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Quality Assurance Project Plan Multi-City Study Sampling Task (N100666) A R226-0076 Revision No.: I Effective Date; M ay 14,1999 _________________________________ ________ _______________________________ P a g e i o f iv Quality Assurance Project Plan for _ Empirical Human Exposure Assessment Multi-City Study Sampling Task To (Confidential) May 14,1999 Prepared by BatteUe 397 Washington Street Duxbury, MA 02332 (781) 934-0571 APPROVALS Donald Gunster ^ Sampling Task Leader /haAu~'"/l4 tM L '______ Rosanna Buhl BatteUe Sampling Task QA Officer Marcia Nishiolca BatteUe Project Manager \M k)\M K SJr\/JU ih Susan Abbgy BatteUe Program QA Office^ s h ih Date 5 -)8 -q q Date Date r f i y i f a s tu fa Date Date 000439 US00004562 Quality Assurance Project Plan Multi-City Study Sampling Task (N100666) Joseph Fiksel Marcia Nishioka SuanAbbgy Donald Gimster Rosanna Buhl Wayne Trulli Scott Macomber Chris Gagnon Kelly Irizarry Robert MandeviUe Richard Restucci Kim Andrews Distribution List Revision No.: 1 Effective Date: May 14, 1999 ______________ Page ii o fv 000440 US00004563 Quality Assurance Project Plan Revision No.: 1 Multi-City Study Sampling Task (N100666) Effective Date: May 14, 1999 ______________________________________ Page Hi o f v CONTENTS 1. PROJECT NAME-------2. REQUESTED BY-------- ,1 1 3. DATE OF REQUEST-TM. 1 4. DATE OF INITIATION,. ,1 5. PROJECT MANAGEMENT,. 6. QUALITY ASSURANCE (QA) MANAGEMENT---------------------------------------------------------------1 7. PROJECT DESCRIPTION_________________________________________________________________2 7.1 Background............................................................ 2 7.2 Objectives.................................. 2 7.3 TECHNICALAPPROACH.......................................................................................... 3 7.3.1 Permissions............................................................................................................................................ 7 7.3.2 Precautions.................................................................................. 8 7.3.3 Sampling locations "within Each City........................................... *................................................. ......8 7.3.4 A ir Sampling................................................................................................... 9 7.3.5 Water Sampling...........................................................- ........................................................................ 9 7.3.6 Sediment Samplingfrom Municipal Water Source...,............... - ................................................. . 10 7.3.7 POTW Sampling........................................................ 10 7.3.5 Landfill Leachate Sampling.................................................................................................................... 10 7.3.9 Food Sampling.............................................. ......................................... - ........................................ . 10 7.3.70 Finfish...................................................................................................................................................... 10 8, SCHEDULE OF MILESTONES AND DELIVERABLES. 11 9. ORGANIZATION AND RESPONSIBLITIES_________ 9.1 Project Personnel...................................... 0,9. Training............... . 11 ............................................ 11 ............................................ 12 10. QUALITY ASSURANCE OBJFA1TTVFS.... 10.1 Accuracy................................................ 10.2 precision.................................................. 10.3 Representativeness............................... 10.4 Comparability....................................lltr 105 COMPlETENFSR... ............... __________ ____ ___ 13 ............................................ 14 ............................................ 14 ............. ...............................14 ............................................ 14 ............................................ 13 11. SAMPLING PROCEDURES_______ __ _ 11.1 DOCUMENTATIONANDSHIPPING.................................................................................................................. 15 11.1.1 Sampling Logs.......................................................................................... 15 11.1.2 Sample Skipping.................................................................................................................................... 15 11.1.3 ' Sampling Location................................................................................................................................. 15 11.1.4 Sampling Labeling............................................ 17 11.2 Urban A ir ............................................................................................. 17 11.2.1 PUF and Filter Preparation............................................................................................................ 17 11.2.2 Air Sample Collection...........................................................................................................................17 11.2.3 Air Quality Control Samples................................................................ 19 11.2.4 A ir Sample Shipment.................................................................................... 19 11.3 Drinking Water.................................................................................................'...................................... 19 11.3.1 Surface-Water Collection.....................................................................................................................20 / 1.3.2 Water Quality Control Samples...................................... - ..................................................................20 11.3.3 Water Sample Shipment......................................................................................................................... 20 11.4 Sediment from D rinking-w a t e r s o u r c e ..................................................................................................... 20 11.4.1 Sediment Sample Collection................................................................................................................ 20 11.4.2 Sediment Quality Control.................................................................................................................... 21 11.4.3 Sediment Sample Shipping....... ....................................................... 21 000441 US00004564 Quality Assurance Project Plan Multi-City Study Sampling Task (N100666) Revision No.: 1 Effective Date: May 14, 1999 ______________ Page iv o fv 11.5 Publicly-Owned Treatment Works . 11.5.1 POTW Sample Collection............... 11.5.2 POTWQuality Control................... 11.5.3 POTW Sample Shipping................. 11.6 Landfill L eacheate................................ 11.7 Food.............................................................. 11.7.1 Meat and Fish.............. ................... ... 11.7.1.1 Fresh MeatProducts..................... 11.7.1.2 Processed Meat Products ......... 11.7.13 Fish -- ************ **#*********1 11.7.2 Dairy and Eggs.................................... 11.73 Produce................................................ 11.7J.1 Frozen vegetables..... .... ................. .. 11.7.3.2 Fresh produce...... ................................. 11.7.4 Breed.................................................... 11.7.4.1 White bread....... ............................ .... 11.7.4.2 Organically produced bread.................. . 11.8 Fish Other than Food................................... 11.8.1 Finfish (Electrofishing)...................... 11.8.1.1 Method.. 11.8. 1.2 Data recorded.., 11.8.1.3 Special Precautions.. .... 21 ... 21 ,...2 2 ...22 ....22 ....22 ... 23 ....23 .... 23 ....23 ... 24 .... 24 .... 24 .....24 ... 24 ....24 ....24 ,...25 ,...25 ....25 .....25 ..... 26 12. SAMPLE CUSTODY____________ 26 12.l E videntiary C hain o f c u st o d y ............................................................................................................................ 26 12.2 Sample shipping..........................................................................................................................................27 13. CALIBRATION PROCEDURES, REFERENCES, AND FREQUENCY---------------------------------- 27 13.1 PS-l Air Sampler............... ............................. ........................................................................................27 13.2 12XL Global Positioning System........................................................................................................... 27 14. ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES_____________________________________________________ 28 15. DATA REDUCTION, VALIDATION, AND REPORTING------------------------------------------------- 28 16. INTERNAL QUALITY CONTROL CHECKS AND FREQUENCY-------------------------:_________28 17. QUALITY ASSURANCE PERFORMANCE AUDITS, SYSTEM AUDITS, AND FREQUENCY___ 28 18. QUALITY ASSURANCE REPORTS TO MANAGEMENT------------------------------------------------ 28 19. PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES AND SCHEDULES------------------------------------29 19.1 Am Sampler.................................................................................................................................................29 19.2 Global Positioning Sy s t e m .......................... ,.....................................................................................................29 19.3 Y oung grab Sampler.................. 29 19.4 Fish Measuring Apparatus....................................................................................................................................29 20. CALCULATION OF DATA QUALITY INDICATORS____________________________________ 29 21. CORRECTIVE ACTION____________________________ 29 22. REPORTS_______________________________________________________________________30 23. REFERENCES, 30 TABLES Table 1. FC Residuals for Analysis.............................................................................................................. 3 Table 2. Study and Control Cities for Baseline Study................................................................................. 3 Table 3. Sample Types, Sampling Devices, and Sample Volumes............ :............................................... 4 000442 US00004565 Quality Assurance Project Plan Multi-City Study Sampling Task (N100666) Revision No.: I Effective Date: May 14, 1999 ______________ Page v o fv Table 4. Table 5. Table 6. Table 7. Table 8. Table 9. Sample Types and Numbers at Sampling Locations within Each City............................ 5 QC Samples by Matrix............................................................................ 6 Standard Operating Procedures...................................................................................................... 7 Milestones and Deliverables........................................................................................................ 11 Key Personnel, Addresses, and Telephone Numbers...................................................................13 Sample Containers, Storage Conditions, and Shipping............................................................... 16 FIGURES Figure 9-1 Project Organization Chart for the Empirical Human Exposure Assessment Multi- c n r Study ....................................................... 12 FIGURE 11-1. PS-1 Sampling Head .................................................................................~......................................... 18 APPENDICES Appendix A: Multi-City Study Survey Plan Appendix B: Examples of Requests for Permissions Appendix C: Sampling Forms 000443 US00004566 Quality Assurance Project Plan M ulti-City Study Sampling Task (N100666) Revision No.: J Effective Date: M ay 14, 1999 Page 1 o f 30 1. PROJECT NAME Em pirical H um an ExposureAssessm ent M uId-City Sam pling Task 2. REQUESTED BY C onfidential 3. DATE OF REQUEST January 1999 4. DATE OF INITIATION February 15,1999 5. PROJECT MANAGEMENT M s. M arcia N ishioka, B a ttelli Program M anager M r. D onald Gunster;B attette Sam pling Task Leader 6. QUALITY ASSURANCE (QA) MANAGEMENT M s. Susan Abbgy, B attelle Program QA O fficer M s. Rosanna B uhl, B attette Sam pling Task QA O fficer 000444 US00004567 Quality Assurance Project Plan Multi-City Study Sampling Task (N I00666} _____________ Revision No. : 1 Effective Date: M ay 14, 1999 ____________________________ Page 2 o f 30 7. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 7.1 Background In the 1950's, surfactants and bath additives based upon perfluoiooctyl sulfonyl fluoride (POSF) began limited introduction. Diversification ofthe POSF-based chemistry in the 1960's and 1970's led to tire discovery and introduction of numerous N-methyl or N-ethyl perfluoiooctyl sulfonamido ethyl alcoholbased (FOSE) chemicals. The FOSE-based fluorochemicals (FC) vVere incorporated into textiles, food packaging, and carpets to impart specific properties related to stain, moisture, and fat resistance. Although the number, chemical diversity, and range of applications of FC are quite extensive, all formulations share some similarities. All formulations have trace levels of several impurities in common: perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), N-ethyl (or N-methyl) perfluorooctane sulfonamide (N-EtFOSA), and N-efhyl (or Nmethyl) perfluorooctane sulfonamidoefhyl alcohol (N-EtFOSE alcohol), hi addition, the results o f current metabolism studies suggest that all formulation FCs undergo some limited degradation to PFOS, NEtFOSAmide (or N-MeFOSAmide) and N-EtFOSE alcohol (or N-MeFOSE alcohol) in humans and in the environment, via microbial and/or enzymatic mechanisms. Recent chemical analyses of pooled human blood samples and selected analyses of biota samples from diverse regions o fthe United States have shown a general consistency in the detection rate and detected levels o f PFOS therein. Because PFOS is unique to FCs; PFOS may be distributed in the greater environment as a result of the use and disposition of products containing FCs. Though limited, the data suggest that increasing levels of PFOS in human blood parallel the introduction and volurae/use o f FCs. It is unknown whether the PFOS in human blood is due to FC exposures in the residence from tire use o f products, orto the slow bioaccumulation of FC in the food web due to widespread dispersion of FCs through multiple sources. Several hypotheses are considered to understand the tifo cycle of FCs in the environment Dispersion of FC from sources results in long range transport via air and water. Effluent discharges, industrial spills, urban surface runoffand fire-fighting foam contribute FCs to surface water bodies. FCs in surface water can affect all aspects of the human diet local drinking water and fish, and all agricultural products that rely indirectly on that water (meat and dairy, fiuits/vegetables, and grains). .. . Leachates from solid wastes percolate into groundwater and ultimately contribute FCs to some drinking water sources, surface water and eventually fish. Direct air deposition of FCs to food chain constituents and air deposition o f FCs to surface waters contributes FCs to human food commodities. The FC levels in and around dries associated with FC production and use will be higher than the levels in and around cities where there is only general population use of such products. 7.2 O bjectives This project provides the foundation for all subsequent exposure assessment studies that the client will need to conduct The initial focus will be the assessment, development and/or validation o f analytical methods for representative FC in environmental media. This task will also assemble baseline reformation about the distribution o f FC in selected media that represent environmental dispersion from a source and bioaccumulation in the human food chain. The objective o f the sampling task is to collect representative samples for trace-level analysis of FC residuals (Table 1) to assess sources, dispersion in the environment and human exposure via the food chain. Samples will be collected from 12 cities: major FC production facilities or FC-users are present in 000445 US00004568 Quality Assurance Project Plan Multi-City Study Sampling Task (N100666) Revision No.: 1 Effective Date: M ay 14, 1999 Page 3 o f30 the six "study" cities (Table 2), and the six "control" cities are matched to the "study" cities by general geographic location, population, and type of water supply for drinking water. Table 1. FC Residuals for Analysis Polar anions PFS PFOSAA M -556 ' -N-EtFOSE Am ide/ N-MeFOSE Amide N-EtFOSE Alcohol/ N-MeFOSE Alcohol PFOSA N-EtFOSE Chloride/ N-MeFOSE Chloride POAA N-EtFOSEA/ N-MeFOSEA Table 2, Study and Control Cities for Baseline Study Group4- . ...... . ;Water; Source, \ .Study or r, ' . V / v 4 Control High Ground Study Control Middle Ground Study Control High 1 Surface Study Control High 2 Surface Study Control Middle" ! Surface Study Control Middle 2 Surface Study Control f State Pensacola Port St. Lucie Kaukanna Englewood Dalton Greeneville Decatur Cleveland Mobile Columbus Spartansburg Bowling Green FL FL WI OH TN AL TN AL GA SC KY 'Defined by the ratio o f FC production or useagerpopulatxm 1990Census Population 58,165 55,866 11,982 11,432 21,761 13,532 48,761 30,354 196,278 178,681 43,467 40,641 7*3 T echnical Approach This quality assurance project plan (QAPP) (Revision 0) is intended to comply with the requirements for Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) protocols defined in 40 CFR Part 792 Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA); GoodLaboratory Practice Standards; Final Ride (July 1, 1998) to the extent possible at this point in the program. The types o f samples, sample volumes (or weights) and sampling devices are summarized in Table 3. The total numbers o f samples o f each type, collected at each site, are listed in Table 4. This listing provides an indication ofthe type o f sample analysis intended for that sample with analysis being either analysis for the polar anions (P), the moderately polar neutrals (N), or Total PFOS. This table also indicates the number of samples that will be collected o f each type and/or at each location to provide necessary field and lab QC samples. The QC samples are outlined specifically in Table 5, and the level of 000446 US00004569 Quality Assurance Project Plan Multi-City Study Sampling Task (N100666) Revision No.: 1 Effective Date: M ay 14,1999 _____ Page 4 o f30 Table 3. Sample Types, Sampling Devices, and Sample Volumes . Sample type ; ; "... ; Sampling Device . Volume o r Amount. .. coflectt p e r sample . V . ; Drinkitig: W ater Surface Water source Sample bottle' 1 L ftom each location; bulk (3 locations ~ 500 ft apart> water, not surface Sediment from surface water source Grab sampler or scoop-. 200 g ftom top 2 cm (3 locations, match w/ water sample) Plant intake Sample bottle 1L Treated water ftom plant Sample bottle 1L Tap water ftom retail establishment Sample bottle IL (ftom 3 locations in city) Microlayer ftom surface waterb Sample plate L Water ftom groundwater souiceb Sample bottle 1L . Publicly-Owned Treatment Works (PUTW) ... Post-chlorination influent (if Sample bottle 1L available) Sludge Scoop 200 g Effluent Sample bottle li ... Landfill Leachate Sample bottle 1L -^ . . . Urban Air -, . Particulates (glass fiber filter) General Metal Works 12hat250L /m in Vapor (polyurethane foam . Model PS-1 air sampler 12 h a t 250 L/min cartridge) . Local Food Supply Ground beef (3 stores) . Store packaging . lib Pork chops with bone (3 stores) Store packaging l i b ( - 2 chops) Boneless, skinless chicken breast Store packaging 1 lb (1 whole breast) (3 stores) Pork-and-beefhot dogs Store packaging 1 lb (1 package) (3 stores) Regional fish (3 stores) Store packaging 1 lb (filleted) Eggs (3 stores) Store packaging 6 large Whole milk in plastic or cardboard Store packaging 1 qt container (3 stores) White bread (3 stores) Store packaging 1 loaf Frozen green beans in plastic bag Store packaging 1 pkg (3 stores) Fresh apples (3 stores) Store packaging 1 lb (at least 2 apples) Organic bread or flour (1 store) Store packaging 1 lb or 1 loaf Fish Finfish (electroshock) ftom surface Smith-Root Type VII 3 fish water source (above) backpack shocker (a) Sample bottles will be ESE predean , certified polyethylene bottles (b) Not planned for Multi-City Study 000447 US00004570 Quality Assurance Project Plan Multi-City Study Sampling Task (N100666) __________ Revision N o.: 1 Effective Date: M ay 14,1999 ____________ _________ Page 5 o f30 Table 4. Sample Types and Numbers at Sampling Locations at Each City Surface Water (one water body) Sediment Drinking water (plant influent) Drinking water (plant outflow) Tap water (retail outlet) Landfill leachate POTW influent POTW sludge POTW affluent Urban air Food Finfish Organic flour Trip Blank Trip Blank ; Analysis for Site 1 Sample . - . Sample Volume :... Analysis for.- - Site 1 Site 2. Site? Sites2&3 Samples Sample: P&N residuals (P & N) 1L IL IL P& N ample: Total PFOS (in duplicate) 1L Field duplicate & laboratory duplicate: P 1L Field spike: P&N 1L Laboratory spike: P&N 1L Field Blank: P& N Held Blank: Total PFOS . Samples and laboratory QC (no field spike): P& N ; Total PFOS 200 g 200 g 200 g P&N; Total PFOS Held Blank: P& N Field Blank: Total PFOS Sample: P&N 1L Sample: Total PFOS (in duplicate) 1L Held duplicate & laboratory duplicate: P iL Held spike: P&N 1L Laboratory spike: P&N IL Field Blank: P & N Sample: P&N IL Sample: Total PFOS (in duplicate) IL Field duplicate laboratory duplicate: P' IL Field spike: P&N IL Laboratory spike: P&N IL Sample: P&N IL IL IL P&N Sample: Total PFOS (in duplicate) IL Field duplicate & laboratory duplicate: P IL Field spike: P&N IL Laboratory spike: P&N IL Field Blank: P& N samples and laboratory QC (no field spikes): P & IL N; Total PFOS lueld Blank: P& N . Sample and laboratory duplicate: P& N IL Sample: Total PFOS (in duplicate) IL Samples and laboratory QC (no field spikes): P & 200 g N; Total PFOS Field Blank: P& N ample mid laboratory duplicate: P&N IL Sample: Total PFOS (in duplicate) IL Field duplicate: P& N Field spike: P& N IL Laboratory spike: P & N IL Field Blank: P& N Sample: P&N Filter/PUF Field spikes no air Filter/PUF Judd Blank: P & N Filter/PUF Samples and laboratory QC All All All P&N; Total PFOS (no field blanks/field spikes): P & N; Total PFOS Sample and laboratory QC Samples and laboratory QC lib (no field blank/field spike): P&N; Total PFOS MilliQ water P & N IL WiiiliQwater Total PFOS IL US00004571 Quality Assurance Project Plan M ulti-City Study Sampling Task (N100666) Revision No.: 1 Effective Date: M ay 14, 1999 Page 6 o f 30 Table 5. QC Samples by Matrix ; Matrix and:. . s FiddSites Field Rep Tat. Spikes Reps Field; f Lab Field Field Spike C onc.. Blank Surface Water PAN 3 Total PFOS 1 1 U ) 1 1 1 lOOng/L |0 (1) 00 1 Sediment PAN 3 0 (3) 0 il) 1 Total PFOS (3) 0 (3) 0 (1) 1 Drinking Water (iniluerit) PAN 1 Total PFOS 1 1 (1) 1 1 1 100 ng/L 0 (1) 00 0 Drinking Water (outflow) PAN 1 " Total PFOS 1 1 (1) 1 1 .0 100 ngfL 0 (1) 00 0 Tap Water PAN 3 Total PFOS 1 1 (1) r 1 1 1 100ng/L 0 (1) 00 0 Tnndfill Leachate PAN 1 0 (3) 0 (1) 1 Total PFOS (I) 0 (3) 0 (1) 0 POTW (influent) PAN 1 Total PFOS 1 0 (1) 00 0 0 (1) 00 0 POTW sludge . PAN 1 0 (3) 0 (1) 1 Total PFOS ( 0 0 (3) 0 (1) 0 POTW (effluent) ' PAN 1 Total PFUS I (1) CD 1 1 1 1000 ngL 0 0) 00 0 Urban Air PAN 1 0 0 1 0 1 Filter: 100 ng PFOS A POAA PUF: 100 ng Et-A -Me-FOSE-OH Total PFOS 0 0 0 00 0 Food (including finflsh) PAN 3*------------- 0 Total PFOS (37 0 (1)" "7 0 (1) 0 0 (1) 0 Numbers in parentheses indicate samples that will he created bum splits or aliquots in the laboratory. 'Triplicate analysis of one sediment sample. 'Organic flourat one site, only. ." ^Duplicate analysis of the fish samples. P= points: PFOS, POAA, PFOSA, FFOSAA, M556; N= neutrals: Et/Me ofFOSE-OH, FOSE-O, FOSE-Amide 000449 US00004572 Quality Assurance Project Plan Multi-City Study Sampling Task (N100666) Revision No.: 1 Effective Date: May 14, 1999 ______________Page 7 o f 30 each field QC spike addition is listed also. SOPs are listed in Table 6, and the methods are summarized in this QAPP. The analytical QAPP will be provided under separate cover. Table 6. Standard Operating Procedures SOP Tide ' Collection and Handling of Air Samples for the Multi-Cities Project Collection and Handling of W ater Samples for the Multi-Cities Project Spiking Field Samples for the M ulti-Cities Project Assigning Sample IDs for the Multi-Cities Project Collection and Handling of Sediment Samples for the Multi-Cities Project GPS Operation and Calibration (draft) Sample Shipping for the M uiti-Cities Project Sample Custody SOP No, M3-F-1 M3-F-2 M3-F-4 M3-F-6 M3-F-7 Battelle 3-164 Battelle 5-210 Battelle 6-010 An outline of the survey plan that will describe all sampling logistics is provided in Appendix A. 73.1 Permissions Following an initial Internet search, a list of municipal officials for each target city was compiled. Phone calls were made to initiate contact with the officials and assess who is responsible for granting permissions for the collection of environmental samples. Once determined, this person was informed of the nature of the project and the nature of the samples that we would like to collect {i.e., treated water, sludge, or leachate). Following the phone conversation, a written letter of request to collect a sample was faxed to the municipal official. The letter was then taken nnder consideration and a decision was issued from the municipal official as to whether or not we can conduct the sampling. The collection of an atmospheric sample using EPA method TO-13 (EPA 1990) (SOP M3-F-1) requires that the sampler run continuously for twelve hours. To collect this sample we have decided to enlist the assistance of local fire departments for the placement of the sampler. TTie rational for the use of fire stations is that they are constantly manned and therefore provide secure areas where the sampler will not be subject to interference. The same method for attaining approval from other municipal facilities was employed for the fire stations. This also included an offer to donate $50 to a local charity of the departments' choice. If a donation is needed, then the appropriate approvals must be secured in advance so the donation can be presented when sampling is initiated. Based on the confidential nature of the study being conducted the following information may or may not be discussed with the municipal officials. Information that MAY be revealed to the officials includes: We are seeking to collect various matrices including POTW influent, effluent, and sludge; raw drinking water, treated drinking water and sediment from the surface water body (if applicable); landfill leachate; and atmospheric samples These samples are being collected and analyzed to support a life cycle analysis that is being conducting for a confidential client. 000450 Quality Assurance Project Pian Multi-City Study Sampling Task (N100666) Revision No.: I Effective Date: May 14, 1999 _____________ Page 8 o f30 The chemicals of interest are NOT listed as regulated pollutants or carcinogens by EPA. The results of these tests will be reported to our client and only under extenuating circumstances would a disclosure of the results be contemplated Information that MAY NOT be revealed to the officials includes: Who the client is What chemical we are looking What the chemical is used for . What the nature of the chemical is (chemical class or structure) ' - . These formal requests were made to the various facilities within a given municipality in February and March 1999. Generally the wastewater treatment plant, the drinking water plant, and the landfill required separate requests. These facilities will again be contacted to confirm the permissions granted during the Winter and to establish a sampling schedule based on the matrices to be collected. If an approval is denied, then an alternative site may be sought to collect a sample that is representative of the required matrix. Examples of Requests for Permissions are provided in Appendix-B. Communication logs are maintained and include who was contacted and topics discussed. Any discussion related to data reporting will be clearly documented and summarized in a letter to the client's legal representative. 7.3.2 Precautions Safety considerations will be incorporated in the Survey Plan. In addition to normal measures taken to avoid sample contamination, such as the of cleaning sampling gear between uses and the use of precleaned sample bottles, the following precautions will be taken to avoid contamination during sample collection. Post-Its will not be used at any time during sample handling, or mobilization/demobilization. Field scientists will wear only old, well laundered (at least 6 washings since purchase) clothing. The use of water-resistant clothing will be avoided as much as possible. Tyvek suits will not be worn during sample handling. Nitrile gloves will be worn at all times while collecting and handling samples, except in grocery stores and other retail establishments. Many food and snack products --microwave popcorn, fast-food (sandwiches chicken, French fries) pizza, bakery items, beverages, candy, cookies - are packaged in wrappers treated with the chemicals of interest. Therefore, hands will be thoroughly washed after handling fast food, . carryout food, or snacks. Prewrapped foods or snacks (like candy bars) will not be in the possession of the sampling team during sampling. Field personnel may not consume microwave popcorn during the surveys No blue ice will be used during this project 7 3 3 Sampling Locations within Each City The location, including street address, of samples collected from municipal facilities will be recorded on the sampling log. A Garmin 12XL hand-held GPS (global positioning system) or equivalent will be used to determine the exact location (coordinates) at each sample collection location. The position will be read 000451 US00004574 Quality Assurance Project Plan M ulti-City Study Sampling Task (N100666) Revision No.: 1 Effective Date: May 14,1999 ________ Page 9 o f 30 from the display and recorded by hand on the Site Log. The unit will be operated according to SOP No. 3-164. Also, each sampling location will be marked on a local map. 7.3.4 Air Sampling Air sampling will be accomplished by using a General Metal Works Modal PS-1 Air Sampler. The PS-1 sampling head (shown in Attachment 1), which is contained within die sampler, consists o f a 4" diameter inlet filter (made of Teflon coated glass fiber filter medium) and a 2.3" diameter x 5" g la cartridge containing a POP, which is 3" in length and fits snugly into the cartridge. The high volume (-250 Ipm) polyurethane foam (PUF) sampling method based on U. S. EPA's Method TO-13 is applicable to measuring ambient air concentrations o f organic components at concentrations from 0.001-50 pg/ra3over a 4-24 hour sampling period. The procedure allows for die collection o f die semi-volatile organic chemicals present in the air on a glass-fiber filter (particulate) and PUP (vapor phase). The limits of detection are specific to die nature of the analyte and the length of the sampling period. One 12-hour air sample, consisting of a particulate fraction collected on a glass fiber filter and a vapor fraction collected an polyurethane foam (PUF), will be collected at each city. Air samples will be collected at ground level at any site for which permission to sample can he obtained is acceptable. Ideally, a fire station should be chosen because it is somewhat secure and usually has personnel on-site 24 h per day. Other locations may include a local college or university, retail establishment, the POTW plant, or drinking water plant if the facility staff are willing to accommodate the sampler. The sampler requires 120 V power, and should not be run if it is raining. Sampling also is not performed if there are consistent high winds (>25 mph). If possible, a copy o f the weather section from the local daily newspaper will be obtained and added to the field log book for the sampling date to document weather conditions. Once the field sample is collected, routine air sampler cleaning is performed and the quality control samples are collected as described in Section 11.2.3. 7.3.5 Water Sampling Water samples will be collected from several points within the municipal drinking water system, as shown below. [Note: Microlayer samples will not be collected during the Multi-City Study but may be . collected during subsequent samplings under the program]. Surface Waiter Municipal WaterTreatment Plant Tap Water Whole (bulk) water will be collected from three sites (at least 500 ft apart) within a surface-water source (e.g., lake, pond, reservoir) of drinking water, and at the water treatment plant influent and outflow. Tap water will be collected from three retail establishments within the city. One-liter water samples will be collected into I-L ESE pie-cleaned (certified) polyethylene sample bottles by eitiier directly placing the container into the water stream, or, if a valve withdrawal system is available, by using the valve. Due to the difficulty in obtaining a true surface sample with a bottle, these samples will be from bulk water to minimize variability due to sampling technique. For the environmental samples (lake, river, reservoir), the bottle will be lowered below the surface o f the water and will be filled with bulk water. Once the field sample is collected the quality control samples are collected as described in Section 11.3.2. 00045 US00004575 Quality Assurance Project Plan Multi-City Study Sampling Task (N100666) Revision No.: I Effective Date: May 14, 1999 _____________Page 10 o f 30 If the drinking water source is ground-water then the surface water samples will be collected from any selected lake, pond, or river, using methods described above. 73 .6 Sediment Sampling from Municipal Water Source Sediment samples will be collected synoptically with the bulk water from three sites within surface-water sources. The sites will be located at least 500 ft apart After the water sampling is completed, the sediment will be collected at the same site by using a 0.04-m2Young grab sampler that is hand-deployed. The top 2 cm of sediment will be retained for analysis. Alternatively, a stainless steel spoon or scoop will be used. 73.7 POTW Sampling Battelle will provide appropriate sample containers and detailed written instructions to the designated POTW official, who will collect each influent (post-chlorination), sludge, and effluent sample. Battelle will assume custody of the samples and will be responsible for packing and shipping the samples to BCL for analysis. Once the field samples are collected, the quality control samples are collected as described in Section 11.4.2, 73.8 Landfill Leachate Sampling Battelle will provide appropriate sample containers to the designated municipal landfill official, who will collect each sample according to detailed written instructions provided by Battelle. Battelle will assume custody of the samples and will be responsible for packing and shipping the samples to BCL for analysis. No industrial landfills will be sampled. 73.9 Food Sampling In each city, two or three major grocery-store chains will be identified and representative food samples will be collected from each chain. The intent of this sampling is to determine the dietary exposures of residents within each region based on typical foods consumed. The food products will be collected as listed, and as packaged. For the milk and eggs, the selection of these foodstuffs in the store will be checked to determine whether there are any from regional or local sources, and these will be selected. If there are no local or regional sources, any type is acceptable. The grocery store fish should be representative of a fish that is typically raised or caught in that general region of the U.S. For many of the inland southeastern US cities, this would include catfish. Fish may be fresh or frozen, and should be scaled, filleted, with the head removed. In addition, one organic grocery store in each city will be identified and either a loaf of organic bread or a pound of organically raised flour will be purchased. Each foodstuff will be packaged individually in a zip-seal bag, with bubble wrap if necessary (e.g., for the eggs) for transport. The bag labels will indicate the grocery store from which the food items were purchased. 73.10 Finfish Finfish species (i.e., perch and bluegill) will be collected from waterbodies (i.e., small streams or ponds) in the vicinity of the area in which water samples are collected. Finfish will be collected through electrofishing or seining. Electrofishing is a fisheries technique which involves generating a DC or an AC electric current (either with a gasoline-powered generator or batteries) through various styles of electrodes into the water to create an electric field. Fish that pass through the field are stunned, then collected by dipnet. Seining involves encircling a shoreline area with a fine-mesh net and entrapping fish present in this location. [Note: Finfish samples will not be collected during the Multi-City Study but may be collected during subsequent samplings under the program], 000453 US00004576