Document G73yMG1zY2ZDRyeO69owJ98Y

TECH CAL <3/70 BULLETIN / \ AROCLOR PLASTICIZERS A series of inert, chemically-resistant, fire-retarding plasticizers compatible with wide variety of resins. TECHNICAL BULLETIN O/PL-306A Monsanto 0019397 TOWOLDMON0020505 AROCLOR PLASTICIZERS A series of inert, chemically-resistant, fire-retarding plasticizers compatible with wide variety of resins. TECHNICAL BULLETIN O/PL-306A CAUTION : see sections entitled Toxicity and Safe Handling, and Environmental Hazzards, on page 12. "Notlilni contain*) httilnIt to bt construod as t rocommondition to us my pioduct in conflictwith any patent MONSANTO MAKES NO WARRANTIES AS TO THE FITNESS OR MERCHANTABILITY OF ANY PRODUCTS REFERRED TO, no luerantet ol satisfactory lasulli from reliance upon contamad Inlormition 01 recommendations. md disclaims ill liability (or any tosullmi loss 01 darneie." Organic Chemical* Division/800 N. Lindbergh Blvd./St. Louis, Missouri 63166 0019 3" TOWOLDMON0020506 Introduction The unique Aroclor plasticizers are among the most versatile chemi cally produced materials available. One outstanding characteristic -- inertness -- makes Aroclor useful in many ways for many different applications. The major benefits offered by Aroclor include: Chemical Resistance Fire Retardance Compatibility with most resins Nonoxidation Adhesivity Low Cost Monsanto's Aroclor plasticizers comprise a series of chlorinated bi phenyls and chlorinated polyphenyls. They vary from mobile, oily liquids to white crystals and hard, transparent resins. Twelve of the Aroclor plasticizers, each of which represents a series, are discussed in this bulletin. An understanding of the system for designation of each Aroclor should prove useful in the evaluation of the property gradations among them. The last two digits indicate the approximate weight percentage of chlorine in the product, and the first two digits indicate the type of material, as follows: 12 -- chlorinated biphenyls 25 -- blend of chlorinated biphenyls and chlorinated triphenyls (75:25) 44 -- blend of chlorinated biphenyls and chlorinated triphenyls (60:40) 54 -- chlorinated triphenyls For nearly every Aroclor mentioned, a darker, less-pure grade exists, with about the same physical and chemical characteristics, but lower in price. Solubility________ ________________________ The Aroclor liquids and resins are readily soluble in most common organic solvents and drying oils. Although all Aroclor plasticizers are insoluble in water, the hard, crystalline materials are generally less soluble than the liquids and softer resins. Solubilities of some Aroclor plasticizers are shown in Table 1. 0019399 3 TOWOLDMONOQ20507 0 0V6T00 TABLE 1 SOLUBIUHES OF AROCLOR PLASTICIZERS IN VARIOUS SOLVENTS Solvent Acid Acetic Acid Oleic Acid Benzoic Acid Arocfor 1242 25-C Hot S S 10.0m s s -- Arocfor 124$ 25*C Hot _ -- 10.0""' _ -- -- Arocfor 1254 2rc Hot Ss Ss ---- Arocfor 1268 Cold Hot __ ---- ---- Aldehyde 40% Formaldehyde Furfural ,11,,111 VS vs vs vs VS vs ss ss Amine Aniline Pyridine S 132.5"'c s 440STC - ss - 114S1-C 425"""C - - Chloro derivatives Amyl chlorides -- mixed s s s s S s Carbon Tetrachloride s s s s s s ---- Chloroform s ss s ssss Oichlorethylene -- -------------- Ethylene Dichloride s s s s s s s s Monochlorobenzene s s s s s s ---- Orthodichlorobenzene -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Tetrachlorethane s s s s s s ---- Trichlorethane s s s s s s ---- Trichlorethylene s s s s s s ---- Drying Oil Tung Oil Linseed Oil ssssss s sssss 1s Ester Amyl Acetate SSSSSSss Butyl Acetate SSSSSSss "Ceffosolve"* Acetate S s S S S S ---- Cottonseed Oil S S S S S s ---- Dibutyl Phthalate S SS SSsss Arocfor 4465 Cold Hot ss s s vs ---- Arocfor 5460 25*C _ -- -- ,, vs vs -- vs vs vs vs - vs vs vs vs 1S6 vs vs -- vs vs -- vs vs -- vs vs -- vs vs -- vs vs -- vs vs -- vs vs -- vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs s vs s vs - -- -- -- - TOWOLDMON0020508 Diethyl Phthalate S s s s s s - - s vs - Ethyl Acetate S s s s s s SS SS s vs -- Ethyl Lactate S s s s s s 1 S vs vs -- Ethylene Glycol Diacetate S s s s s s -- -- vs vs -- Methyl Acetate S s s s s s SS SS s s - Tricresyl Phosphate S s s s s s -- -- SS s -- Ether: Ethyl Ether S s s s s s s s s---- Ether Alcohol Catbitoi' 22431c Cellosolve S Diethylene Glycol -- l,p'-Dihydroxy Ethyl Ether 16.923c 307WC s -- 1999-C vs s -- SS vs 17328c 259MOC 1 sss 1 -------- SS 830C -- s SS -- s S-- --s -- -- SS -- -- -- -- -- Hydrocarbon Benzene Gasoline Kerosene Mineral Spirits Paraffin Pine Oil Toluene Turpentine Xylene VS VS vs vs vs vs s s vs vs 143 vs vs vs vs vs vs -- -- vs vs -- vs vs vs vs vs vs SS s vs vs -- vs vs vs vs vs vs S s vs vs -- 2.0275C s 2.028OC s --s -- -- 5.0 s -- s s vs vs s s s s s s -- VS vs vs vs vs vs s s vs vs 142 vs vs vs vs vs vs s s vs vs -- vs vs vs vs vs vs s s vs vs 178 Hydroxy derivatives Amyl Alcohol s s -- -- s s SS s s s -- /?-Butyl Alcohol s s -- -- s s 1 SS SS s -- Ethyl Alcohol (3-A) 23.3290C go.oTM"5 -- -- HPTM 2875*0 1 1 SS -- -- Glycerine 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1-- Methyl Alcohol 42.52SOC 335oc -- -- 1520c 22.2c -- -- SS -- -- Phenol - 90% 19430t s -- -- SS S SS s s s -- Ketone: Acetone S s -- -- s S 1 1 s s 260 Miscellaneous Carbon Disulfide Nitrobenzene Water s s ---- s S s s vs vs -- S s -- -- s s -- -- vs -- -- _1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ! 1 I -- Insoluble SS -- Slightly Soluble S -- Soluble VS -- Very Soluble. Figures show grams of Arodor per 100 milliliters of solvent at 25*C unless otherwise indicated. TlMMlttf(ManCarMM Car*. TOWOLDMON0020509 TABLE Z CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF REPRESENTATIVE AROCLOR PLASTICIZERS ANO RESINS Property Appearance Aroclor 1221 Clear, mobile oil Aroclor 1232 Clear, mobile oil Aroclor 1242 Clear, mobile oil Aroclor 1248 Clear. mobile oil Aroclor 1254 Light-yellow viscous liquid Color, maximum *100 APHA *100 APHA *100 APHA 100 APHA MOO APHA Chlorine, percent 20.5-21.5 Acidity, mg KOH/g, maximum *0.014 Moisture, ppm. maximum - Ave. Coefficient of Expansion, cc/cc/*C 0.00071 |15*-40*C) Specific Gravity *1.182-1.192 (25715.5`C) Density, pounds per gallon, 25*C 8.B5 Distillation Range, *C, corrected (ASTM 0-20, modified) 275-320 Evaporation Loss. %. 100*C, 6 hours (ASTM 0*6, mod.) 163*C, 5 hours 1.0-1.5 Flash Point (Cleveland Open Cup), *C 141-150 F 286-302 Fite Point (Cleveland Open Cup), *C 176 *F 349 Pour Point (ASTM E-97), *C 1 (crystals) *F 34 (crystals) Softening Point (ASTM E-28), *C F Refractive Index, n 0*20 2Q'C 1.617-1.618 Viscosity, Seconds Saybolt Universal (ASTM 0-88) 100*F <37.8*0 130*F <54.4*0 210`F (98.9*C) 38-41 35-37 30-31 *Mstiunto $p*cMc*tl*AI. 31.5-32.5 0.014 0.00073 <25*-100*C) 1.270-1.280 (25715.5*0 10.55 290-325 1.0-1.5 152-154 305-310 238 460 -35.5 -32 - 1.620-1.622 *44-51 39-41 31-32 42 *0.015 50 0.00068 (25*-65*C) *1.381-1.392 (25715.5`C) 11.50 325-366 0-0.4 3.0-3.6 176-180 348-356 None to boiling point --19 2 - 1.627-1.629 *82-92 49-56 34-35 48 o.oio 50 0.00070 (25,-65'C) 1.405-1.415 (65715.5*0 12.04 340-375 0-0.3 3.0-4.0 193-196 379-384 None to boiling point -7 19.4 - 1.630-1.631 185-240 73-90 36-37 54 0.010 50 0.00Q66 (25*-65*C) *1.495-1.505 (65715.5`C) 12.82 365-390 0-0.2 1.1 -1.3 None to boiling point None to boiling point 10 50 - 1.639-1.641 1800-2500 260-340 *44-48 0019402 TOWOLDMON002051 Arocfor mo Light-yellow, soft. sticky resin 150 APHA 60 *0.014 *50 0.00067 POMOOT) 1.555-1.560 (90715.5`C) 13.50 385-420 0-0.1 0.6-0.8 None to boiling point None to boiling point 31 68 1.647-1.649 Arocfor 1262 Arocfor sw Light-yellow sticky, viscous resin Clear yellow sticky resin *150 APHA 61.5-62.5 0.014 2 NPA (molten) 42 0.05 - 0.00064 (25*-65*C) 1.572-1.583 (90715.5*0 - 0.00123 (25*-98*C) 1.470 (25725`C) 13.72 390-425 12.24 215-300 (4 mm. Hg) 0-0.1 0.5-0.8 0.01 0.2 None to boiling point 247 477 None to boiling point >350 >662 38-38 99 46 115 *46-52 115-126 1.6501 -1.6517 - Arocfor 4465 Clear. light-yellow, resin *2 NPA (molten) 65 0.05 Arocfor 2565 Arocfor 5460 Arocfor 1268 Black, opaque. brittle resin _ Clear, yellowto-amber. brittle resin or flakes 2 NPA (molten) White to off-white powder *1.5 NPA (molten) 65 58.5-60.6 68 1.4 0.05 0.05 - 0.00061 (25*-65*C) 1.670 (25725'C) 13.91 230-320 (4 mm. Hg) - 0.00066 (25*-65DC) 1.734 (25725'C) 14.44 _ - 0.00178 (25,-124,C) 1.670 (25-/25*C> 13.91 280-335 (5 mm. Hg) - 0.00067 |20,-100*C) 1.804-1.811 (25725*0) 15.09 435-450 0-0.02 0.2-0.3 None to boiling point None to boiling point _ 0.2-0.3 _ _ -- 0.03 None to boiling point None to boiling point _ 0-0.06 0.1 -0.2 None to boiling point None to boiling point *60-66 140-151 1.664-1.667 *66-72 149-162 - *98-105 208-222 1.660-1.665 M50-170 (hold 302-338 point) - 3200-4500 *72-78 "Monunte IptcHMlMt. 600-850 (180`F; 71'C) 86-100 300-400 90-150 -- (266*F; 130*C) ---- ooi'*1'03 TOWOLDMONOQ2051 Density All the Aroclor plasticizers are heavier than water, a valuable property for many applications. Densities are shown in Figure 1. Temperature, C Fig. 1 -- Densities of Aroclor Plasticizers at Various Temperatures Specific Volume 0019404 The specific volume of Aroclor 1248 at different temperatures is as follows: Tempereture m 0 100 200 300 400 000 600 Aroclor 1248 Specific Volume fm/lgj 0.674 0.699 0.726 0.756 0.790 0.828 0.870 TOWOLDMONOQ20512 Volatility The low vaporization loss of Aroclor plasticizers is indicated in Table 3. TABLE 3 VAPORIZATION RATES OF AROCLOR PLASTICIZERS Plasticizer (Surface area: 12.28 sq. cm.) Wt. Loss (8) Exposure at 100'C (hr.) Vaporization Rate (glsq. cm.lhr.) Aroclor 12Z1 0.5125 24 0.00174 Aroclor 1232 0.2572 24 0.000874 Aroclor 1242 0.0995 24 0.000338 Aroclor 1248 0.0448 24 0.000152 Cloratin* -42-S 0.0745 48 0.000126 Dioctyl phthalate 0.0686 48 0.000117 Dutrax" 25 0.0256 24 0.000087 Aroclor 1254 0.0156 24 0.000053 Shell Dutrex 20 0.0047 24 0.000016 Aroclor 1262 0.0039 24 0.000013 Aroclor 1260 0.0026 24 0.000009 Aroclor 4465 0.0064 72 0.000007 Aroclor 5442 0.0039 72 0.000004 Aroclor 5460 0.0032 72 0.000004 Tricresyl phosphate 0.0010 24 0.000003 It is concluded that the vaporization rates of Aroclor plasticizers -- especially the most widely used 1254 and 1260 -- compare most favorably with the similar constants of other plasticizers selected specifically for these tests because of their low vaporization rates. "TndMntrfcaf SMIOilCo. 0019*05 9 TOWOLDMONOQ20513 Vapor Pressure The vapor pressures of several Aroclor plasticizers are indicated in. Figure 2 over the temperature range 150 to 300C. 10T, K 00X9*06 Temperature, C Fig. 2 -- Vapor Pressures of Aroclor Plasticizers The estimated vapor pressures of several Aroclor plasticizers at 100F shown in the following table were determined by extrapolation from the values shown in Figure 2. Approximate Vapor Pressure of Aroclor Plasticizers Estimated at lOO9 F (37.8' C) Aroclor 1232 0.005 mm. Hg Aroclor 1242 0.001 mm. Hg Aroclor 1248 0.00037 mm. Hg Aroclor 1254 0.00006 mm. Hg TOWOLDMONOQ20514 Viscosity The viscosities of the Aroclor plasticizers vary according to whether the base material is a biphenyl or a poiyphenyl and on the degree of chlorination. In general the low-chlorinated biphenyls have the lowest viscosities (Figure 3). 11 TOWOLDMONOQ20515 Toxicity And Safe Handling Inhtlathn At ordinary temperatures the Aroclor chlorinated polyphenyls have not presented industrial toxicological problems. The hazard of potential toxic exposure varies with their volatility: the lower-chlorinated, morevolatile ones present more of a potential problem from the standpoint of both inhalation and skin contact. When Aroclor plasticizers are used at elevated temperatures, engineering controls must be applied, either by the use of closed systems or by effective local-exhaust ventilation together with general workroom exhaust. Vapor of the liquid Aroclor plasticizers at room temperature should not be breathed in a confined space, and no vapor of any Aroclor evolved at elevated temperatures should be allowed to be dispersed into the general workroom. Inhalation tests on animals indicate that the maximum safe concen tration of vapor is in the range of from 0.5 to 1.0 milligram of the lower-chlorinated Aroclor plasticizers per cubic meter of air. The threshold limit values (maximum allowable concentration for an 8hour working day) set by the American Conference of Government Hygienists are 1.0 milligram of the lower-chlorinated Aroclor com pounds per cubic meter of air and 0.5 milligram of the more-highlychlorinated compounds, such as Aroclor 1254, per cubic meter of air. Skin Contact Schwartz patch tests on 200 volunteers showed that Aroclor 1254 was neither a primary skin irritant or a sensitizer. Prolonged or repeated skin contact with the Aroclor plasticizers must be avoided by the use of gloves and protective garments, because of the possible occurrence of a condition called chloracne. Although re ports of this condition caused by Aroclor are rare, it can be produced by excessive skin contact. If any Aroclor is spilled on the skin the skin should be washed in the usual manner with a soap solution. A burn caused by contact with a hot Aroclor should be treated like any ordinary bum. Aroclor plasticizer adhering to the burned area need not be removed immediately, unless treatment of the bum demands it, in which case either soap and water or repeated washings with a vegetable oil are recommended. 0019400 12 TOWOLDMONOQ20516 Environmental Hazards Aroclor 1232, Aroclor 1242, Aroclor 1248, Aroclor 1254, Aroclor 1260, Aroclor 1262, Aroclor 1268, Aroclor 4465, and Montar 1 all contain polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) of various types and in varying amounts. PCB residues in small amounts have been found in the environment and some studies have indicated that they may be harmful to certain forms of animal life. Extreme care should therefore be taken by all users of PCB-containing products to prevent any entry into the environment through spills, leakage, use, disposal, vaporization or otherwise. Further, the products in which PCB materials are used, or which are formulated using PCB materials as a component, should be given careful study to eliminate the possibility that PCB might reach the environment as a result of use in a given application. Some specific applications where the use of PCB should definitely be avoided are in paints and sealants for swimming pools, paints and waterproofing agents in silos and other buildings where food products for humans or animals are stored, and as a component of any container or wrapping used in the packaging of food products. 0019^09 13 TOWOLDMONOQ20517 Shipping Freight Classification Aroclor 1221, 1232, 1242, Synthetic Resin, Liquid, NOIBN 1248, 1254, 1260, 1262 Rail Classification Aroclor 1268, 4465, 5442, 5460 Synthetic Resin, Other Than Liquid, NOIBN Truck Classification Aroclor 1268 Aroclor 4465, 5442, 5460 Synthetic Resin, Powder, NOI Synthetic Resin, Lumps or Solid Mass, NOI Shipping Regulations None Standard Containers Aroclor 1221 Aroclor 1232 Aroclor 1242, 1248, 1254, 1260, 1262 Aroclor 1268 Aroclor 4465 Aroclor 5442 Aroclor 5460 (flaked) Tank car, 520-lb. steel drum, 50-lb. can Tank car, 550-lb. steel drum, 50-lb. can Tank car, 600-lb. steel drum, 50-lb. can 200-lb. fiber drum, 25-lb. fiber drum 500-lb. steel drum, 50-lb. can 450-lb. steel drum, 50-lb. can 50-lb. bag 00194X0 TOWOLDMONOQ20518 oomu 15 TOWOLDMONOQ20519 DISTRICT SALES OFFICES ALL DIVISIONS AKRON, OHIO 44313 260 Springside Drive Montrose Development Perk Tel. 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(803) 239-9171 NEW YORK, NEW YORK 10001 350 Fifth Ave. Tel. (212) 666-5100 MONSANTO. S00 N. LINDBERGH BLVD.. ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI 63166 3/70 00IV 'll i f-3092 0870 6 IIThO IN U.S.A. 0019*13 Monsanto 800 N. LINDBERGH BLVD., ST. LOUIS. MISSOURI 63166 TOWOLDMONOQ20521