Document G6oo3gvLJJRgXMJ8ajjrxd2nN

FILE NAME: Engineering (ENG) DATE: 1934 Oct DOC#: ENG012 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Trade Journal Article - Dust and Occupational Disease ^CCIDETIT PREUEllTlOn HEALTH COTISERPATIO FIRE PREUENTIOII S A fET y E n g in eer in g THE MAGAZINE f SAFETY (with which has been combined Protection Engineering, Conservation and Fire Prevention.) Arthur C. C arruthers, ej,, Harry JeG. Armand, bUS,,,,, Mo,,o9.r IN T H IS IS S U E : EDITORIAL OBSERVATIONS : Announcement ............................................ 139 Dermatitis Attributed to Socks . . . . 139 A Challenge .................................................. 139 Preparedness .................................................. 139 Cooperative E f f o r t ...................................... 140 The Autumn ............................................... 140 Expensive Delays ......................................... 140 ACCIDENT; SPECIAL FEATURES Details of Annual Safety Congress on page 141 The Value of Efficient Protective Equipment, page 148 Safety Across the Sea, pages 157 and 158 Seasonal Warnings Against Fire on page 165 EIRE : Precautions Against Freezing of Fire Extinguishing A p p lian ces.................. Explosives in the Construction In dustry-- by S. R. RUSSELL............... Causes of Home Fires -- by R. B. C RISW ELL Fire Prevention in Refineries -- by GLENN BYERS Modern Methods of Teaching Fire Prevention-- by PERCY BUCBEE Autumn Fire Warnings __________ -- by W ILLIA M B. W H ITE 159 161 162 164 165 165 HEALTH: Annual Safety Congress Scores Accident Rise............................. 141 Why Accidents Continue-- by JAMES D. H A C K E T T ............... 143 Four Million Creen Men-- by SIDNEY J. W ILL IA M S . . . . 144 The Menace of the Drinking Driver -- by JUDGE THOMAS V . HOLLAND 145 The Foreman's Place in Industrial Accident Prevention -- by M. P. GRADY 146 Poor Street Lighting Increases Automobile Accidents -- by R. E. SIMPSON 146 Accident Reduction in American Industry -- by ARTH U R C. CARRUTHERS 147 Safe Protective Equipm ent...................................................................... 148 The Menace of Falls-- by JAMES L. GERNON.......................... 148 The Safety Movement and the Trend of the Times -- by JOHN E. LONG 149 Philadelphia Navy Yard W ins Safety Trophy............................. 150 Maine Safety Conference ...................................................................... 150 Dust Explosion Prevention-- by DAVID J. P R IC E ..................... 151 Industrial Accidents Abroad ................................................................ 157 Lost-Time Accidents in England ..................................................... 158 Can the Industrial Nurse Help to Prevent Accidents? -- by O. D. BRADFORD, R.N. Industrial Health and the Physician -- by DR. JAS. N. ADAMS Hazards of Toxic Gases-- by DR. H. H. KESSLER................. Visiting Nurses-- Their Value-- by L. D. B R ISTO L............... Improve the Product; Protect the W orker.............................. Dust and Occupational Disease -- by DR. LEROY U. CARDNER Aspects of Silicosis-- by DR. H. H. M OORE........................... Medical Supervision-- by DR. W . J. M cCO N N ELL............ 167 167 168 168 169 170-" 171 171 Industrial Nursing; Conference on Industrial Diseases ............................. Compensation for Heart Disease.................................. Sight and Health .............................................................. Human Relations in Changing Industry ............... Accident Prone Employees ............................................ Exposure of Workers to Deleterious Substances. . . Mortality of Industrial W orkers..................................... 173 173 173 173 173 173 173 VOLUME LXVIII OCTOBER, 1934 T H IR T Y FO URTH l]EAR NUMBED 4 : TOE plSnjf FTuDCATlon Published monthly by Safety Magazine Publishing Corporation; Arthur C. Carruthers, President; Austin F. Hancock, Vice-President; Harry deG. Armand, Secretary. Editorial and General Offices-- 45 John Street, New York, N. Y . ; Publication offices-- 34 North Crystal Street. East Stroudsburg, Pa. RA. CODE IRAPHIC ARTS INDUSTRY Previous issues of SAFETY ENGINEERING can be found in the Industrial Arts Index in your library. Entered as second class matter January 7, 1930, at the East Stroudsburg, Pa., Post Office, under the Act of March 3, 1879. Subscriptions: $3.00 a year; Canada. $4.00: foreign. S4.S0. Single Cosies. 25c. 170 SAFETY ENGINEERING October, 1934 machines on the market and accidents became so fre quent that users of machines were forced by law to make them safe for operation. This, of course, was beginning at the wrong end. The proper course to take would have been for manufacturers not to design ma chines without proper guards. Great efforts have been made by State Labor Departments to enforce the law requiring users of machines to install proper guards and now it is becoming the almost universal custom to do so. But much wasted effort could have been avoided by adopting the principle of integral installation just as is now being advocated in the case of hygiene, and this course is for the manufacturers themselves. integral hygiene will mean a great saving to industry; first, in the cost of installation (the State of New York, for instance, requires ventilation in the case of processes evolving deleterious dust, fumes and gases) ; secondly, because ventilation apparatus can much more conveni ently be made as a part of the machine; thirdly, because the gains made by improved hygiene will more than offset the cost by the consequent betterment in health and output. The application of the idea of integral nygicne is worthy of the most earnest consideration of manufacturers, and in fact, all who desire to maintain the health of workers at a high standard. Theo. DeWitt Says- After October 1st Rates from-- In T oledo It's THE NEW HOTEL SECOR Completely Renovized and Re-equipped POPULAR PRICED Coffee Shop AND Parisian Cocktail Bar $2.50 Single-- $4.00 Double DUST AND OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE T H E peculiar and powerfully irritating effect of silica, or quartz, on lung tissues ultimately may be shown to be due to some unrecognized prop erty, "possibly related to its atomic structure," accord ing to Dr. LeRoy U. Gardner, Director, the Saranac Laboratory for the Study of Tuberculosis, of the E d ward L. Trudeau Foundation, Saranac Lake, N. Y. This was suggested by Dr. Gardner on October 5th, in Cleveland, when he addressed delegates to the Twen ty-Third Annual Safety Congress in a special session on "Dust in Industry." " Experience," Dr. Gardner said, " has demonstrated that the lung tissues can tolerate very large amounts of most kinds of foreign dust particles without serious interference with function. The lung may be intensely pigmented by colored dust with no evidence that respi ration is impaired. But dusts composed, in whole or in part, of silica, have been shown to be dangerous be cause they stimulate the growth of the connective tis sues of the lungs and bring about the formation of scar tissue." When silica has been injected into the tissues of ani mals, it has killed the cells where the substance lodged and excited an inflammation. In healing, Dr. Gardnerindicated, a dense and characteristic kind of scar tissue forms. Most dusts, however, other than silicates, pro duced no inflammation and comparatively little scar. " If the silica is combined with bases in the form of silicates," the doctor remarked, " it rarely produces such active and progressive changes. The silicate of mag nesium, asbestos, does cause the formation of scar tis sue in experimental animals and in the human lung, but most other silicates are not generally recognized as irritating." Among observers it is now a common belief that un combined silica, or quartz, is poisonous to the tissues, Dr. Gardner said, because it is slowly dissolved in the fluids of the body. " Certainly the majority of the ex perimental observation," Dr. Gardner remarked, " sug gests a chemical injury, but it is difficult to understand how enough of such in insoluble substance as quartz could be dissolved within eight hours to produce a wellmarked, acute inflammation. If solubility were the only factor one should discover a more active response after the injection of the more readily soluble silicates, but such is not the case." The peculiar irritation of quartz particles was once believed to be due to abrasion of lung surfaces which excited the formation of extensive scar tissue in the healing process, he said, but this theory is no longer ten able, for "when animals are injected with other hard, sharp particles, like diamond, carborundum, or alumi num oxide, there is no inflammation and practically no formation of scar tissue."