Document GK4ZJR5rnn5RXEk1Oe5erLEpN

FILE NAME: Smoking (SMOK) DATE: 1955 July DOC#: SMOK042 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Science Digest Article - How Short Cigarette is Smoked is Important % <. See / P a g e 23 Id means fo you r Sntcin an d Sunglasses........................................ 1 "Priceless Ashes o f the Atomic Furnaces............ 4 W h at Einstein G ave U s.................................. 10 A m azing Eyes of Insects.................................................13 O bservatories in the S k y .................................................17 Getting Rid of "Trash" Fish .......................................... 21 Science Frauds and F a ilu re s........................................23 W hat's on Your M in d ?................................................... 29 Understanding the U niverse....................................... 53 Is Jet Noise D e afen in g ?................................................ 39 Diamonds in th e 'Ju n k p ile ..............................................41 Can Cloud-Seeding Stop Storm s?.........................46 The Progress of M edicine..............................................48 Truth About Violent In sa n ity........................................53 Don't le t W ords T'ick Y o u ...........................................59 N ew M arvels o f Tape R ecording............................ 63 Strange Rhythms in l i f e .................................................67 30,400 Miles an H o u r...................................................... / i So lar Power Is Com ing!.................................................73 Glittering Yarns ................................................................ -77 Super-Efficient Vacuum Pum p..................................79 Taking the O ceans' Tem perature............................ 83 Science Milestone: R ee d .................................................85 Inventions, Patents, Processes.....................................92 W hat Makes Appetite? . . . . Inside Front Cover 3-Year-O lds' G ra m m a r............Inside Back Cover Sleeping and D re am in g ..........................Back Cover 12 SCIENCE DIGEST July ter agreement with what was ob served and experienced than was the Newtonian universe which educated men and women had accepted for three centuries. Newton's universe was plausible enough up to a point. I t worked rea sonably well. I t was a machine uni verse. Like many a machine it creaked and groaned, showing that something was wrong. The planet M ercury, for instance, did not move around the sun as it ought to. E in stein examined the machine, took it apart mercilessly, then scrapped it. He found that if the universe were treated as a problem in higher geom etry the perturbations of Mercury were no longer anomalies. Considered in the light of this sketchy record it is apparent that cosmology and atomic physics of to day are largely the creation of Ein stein, even though his original con ceptions have been modified. No wonder that the head of every scien tist was bowed when the news came from Princeton that the most pene trating and .fearless intellect of our time was no more. - How Short Cigarette Is Smoked Is Important I law short you smoke your cigarette is found to be important by the chemi cal laboratory of the American Medical Association. The latest of a series of reports on cigarettes, cigarette smoke and filters appears in The Journal o f the American M edical Association. It is summarized by Ihe American Medical Association: " I f you are concerned about how much nicotine and tar gets to your mouth when you smoke, you almost have to have a chart in your hand. If i you want the least amount, you would well to smoke a king-size laminated asbestos-paper filter cigarette, but only if you put it out while the butt is about an inch and a half long. If you smoke it any shorter, you get more nicotine and tar than you do from a regular size. "Other filtered king-size cigarettes let a little more nicotine and tar through. A regular length no-filter brand screens out still less, but you can smoke it down to about an inch and get less nicotine and tar than if you smoke a king-size right down to the filter. You would be better off if you smoked even a non filter king-size and threw it away when it got to the inch-and-a half stage. This means, the laboratory said, that you cannot get more protection and a longer smoke at the same time, in spite of what the advertisements say.; " It does not seem to make much dif ference whether you smoke a regular cigarette or some filter-tip kind, since tobacco itself is as good a filter as some of the tips. Butja length of filter made from cellulose acetate fiber, asbestospaper, or activated charcoal with paper is a more efficient screaner than the same length of tobacco at the end of a regular brand."**!, jn ijo ci! AMAZING EYES oi INSECTS by toroi J . and M argery 1. Milne Condensed from Frontiers Eyes are such prized possessions th at everyone is interested in how they operate. Our own eyes, built somewhat like a camera, are complex organs in which a lens focuses a little picture on a lightsensitive layer, the retina. Accord ing to that little picture, we interpret the world around us. Many animals' eyes are built on entirely different plans, and we can not assume they see what we see. Of all the animals without backbones, the largest group with eyes are the insects. Most insects have at least a pair of eyes. M any adult insects bear on their heads five separate eyes-- three in the middle of the forehead and a larger one on each side. The three forehead eyes, called simple eyes or ocelli, each have a single lens that concentrates light on sensitive cells below it. These lenses Frertticrt, the m i In e of the Academy of Nat ural Sciences. J9lh and the Parkway. Philadel phia J . Pa. (Apr. '55). are not far enough from the lightsensitive cells for focus and a sharp image to be achieved. As a result, the ocelli are useful chiefly in determ in ing if there is a source of light ahead. The larger eyes on the sides of the head are more complicated. Each consists of from a dozen to several hundred eye units called ommatidin. An ommatidium is long and tapering, with a lens at its larger outer end and light-sensitive cells deeper. O r dinarily it is shielded from its neigh bors by special cells filled with dense black pigment. Each ommatidium stares unwinkingly at a small part of the scene