Document GKXOxLZNKmxORrENYdYR44kxm

PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT RESPIRATOR SELECTION V-l (5/81 To assist in respirator selection, this section includes: 1. Chapter 6 of NIQSH's "A Guide To Industrial Respiratory Protection". This chapter introduces basic considerations for establishing respirator use. In addition, several examples of respirator selec tion using the OSHA/NIOSH Respirator Decision Logic are explained, n 2. Joint OSHA/NIOSH Respirator Decision Logic, Appendix F of NIQSH's "A Guide to Industrial Respiratory Protection". The OSHA/NIOSH Respirator Decision Logic is a step-by-step process of selecting respirators. It was developed as a mechanism for establishing respirator requirements for individual OSHA health standards. It sets a number of conventions including conservative protection factors. Compliance is not required by law. 3. Several tables from ANSI 288.2 (1980). The Table of Respirator Protection Factors, in combination with the OSHA/NIOSH Respirator Decision Logic, can guide respirator selection. (See Appendix C of this manual.) 4. Several references related to respirator cartridge efficiency. The following references are not included in this guide, but can also provide additional information. Each guide user may want to have the following routinely-used references. 1. NIOSH Certified Equipment List ; , This manual lists those respirators tested and certified by NIOSH. The latest issue is dated June 1, 1980. The manual is updated approximately annually. The next issue is due In the last quarter of 1981. Contact the Testing and Certifica tion Branch (304/599-7331) for information on certified,, products that are not listed in this publication. (The' publication does not list any devices formerly approved by the Bureau of Mines.). 2. OSHA Standards 1910 (Asbestos, 1910; Vinyl Chloride, 1910; Lead 1910) These specific health standards define respirator selection requirements. 3. The AIHA, "Respiratory Protection, A Manual and Guideline" 4. OSHA/NIOSH "Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards", NIOSH Pub. No. 78-210 This reference recommends respirator types for substances found in 29 CFR 1910.1000 Tables Z-l, Z-2, and Z-3 as of 1977. Ir> addition, it quotes IDLH levels for these same substances. HUT - 082638 ANA-06018 j | i , ' ! i j ; i f i ] \ j I j JI 1 1 > , i j i SMISC00003961 Va-T (5/81) i RESPIRATOR SELECTION I OSHA STANDARDS OSHA 1910.134 states that respirators shall be selected on the basis of the hazards to which workers I used in the Joint NIOSH arid OSHA Standard* Completion Program. You should review the Decision Isigic when considering respirator selection liccause it incorporates are exptised and that ANSI 288.2-1969 shall be used for guidance in their selection. OSHA also requires that approved or accepted respirators he used when available. For certain respiratory hazards, specific instructions about respirator use are given in other OSHA regulations. The trend seems to be toward regulations that specify the conditions of respirator use for each task. OSHA 1910.134 is then consulted for general instructions. Regardless of the regulations, respirators must be selected with the en vironment in which they will be used in mind. To do so requires certain basic information, so one should always ask the following questions before selecting a respirator. 1. What is the estimated contaminant concentra tion where the respirator will be used? 2. What is the permissible exposure limit to the contaminant? 3. Is the contaminant a gas, vapor, mist, dust, or fume? 4. Could the contaminant concentration be term ed immediately hazardous to life or health? 5. If the contaminant is flammable, does the es timated concentration approach the lower explosive limit? 6. Does the contaminant have adequate warning properties? 7. Will the contaminant irritate the eyes at the es timated concentration? 8. If the contaminant is a gas or vapor, is there an available sorbent that traps it efficiently? 9. Can the contaminant be absorbed through the skin as a vapor or liquid? If so, will it cause serious injury? The answers to these questions can provide enough information for choosing a respirator for routine use. There is nothing strange or unique about these questions. They represent the factors that a good industrial hygiene program would incor porate for respirator selection or any other type of control and form the basis for the Respirator Deci-: sion Logic (incorporated verbatim as Appendix F) the above questions in an orderly sequence H\ following this logic, von will hr able to chon-.r a respirator that is satisfactory for the situ.-ition ui hand and be assured that you have not overlooked any important factor. The Decision l>tgic is being used (in I97M in development of detailed work practices for the material listed in 29CFR Part 1910.1000. Tallies 1. 2. and 3. It will he useful In vuu in developing your own respirator program until standards are listed for the particular materials in which you are interested Heforo proeeding to examples of how to iw (he I leci sion l/igio. we would like to point out tour criteria ol particular interest. When respirators are used for protection against gases and vapor, it is commonly recommended that cartridges he changed when the wearer smells the vapor. This indicates that there must be some smell or irritation tonlert the wearer. Section IV H of the Decision Logic states that a sultstance should be considered to have w-arning pnqierties if the odor or irritation threshold is not more then three times the exposure limit, and there is nnceiling limit. Consideration is given tu whether undetected exposure in this concentration range could cause serious or irreversible health effects. If not. the substance is considered to have adequate warning properties.' Section IV C states that where there is sup|>oriiiig evidence of vapor breakthrough in less than three minutes at concentrations immediately dangerous to life or health or below', a cartridge or canister sorbent air purifying device should not be allowed for any use. The principal sources of information on sorbent efficiencies are Lawrence Livermore Laboratory and 30 CFR-11 on certain specific materials on which cartridge tests are run. Users should be alert to any future information on sor bent efficiency, as it will definitely affect choice of air purifying respirators. {"A Guide to Respiratory Protection", NI , June 1976) HUT - 082639 j | j | [ , i ' 1 j t 1 I , i I I ! ' i j [ ANA-06019 SMISC00003962 In ihe NIOSH Derision Logic, emergency use is mentioned under respirator protection factors. RESPIRATOR PROTECTION FACTORS Va-2 (5/81 } so the respirator must lit- properly maintained. Other limitations ol various'tvpes of respirator dis cussed in Chapter Eight must also he considered in applying protection (actors. Definition EXAMPLES OF RESPIRATOR SELFXTION The respirator protection factor indicates how much protection a respirator provides. It is the ratio of the contaminant concentrations outside and in side the respirator. Determination of the protection factor requires quantitative.performance tests of the respirator worn in a test atmosphere during exercise simulating motions made by workers, or worn by workers carrying out tasks in contaminated work areas (see Chapter fi). Assignment Much research has been done recently on assign ing protect ion factors to various types of respirators. Table 6-1. reproduced verbatim from the LASL protection factor document, lists assigned respirator protection factors resulting from this research. When using Table 6-1. pay strict attention to its footnotes as they are essential in interpreting the table and assist in application of protection factors. The protection factors listed in the Decision Logic are taken from Table (> I. Application To apply an assigned protection factor for a par ticular type of respirator, one must know both the actual mntaminant concentration in the work area and the established time-weighted average concen tration. Multiplying the time-weighted average con centration by the respirator protection factor gives the maximum concentration of the contaminant against which the particular type of respirator may be used. If the actual concentration is less than the calculated maximum use concentration, the respirator may be used. In describing use of protection factors in respirator selection, it is assumed that a complete respirator program is in force. A protection factor is not applicable if the wearer cannot satisfactorily seal the respirator to his face or head. Anything such as facial hair or spectacles that prevents satisfactory sealing of a respirator nullifies application of a respirator protection factor. A protection factor can be used only .1 the respirator is in good operating condition. The following are hypothetical hut typical ex amples of the respirator selection process. They should not be used as cookbook models, hut as guides to the rationale for selecting particular respirators, and, equally important. to the industrial hygiene aspects of the hazards. In these examples, we assume that regular use of respirators is |H-rmissi- hie. 1. A muller operator in a foundry complains of dust in the air, and the superintendent supplies him a single-use. disposable respirator. The steward tells the superintendent that this is a violation of the OSHA Regulations bs the particular respirator Hoes not have NIOSH and MESA approval. Who is right, and what should he done? Answer: Nothing bans the sale or uae of unapproved devices in areas where respirators are not required. Before deciding about use of this respirator, we need information about the dust concentration in I he air. Samples were taken in the muller's hrealhing gone, and the dust concentration was found to lu- > mg/mn . The amount of crystalline silicH (i|mirl7.) in the dust was 48'N. The permissible quart / dust cx pnsurc limit in such conditions is I ..ri mg/m'1 . Now refer to Section II of the Respirator Decision 1/igic. Appendix F. Because the material is a par ticulate. statements 2, 4. and 6 are not pertinent. As to the other statements: 3) Silica is not known to be an eye irritant, 5) the IDLH concentration is far above the S-mg/m"1 dust level found in this cose, and 7| to date, there is no evidence of injury from silica through skin absorption. As the material is a par ticulate, we can proceed to Section III B, the specific decision logic chart for respiratory protect ion against particulates. The restrictions under Routine Use do not apply, so we can proceed to Appendix 1. Section A, "Protection Factors for Particulate Filter Respirators." As the dust concentration is less than five times the permissible limit, we CBn choose any respirator from this list. A single-use respirator with a protection factor of.* or a half-mask respirator with a protection factor of 10 probably would be chosen. 2. A woman doing silk screening without any local exhaust ventilation complained of headaches and nausea from the vapors and fumes. She was given a dust respirator customarily used by a sandblaster's helper. (Obviously a dust respirator for use against HUT - 082640 ANA-06020 SMISC00003963 Va-3 (5/81) 1 The overtll protection afforded by a given respirator design (and mode of operation) may be defined in terms of its protection factor (PF). Tbe PF is a measure of the degree of protection afforded by a respirator, defined as the tatio of the concentration of contaminant in the ambient atmosphere to that inside the enclosure (usually inside the facepiece) und{r condi tions of use. Respirators should be selected so that the concentration inhaled by the wearer will not exceed the appropriate limit. The recommended respirator PF's are selection and use guides, and should only be used when the employer has established a minima! acceptable respirator program as defined in Section 5 of the ANSI 288.2-1969 Standard. ' J!n addition to facepieces, this includes any type of enclosure or covering of the wearer's breathing zone, such as supplied-air hoods helmets, or suits. `includes dusts, mists, and fumes only. Does not apply when gases or vapors are absorbed on particulates and may be volatilized or for particulates volatile at room temperature. Example: Coke ovenemissions. 4 Anysingle-usedust respirator (with or without valve) not specifically tested against a specified contaminant. * Single-use dust respiraron have been tested against asbestos and cotton dust and could be assigned a PF of 10 for these particulates. `Dust filter refers to a dust respirator approved by the silica dust test, and includes all types of media, that is. both nondegradable mechanical type media and degradable resin-impreg nated wool felt or combination wool-synthetic felt media. 'Fume filter refers to a fume respirator approved by the lead fume test. All types of media are included. * High-efficiency filter refers to a bigh-efficiency particulate respirator. The filter must be at least 99.97% efficient against 0.3 pm DOP to be approved. '[ *To be assigned, based on dust or fume filter efficiency for specific contaminant. nFor gases and vapors, a PF should only be assigned when published test data indicate the cartridge or canister has adequate sorbent efficiency and service life for a specific gas or vapor. In addition, the PF should not be applied in gas or vapor concentrations' that arc: 1) immediately dangerous to life, 2) above the lower explosive limit, and 3) cause eye irritation when using a half-mask. 11A positive pressure supplied-air respirator equipped with a half-mask facepiece may not be as stable on the face as a full facepiece. Therefore, the PF recommended is half that for a Similar device equipped with a full facepiece. i 11A positive pressure supplied-air respirator equipped with a full facepiece' provides eye protection but is not approved for use .in atmospheres immediately dangerous to life. It is recognized that the facepiece leakage, when a positive pressure is maintained, should be the same as an SCBA operated in the positive pressure mode. However, to emphasize that it basically is not for emergency use, the PF is limited to 2,000. j i! i I1 j HUT-082641 I ANA-06021 , I I I ^ I j i j . I | I | | j I | i | SMISC00003964 I fan be used. If this is impossible, the only recourse is to provide the helper the same protection as the sandblaster. Remember. the air supply sysU'in must meet the requirements for Grade D or better compressed air. The point illustrated in this example is that it is not enough to abide only by the requirements of 29 CFR Part 1910.1.14 which is concerned with general use of respirators. There are other requirements within the OSHA regulations which may also affect respirator selection and use. Csv >l the Decision Logic was not mentioned in this example. The regulations requiring use of a supplied air hood were made before assembly of the Decision laigic. You will note that the Decision l/ogic Protection Factor Table lists a PF of 2tKiO lor the supplied air hood. Considering (he unknown roncentrat ion of silica dust to which the sandblaster ran he excised, the protection required is consistent with i he Decision txtgic. 4. A man assigned to clean a large degreaser must occasionally go into the degreaser pit. He complains that the odor of trichloroethylene (trichlor) is so strong that it comes through his respirator cartridges after only a short time. Should he be assigned another type of respirator? Answer: The fact that the worker complains about the short lifetime of the sorbent cartridges warns that the trichlor concentrations may be high. This brings up the dual hazards of toxicity and ox ygen deficiency. Degreaser pits are places where vapors may collect and. unless ventilated, actually reduce the oxygen below safe levels. Unless the pit is ventilated to prevent oxygen depletion, a positive pressure SCBA must be used. If the pit is ventilated, it will not be necessary to wear a respirator if tests show that the trichlor concentration is below the ex posure limit and that the oxygen has not been depleted. Again, the Decision Logic Section III A shows that for entry and escape from unknown concentrations the only type of device that can be used is positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus. 1. A flagman for an aerial crop duster using Phosririn dusl is supplied a single-use disposable dust respirator. Is this adequate? Answer: Several points listed in the Decision Logic flow chart are pertinent here. Pesticides such as Phosdrin are noted for their ability to kill by ahsorhtion through the skin. The single-use respirator certainly does not provide complete skin protection. In such rases, protective clothing is as important as a proper respirator. The pesticide is mixed with the dusl; however, some of it may vaporize from dust. This is one reason Va-4 (5/81 ) why the only respirators approved for pesticide umhave organic chrcoal in back of the dust filter. The Phosdrin concentration to which the flagman is exposed is not stated. Before!a respirator can lie assigned, we must know the approximate concent ra tion expected. If the concent ration cannot he es timated. the flagman will have to Ub provided with a self-contained breathing apparatus. 6. Hydrocyanic acid is used in a fumigation chamber. By state regulation, a full-face respirator or gas mask with a hydrocyanic acid canister is re quired. Is such protection satisfactory? Answer: To decide whether the respirator is ade quate. one must have some knowledge of the toxicity and potential concentration of the hydrocyanic arid The Tl.V for hydrocyanic acid is listed as 10 ppm. with a warning that skin absorption is a problem. Regardless of the respiratory' protection provided, there must be some protection for the skin in such un atmosphere. A review of the toxicity of hydrocyanic acid will show that a concentration of 270 ppm is immediately fatal and roncentratioas of 110 ppm are fatal within half an hour. Concentrations of hydrocyanic acid in fumigation chambers usually :exceed )' <IO.(KKt ppm). The full-face gas mask is accorded a protec tion factor of only 50 in Table 6-1. Therefore, it would not be useful in concentrations above MVi ppm. Such a mask would not be satisfactory in this case. The Decision Logic offers a quicker solution. Section III A notes that when the contaminant con centration exceeds that immediately dangerous to life or health, only positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus is acceptable respiratory protection. 7. A salvage company is to demolish a large openframework steel structure built in 1910 in a southern city. The job will require extensive use of cutting torches. Will respirators be required, and if so. of what type? Answer: Respirators definitely must be used. As the structure was built in 1910. it undoubtedly has many mats of lead-base paint, which when heated by the cutting torches will create a severe airborne lead problem. Therefore a respirator appmved for protection against metal fumes can be used. Whether this will be a quarter- or half-mask or fullfacepiece respirator can be determined only after air samples are taken in the wearers' breathing zones. Because this is an outdoor operation, the concen trations will vary widely. However, similar operations hsve shown that concentrations of 2 mg/m'1 are not unusual. Considering the low protec tion factors for air-purifying respirators, the high temperatures in this climate, and the added heat I i i ! I I I HUT - 082642 ANA-06022 SMISC00003965 I Vb-1 (5/81 ) JOINT NIOSH/OSHA STANDARDS COMPLETION PROGRAM RESPIRATOR DECISION LOGIC IB AUGUST 1975 I. INTRODUCTION THE PURPOSE OF THE RESPIRATOR DECISION LOGIC IS TO ASSURE TECHNICAL ACCURACT AND UNIFOWUTY BETWEEN SUBSTANCES IN THE SELECTION OF RESPIRATORS AND TO PROVIDE NECESSART CRITERIA TO SUPPORT THIS SELECTION, THE DECISION LOGIC IS A STEP-BY-STEP ELIMINATION OF INAPPROPRIATE RESPIRATORS UNTIL ONLY THOSE WHICH ARE ACCEPTABLE REMAIN. JUDGEMENT BY PERSONS KNOWLEDGEABLE OF INHALATION HAZARDS AND RESPIRATORY PROTECTION EQUIPMENT IS ESSENTIAL TO ENSURE APPROPRIATE SELECTION OF RESPIRATORS. THE PRIMARY TECHNICAL CRITERIA FOR WHAT CONSTITUTES A PERMISSIBLE I ' RESPIRATOR IS BASED ON THE TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS OF 30 CFR PART II| , (DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR. BUREAU OF MINES, RESPIRATORY PROTECTIVE " DEVICES AND TESTS FOR PEWISS1BILITY). THE PROPOSED SUBSTANCE HEALTH STANDARDS WILL ALLOW ONLY RESPIRATORS APPROVED BY THE BUREAU OF MINES (OR MINING ENFORCEMENT AND SAFETY ADMINISTRATION (MESA)) AND NIOSH UNDER 30 CFR 11. PROTECTION FACTORS ARE CRITERIA USED IN DETERMINING WHAT LIMITING CONCENTRATIONS ARE TO BE PEFWITTED FOR EACH RESPIRATOR TYPE THAT WILL AFFORD ADEQUATE PROTECTION TO THE WEARER. THE REFERENCED SUBPARTS OF 30 CFR 11 61 YE TECHNICAL DESCRIPTIONS CONCERNING EACH TYPE OR CUSS OF RESPIRATORS REFERENCED IN THE DECISION LOGIC. 30 CFR 11 SHOULD BE USED WITH THE DECISION LOGIC IN ORDER TO PROPERLY UNDERSTAND THE CRITERIA FOR THE SPECIFICATION OF ALLOWABLE RESPIRATORS. I I II. GENERAL DECISION LOGIC FLOWCHART 1 STEP 1 - ASSEMBLE INFORMATION OH SUBSTANCE ASSEMBLE NECESSARY TOXICOLOGICAL SAFETY, AND RESEARCH INFORMATION FOR THE PARTICUUR CONTAMINANT. TYPICALLY THE FOLLOWING ARE REQUIRED: 1) PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMITS SPECIFIED IN 29 CFR 1910.1000 (TABLES Z-l. Z-2, AND Z-3). THESE ARE THE FOWER 29 CFR 1910.93 TABLES. 2) WARNING PROPERTIES IF THE SUBSTANCE IS A GAS OR A VAPOR. REFER TO PART 1V(B) OF THIS LOGIC. i, 3) EYE IRRITATION POTENTIAL OF THE SUBSTANCE. REFER TO PART 1Y(D) OF THIS LOGIC. 4) IFL (LOWER FLAMMABLE LIMIT) FOR THE SUBSTANCE. REFER TO PART IV(F) OF THIS LOGIC. 5) IDLK CONCENTRATION FOR THE SUBSTANCE. REFER TO PART IV(E) OF THIS LOGIC. 6) POSSIBILITY OF POOR SORBENT ETFICIENCV AT IDLH CONCENTRATION AND BELOW. REFER TO PART !Y(C) OF THIS LOGIC. HUT - 082643 ANA-06023 Vb-2 (5/8)) 7) AMT EVIDENCE OF POSSIBLE SYSTEMIC INJURY OR OEATH RESULTING FROM ABSORBANCE OF THE SUBSTANCE (AS A GAS OR VAPOR) THROUGH THE SKIN. REFER TO PART IV(A) OF THIS LOGIC. 8) THE VAPOR PRESSURE OF THE SUBSTANCE (ANO EQUIVALENT PPH). STEP 2 - DETERMINE PHYSICAL STATE OF SUB5TANCE , DETEFW1NE THE PHYSICAL STATE(S) OF THE SUBSTANCE AS IT IS LIKELY TO BE ENCOUNTERED IN THE OCCUPATIONAL ENVIROWENT. IT HILL 8E EITHER: . A) GAS OR VAPOR. B) PARTICULATE (DUST, FUME OR HIST), OR , C) COMBINATION OF (A) AND (B). STEP 3 - ASSEMBLE A TABLE OF PERMISSIBLE RESPIRATORY PROTECTION FOR SUBSTANCE \ THIS IS DONE USING THE MATERIAL FR<H STEP 1 AND THE APPROPRIATE SPECIFIC DECISION LOGIC CHART FROM PART III OF THE LOGIC ANO THE RESPIRATOR; PROTECTION FACTORS IN APPENDIX 1. III.A. SPECIFIC DECISION LOGIC CHART FOR RESPIRATORY PROTECTION AGAINST CASES OR VAMR5--------------- CONDITION saECTION SEQUENCE ROUTINE USE A) CONSIDER SKIN SORPTION - (SEE IV A). B) POOR WARNING PROPERTIES - ELIMINATE ALL AIR PURIFYING RESPIRATORS (SEE IV B). C) EYE IRRITATION - ELIMINATE OR RESTRICT USE OF HALF MASK RESPIRATOR (SEE IV D). , 0) IOLH OR LFL - ABOVE THIS CONCENTRATION ELIMINATE ALL BUT POSITIVE PRESSURE SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS AND COMBINATION POSITIVE PRESSURE SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS (SEE IV E AND F). F) LIST ALL ALLOWED RESPIRATORS BV CONDITION OF USE AND TYPE. ENTRY ANO ESCAPE FROM UNKNOWN CONCENTRATIONS USE POSITIVE PRESSURE SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS OR COMBINATION POSITIVE PRESSURE SUPPLIEO AIR RESPIRATOR WITH POSITIVE PRESSURE SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS. FIREFIGHTING USE POSITIVE PRESSURE SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS. ESCAPE GAS MASK OR ESCAPE SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS (SEE IV C). III.B. SPECIFIC DECISION LOGIC CHART FOR RESPIRATORY PBOTfETlON AGAINSt PARTICULATES CONDITION SaECTION SEQUENCE ROUTINE USE A) CONSIDER SKIN SORPTION - (SEE IV A). B) EYE IRRITATION - ELIMINATE OR RESTRICT USE OF HALF MASK RESPIRATOR (SEE IV D). I HUT - 062644 ANA-06024 ; ! I ; [ 1 SMISC00003967 Vb-3 (5/81) C) SYSTEMIC POISON - ELIMINATE SINGLE-USE , RESPIRATOR. D) FOR PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LESS THAN 0.05 MG/CU.M. ELIMINATE OFM RESPIRATORS EXCEPT WITH HIGH EFFICIENCY PARTICULATE FILTER. ) IDLH OR LFL - ABOYE THIS CONCENTRATION ELIMINATE ALL BUT POSITIVE PRESSURE SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS AND COMBINATION POSITIVE PRESSURE SELFC0NTA1NED BREATHING APPARATUS (SEE IV E). F) LIST ALL ALLOWED RESPIRATORS BY CONOITON OF USE AND TYPE. ENTRY AND ESCAPE FROM UNKNOWN CONCENTRATION USE POSITIVE PRESSURE SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS OR CW8JNTAI0N POSITIVE PRESSURE SUPPLIED AIR RESPIRATOR WITH POSITIVE PRESSURE SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS. FIREFIGHTING USE POSITIVE PRESSURE SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS (SEE IV F). III.C. SPECIFIC DECISIONS LOGIC CHART fOR RESPIRATOR PROTECTION RAINS! MhSInSTIOn OF GAS Oft VAPORffaD PARHciIEm"' CONDITION SELECTION SEQUENCE ROUTINE USE A) CONSIDER SKIN SORPTION - (SEE IV A). B) POOR WARNING PROPERTIES OR INADEQUATE 1 SORBENT EFFICIENCY - ELIMINATE ALL AIR I PURIFYING RESPIRATORS (SEE IV B C). | C) ELIMINATE ALL RESPIRATORS EXCEPT WITH COMBINATION SORBENT/PARTICULATE FILTER.' 0) EVE IRRITATION - ELIMINATE OR RESTRICT 1 USE OF HALF HARK RESPIRATOR (SEE IV 0). ) FOR PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURES LESS THAN 0.05 MG/CU.M. ELIMINATE ALL RESPIRATORS EXCEPT WITH SORBENT/HIGH EFFICIENCY PARTICULATE FILTER, F) IDLH OR La - ABOVE THIS CONCENTRATION ELIMINATE ALL BUT POSITIVE PRESSURE SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS AND COMBINATION POSITIVE PRESSURE SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS (SEE IV E). G) LIST ALL ALLOWED RESPIRATORS BY CONDITION OF USE AND TYPE. ENTRY AND ESCAPE FROM UNKNOWN CONCENTRATION USE POSITIVE PRESSURE SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS OR COMBINATION POSITIVE PRESSURE SUPPLIED AIR RESPIRATOR WITH POSITIVE PRESSURE SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS. FIREFIGHTING ESCAPE USE POSITIVE PRESSURE SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS (SEE IV F). GAS MASK OR ESCAPE SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING I APPARATUS (SEE IV C). i I HUT - 082645 ANA-06025- SMISC00003968 I Vb-4 (5/81) IV. A. SKIN ABSORPTION (. PERSONAL PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST EXPOSURE TO SUBSTANCES WHICH HAT CAUSE INJURE OR ABSORPTION THROUGH THE SKIN FROM MATERIALS SPLASHED OR SPILLED ON THE SKIN ARE COVERED IN SECTION (F) OT EACH SUBSTANCE STANDARD. RESPIRATOR SELECTION CRITERIA ARE BASED PRIMARILY ON THE INHALATION HAZARD OF THE SUBSTANCE. A SUPPL1EO-AIR SUIT MAT PROVIDE BOTH SKIN AND RESPIRATORY PRQTEETION FOR EXTREMELY TOXIC SUBSTANCES WHICH MAY BE ABSORBED THROUGH THE SKIN. SUPPLIEO-AIR SUITS ARE NOT COVERED IN 30 CFR 11, DATA ARE NOT AVAILABLE UPON WHICH TO HAKE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SUPPUEO-AIR-SUITS. FOR ALL TYPES Of EXPOSURES. WHERE INFORMATION IS AVAILABLE INDICATING SYSTEMIC INJURY OR DEATH RESULTING FRW ABSORBANCE OF A GAS OR VAPOR THROUGH THE SKIN, THE FOLLOWING STATEMENT IS INCLUDED IN APPENDIX B. SECTION (V) Of THE ' SUBSTANCE STANDARD: USE OF SUPPLIED-AIR SUITS OR OTHER IMPERVIOUS COVERINGS KAY BE NECESSARY TO PREVENT SKIN CONTACT WITH WHEN THE CONCENTRATION OF * IS UNKNOWN OR GREATER THAN * (1DLH). SUPPLIED-AIR SUITS SHOULD BE SELECTED. USED, AND MAINTAINED UNDER THE IMMEDIATE SUPERVISION OF PERSONS KNOWLEDGEABLE IN THE LIMITATIONS AND POTENTIAL LIFE ENOANGERING CHARACTERISTICS OF $UPPLIED-A1R SUITS." j A SENTENCE IS ADDED TO THE RESPIRATOR TABLE IN THE ENTRY ANO ESCAPE FRW UNKHOW CONCENTRATIONS SECTION AS SHOWN BELOW: SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS WITH A FULL FACEPIECE OPERATED IN PRESSURE-DEMAND OR OTHER POSITIVE PRESSURE MODE. A COMBINATION RESPIRATOR WHICH INCLUDES A TYPE C SUPPLIED-AIR RESPIRATOR WITH A FULL FACEPIECE OPERATED IN PRE5SURE-DEHAHD OR OTHER POSITIVE PRESSURE OR CONTINUOUS aow MODE AND AH AUXILIARY SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS OPERATED IN PRESSURE-DEMAND MODE OR OTHER POSITIVE PRESSURE MODE. (SUPPLIED-AIR SUITS MAT BE NECESSARY.) . IV. B. POOR WARNING PROPERTIES IT IS IMPORTANT TO REALIZE THAT 30 CFR II NIOSH/MESA APPROVALS FOR AIR-PURIFYING (ORGANIC VAPOR) DEVICES PROHIBIT USE AGAINST ORGANIC VAPORS WITH POOR HARKING PROPERTIES. SEPCIFICALLY, 30 CFR 11.90(B) MOTE 4) COVERS GAS MASKS (CANISTER RESPIRATORS) ANO 30 CFR 11.ISO (NOTE 7) COVERS CHEMICAL CARTRIDGE RESPIRATORS. THUS THESE APPROVALS ARE ONLY FOR THOSE ORGANIC VAPORS WITH ADEQUATE WARNING PROPERTIES AND NOT.ALL ORGANIC VAPORS. j WARNING PROPERTIES RELYING UPON HUMAN SENSES ARE NOT FOOLPROOF,' HOWEVER, THEY PROVIDE SOME INDICATION TO THE EHPLOYEE OF POSSIBLE SORBENT EXHAUSTION OR OF POOR FACEPIECE FIT OR OTHER RESPIRATOR MALFUNCTION, WARNING PROPERTIES INCLUDE ODOR. EYE IRRITATION, ANO RESPIRATORY IRRITATION. ADEQUATE WARNING PROPERTIES CAN BE ASSUMED WHEN THE SUBSTANCE ODOR, TASTE. OR IRRITATION EFFECTS ARE DETECTABLE ANO PERSISTENT AT CONCENTRATIONS *AT* OR -BELOW' THE PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE UNIT. , IF THE ODOR OR IRRITATION THRESHOLD Of A SUBSTANCE IS MANY TINES GREATER THAN THE PEW1SS1BLE EXPOSURE UNIT. THIS SUBSTANCE SHOULD BE CONSIDERED TO HAVE POOR WARNING PROPERTIES. IF THE SUBSTANCE ODOR OR IRRITATION THRESHOLD IS SOMEWHAT ABOVE THE PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE UNIT (NOT IN EXCESS OF THREE TIMES THE UNIT) AND THERE IS NO CEILING UNIT, CONSIDERATION IS GIVEN AS TO WHETHER OR HOT UHOETECTED EXPOSURE IN THIS CONCENTRATION RANGE COULD CAUSE SERIOUS OR IRREVERSIBLE HEALTH EFFECTS. IF NOT, THE SUBSTANCE IS CONSIDERED TO HAVE ADEQUATE WARNING PROPERTIES. HUT - 082646 ANA-06026 SMISC00003969 Vb-5 {5/81) i IT IS EXPECTED THAT EHVIRWHENTAL CONCENTRATIONS HILL VARY CONSIDERABLY AND. THEREFORE. WARNING OF A RESPIRATOR FAILURE WOULD SOON BE PERCEIVED AT CONTAIN I KANT CONCENTRATIONS SIWEWHAT ABOVE THE PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT. IV. C. SORBENT EFFICIENCIES WHERE SUPPORTING EVIDENCE EXISTS ON IMMEDIATE (LESS THAN THREE MINUTES) BREAKTHROUGH TIME AT THE IOLH CONCENTRATION AND BELOW FOR A CARTRIDGE OR CANISTER SORBENT, AIR-PURIFYING OEVICES SHALL NOT BE ALLOWED FOR ANY USE, ESCAPE OR OTHEIVISE. IV. 0. EYE IRRITATION FOR ROUTINE WORX OPERATIONS. ANY PERCEPTIBLE EYE IRRITATION IS CONSIDERED UNACCEPTABLE, THEREFORE, ONLY FULL FACEPIECE RESPIRATORS ARE PERMISSIBLE IN CONTAMINATION CONCENTRATIONS WHICH PRODUCE EYE IRRITATION NOTE THAT 30 CFR 11.90(B) (NOTE 6) SPECIFIES THAT EYE PROTECTION HAY BE REQUIRED IN CERTAIN CONCENTRATIONS OF ACID GASES AND ORGANIC VAPORS. FOR ESCAPE. SOME EYE IRRITATION IS PEBIISSIBLE IF IT IS DETERMINED THAT SUCH IRRITATION WOULD NOT INHIBIT ESCAPE AND SUCH IRRITATION IS REVERSIBLE. WHERE QUANTITATIVE EYE IRRITATION DATA CANNOT BE FOUND IN LITERATURE REFERENCES, AND THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS INDICATE THE SUBSTANCE SHOULD NOT BE AH EYE IRRITANT, HALF FACEPIECE RESPIRATORS ARE ALLOWED. IV. E. IDLH THE DEFINITION Of IOLH PROVIDED IN 30 CFR 1I.3(T) IS AS FOLLOWS: "IHMEDIATUY DANGEROUS TO LIFE OR HEALTH' MEANS CONDITIONS THAT POSE AH IMMEDIATE THREAT TO LIFE OR HEALTH OR COMHTIONS THAT POSE AH IMMEDIATE THREAT OF SEVERE EXPOSURE TO CONTAMINANTS. SUCH AS RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS, WHICH ARE LIKELY TO HAVE ADVERSE CUMULATIVE OR DELAYED EFFECTS ON HEALTH. THE PURPOSE OF ESTABLISHING AN HUH EXPOSURE CONCENTRATION IS TO INSURE THAT THE WORKER CAN ESCAPE WITHOUT INJURY OR IRREVERSIBLE HEALTH EFFECTS FROM AN JOLH CONCENTRATION IN THE EVENT Of FAILURE OF THE RESPIRATORY PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. THE IDLH IS CONSIDERED A HAX1HIH CONCENTRATION ABOVE WHICH ONLY HIGHLY RELIABLE BREATHING APPARATUS PROVIDING MAXIMUM WORKER PROTECTION IS PERMITTED. SINCE IDLH VALUES ARE CONSERVATIVELY SET, ANY APPROVED RESPIRATOR MAY BE USED UP TO ITS MAXIMUM USE CONCENTRATION BELOW THE IDLH. IN ESTABLISHING AN IDLH EXPOSURE CONCENTRATION THE FOLLOWING FACTORS ARE CONSIDERED: 1. ESCAPE WITHOUT LOSS OF LIFE OR IRREVERSIBLE HEALTH . EFFECTS. THIRTY MINUTES IS CONSIDERED THE MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE TIME FOR ESCAPE. 2. SEVERE EYE OR RESPIRATORY IRRITATION OR OTHER REACTIONS WHICH WOULD INHIBIT ESCAPE WITHOUT INJURY. IDLH SHOULD BE DETERMINED FROM THE FOLLOWING SOURCES: 1. SPECIFIC IDLH PROVIDED IN THE LITERATURE SUCH AS THE AIHA HYGIENIC GUIDES. 2. HUMAN EXPOSURE DATA. HUT - 082647 ANA-06027 SMISC00003970 Vb-6 (5/81) i 3. ACUTE ANIMAL EXPOSURE DATA, ; 4. WHERE SUCH DATA ARE LACKING TOXICOLOGICAL OATA FROM ' j ANALOGOUS SUBSTANCES. AND CHRONIC ANIMAL EXPOSURE OATA MAT BE CONSIDERED. '- THE FOLLOWING GUIDELINES SHOULD BE USED TO INTERPRET TOXICOLOGICAL OATA REPORTED IN THE LITERATURE FOR ANIMAL SPECIES: 1. WHERE ACUTE EXPOSURE ANIMAL OATA ARE AVAILABLE (30 MINUTES TO 4-HOUR EXPOSURES). THE LOWEST EXPOSURE CONCENTRATION CAUSING DEATH OR IRREVERSIBLE HEALTH EFFECTS IN ANT SPECIES IS DETERMINED TO BE THE IDEM CONCENTRATION. 2. WHERE ONLY CHRONIC EXPOSURE DATA ARE AVAILABLE AND THESE DATA DO NOT REVEAL ANT EXPOSURE CONCENTRATION WHICH WOULD RESULT IN IRREVERSIBLE HEALTH EFFECTS. THEN THESE DATA HAVE NO RaEVANCE AND SHOULD NOT BE USED IN DETERMINING THE IDLH CONCENTRATION. f' WHERE THERE IS EVIDENCE OF AN IOLH CONCENTRATION ABOVE THAT ALLOWED ON THE BASIS OF A PROTECTION FACTOR. RESPIRATORS SHOULD BE SELECTED ON THE BASIS OF THE PROTECTION FACTOR AFFORDED BT EACH DEVICE WITHIN THE LIMITATIONS OF THE DEVICE. IV. E. LOWER FLAMHABLE LIMIT AND FIREFIGHTING CONTAININANT CONCENTRATIONS IN EXCESS Of THE LFL ARE CONSIDERED TO BE IMMEDIATELY DANGEROUS TO LIFE OR HEALTH. AT ON ABOVE THE LFL. THE USE OF RESPIRATORS IS LIMITED TO THOSE 0EV1CES WHICH PROVIDE THE KAXIHIM PROTECTION. I.E., POSITIVE-PRESSURE SCBA, ANO CW8INATIQN POSITIVEPRESSURE SUPPL1E0-A1R RESPIRATOR WITH POSITIVE PRESSURE SCBA. FIREFIGHTING IS DEFINED BY ANSI Z88.5-1971 AS BEING IMMEDIATELY 1 DANGEROUS TO LIFE. FOR FIREFIGHTING, THE ONLY DEVICE PROVIDING ADEQUATE PROTECTION IS THE POSITIVE PRESSURE SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS. IV. 6 PROTECTION FACTORS PROTECTION FACTORS ARE A MEASURE OF THE OVERALL EFFECTIVENESS OF, A RESPIRATOR. FILTERING EFFICIENCY IS A PART OF THE PROTECTION FACTOR AND BECOMES A SIGNIFICANT CONSIDERATION FOR LESS EFFICIENT AIR PURIFYING RESPIRATORS. THE PROTECTION FACTORS USED IN THE PREPARATION OF THE STANDARDS ARE BASED ON QUANTITATIVE FIT TESTS PERFORMED AT LOS ALAMOS AND ELSEWHERE, AND !H SOME INSTANCES ON PROFESSIONAL JUDGMENT. IN APPENDIX I, THE PROTECTION FACTORS FOR EACH CLASS OF RESPIRATORS LISTED IN THE CHECKLISTS ARE SHOWN. THE ENTRIES IK EACH LIST ARE FOR AN ENTIRE CLASS OF RESPIRATORS, AND ARE ASSIGNED THE PROTECTION FACTOR OF THE LOWEST PERFORMING DEVICE WITHIN EACH CLASS. IV. H. VARIATIONS WITH 30 CFR 11 1. THE TYPE A SUPPUED-AIR RESPIRATOR IS ALLOWED IN 30 CFR11 FOR USE IN IMKEDIATaY DANGEROUS TO LIFE AND HEALTH ATMOSPHERES. HOWEVER. AIR SUPPLY REQUIREMENTS OF 50 L/MIN. IS INSUFFICIENT TO MAINTAIN A POSITIVE PRESSURE IN THE FACEPIECE UNDER ALL WORKING CONDITIONS. THEREFORE. THIS DEVICE SHOULD HAVE THE SAME PROTECTION FACTOR AS APPLIED TO OTHER AIR-PURIFYING AND ATMOSPHERE SUPaYING RESPIRATORS HAVING A NEGATIVE PRESSURE IN THE FACEPIECE (SEE APPENDIX I), 3D CFR | 1 ' ! 1 i | I HUT - 082648 ANA-06028 SMISC00003971 Vb-7 (5/81) I i 11 WILL REQUIRE A REVISION TO ELIMINATE APPROVAL OF TTPE A FOR IOlH ATMOSPHERES. 2. AN AMENDMENT TO 30 CFR 11 IS BEING PROCESSED WHICH WILL DELETE USE Of GAS MASKS FOR ENTRY AND USE IN ISLH ATMOSPHERES. THEREFORE* IN THIS DECISION LOGIC GAS MASK ARE NOT ALLOWED IK CONCENTRATIONS . GREATER THAN THE ISLH OR ENTRY AND ESCAPE FR(W UNKNOWN CONCENTRATIONS. 3. IK THE SAME AMENDMENT DESCRIBED ABOVE. MAXIMIM USE CONCENTRATIONS (MUC) FOR GAS MASKS ARE 8EINGING DELETED. THIS DECISION LOGIC IS CONSISTENT WITH THIS AMENDMENT. HOWEVER, CANISTERS APPROVED PRIOR TO THIS AKENIWENT WILL HAVE THE MUC SPECIFIED ON THE LABEL WHICH WILL BE INCONSISTENT WITH THE SU8STANCE STANDARDS FOR MOST SUBSTANCES. 4. 30 CFR 11 DOES NOT CONTAIN PROTECTION FACTOR REQUIREMENTS. PROTECTION FACTORS ARE USED IN THE DECISION LOGIC. AN AMENDMENT TO 30 CFR 11 IS PUNNED TO INCLUDE PROTECTION FACTOR REQUIREMENTS FOR DFM RESPIRATORS. FUTURE AMENDMENTS ARE CWTEMPUTED FOR OTHER TYPES OF RESPIRATORS. 5. 30 CFR 11 DOES NOT PEWIT THE USE AN ESCAPE GAS MASK AGAINST ACIO GASES OR ORGANIC VAPORS WITH POOR WARNING PROPERTIES. A CHANGE TO 30 CFR 11 IS NECESSARY TO PEWIT THE USE OF AN ESCAPE GAS MASK AGAINST SUBSTANCES WITH POOR WARNING PROPERTIES. IV. 1 ESCAPE I WHERE ESCAPE RESPIRATORS ARE PROVIDED THEY SHALL BE SELECTED FRW THE ESCAPE CATEGORY IN TABLE 2. THE EMPLOYER SHALL PROVIDE AND ENSURE; EMPLOYEES CARRY AN ESCAPE RESPIRATOR WHERE EXPOSURE HAY OCCUR TO EXTREMELY TOXIC SUBSTANCES (AN EXTREMELY TOXIC SUBSTANCE IS DEFINED AS A GAS OR VAPOR HAVING A RAT EXPOSURE MORTALITY LC50 OF LESS THAN 10 PPM. THE FOLLOWING STATEMENT IS ADDED TO THE INTRODUCTION TO THE RESPIRATOR TABLE FOR THESE SUBSTANCES: EMPLOYERS SHALL PROVIDE EACH EMPLOYEE WORKING IN AREAS WHERE NAME** MAY BE RELEASED INTO THE MORKPUCE AIR WITH AN APPROVED ESCAPE RESPIRATOR AS SPECIFIED IN TABLE 2. THE EMPLOYER SHALL ENSURE THAT EACH EMPLOYEE CARRY THE ESCAPE RESPIRATOR IN THE AREA WHERE **NAME*" HAY BE RELEASED INTO THE WORKPUCE. i , j I IV. J. "ENTRY INTO TANKS OR CLOSED VESSELS, OR . . .* ITEM (D)(4)(IV) IS A VARIABLE PROVISION IN THE INTRODUCTORY STATEMENTS TO THE RESPIRATOR TABLES WHICH LISTS THE SPECIFIC OPERATIONS WHERE A RESPIRATOR IS CONSIDERED TO BE AN ACCEPTABLE MEANS OF CONTROL. EXAMPLES OF WHERE THIS HAY OCCUR ARC FOR OPERATIONS WHICH REQUIRE OCCASIONAL ENTRY INTO TANKS OR OTHER CLOSED VESSELS. APPENDIX I A. PROTECTION FACTORS FOR PARTICUUTE FILTER RESPIRATORS PROTECTION FACTOR (MINIMAL) PERMISSIBLE RESPIRATORY PROTECTION I 5X ANY OUST AND MIST RESPIRATOR (30 CFW 11.130) 5X ANY OUST AND MIST RESPIRATOR, EXCEPT SINGLE USE (30 CFR 11.120). HJT - 082640 ANA-06029 l SMISC00003972 Vb-8 (5/81) iox ANY DUST AND MIST RESPIRATOR, EXCEPT SINGLE-USE OR QUARTER-MASK RESPIRATOR (30 CFR 11.130). 10X ANY FUME RESPIRATOR OR HIGH EFFICIENCY PARTICULATE FILTER RESPIRATOR (30 CFR 11.130). iox ANY HIGH EFFICIENCY PARTICULATE FILTER RESPIRATOR (30 CFR 11,130) 50X 1000X A HIGH EFFICIENCY PARTICULATE FILTER RESPIRATOR WITH A FULL FACEPIECE (30 CFR 11,130). j. A POWERED AIR-PURIFYING RESPIRATOR WITH A'HIGH EFFICIENCY PARTICULATE FILTER (30 CFR 11,130). B. PROTECTION FACTORS FOR CHEMICAL CARTRIDGES AND GAS MASKS PROTECTION FACTOR (MINIMAL) PERMISSIBLE RESPIRATORY PROTECTION j 10X ANT CHEMICAL CARTRIDGE RESPIRATOR WITH AN * NAME ** CARTRIOGES(S) (30 CFR 11, ISO) SOX A CHEMICAL CARTRIDGE RESPIRATOR WITH FULL FACEPIECE AND ** NAME -CARTRIDGE(S) (30 CFR 11, 150) 50X A GAS MASK WITH A CHIN-STYLE ** NAME * CANISTER (30 CFR 11, 90(A)) SOX A GAS MASK WITH A FRONT OR BACK-MOUNTED * NAME ** CANISTER (30 CFR 11. 90 (A)) 1000X A POWERED AIR-PURIFVING CHEMICAL CARTRIDGE RESPIRATOR WITH A ** NAME ** CARTRIDGE (UNLISTED DEVICE). ESCAPE ANT GAS MASK PROVIDING PROTECTION AGAINST * NAME ** VAPORS (30 CFR 11,90). NOTE: THE APPROVAL * NAME ** MAY CONSIST OF ACID GASES OR ORGANIC VAPORS AS A CLASS OR SPECIFIC ACID GASES. AfflONIA, OR ORGANIC VAPORS. IT HAY ALSO CONSIST OF COMBINATIONS OF ACID GASES. ORGANIC VAPORS, AND OTHER GASES AND VAPORS. C. PROTECTION FACTORS FOR COMBINATION CHEMICAL CARTRIDGES AND PARTICULATE FILTERS AND GAS MASKS AND PARTICULATE FILTERS PROTECTION FACTORS (MINIMAL) 10X PERMISSIBLE RESPIRATORY PROTECTION i ANY CHEMICAL CARTRIDGE RESPIRATOR WITH ** NAME * CARTRIDGE(S) AND * NAME FILTER(S) (30 CFR 11.150 and 11. 130) i 50X A CHEMICAL CARTRIDGE RESPIRATOR WITH A FULL FACEPIECE. * NAME ** CARTRIDGE(S), AND ** TYPE ** FILTER(S) (30 CFR 11. ISO and 11, 130) | j SOX A GAS MASK WITH A CHIN-STYLE ** NAME ** CANISTER AND ** TYPE ** FILTER (30 CFR 11. 90(A) AND 11.130) 50X A GAS MASK WITH A FRONT OR BACK MOUNTED * NAME ** CANISTER AND ** TYPE M FILTER (30 CFR 11.90(A) ANO 11,130). HUT - 082650 AHA-06030 I i SMISC00003973 Vb-9 (5/81) 1000* ESCAPE A POWEREO AIR PURIFYING CHEMICAL CARTRIDGE RESPIRA10R WITH A ** NAME ** CARTRIDGE AND HIGH EFFICIENCY PARTICULATE FILTER. ANY GAS MASK PROVIDING PROTECTION AGAINST NAME * AND PARTICULATES (30 CFR 11,90 AND 11, 130) . * NAME ** REFERS TO ANY ACID GAS. AKALIHE GAS, ORGANIC VAPOR. OR OTHER SPECIFIC GAS OR VAPOR** TYPE ** REFERS TO OUST AND MIST. FUME, OR HIGH EFFICIENCY PARTICULATE. 0. PROTECTION FACTORS FOR SUPPLIEO-AIR RESPIRATORS PROTECTION FACTOR (MINIMAL) PERMISSIBLE RESPIRATORY PROTECTION 10* SO* ANY SUPPLIED AIR-RESPIRATOR (30 CFR 11.110(A)) ANY SUPPLIED-AIR RESPIRATOR WITH A FULL ! FACEPIECE. HELMET. OR HOOD. (30 CFR 11.110(A)) 1000* 2000X *A TYPE C SUPPLIED-AIR RESPIRATOR OPERATED IN PRESSURE-DEMAND OR OTHER POSITIVE PRESSURE OR CONTINUOUS FLOW MODE (30 CFR 11. 110(A)) I A TYPE C SUPPLIED-AIR RESPIRATOR WITH A FULL ; FACEPIECE OPERATED IN PRESSURE-DEHANO OR OTHER POSITIVE PRESSURE MODE OR WITH A FULL FACEPIECE, HOOD, OR HELMET OPERATED IN CONTINUOUS FLOW,MODE (30 CFR 11.110(A)) *THIS CATEGORY IS NOT FULLY COVERED BY PRECEDING CATEGORY. E. PROTECTION FACTORS FOR SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS i ' PROTECTION FACTOR (MINIMAL) 10X PERMISSIBLE RESPIRATORY PROTECTION ,j ANY SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS (30 CFR 11.70(A)) SOX ANY SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS WITH A FULL FACEPIECE (30 CFR 11.70(A)) 10,000+X OR FIREFIGHTING SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS WITH A FULL FACEPIECE OPERATED IN PRESSURE-DEMAND OR OTHER POSITIVE PRESSURE MODE (30 CFR 11.70(A)) 10.000+X ESCAPE A COMBINATION RESPIRATOR WHICH INCLUDES A TYPE C SUPPLIED-AIR RESPIRATOR WITH A FULL FACEPIECE OPERATED IN PRESSURE-DEMAND OR OTHER POSITIVE PRESSURE OR CONTINUOUS FLOW MODE AND AN AUXILIARY SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS OPERATED IN PRESSURE-DEMAND OR POSITIVE PRESSURE HOPE . (30 CFR 11.70(B)) ANY ESCAPE SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS (30 CFR 11.70(A)) i i ! I , | ' | i I ! i I HUT - 082651 iV ANA-06031 SMISC00003974 Vb-10 (5/81) APPENDIX 11 - lITERATIVE REFERENCES i THE FOLLOWING ARE THE PRIMARY REFERENCE SOURCES USED IN THIS DECISION ` LOGIC. 1. CHEMICAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS, MANUFACTURING CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION. WASH.. D.C. * 2. SAX, H.I.: DANGEROUS PROPERTIES Of INDUSTRIAL MATERIALS. THIRD EDITION. VAN NOSTRAND REINHOLD COMPANY, NEW YORK. 1968. 3. HYGIENIC GUIDE SERIES, AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION, ! DETROIT, MICHIGAN. A. CHEMICAL COMPANY GUIDES: A) ALLIED CHEMICAL 8) COMMERCIAL SOLVENTS CO. C) DOW CHEMICAL 0) EASTMAN KODAK E) EXXON F) AMC G) MONSANTO H) 0L1N CHEMICALS 1) ROHM & HAAS J SHELL K) UNION CARBIDE COMPANY i 5. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ACCEPTABLE CONCENTRATIONS, AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE, INC., NEW YORK. 6. BROWNING, E.l: TOXICITY AND METABOLSIM OF INDUSTRIAL SOLVENTS. ; ELSFV1ER PUBLISHING COMPANY, NEW YORK. 1965. BROWNING. E.: TOXICITY OF INDUSTRIAL tffTALS. BUTTERWORTHS. LONDON. 1961. 7. DOCUMENTATION OF THE THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUES FOR SUBSTANCES IN UORKROOH AIR, THIRD EDITION, AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS. CINCINNATI, 1971. 8. GLEASON, H.N., GOSSELIN. R.E. , HODGE, H-C-, AND SMITH, R.P.: CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY OF COPHERCIAL PRODUCTS. THIRD EDITION, THE WILLIAMS & WALKINS CO., BALTIMORE, 1969. 9. THIEKES. C.H. AND HALEY, T.O.: CLINICAL YOXICOLOGY, FIFTH EDITION, LEAN AND FEB1GER, 1972. 10. SPECTOR, W.S. (VOL 1. II), NEGHERBON, V.O. (VOL III), GREBE. R.M.; (VOL IV). AND DITTMER, D.S. (VOL V) (EDITORS): HANDBOOK OF | TOXICOLOGY. SAUNDERS, PHILADELPHIA, 1956-1959. 11. PAGET, G.E. (EDITOR): METHODS IN TOXICOLOGY. BLACKWELL SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS. OXFORD. 1970. 12. STOLMAN. A (EDITOR): PROGRESS IN CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY. VOL. 2 AND VOL 4. ACADEMIC PRESS, NEW YORK. 1965 AND 1969. 13. PATTY, f.A. (EDITOR): INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND TOXICOLOGY, VOL 2; . SECOND REVISED EDITION, INTERSCIENCE PUBLISHERS, NEW YORK, 1963. ; 14. HUNTER. D.: THE DISEASES OF OCCUPATIONS, LITTLE. BROWN AND COMPANY, BOSTON. 1969. 15. STAUDEN, N. (EXECUTIVE EDITOR): KIRK-OTHMER ENCYCLOPEDIA OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY, 2ND EDITION. INTERSCIENCE PUBLISHERS. NEW YORK, 1972. 16. GLICK D. (EDITOR): METHODS OF BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS. INTERSCIENCE PUBLISHERS, NEW YORK. 1954-1969. 17. ALTMAN, P.L. AND DITTMER. D.D. (EDITORS): BIOLOGY DATA BOOK. FEDERATION OF AMERICAN SOCIETTES FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY, 1964. u MU I - Uo2o52 ANA-06032 i i SMISC00003975 IB. DEICHMANN. V.B. AND GERARDE, K.W. : TOXICOLOGY OF DRUGS AND CHEMICALS. ACADEMIC PRESS. NEW YORK. 1969. 19. SIECHER, P.G. (EDITOR): THE MERCK INDEX. EIGHTH EDITION. MERCK l CO., INC. NEW JERSET. 1968. 20. INTERNATIONAL LABOUR OFFICE: ENCYCLOPEDIA OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY. KCCAAW-HILl BOOK COMPANY. NEW YORK, 1971. 21. HYGIENIC INFORMATION GUIDES. COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA, DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES. BUREAU OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH. 22. CHRISTENSEN, H.F. AND LUGINBYHL. T.L.: (EDITORS): NIOSH TOXIC SUBSTANCE LIST, 1974 EDITION. NEW PUBLICATION NO. 74-134. 1974. 23. SURVEY OF COMPOUNDS WHICH HAVE BEEN TESTED FOR CARCINOGENIC ACTIVITY, U.S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE PUBLICATION NO. 149. ORIGINAL, SUPPLEMENTS 1 AND 2. 1961-69. AND 1970-71. 24. SPENCER. E.Y.: GUIDE TO THE CHEMICALS USED IN CROP PROTECTION. SIXTH EDITION (PUBLICATION 1093), RESEARCH BRANCH AGRICULTURE CANADA. 1973. 25. NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL INDUSTRIAL DATA SHEETS. NATIONAL SAFETY 1 COUNCIL, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS. 26. HASKIN. A.D. (EDIT10R): HANDLING GUIDE FOR POTENTIALLY HAZARDOUS COMMODITIES. RAILWAY SYSTEMS AND MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION, CHICAGO. i ILLINOIS, 1972. ! 27. HANDBOOK OF ORGANIC INDUSTRIAL SOLVENTS. TECHNICAL GUIDE NO. 6. 4TH EDITION. AMERICAN MUTUAL INSURANCE ALLIANCE. CHICAGO. ILLINOIS. 1972. 28. COMMITTEE ON HAZARDOUS MATERIALS. DIVISION OF CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL. NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCE: FIRE HAZARD CLASSIFICATION OF CHEMICAL VAPORS RELATIVE TO EXPLOSION-PROOF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT, REPORT III, A SUPPLEMENTARY REPORT PREAPREO BY THE ELECTRICAL HAZARDS PANEL. WASHINGTON. D.O., MAY 1973. 29. NATIONAL FIRE CODES. VOLUME 1. FLAMMABLE, LIQUIDS, NEPA 325, NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION. BOSTON. 1969. 30. NATIONAL FIRE COOES. YOLUttt 7 ALARM AND SPECIAL EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS. HFPA 69, NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION. BOSTON. 1973.' 31. NATIONAL FIRE COOES, MANUAL OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL REACTIONS. NFPA 491H, NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION. BOSTON. 1971. 32. NATIONAL FIRE CODES, VOLUME 3 COMBUSTIABLE SOLIDS, OUSTS AND EXPLOSIVES. NFPA 49. NATIONAL FIRE, PROTECTION ASSOCIATION. BOSTON. 1 1973. I: I. 33. BAHME. CHARLES V.: NFPA FIRE OFFICER'S GUIDE TO EMERGENCY 1' ACTION. APPENDIX A, NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIAIION, BOSTON. 1974, 34. FACTORY MUTUAL ENGINEERING CORPORATION: HAN0800K OF INDUSTRIAL ' LOSS PREVENTION, SECOND EDITION, MCGRAW-HILL BOOK COMPANY. NEW YORK. 1967. 35. ARMISTEAO. 6.. OR.: SAFETY IN PETROLEUM REFINING AND RELATED INDUSTRIES (APPENDIX A). SECOND EDITION, JOHN C. SIMMONDS AND CO.. INC., NEW YORK, 1959. 36. DOOLITTLE, A.K.: LAQUER SOLVENTS IN COMMERCIAL USE. INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY. VOL 27: 1169-1179. 1935. 37. GRANT. W.M.: TOXICOLOGY OF THE EYE. SECOND EDITION. CHARLES C. THOMAS PUBLISHER. ILLINOIS, 1974. vb-n (5/81} HUT - 082653 ANA-06033 I i i I I I 1 ] 1 SMISC00003976 36. API TOXICOLOGICAL REVIEWS, AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE. NEW YORK. 39. 6LEASON, M.N., GOSSELIN, R.E., HODGE, H.C., AND SMITH R.P.: BULLETIN OF SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL FOR CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY OF COWERCIAL PRODUCTS, UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER, 1969-1975. | ' 40. HAY, J.: OOOR TRESHOLDS OF SOLVENTS FOR ASSESSMENT OF SOLVENT ODORS IN THE AIR, STAUB. VOL 26. 35-38 (SEPT. 1966) (ENGLISH TRANS.) 41. (SEE NELSON) 42. SWttffi, W.: OOORS POLLUTION OF AIR. CRC PRESS. CLEVELAND, 1971. Vb-12 (5/8)) i i I HUT - 082654 ANA-06034 SMISC00003977 AIISI ZB8. ?-l 980 Outline for selecting respiratory protective devices. SMISC00003978 ANA-06035 HUT - 082655 vc-1 (5/81) P/ki) AMI HK AN S'A I'lUNA l. SI AM)AKl 7.kS . I'JM CD I'- CD CO o o o o O (0 CO Respiratm Froifciiun Factor? 5 I o a. v 'c a>. ANA-06036 hut - 082656 KtNliiralur I'rultclivn Factors 1 SMISC00003980 A Ml. MICAS' NATIONAL STANIMkll ZKH.MVH" Vd-2 (rvai) tii> Is'5 s Am y AHI Jl \'i i % 11Ul ip ! !i .is ll!!!if ill -i i sill IimI illIJ HUT - 082657 ANA-06037 SMISC00003981 Vd-3 C 5/8 "IIHII VNN.MKINAI S I AM'AM 11 /kx v ANA-06038 HUT - 082658 IS) z, O' l/V uJ cc Xo c<c Cl Llft cc if z >Cl. \S) cr X a OX z< o in U c .X W 9 ft* 4i +* ft. 4i JZ. c. o aa 4* O OU C J= 4-4 4^ c o e 41 4-* - o V- ft* 0/ "U k. io c 4/ O' >N XC o *o c 4-> *-- 40 6 C IQ *0 C oo ft U W 4r UC AI k. 4- O OA kk n o c x> O 10 T3 C v o c >o *-- U *J om -4 4-1 *o -- t- u k a*v> 0/ c u-- O Vk c **" * > IO h- c -- *> i. io ao am i uu o 4C k. 9 4-> ro ftn k O-- -- .Cft> CL k>#> A A 40 44 >S 44 41 41 ft* -- *0 i. a --- 4- ft- C W 9i 4 3 O- ekt a e 4- 0 4l 1 T) * >s ft-44 -- 4- >,C-^ ^ O IP *A ft - A 3 U *-- fll Q ft D >, i a ft / m ft k ft 0 *-- E u^ IQ U WQ DU -- O ft C C ml lA fft *0 w > .3 1 L. C >|C b 47 41 u U> O k u c 1 W 3 ft; A ft ft 2-- u c u a U 44 9 IB C/ k- u 0% ai 3 ft c w ft ft ek -- C U k. 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Q ft E 4 vJ vO3ib c4ozuO v9* furte- mro> HUT - 082662 ANA-06042 LO 00 CD CO O O O O o C/3 03 3) S elf-C ontained B reathing Apparatus (SCBA) - Continued SMISC00003986 o L. *1 d e Cl tn c > t- c a 0 cw c -x p-- t. a r- *- d e v* C u ci^ -- m M Cl VI VI M < c c t> o d 1. -> IBT U 6 dec d VI -. c ca Vk U a a O d a-- o. 1. a w 0 4-> -M d O VO i V 0 - - d a Cl -- d c u 3 d V. U 40 C * d W dc Cl C > 4r c u u -- c d t. d Cl o c c u3 cr Cn ^3 Cl -- X d a c vi Of d x vi **- 0 e- i. *-> Ci o o O U e- a ci e a a c VI u JO K Oi Ol c u e- Cl d Cl v -- > Cl 41 VI dc u VI u c C Ol v> <0 cL o +> Cl *- add Cl ^ tfl -- Ol c " a >* > > l. 41 V X -- >d d "O W uv dU O N IQ ^ m .c Ol <Q W IQ o -e- <c d u c O Ac d " * d-- d w * *0 > >> ^ C v> m u /) d V3I -- 4- O 4> d d d <x d d V c u u Cl m a. u d O in w d Ol u a C o c. d VI *a V Cl d d d o v> r- V* VI c J VF- *F a *- E E H9 X X r-- o Cl *D a +j d r u c *> *0 *O*-- u u If *- o Cd un 0 > (. d C1 u 4-1 w o 1 u 1 tkC-l VI vt d T3 F> C E VI -F- X3 d C *0 x> c *4 d dC VI O Cl *o L c a w d 01 Ci c e^ E *d O e-- ud a Ud u w w V 0 u U > a VI 4-1 Cl Cl 3 c > d d u ^0 Ci UE K Vk > Cl c u Ve-5 (5/01) VI do > 3 u Cl s C * * C Ift T* fll JO Vt V* do o o Q uvi 7 c X o >, <0 4-> d v> <0 -- ^4t: >V<td> Ko A 13 -o dO. . vi race cv c t. *--> co 01V 10 X - VI VI > x o v> <0 c c *. se c- 3 --* U -- 85*8" 5 40 wVI C 41 T3 U * Ov* CP L u a-- Cl *- 4 5sOO d dOa .Io- + 'ee-- JO *C V> > a a<C ^3 u d C x o * t U w i a n x L. d V) U d c x 5o m ia. m 3 3vuj L V a o VI a VI V V> L tl 07 o H e- e . c *< d <Q C Ov -- 4/ U w X C v -j a C>4 4) 0 4* C *** a c a a. v > e c j ^ u^ 0 O O o V +> c < * > cn >O - I. 0?<e4> ta > 9 Wd Cd *r ra*~ cg -o -- e > tr ^ S ** a ***- |l VI C 4<> ev u o o v. > 4> i Vv C^ 0 41 W u O ." ft V C 4w d a*. --. o w C d *J VI a d * ANA-06043 HUT - 082663 PP Sa xe --< O) A (D Co * " Xb -- pX tt X -- O.X 3 D OlU VI b PX t* -- X-- O X V> b O-- PC P ODi c v> -- - X r" px a e *- a. C 3 Vi 9 V* P ci C X-- O x x o* *- X px L . c VI . x a --e x4; it x *J b u v tJ 4/ E r* x> <t xc 4, g-- CX --c C X^B c bE OE HI C bo Q. 3 U V* T> Xt p > Jf CL OB 3 U 4i wA -- V *X b P p T3 3 Lg- i. Vi a C * -i pp< c *- -C ox p *x-- ti L C *i ki* 4) id ii a a OX HI 4240 c wX C PX ox M `g- 4 41 X uc 3------ v<r*> *C ai O X 0) ~ bCb 3* is* -- 4 o> ac 4r x**- u c x b a ib 3 ^t 4 C c > ** c cXx P p -* a V k Ul r- o > ax xo c i- u Ve-6 {5/81 h~ CO CT> CO O O O O o CO (0 lim itations Modg o f Operation Of u X a o -- C B >. c XX U 3C c^X -- Ol X 01 X b k^ k X E-- P b V> jQ 4 4 CP Ol o> ; o u *- u I- b U &r b 3 VI P vi k B t > vi > b k*" B - C > . X T3 p P * C X > O B fi. B c k. PP e !/>*- U > > U ov^- .- >. P b c CM - Bm & 0/ v xV H U B U f* T3 XP p Of r-- V> --b >D 2= . CL C vi y s X o - " X `O X P ^ C <- U V V O 41 B X c x > 5 X %n -- b C 5k. *- >k ^ Xx x c p x - x 5 X X O) > K p 4 Ui u >lMk X X 3 P p 4- C 014 r ^ -- C C J - c o *J X WX P u b. 3 >, > QX * p VI TJ &S-2. g- 33 ac k Ul o< SiX x P % p% -> PC B Vv U VI k 9 4 C 4 lA *>-- P *0 k f- a b e o *a p 8X ft 3 44 ,P0 4Oi > -rx > c UX k- X' >% P c 3 K -- p V Pu u w4 t U VI o. ^b B coy S44 X VI c --c x *I 1 g-- Cl i C pi p I > C-- I --X *9 k E I E3 -D l OJ P XX 4 D C* I P p . X VI I-- J vw < . - ?t5. C^ ^ Bj 3o bX wpo p VI &2 g } 3 Dl 3 XX b cr C X K X ff Oui Xpu v U X L. -g- p 3X vi k 0 U o a vi a. p W p X u ck' C O V 3 . H- o c X f* b *<-- p vi O CX-- T3 0 x > *P C C Pc b P u *- a c X p po T- T3 4 T3 f- P > X Pc P u -- X X b O cr X px c bX x a vi --- c X o > # E U Pc P V- X3 X M - O o - X 3P p VI x vi p 1 - *0 b bOO c o P X PbX 6^ a 3 Ob'. P & a vv VI * 2,5. -C - c 3P4b e pc O' b X P P x o kij o K ) T> X ANA-06044 HUT - 082664