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TECHNICAL BULLETIN
JOHNS-M AN VILLE
POLYESTER PREMIXES with PLASTIBEST 20 ASBESTOS FIBERS
TB-5 February, 1962
ASBESTOS FIBRE DIVISION
J>-M Plastibest -- an asbestos fiber developed especially for plastics reinforcement -- offers sev eral distinct properties of advantage in polyester molding. Plastibest 20, when used particularly in premixes incorporating glass or sisal fibers, has demon strated an ability to improve the performance of the accompanying fibers as well as add benefits especially its own.
PLASTIBEST 20 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Type of Asbestos: Specific Gravity: Color:
Chrysotile 2.4-2.6 Dry-very light gray Wet-light gray
Chemical Analysis (approximate)
MgO
40
Si02
35
h2o
12
FeO Tr
Fe203
Tr
ai2o3
Tr
42 42 15
6 6 3
BENEFITS OF PLASTIBEST IN POLYESTERS
(a) Improves surface. (b) Improves flow characteristics. (c) Reduces costs (as compared to some com
monly used reinforcing agents). (d) Improves flexural strength. (e) Improves flexuralmodulus. (f) Impact strength suitable for many and varied
applications. (g) Tensile strength suitable for many and varied
applications. (h) Increases Rockwell hardness even at low
loadings. (i) Improves dimensional stability over many re
inforcing agents. (j) Reduces stress cracking.
(k) Compressive strength increased at all prac tical loadings.
(l) Resists degradation in shear type mixers when compared with many commonly used reinforcing agents.
(m) No surface treatment needed as asbestos has excellent affinity for polyester resins.
(n) Good shelf life.
(o) Provides added heat resistance.
(p) Provides low moisture susceptibility.
(q) Aids those applications where heat distortion is a problem.
MOLDED PART PROPERTIES Exceptional finishing characteristics
Light color Excellent surface Good reinforcing properties High heat resistance Excellent dimensional stability
PREMIX PHYSICAL PROPERTY DATA
The following conditions of preparation were used:
Mixer
Baker Perkins Sigma Blade
MoldingTemperature 275F
Molding Pressure 500 psi
Cure Time Catalyst
2 min/l/4-in. thickness
2% catalyst bjr weight of resin
Lubricant
1% Zinc Stearate by weight of total mix
The following qualitative observations should be noted:
1. Absorption--Protrusions of glass or sisal fiber, which are prime sites of attack by . environ mental conditions, are eliminated or lessened by substitution or combination with Plastibest 20.
(ggjur representative in your area is u. A. Boisciair 270 Madison Ave. flew York IS, N Y.
AFD-tSA. 4/62
HEADQUARTERS: Canadian Johns-Manville Co.r Ltd. ,OH's ">I'V!ILC
I P.O. Box 1500, Asbestos, P. Q., Canada u. s. regional sales office: Johns-Manviile Research Center, Asbestos Rbre Sales, Manville, N. J. pTo o'tTc'r S The information in this report is, to our knowledge, true and accurate but all recommendations or suggestions are made without guarantee, since conditions of use are beyond our control.
unto IN U.S.A.
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2. Flow--A premix containing Plastibest 20 flows as a uniform mass under pressure -- there is no separation of components with subsequent resinrich areas as often observed with all-glass or all-sisal reinforcement compounds.
3. Flash--Removal of flash from the part is easier with Plastibest 20 compounds than with sisal compounds.
4. Handleability--Plastibest 20 premix handleability is much better than all-glass or all-sisal com pounds. Far less sticky and more easily ex truded compounds are produced.
5. Degradation--Plastibest 20 is far less suscep tible to fiber degradation, requiring a less crit ical compound mixing operation.
COMPARISON OF PLASTIBEST 20-GLASS PREMIXES
(Correlation)
1. Impact Strength General trend--Impact strength is increased by increasing total reinforcement content, or glass length,-or glass to Plastibest ratio'.
Exceptions--1-in. and 2-in. glass, without Plas tibest, going from. 20 to 30 per cent total reinforcement, decreases .in impact strength.
Explanation--Decrease ' is attributed to high degree of glass fiber degradation.
Degradation of the glass fiber was. observed in all cases where glass was used. It became greater with increasing glass concentration and/or length. However, a degraded, long -fiber may still yield greater strength than a more intact; shorter fiber.
It is believed the longer'fiber inherently possesses greater potential strength; but is more susceptible to degradation, which .has a weakening effect. A point of diminishing returns is therefore reached. With impact strength, this is not observed until a concentration greater than 20 per cent of all glass of either 1-in. or 2-in. length is reached.
2. Flexural Strength General trend-- There was a general trend to ward decreasing strength as total reinforce ment content increased from 20 to 30 per cent.
Exceptions--Samples containing 100% glass of %, %, and 1-in. lengths, and samples contain ing 100% Plastibest 20, increased in flexural strength, probably because the effect of degra dation does not overcome the inherent strength.
Explanation--Plastibest fibers are less sus ceptible to degradation
The trend Of increasing flexural strength with in creasing glass fiber length is not as prominent as with impact strength. In many cases; at the 30 per cent level of total reinforcement, the shorter fibers yield higher strength values. .
It is believed the resulting flexural strength is more dependent on- fiber orientation and degree of degradation than is impact strength.
3. Ultimate .Strength Ultimate strength depends to a large extent:on the
surface contact of the fiber with the resin. When
Plastibest 20 and glass are in combination, there is competition for this.contact; therefore, full sur
face saturation is required to yield full potential
strength.
.. ..
This might explain the fact that some combina tions yield strength values which are not propor tional to the values obtained with either 100%
glass or 100% Plastibest 20.
4. Coefficients of Variation Coefficients of variation show lower values, thus greater uniformity, with samples containing all Plastibest father than all glass.
It would be expected that combinations of glass and Plastibest yield values proportionately be tween those for either,of the two,' but this was not observed. The glass fiber was controlling. One would expect some lowering of the coefficient of variation with an increase, hr Plastibest to glass ratio, but the values will still be closer to the all glass side of the scale. Values of 10 to 15 per cent should be considered to be good -in any case.
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PHYSICAL PROPERTY COMPARISON OF PLASTIBEST 20-GLASS PREMIXES
Resin: 80% General Purpose Polyester
Filler: Calcium Carbonate
Total Plastibest Fiber 20- Glass Content Glass Length
% Ratio in.
Flexural Strength Impact Strength,
Izoi
Value psi
Coeff. of Value Coeff. of Variation ft.lb.fin. Variation Specific
% notch % Gravity
Material Cost, F.O.B.
$/U>.
$/in.a
30 0:1 Vi 18,713 142 8.59 19,1 1.87 03171 0.01466 30 0:1 Vi 22,500 11.1 1481 26.5 1.87 0.2171 0;01466
30 0:1 1 19,000 20.6 10.12 28.5 1.86 03171 0.01458 30 0:1 2 13,656 28.3 11.71 27.9 1.86 03171 0.01458
30 1:2 & 13,655 22.9 5.04 13.5 1.87 0.1991 0.01344
30 1:2 Vi 11,665 16.0 537 22.3 1.87 0.1991 0.01344
30 1:2 i 13,932 29.2 5.85 30.8 1.86 0.1991 0.01337 30 1:2 2 14,276 12.9 7.73 40.2 1.86 0.1991 0.01337
30
2:1
Vi 12,517
19.6
2j10
9.6 1.86 0.1811 0.01212
30 2:1 % 10,287 23.1 3.76 33.1 1.85 0.1811 0.01209
30 2:1 1 11,442 10.9 339 23.9 1.85 0.1811 031209
30 2:1 2 10,152 103 3.65 345 1.84 0.1811 0.01203
30
1:0 -- 12,217
8.0 135
15.5 1.88 0.1631 0.01101
20 0:1 Vi 15,804 14.6 834 19.5 1.87 0.1842 0.01243 20 0:1 Vi 17,054 14.4 10.86 26.4 1.87 0.1842 0.01243
20 0:1 1 15,614 193 11.31 31.0 1.85 0.1842 0.01230 20 0:1 2 18,325 13.0 1417 34.6 1.83 0.1842 0.01217
20 1:3 Vi 14,830 10.6 5.55 263 1.86 0.1752 0.01176 20 1:3 Vi 16,539 12.1 6.19 15.5 1.86 0.1752 0.01176
20 1:3 1 15,412 21.4 6.42 343 1.85 0.1752 0.01170 20 1:3 2 19,385 25.9 6.95 49.3 1.82 0.1762 0.01151
20 1:1 Vk 13,550 15.9 2.74 15.5 1.87 0.1662 0.01122 20 1:1 Vi 13,060 63 3.05 8.9 1.87 0.1662 0.01122
20 1:1 1 13,756 20.4 442 68.9 1.84 0.1662 0.01104 20 1:1 2 11,817 16.2 5.14 55.7 1.83 0.1662 0.01098
20 3:1 Vi 11,131 23.6 .1.97 16.2 1.87 0.1572 0.01061 20 3:1 Vi 11,793 6.4 2.00 8.9 1.87 0.1572 0.01061
20 3:1 1 13,463 12.5 1.73 27.4 1.85 0.1572 0.01050 20 3:1 2 10,977 21.4 1.73 35.0 1.85 0.1572 0.01050
20
1:0 -- 10,306
10.7 1.17
18.1 1.83 0.1482 0.00979
10 0:1 Vi 14,653 113 5.03 246 1.83 0.1513 0.00999 10 0:1 Vi 9,582 213 5.81 32.9 1.81 0.1513 0.00989
10 0:1 1- 11,781. 203 460 52.2 1.81 0.1513 0.00989 10 0:1 2 11,165 21.6 6.84 32.2 1.81 0.1513 0.00989
10 10 10
1 10
10
1:1 Vi 8,769 15.9 1.96 23.8 1.83 0.1423 0.00940
1:1 Vi 7,822 13.7 237 28.6 1.82 0.1423 0.00935
1:1 1
9,993
15.4 2,16
37.6 1.82 0.1423 0.00935
1:1 2
7,017
223 3.65
61.3 1.81 0.1423 0.00930
1:0 --
8,659
11.7 0;63
15.7 1.83 0.1333 0.00881
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PLASTIBEST 20-GLASS REINFORCED PREMIXES
Indicated Reinforcement for Greatest Economy
Besin: 30% General Purpose Polyester
Filler: Calcium Carbonate
Specified, Flexural Strength
pet X10s
>20 18.-20 16-18 16-16 13-16 11-13 10-11
9-10 <9
Specified Izod Impact Strength ft. U>./in. notch
12-16 7-12 6-7 6-6 4-6 3-4 1-3 >1
Reinforcement Indicated
Total Content
%
Plastibest 20Glass Ratio
Glass Length
in.
30 0:1 % 20 1:8 2 20 1:2 2 15 1:2 2
10 0:1 Vi
16 3:1 1 10 1:2 1 10 3:1 1
10 1:0 --
Reinforcement Indicated
Total Content
%
Plastibest 20Glass Ratio
Glass Length
in.
20 0:1 2
16 0:1 2 10 0:1 2 10 1:3 2 10 1:2 2 10 1:1 2 10 3:1 2 10 1:0 --
Material Cost,F.O.B.
$/in.s
0.01466 0.01161 0.01131 0.01046 0.00999 0.00976 0.00953 0.00905 0.0081
Impact Strength Obtained, Izod Ft. lb./in. notch
14-16 6-7 6-7 6-6 5-6 1-2 4-5 1-2
<1
Material Flexural Strength
Cost, F.O.B.
Obtained
$/in.s
psi X103
0.01217 0.01101 0.00989 0.00958 0.00949 0.00930 0.00905 0.00881
18-19 ca. 16
11-12 ca. 8 ca. 8
7- 8 7- 8 8- 9
EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT SEQUENCES OF REINFORCEMENT INCORPORATION
Total Fiber Content: 20% Besin: General Purpose Polyester
Total Besin Content: 80% Filler: Calcium Carbonate
Plastibest 20- Glass
Glass
Length
Ratio
inches
Fiber Incorporated
First
Flexural Strength
Impact Strength, Izod
Value, psi
Coefficient of
Coefficient of
Variation,- % ft. lb./in. notch Variation, %
1:3 1:3 1:3 3:1 3:1 3:1 1:3 1:3 1:3 3:1 3:1 3:1
2
. -J 2 2 2 2
Vi Vi Vi Vi Vi Vi
Plastibest 20 Glass Simultaneously Plastibest -20 Glass Simultaneously Plastibest 20 Glass Simultaneously Plastibest 20 Glass Simultaneously
.
16,364 12,612 19,385 11,750 12,814 10,977 16,882 15,654 14,830 11,458 13,630 11,131
27.4 20.1 25.9, 19.9 11.9 21.4 8.5
5.8 10.6 21.0 13.2 23.6
10.02 4.74 6.95 1.79 2.14 1.73 5.37 2.97 5.55 1.68 1.93 1.97
50.8 57.3 49.3 22.6 16.1 35.0 19.8 15.3 26.2 17.1 16.9 16.2
When Plastibest No. 20 and Glass 2" are premixed .and then added to the gunk, the glass fiber is cushioned by the asbestos; therefore, a greater flexural strength is obtained. The glass fiber is not degraded as much when protected by asbestos.
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;iivB .^^iCOMPARISbN OF PLASTIBEST20 AND CONVENTIONAL ASBESTOS FIBERS INl
!*
*'$'*# >fljibi7iiL: '^MrmkdwSs^WM'^ MatffiM CostMMSM "Boom *
,j%L iwfefe ,:
~^ 1 1.25 ' ;''^!0.0035 -
'aO:if#?~Klfp
m-
.____________ `. -H -fo v'');!//i, -
0-?3 .:..>(K604irS^
_____________ *
*;
.`.f.'1 /rV.
llWMPi-'V ^ 7.790
Wk
'^^tiJb^Sj)K<;^l,306>o^i';^347 ?/;$?
' 0-^if
|
/ii00^>^v. 0.0055-V ,l^ff:^0;lS42 ' 0,9089^!^^
f^jp^:^$J;^,-|.K.:8)795 -, T - 0;36 ':;5 0.0050 ; ^gfcv .? 0^262 ' 0:0084f.^f$fefp
----------3-----P--6---#---:----->--.--?-*--v---:--'-7-,-8--6--0-' .YjA^'-:'.15% Plastibest20 . .- ^ \ , +10% 44-in.-Glass . 11,780
15% 4K28 ^-f-lOfo i/4-in..;Glass . 14,167 ` `*: vi**K<tL'a'
.' -12>890 ' **4^Wfc"tR66 ' -: '
: %-iny Glass 14,827
. 0.28 : 0.0070 ' 1;85-v 0;1186 0.00791. 3.20 0.0030 1*84 0.1690 0.01121 2.31 1.85 r 0;1590 0.01061 2.95 1.85-. V 0.1525 0.01019 2.74 0.0055 . 1.85; 0.1470 . 0.00983
'5 *
;i'^vEffect.'of increasing. .
usually
.^^iftbep length ; '
increased
increased decreased unchanged increased increased increased
-:'s h:$v' :"'<'
* ! ......... '
'
'
-'*'.'>{ .iff*
. ? y, ;r .;:Specific Gravity
-...- c
-:' Material Cost, $/lb.,,F.O.B.
Material Cost, ?/in.8, F.O.B.
1.95 ft. lb./in. unnotched
1.82 0.1237 0.00813
Flow H20 Absorption, 24 hr. Shelf Life, Room Temperature
most excellent 0.28 per cent, max. 2 weeks, min.
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EFFECTS OF VARIATION OF RESIN CONTENT
Resin: General Purpose Polyester
_______ Filler: Calcium Carbonate
Total Plastir Resin Fiber best 20Content Content Glass
% fo Ratio
25 30 26 30
1:2 1:2
Glass Length inches
%
2
lzad Impact Strength ft-lbf in* notch
4.52 4.56
25 30 2:1 V4. 2.09
25 30 2:1
2 3.65
25 20 25 20
1:3 1:3
4.29 2 6.17
25 20 25 20
3:1 Yh
3:1. 2
2.00 1.54
30 30 1:2 Yh 5.04
30 30 1:2 2 7.73
30 30 30 30
2:1 2:1
Y%*
2.10 3.65
30 20 1:3 Mi 5.55
30 20 1:3
2 6.95
30 20 3:1 Yd, 1.97
30 20 3:1
2 1.73
35 30 1:2 Yd, 4.90
35 30 1:2 2 7.61
35 30 2:1 Vi' 2.53
36 30 2:1 2 3.69
35 20 1:3 Yd> 4.43
35 20 1:3 2 6.55
35 20 3:1 y* 2.14
35 20 3:1
2 2.12
Flexural Strength
psi
12,164 13,700
12,509 11,193
14,194 13,197
8,310 9,836
13,655 14,276
12,517 10,152
14,830 19,385
11,131 10,977
16,285 15,155
14,514 14,370
13,342 13,600
10,320 9,360
Flexural Modulus psi x i0
1.30 1.27 1.39 1.36 1.28 1.18 1.12 1.17
1.27 1.04 1.09 0.98 1.00 0.95 1.01 0.89
Water Shrinkage Absorption
injin. 24 hr. %
0.0030 0.43
Specific Gravity
1.92 1.93
0.0025 0.31 1.92 1.93
0.0030 0.30 1.89 1.89
0.0026 0.30 1.88 1.88
1.87 1.86
1.86 1.84
1.86 1.82
1.87 1.85
0.0035 0.30 1.75 1.70
1.74 1.71
0.0030 0.32 1.75 1.71
1.75 1.70
t/lb
0.1835 0.1835
0.1655 0.1655
0.1596 0.1596
0.1416 0.1416
0.1991 0.1991
0.1811 0.1811
0J1762 0.1762
0.1572 0.1572
0.2147 0.2147
0.1967 0.1967
0.1908 0.1908
0.1728 0.1728
f/infi
0.01271 0.01279
0.011470.01153
0.01089 0.01089
0.00961 0.00961
0.01344 0.01337
0.01216 0.01203
0.01176 0.01151
0.01061 0.01050
0.01356 0.01318
0.01236 0.01214
0.01205 0.01178
0.01092 0.01060
PROPERTIES OF PLASTIBEST 20-SISAL NO. 70 PREMIXES Resin Content: 30%, Constant Resin: General Purpose Polyester Filler: Calcium Carbonate
Total Fiber
Content
%
30 30 30
Plastibest 20Sisal No. 70
Ratio
0:1 1:5 1:2
Flexural Strength
psi
6,233 7,087 8,010
liod Impact Strength
Mb/. in. notch
3.16 3.19 2.23
Flexural Modulus ' pd x 10&
0*611
Water Absorption
24hr.%
9.64 5.76 2.94
Shrinkage Win.
0.0045 0.0035 0.0043
Specific Gravity
1.60 1.65 1.58
v - t/lb
0.1646 0.1644 0.1641
t/infi
0.00891 0.00920 0.00936
30 1:1 . .9,543 2.31 0.876 2.42 0.0045 1.59 0.1639 0.00944
30
2:1
10,780
2.20
1.46 0.0047 1.69 0.1636 0.00998
30
5:1
11,210
1.70 0.996
1.24 0.0040 1.75 0.1634 0.01032
30 1:0 12,217 1.25 1.092 0.67 0.0035 1.83 0.1631 0.01101
20 0:1
5,320 3.20 0.785
2.43 0.0060 1.57 0.1492 0.00846
20 1:3
8,720
2.43
2.03 0.0059 1.64 0.1490 0.00882
20 1:1
8,569
1.84 0.908
1.23 0.0055 1.69 0.1487 0.00907
20 3:1
9,763
1.46
0.73 0.0057 1.75 0.1485 0.00938
20
1:0
10,306
1.17 1.068
0.43 0.0055 83 0.1482 0.00979
10 0:1 10 1:1 10 1:0
6,267 6,290 8,659
2.25 0.945 1.01 0.944 0.63 1.061
2.09 0.0041 1.68 0.1338 0.00811 0.38 0.0045 1.76 0.1336 0.00849 0.32 0.0050 1.83 0.1333 0.00881
Addition of Plastibest No. 20 to Sisal No. 70:
Flex--increase Impact--decrease Flexural Modulus--increase Water Absorption--decrease considerably
Shrinkage--slight decrease Specific Gravity--increase Flash--removal improved substantially
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