean only Class HIA liquids: (iii) When a combustible liquid is heated for use to within 30* F (16.7* q of III flashpoint, it shall be handled in accordance with die requirements for die next lower data of liquids. - "Common name" means any designation or identification such as code name, code number,- trade name, brand name or generic name used to identify a chemical other than by its chemical n*TTit "Compressed gas" means: (i) A gas or mixture of gases having, in a container, an absolute pressure exceeding 40 psi at 70* F (21.1* C); or (ii) A gas or mixture of gases having. In a container, an absolute pressure exceeding 104 psi at 130* F (54.4* Q regardless of the pressure at 70* F (21.1* Q; or . (iii) A liquid having a vapor pressure exceeding 40 psi at 100* F (37.8* q ee determined by ASTM D-323-72. "Container" means any bag, barrel, bottle, box, can, cylinder, drum, storage tank, reaction vessel or die like that contains a hazardous chemical. For purposes of this section, pipes or piping systems are not considered to be containers. "Designated representative" means any individual or organization to whoin an employee or former employee gives written authorization to exercise such employee's rights under this section. "Director" means the Director, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, or designee. "Emergency" means any occurrence such as, but not limited to, equipment failure, rupture ofcontainers, or failure of control equipment which may or does result in an uncontrolled release of a hazardous chemical into the workplace. "Employee" means a worker who may be exposed under normal operating conditions or foreseeable emergencies to hazardous chemicals in a covered workplace, including, but not limited to production workers, line supervisors, and repair or maintenance personnel Office workers, grounds maintenance personnel security personnel or non resident management are generally not included, unless their fob performance routinely involves potential exposm to hazardous chemicals. "Employer" means an establishment in SIC Codes 29-39 that manufactures or uses hazardous chemicals. "Explosive" a chamtnal that causes a sudden, almost instantaneous release of pressure, gas, and heat when subjected to sudden shock, pressure, or high temperature. "Flammable" means a chemical that falls into one of the following categories: (1) "Aerosol flammable*' means an aerosol that when tested by the method described in 16 CFR 1500.45, yields a flame projection exceeding 18 inches at full valve opening, or a flashback (a flame extending back to the valve) at any degree of valve opening; (ii) "Gas, flammable" means: (A) A gas that, at ambient temperature and pressure, forms a flammable mixture with air at a concentration of thirteen (13) percent by volume or lest: or (B) A gas that, at ambient temperature and pressure, forms a range of' flammable mixtures with air wider than twelve (12) percent by volume, regardless of the lower limit; and (q Gaseous arnwumta; (iii) 'liquid, flammable" means any liquid having a flashpoint below 100* F (37.8* q, except any mixture having components with flashpoints of 100* F (37.8* q or higher, the total of which make up 99 percent or more of the total volume of the mixture. Flammable liquids shall be known as Class I liquids. Class 1 liquids are divided into three classes as follows: (A] Class 1A shall include liquids having flashpoints below 73* F (22.8* C) and having a boiling point below 100* F (37.6* C); (B) Class IB shall indude liquids having flashpoints below 73* F (22.6* C) and having a boiling point at or above 100* F (37.8* C\t and (q Class IC shall include liquids having flashpoints at or above 73* F (223* q and below 100* F (37.8* C); (to) "Solid, flammable" means a solid, other than a blasting agent or explosive as defined in ( 1910.109(a), that is liable to cause fire through friction, absorption of moisture, spontaneous chemical change, or retained heat from manufacturing or processing, or which can be ignited readily and when ignited bums so vigorously and persistently as to create a serious hazard. A chemical shall be considered to be a flammable solid if, when tested by the method described in 16 CFR 1500.44, it ignites and bums with a self-sustained flame at a rate greater than one-tenth of an inch per second along its major axis. "Flashpoint" means the minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off a VVC 000009205 Federal Register / Vol. 47, No. 64 / Friday, March 19. 1982 / Proposed Rules 12121 vapor in sufficient concentration to promotes oombustion In other materials, workplace is labeled, tagged or marked ignite when tested as follows: thereby causing fire either of Itself or with the following information: (i) Tagliabue Closed Tester (see through the release of oxygen or other (1) Identity of the hazardous American National Standard Method of gases. chemicalfs) contained therein; and Test for Flash Point by Tag Closed "Pyrophoric" means a chemical that (U) Hazard warnings. Tester. Zll.24-1979 (ASTM D 56-79)}*for will Ignite spontaneously in air at a (2) When stationary containers in a liquids with a viscosity of less than 45 temperature of 130* F (54.4* C) or below. work area have similar contents and Saybolt Universal Seconds (SUS) at 1<XT "Unstable (reactive)" means a hazards, the employer may poet signs or F (37.8* C), that do not contain chemical which in the pure state, or as placards to convey the required i suspended solids and do not have a . produced or transported, will vigorously information rather than affixing labels tendency to form a surface film under polymerize, decompose, condense, or to each individual container. test; or (U) Pensky-Martens Closed Tester (see American National Standard Method of Test for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Dosed Tester. Zll.7-1979 (ASTM D 9379))-for liquids with a viscosity equal to or greater than 45 SUS at 100* F{37.0* C). or that contain suspended solids, or that have a tendency to form a surface film under test; or (ial) Setaflash Dosed Tester (see American National Standard Method of Test for Flash Point by Setaflash Dosed Tester (ASTM D 3278-76)). will become self-reactive under conditions ofchocks, pressure or temperature. "Use" means handle, react process, package or repackage, or transport "lVater-reactive" means a chemical that reacts with water to release a gaa that Is either flammable or presents a health hazard. "Work area" meant a room or defined space in an establishment where hazardous chemicals are produced or used, and where employed are present "Workplace" means an establishment at one geographical location mntaining (3) The employer shall ensure that each container of hazardous chemicals leaving the workplace Is labeled, tagged or marked with toe following information: (1) Identity of the hazardous chemical(s); (ti) Hazard warnings; and (iii) Name, address and telephone number of the manufacturer. (4) The employer need not affix new labels to compty with this standard if existing labels already convey the necessary information. Note^-- For mixtures, if the remit of any test method described in paragraphs (i)-fld) is above 100* F(37.8* C). evaporate a fresh sample to ninety (00) percent of ths original volume and retest. The lower of the two values shell he taken as the flash point one or more work areas. (c) Hazarddetermination end communication program. (1) Each chemical manufacturer shall evaluate the chemicals produced in his/her (5) The employer is not required to label containers of ten gallons (376 liters) or less in volume, Into which hazardous chemicals are transferred from labeled containers, and which are Organic peroxides, which undergo autoacoelerating thermal decomposition, are excluded from any of the flashpoint determination methods specified above. "Hazardous chemical" means any chemical which Is combustible, a compressed gat, explosive, flammable, a health hazard, an organic peroxide, an oxidizer, pyrophoric, unstable (reactive) or water-reactive. "Hazard waning" means any words, pictures, symbols, or combination thereof which convey the hazards of the chemical^) in the container. "Health hazard" a workplace to determine if they are hazardous. See Appendix B for guidelines. (2) Each employer shall develop and implement a hazard communication program for his/her workplace which at least meets the criteria specified in paragraphs (d), (e), and (f) of tills section for labels and placards, material safety data sheets, and employee information end training, and which includes the. following: (i) The procedures the employer will use to determine the hazards of the chemicals which he/she produces; (ii) A list of the hazardous chemicals intended only for toe immediate use of the employee who performs toe transfer. (e) Material safety data sheets, (l) Each employer snail obtain or develop a material safety data sheet for each hazardous chemical which he/she produces or uses. (2) Each material safety data sheet shall reflect toe information contained in toe sources consulted by the chemical manufacturer in his/her hazard determination under paragraphs (c)(1) and (c)(2) of this section, and shall contain at least the following informati(HU which, upon exposure, may result in the occurrence of acute or chronic health effects in employees. For further explanation,vee Appendix A, Health Hazards, of this section. known to be present in the workplace (using an identity that is referenced on the appropriate material safety data sheet); and (iii) The methods the employer wfl] (i) The chemical and common name(s), CAS Numbers] and the identity used on toe label for all hazardous ingredients which comprise greater than one (1) percent of the Identity" means any chemical or use to inform employees of the hazards chemical (except as provided by common name which is indicated on the of non-routine tasks, for example, repair paragraph fg] of this section on trade material safety data sheet (MSDS) for and maintenance of unlabeled pipes or secrets); the chemical The identity used shall the cleaning of reactor vessels. (U) Physical and chemical J permit cross-references to be made among the required list of hazardous (3) The employer may rely on an characteristics of toe hazardous existing hazard communication program chemical (such as vapor pressure, flash chemicals, die label and the MSDS. to comply with tills section provided point); "Organic peroxide" means an organic that it meets the criteria established in (iii) The physical hazards of the 7 compound that contains the bivalent this paragraph. hazardous chemical, including the -o-o structure and which may be (4) The required list of hazardous potential for fire, explosion, and considered to be a structural derivative chemicals shall be made available to reactivity; of hydrogen peroxide where one or both employees or their designated (iv) Known acute and chronic health of the hydrogen atoms has been replaced by an organic radical. representatives, the Assistant Secretary effects of exposure to toe hazardous and the Director. chemical, including signs and symptoms "Oxidizer" means a chemical other (d) Labels andplacards. (1) *Ibe of exposure, and medical conditions than a blasting agent or explosive as employer shall ensure that each which may be aggravated by exposure defined In 11910.109(e), that initiates or container of hazardous chemicals In tike to toe chemical: VVC 00000^206 12122 ! Federal Register / Vol. 47. No. 54 / Friday, March 19, 1982 / Proposed Rules (v) Hie primary route(s] of entry end permissible exposure limit (for those hazardous chemicals for which OSHA has promulgated a permissible exposure hazardous chemicals In the wggjgligi at the time of their initial edS!gnment and whenever a new hazardous chemical is introduced into their .work limit); _Jfihs (vi) Precautions for safe handling and (lj Information. Employees shall be use, including appropriate hygienic Informed of: practices, procedures for ' (i) The requirements of this regulation; decontaminating equipment prior to (ii) Any operations in the work area performing repairs and maintenance, where hazardous chemicals are present; and procedures for clean-up of leaks or and spills; (ill} The location and availability of (vii) Engineering controls the list of hazardous chemicals and recommended; material safety data sheets required by (viij) Work practices recommended; this section, (ix) Personal protective equipment --\ (2] Training. Employee training shall \ recommended; (x) Emergency and first aid include at least (i) Methods and observations the procedures; employee may use to detect the (xi) The date of preparation of the pretence or release of a hazardous material safety data sheet or the last chemical in the workplace; change to it; and (ii) The hazards of the chemicals in (xii) The name, address and telephone tire workplace; number of the manufacturer preparing (iii) The measures employees can take file sheet. (3) If no information is found for any given category on the material safety data sheet, the employer shall mark it to to protect themselves from the hazards; and (iv) The details of the hazard communication program developed by indicate no information was found. Blank spaces on existing material safety data sheets will be considered to the employer and how employees can obtain and use the appropriate hazard information. indicate that information was sought but not found. It is the chemical manufacturer's responsibility to ensure that this interpretation is accurate. As (g) Trade secrets. (1) An employer may withhold the precise chemical name of a chemical if: (1) The employer can substantiate that the MSDSs are updated, the blanks shall be marked as required. (4} If the employer becomes aware of it is a trade secret; (ii) The chemical is not a carcinogen, mutagen, teratogen, or a cause of any information which is both new and significant irreversible damage to significant regarding the health hazard human organs or body systems for of e chemical, this shall be added to the which there is a need to know the materiel safety data sheet within a precise chemical name; reasonable period of time. (5) Chemical manufacturers shall ensure that manufacturing purchasers of (tii) The chemical la identified by a generic chemical classification which would provide useful information to a hazardous chemicals are provided an health professional; appropriate material safety data sheet (iv) All other information on the with their initial shipment, and with the properties and effects of the chemical first shipment after a material safety required by this section is contained in data Bheet is updated. If the material safety data sheet is not provided with the shipment, the purchasing the material safety data sheet; (v) Hte material safety data sheet indicates which category of information manufacturing employer shall obtain one from the chemical manufacturer as soon as possible. is being withheld on trade secret grounds; and (vi) In any event, the withheld (6) The employer shall maintain Information is provided on a copies of the required material safety confidential basis to a treating physician data sheets for each hazardous chemical who states in writing (except in an in the workplace, and shall ensure that they are readily accessible. (7) Material safety data sheets for the hazardous chemicals they are exposed emergency situation) that a patient's health problems may be the result of occupational exposure. A statement to this effect with the name of the to shall be made available to employees manufacturer and an emergency and their designated representative, and telephone number shell be included in upon request, to the Assistant Secretary the material safety data sheet and the Director. (2) To the extent that names of trade --^ (f) Employee information and training. secret chemicals are disclosed, the The employer shall provide employees employer may condition employee, with information and training on designated representative, and downstream employer access to such information upon acceptance of a reasonable confidentiality agreement Hu agreement may restrict use of the information to health purposes, prohibit disclosure of the information to anyone other than a treating physician without the consent of the originating employer, end provide for compensation or other legally appropriate relief for any competitive harm which results from a breach of the agreement (h) Effective dates. Employers shall be In compliance with this section within the following time periods: Dweteysr iMtesr at snptefMS OSHlcS msnufaduw* WoraSwiSSO______ Fsxsr SWISS______ Otwenptoym_______ hnssssm MMras tymn. SH yean, s ymn. 3Vi ymn. Appendix A--Health Hazards Although safety hazards relsted to the physical characteristics of a chemical can be objectively defined In terms of testing requirements (eg. flammability), health hazard definitions are less precise and more subjective. Health hazards may cause measurable changes in the body--such as decreased pulmonary function. These changes are generally indicated by the occurrence of signs end symptoms in the exposed employees--such as shortness of breath, a non-measurable, subjective feeling. Employees exposed to such hazards should be apprised of both tbs change in body function and the signs and symptoms that may occur to signal that change. The determination of occupational health hazards Is complicated by the fact that many of the effects or signs and symptoms occur oommonly in nonoccupationally exposed populations, so that effects of exposure are . difficult to separate from normally occurring illnesses. Occasionally, a substance causes an effect that Is rarely seen in the population at large, such as angiosarcomas caused by vinyl chloride exposure, thus making it easier to ascertain that the occupational exposure was the primary causative factor. More often, however, the effects are common, such as lung cancer. The situation is further complicated by the fact that most chemicals have not been adequately tested to determine their health hazard potential, and data does not exist to substantiate these effects. There have been many attempts to categorize effects and to define them in various ways. Generally, the terms "acute" and "chronic" are used to delicate between affects on the basis of severity or duration. . "Acute" effects usually occur rapidly as a result of short-term exposures, are of short duration, and generally reversible. "Chronic'1 effects occur as e result of long-term exposure, are of long duration, and may be irreversible. Neither of these terms gives VVC 000009207 Federal Register f Vol. 47, No. 54 f Friday, March 19, 1982 f Proposed Rales 12123 sufficient guidance to those attempting to define a health hazard. The acute effect* referred to most frequently ere those defined by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standard for Precautionary Labeling of Hazardous Industrial Chemicals (Z129.1-1976)-- imtation, corrosivity, sensitization and lethal dose. Although these are important health effects, they do not adequately cover the considerable range of acute effects which mey occur as a result of occupational exposure, such as, for example, narcosis. Similarly, the term chronic effect is often used to cover only carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, and mutagenicity. These effects are obviously a concern in the workpiece, but again, do not adequately cover the area of chronic effects, excluding, for example blood dyscrasias (anemia). Although the goal of defining precisely, In measurable terms, every possible health effect that may occur In foe workplace as a result of chemical exposures cannot realistically be accomplished, this does not negate foe need for employees to be protected from such effects when they are known, and to be informed of all types of health hazards. Consequently, in assessing foe health hazard potential of a chemical for purposes of compliance with this standard, the employer shall consider the scientifically well-established evidence of any type of health effect which may occur in any body system of his/her employees. Some sources of information which foe employer may wish to consult in conducting foe hazard evaluation are listed in Appendix B. The following is a target organ categorization of effects which may occur, Including examples of signs and symptoms and chemical* which have been found to cause such effects. These examples are presented to illustrate foe range and diversity of effects and hazards found in foe workplace, and foe broad scope employers must consider in this area, but are not Intended to be all-inclusive. 1. Hepatotoxic agents: Chemicals which produce liver damage. Signs ft Symptoms: jaundice; hepatitis. Chemicals: Carbon tetachloride; nitresamines. 2. Nephrotoxic agents: Chemicals which produce kidney damage. Signs & Symptons: Decreased elimination of wastes. Chemicals: Halogenated hydrocarbons; uranium. S. Neurotoxic agents: Chemicals which produce their primary toxic effects on the nervous system. Signs k Symptons: Narcosis; behavioral changes; decrease in motor functions. Chemicals: Mercury; carbon disulfide. 4. Agents which act on foe blood or hematopoietic system: Lower blood pressure; deprive foe bodytissues of oxygen. Signs ft Symptons: Leukemia; anemia. Chemicals: Carbon monoxide: cyanides. 5. Agents which damage foe lung; Chemicals which irritate or damage foe pulmonary tiasue. Signs ft Symptons: Cough; tightness in chest; fibrosis. Chemicals: Silica; asbestos. S. Reproductive toxins: Chemicals which affect foe reproductive capabilities including chromosomal damage (mutations) and effects on fetuses (teratogenesis). Signs ft Symptons: Birth defects; sterility. Chemicals: Lead; DBCP. 7. Cutaneous hazards: QimwImIi which affect foe dermal layer of foe body. Signs A Symptons: Defatting of foe skim rashes; irritation. Chemicals: Ketones; chlorinated compounds. 8. Eye hazards: Chemicals which affect the eye or visual capacity. Signs ft Symptons: Conjunctivitis; corneal damage. Chemicals: Organic solvents; adds. Appendix B--Hazard Datscmination Guidelines ^ The quality of a hazard communication program is largely dependent upon foe adequacy and accuracy of the hazard determination. The hazard determination requirement is performance-oriented Chemical manufactures are not required to follow any specific methods foe determining hazards, but it is incumbent upon them to demonstrate that they have adequately ascertained foe scientifically well-established hazards of the chemicals produced This Appendix Is intended to provide employers, who may desire to use it, with a list of some basic sources of reference for foe hazards of chemicals. Sources Any information employers have In their own company files such as toxidty testing results or illness experience of ""p"y employees. Any information obtained from foe supplier of foe chemical, such as material safety data sheets or product safety bulletins. Any information obtained from foe following source list (latest editions should be used): Condensed Chemical Dictionary, by A. and E. Rose Reinhold Publishing Corporation. 450 West 33rd Street, New York, NY 10001 The Merck Index; An Encyclopedia of Chemicals andDrugs Merck and Company. Inc* 129 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, N] 07065 1ARCMonographs on the Evaluation ofthe Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer. 1972-1077 (Multivolume work) American IndustrialHygiene Association Hygienic Guides American Industrial Hygiene Association, 66 South Miller Road, Akron, OH 44313 Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, by FA. Patty John Wiley ft Sons, Inc* New York, NY (Five volumes) Toxicology: The Basic Science ofPoisons, by Louis /. Cosarett andJohn Douil Macmillan Publishing Co* Inc* New York NY Industrial Toxicology, by Alice Hamilton and Harriet L Hardy Publishing Sciences Group, Inc* Acton. MA Toxicology ofthe Eye. by W. Morton Grant Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, MO Handbook of Chemistry and Physics Chemical Rubber Company. 18901 Craswood Parkway, Cleveland OH 44126 Threshold Limit Values for Chemical ' Substances and PhysicalAgents in the Workroom Environment with Intended Changes American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. 1014 Broadway, Cincinnati. OH 45202 Dangerous Properties ofIndustrialMaterials, byN. Irving Sax Reinhold Publishing Corporation. 450 West 33rd Street, New York. NY 10001 Note.--The following documents are on sale by foe Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 OccupationalHealth Guidelines NIOSH/OSHA (Available Fall 1961). NIOSH/OSHA Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards NIOSH Pub. No. 7B-210 Registry of Toxic Effects ofChemical Substances U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Pubic Health Service. Center for Disease Control. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health The IndustrialEnvironment--Its Evaluation and Control U.8. Department of Health and Human Services. Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Miscellaneous Documents--National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health 1. Criteria for a recommended standard Occupational Exposure to M----------- " 2. Special Hazard Reviews 3. Occupational Hazard Assessment 4. Current Intelligence Bulletins Bibliographic Data Bases Santos prmMar BWoqrsohfc nsweei Santos* (BRS). Corporation Park, BU0. 70S. SeeW. Nsw Vo* 12302. LocfchSSd-OALOG. Idckhsad MtosSss 4 Spare Company, Inc* P.O. Box 44*41, San Fcsnctooo. CA 94144. AGRtCOUL BiOSIS PREVIEWS. CA CONDENSATES CA SEARCH QRUGINFO. MEDLARS MEOOC. NTIS. POLLUTION ABSTRACTS SCIENCE CITATION MOEX. asm. AGRICOLA. BtOSJS PREV. 1972-PRESENT. EMOSJS PREV. 1869-71. CA CONDENSATES 1970-71. CA SEARCH 1972-76. CA SEARCH 1977-PRESENT. CHEMNAME. CONFERENCE PAPERS SEJEX. FOOO SCIENCE 6 TECH ABSTR. FOODS ADUBRA. MTL. PHARMACEUTICAL ABSTR. wns. POLLUTION ABSTRACTS. SCISEARCH 1978-PRESe<r. SOSEARCH 1974-77, SSIE CURRENT RESEARCH vve 000009208 12124 Federal Register / Vol. 47, No. 54 / Friday, March 19. 1982 / Proposed Rules Bibliographic Data Base Continued SmntM provider f-* noma oc-orkt, soc C--ran Service. IMpartmant No. 2230. Paaadana. CA 01051. Qwmtoa) Mormnion Oyatam (CIS). ChermcaJ tutormatton SytMno. Inc.. 721S York Road, BaMmora, MO 21212. National Ltwry ol MMKane. Oapaitinant tfHWWirtHwmfi Sarvtoas. PAie HhM> Sarnie*. National InaMuiaa of HaaWt. Sathaada. MD 20200. AQRCOLA. SX3COOES. 6K3SIS/B106S73. CAS6771 /CAS727B. CAS77. CMEMDEX. CONFERENCE. ENVWOUNE. LABOROOQ. KTlS. POLLUTION. SSIE Svucfcm and Nemandauo Saarcft Syatem. Acuta Toncity (RTECS). Conaumar Products ChantfcMa. Of and Haantoua Mater**. Tontootcpy Data Bank (TD0). MEOUNE. TOXUNE. CANCERUT. 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