Document G6jM2jpY690xRBqXR4g6ygJ4N
souftmrilnflbol'Blr Blvd.'* ' -St. Louis 66/Missovr
CHEMICAL SPECIALTIES DATA REPQ.RT
The Information In thin report wna compiled to aulsl you in your evaluation and development of apecial uses lor Monsanto products. Every effort ha;i been made to include pertinent material bearing on the subject. This Information is intended
to guide your development work, but Monsanto cannot take port In the specific formulation or evaluation of any finished product... since khowledfe of such should be reserved to yourself and !ftfltn your moat valuable trade secret.
No; Date
CS-18 November, 1963
1197\
AROCLOR COMPOUNDS
Unique Property-Improving Additives
.for wax formulations, . for investment castings waxes, . for binding matrices for powdered glass and metals
_ The Aroclor compounds are a series of utterly inert, highly stable, low
,,<,iruPs" and reB*ni that are compatible with an exceptionally wide ;- v varjety of organie systems, including the various commercial waxes.
The Aroclor compounds range from thin liquids to hard, crystal-like
Sgpresins. ` 'They are mutually compatible in all proportions." They can im-
art a most amasing variety of physical effects to'-a particular kind of
'rmulation. -"They possess - - and impart to formulations containing
them -- great resistance to chemical attack, to heat degradation, to" r
Sxidation. ^Because f their.physical inertness, Aroclor compounds en- >,
able -wax compounders to "custom-build" formulations and virtually to ..j;
!tailor preclsely" the characteristics -of wax (as well as asphalt, resin,
an^jgum)*-ptPductS/forspecific applications. .*?;. .............. ; 1
<T ' '
" |. ?
gChemically. -the'Aroclor compounds -di- and-pely-phenyl 'molecules that
have heen chlorinated to provide a definite per-cent-by-weight of inert, j .
Inbound chlorine injeach Aroclor compound. Physically, they range, in r.i
l',: `^v'^Aroclor is a trademark of Monsanto Chemical Company for its chlorinated
' , - aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives, including chlorinated'di-
. phenyl, Reg U, S. Pat. Office.
^
0t>2l53
Yhr information In this hullrtin is, 4o our bl tmowfodys. Iru* and
connedion with the uw> of I hew data or oyrcc^Uonit.
worst*. but oil rscomimmUtiisn* or nucymtion* or* mud* without
., furthermore, nolhtnf contained herein shall h* construed at r
-drvsrsntm. nine* |h* onndirlorw of'iM* *r* beyond our control. The i
m*ndlk>n to um any product tn oonrUct with Inline patent* conrinf
i''1* y ' :M*enfo Chemical .Company disclaims any liability incurred in .
any material or its use. v,,- . , . .
WATER PCB-00034781
\rfrm and appearance from Aroclor 1221, a mobile oily liquid, to Aroclor 5460,
'n hard transparent resin. Intermediate Aroclor compounds include viscous .
fluids and soft resinous solids. The Aroclor compounds are impervious to
moisture, acids and alkalis; they are extremely heat stable and will not support
combustion.
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This report describes some of the values of Aroclor compounds when added .to
commercial waxes; in investment casting waxes and in binder formulations
for making powdered gla'ss and metal products
. ..
'
HOW AROCLOR ADDITIVES FUNCTION IN WAX, BINDER, AND SEALANf
FORMULATIONS
The aroclor compounds serve a variety of uses; primarily as a physical property modifier and performance improver. When put into formulations, Aroclor com pounds can be depended upon to impart chemical.and oxidation resistance; to increase fire-resistance and often, to lower the cost of the finished product. They have various unique properties, such as high boiling points, no flash points, and will volatilize in "fired compositions" without burning or ashing.
Aroclor compounds are compatible with a wide range of natural waxes such as Carnauba. By blending these expensive waxes with Aroclor resins, properties can be improved although raw material costs are lowered.
^WKeK,13Ieil3eiS%it(i waxes used to^orhiulaFc'
Aroclor. compounds
help,,impart-.to;theTmfsihed formulation a np.mber'qF'difFlrable properties; 3jar4^s'withOut-bTit|rert"essrfcsFstancp(f.tol;ghrinkagj^;B}^a:rp;definition; sharp
. -mel' ipg.pointf-antbtifb'TaSistance, Waxes formulated with Arocior resins are
.j
..........
roclor-containing waxes are widely used in making dental castings, ^n'VheT/ r^cisi.w'^ajt.ting 't>f-aijrjC*,aft.'pajrts;;"f,aftd,'for 'casting' costume jewelry. Aroclor >T2^4, 4465, andt5 460'.are the ones most frequently"used, the proportions (as . 'described later) depending upon the properties required in the finished wax.
' WHY AROCLOR COMPOUNDS ARE VALUABLE ADDITIVES FOR WAX ANll .
* ' BINDER FORMULATIONS
,.
i . Aroclor compounds span a wide range of physical properties. Over the series, the properties vary in a regular gradient. The properties that make the Aroclor
, series so valuable as additives for wax or binders for powdered material's are'
Chemical Resistance: Aroclor compounds are remarkably ' resistant to either alkaline or acid hydrolysis. Boiling
!
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with sodium hydroxide solution or sulfuric acid produces no hydrogen chloride in experiments designed to test the stability of typical Aroclor compounds
Prolonged heating of an Aroclor in a closed system even at 600 F. produces no decomposition.
Oxidative Resistance: Bomb tesls'at 140C- in oxygen pressure of 240 psi fails to develop acidity or sludge - demonstrating the remarkable inertness of Aroclor com pounds.
Adhesion: Aroclor compounds contribute excellent adhesive properties to formulations used as costings. This is im portant in glass or metal formulations that are subsequently fired to volatilize away the carrier portion (wax-Aroclor).
Flame-Retardancy: With their high chlorine content, Aroclor
compounds contribute "built-in" fire resistance to any
\
formulation into which they are incorporated.
Volatilization Without Ashing: Investment wax castings,
marking inks,, ^ahd powdered metal binder formulations are
used in processes that ultimately require firing It is
extremely important that such formulations volatilize without
_ Jh residual ash or Undesirable residues interfere -with color-or -
subsequent processing.
.
::,.r
,. : Melting Point: The melt point of the individual Aroclor compound varies in a regular gradient over the entire series. This gives a formulator a-wide"choice for picking the Aroclor (or Aroclor combination) that fits his requirement. The individual melting points are listed in the tabletsf properties.
, v
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Compatibility: 'Wi'.-arAetyfpfa'rea-iTiyutilizitd itrspecial formulations. This property
enables researchers to blend and homogenize other mutually . incompatible materials into a stable composition. For practical use, Aroclor compounds are compatible with the following! : '
"( ... ' 1
. `iTOTKAsphalt-i^
'
''
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^Benzyl Cellultis'e ,
. . "\
-.Carnauba Wax^
eJ1u1ot eAcetatd'MutyfSte
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I.'-
|$Coumarone-indenc Resins
if/Dammar Resin Tl Ester Gum
l^jEthyl Cellulose hi Epoxy Resins ,hl/ Manilla Gum : ] Nitrocellulose '4 Paraffin
*
,
,, , .
.
. .
' Phenolic Resins i Polyester Resins
Polyethylene i Polystyrene Resins 1 . Roly isobutylene I Polyurethanes
'
j Polyvinyl Acetate
'J Polyvinyl Chloride and Polyvinyl Butyral
( - Polyvinylidene Chloride j Rosin s&,: Rubber
Styrene Butadiene Co-polymers
, ; Vinyl Resins
.
IfeuSE OF AROCLOR COMPOUNDS IN WAX POLISHES
IsiiBlends of inexpensive waxes in Aroclor have been used successfully to replace '
portioniof expensive carnauba wax. $
re following characteristic properties are necessary for a good carnauba-wi&x
ubstitvte:
: .
: , ./
p'jj t Hardness or penetration value should be at least equal
. j ",
qMi-'iTexture should -be homogeneous, preferably non-crystalline
ilM^.<and omewhat brittle.
. JW
,
,
.` '
;
point should be similar to natural wax and the vijfe'j^.j^ Vaaetting point should be within 6C. of this point (to
. , ' '. '
, "IV'lAvoid protracted cooling phenomena).
!
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Performance must duplicate that of natural wax; especially
in the working characteristics needed for the particular
end-use application.
. -*
v See Carnauba Wax Substitutes by G. W. Wood (Maxwaxa, hid. ), Manufacturing Perfumer, 1948, Vol. XIX.
. Chemical .Specialties Data Report CS-18. ................... ........................................ .. . Page 4
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Parts by
/
Composition
Weight
Color
f
(8) \
Aroclor 1268 Aroclor 1242 Carnauba wax Cercsin
.
35.0) 5. 0)
50. 0) 10. 0)
: Cream _
Aroclor 5460
30.0)
Aroclor 1242
5. 0)
(9)
Ouricury wax
30. 0)
Ceresin
20. 0)
. Paraffin
15. 0)
Light buff
Texture
Softening Point
Smooth;
80. 5C.
carnauba
ringed surface
Very . smooth. hard
60C.
Melting Point
88 C. ' J'
78. 5C.
Note that a liquid, plasticizing type Aroclor (1242) is mixed with a resinous
or solid type Aroclor (1268 or 5460) in the above blends. This combining
technique insures the compatibility of the solid Aroclor compounds with the
wax and increases the solubility of the blend in such inexpensive solvents
as mineral spirits. '
-'
Some suggested wax polish formulations, based upon the above compositions
are the following: ,
1
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VllI''K >
Composition
Household Polish ;
,-
' Par*B by weight
. Composition No. - 5 (Table 1). Natural ozokerite................ .... Paraffin, hard ............. .. ... . Mineral spirits................. ..
1 3 26 70
:' Characteristics. This is a smooth, soft paste possessing very good polishing
: ' . properties on wood and linoleum.
1 .....;
Car Polish
Composition
Parts by weight
Composition No. 5 (Table 1). Candelilla wax.............. .. Natural ozokerite....................... Mineral spirits............................
15 2 3.
80
Characteristics. This is a smooth paste possessing good polishing properties
on all automobile paints and on leather upholstery.
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Gar Polish (Ouricury)
Composition
. Parts by weight
Wax blend (as prepared above)... Natural ozokerite........................... Paraffin, hard............................... Aroclor 1242.................. Mineral spirits................
.
8 2 10 5 75
In this formulation, the Aroclor 1242 is dissolved with agitation in the
mineral spirits before adding to the molten waxes. It is noteworthy that
I aluminum stearate should not be used in this composition. Characteristics.
The color of this composition is a light brownish-tan similar to polishes
made from fatty gray carnauba wax. It has good polishing properties on
all types of surfaces.
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USE OF AROCLOR WITH ETHYLENE/VINYL ACETATE
The ethylegs vinyl acetate copolymer must be plasticized to serve as an effective base for pressure sensitive adhesives. Aroclor compounds are '"S recommended as a plasticizer for this application. Blends of this copolymer with Aroclor can be Vtackified " with Aroclor products.
Following are starting formulations for various applications:
Non-Skid Rug.Backing `
:
MW- * ' `
Composition.
Parts by weight
ecetate copolymer.. Aroclor .1254
50 50
%
"
*
Strong Pressure Sensitive Adhesive
y iW r , if v " -Composition
Parts by weight
k.'irwi? Ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer .
Aroclor 54.60
.
Aroclor 1254 ' ''
.1
30 45 Z5 _
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"Investment Casting," "Cost Wax Process," and "Precision Wax Casting" arc terms that refer to the same casting technique in which the properties of the wax are critical. The process is especially useful where castings are made of high melting alloys and when the castings require close tolerance, smooth finish and possess intricate shape! Basically, the pro cess consists of surrounding a wax model with plaster, melting out the wax model (hence the name "lost wax"), leaving a clean plaster mold that is then used for the metal casting.
For the investment process, - yrax is required that possesses the follow-
ing characteristics:
'
'^Hardness without brittleness
.''Sharp melting point
:
*Non-tackiness
''Cow volatility
'-
^Stability
. .-
''Good wax marhinability
.
Won-shrinking
*
\ *Sharp definition
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.
[f'Fire resistance
,
j' ^Fast setting
. .,
^'Toughness
'
Since they are compatible with various natural waxes, Aroclor compounds.-
re -widely used in the formulation of investment casting waxes.' The ' f rj roclor imparts to thefinished formulation hardness without brittleness;; .resistance to Shrinkage; sharp -definition; sharp melting pointjfire resis- ilance; high stability; non-tackiness; and fireability without Ashing.' - j
jglfelnvestmeht casting waxes formulated with Ar.oclor compounds are-widely'1'' K$i|8$ip$$Hused in making (precision metal parts, dental castings, .aircraft parts .and
||fe|?c'ustom jewelry. `Aroclor 'cOWpounds^j^iafZfe^i#^?v|Kh^'i(60.^re m6st *^1* commonly used - - the proportions and particular Aroclor combination " ?$|;f?&*'ilected depend upon the properties required in the finished wax.ViThe ^f.-S'usual proportion ofAroclormay vary between 5,0-60. 0% with the
>.. balance of the formulation a combination of natural waxes.
;t., i AROCLOR COMPOUNDS IN IMPREGNATING COMPOUNDS
i . a) Electrical Hot Melt Impregnants
Non-flammability, high resistivity and high dielectric strength with : low power factor make resinous Aroclor compounds extremely useful
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in the electrical industry.-,>*Aroclor'4465 and 5460 are used in coatings for wire and cable and as impregnants for cotton or asbestos braided insulation. Normally, in this application, they'are formulated with . natural waxes and phosphate esters to create a balanced formulation. With their high resistance with moisture, Aroclor compounds make, excellent sealants for closing the "pores" of carbon resistors, ceramic parts, and to seal electrical bushings and terminals.
'
b) Wood Impr'egnant
Wood treated with a formulation of 70% Aroclor 4465, 20% micro crystalline wax and 10% sulfur by the vacuum-pressure method is tougher, harder, and more resistant to chemical attack. The residual surface coating is very'resistant to acid and alkali; however; it is attacked by aromatic, aliphatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons.
The surface of the treated wood can be painted. The hardness and
adhesion of the residual surface coating can be varied by changing __ %
the Aroclor-wax sulfur ratios.
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c) Impregnatits and Sealants for Paper, Concrete and Brick
.
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Arocior.cppnibined.with paraffin or carnauba wax and mixed with'.
Ke-miineralipr-drying oil and synthetic resin produces an excellent im- !
|pregnantfor paper,and masonryproducts.
_...... _
hc'almpleStAiSalanticcmposition'coptains an Aroclor compound and
*.-
araffin wax. i;i^l;'or 'example,'<arhighly eff;ient moisture proofing
'ormulation is]x:0}poeed f S6%'^weight} of Aroclor 5460 and 4% a-r^ffin;i(m;'ijpi^|>4?s4K^{';!it'!has^nASTM'oftening.point-ofabout^62C*. >">;
ubstitution'fjA*ocloril465 4orAroclor >5460 produced acompound
.
thA *ofteding point ofabout 5 B?C. mA very aoft wax composition Pan
:^ .
i prepared ^y{mixing49% Aroclor 1260, '66% Aroclor 5460 and4% paraffin, ; \
.cr#afit\g&0jpal&ffinContentproduces * aofter material................... * j
>'
m A*?.'?
1 * ' j.j
1 wotproof, Water-repellent and fine-retardant composition for. olive
rab*oati,nge4f<>r*ents And othercanvaB items consiBtsof; ,* ' ' f|T ^ ' * . V,
??'.J'iljiloeiified phenol formaldehyde resin ` ,7, ' 4%
tV Triciresyl phosphate ; .
*1.5%
r
Chrome orange
' ';,,2%. ' "l
Aroclor 1254
' 6% > 1
Chlorinated paraffin (42% chlorine) ' 10% ! ' 0!''
, ..
0628160
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V. /
.'
\.........*
Aroclor 5460
%
Coppcr'naphthcnate (8% copper)
Aluminum stearate
,
VM&tP naphtha
Iron oxide yellow
Ground limestone
Ground mica
,
Antimony oxide
4% 8% 0.5% 40% 7% 8% 3% 6%
e) Jnks and the Decorative Arts
Marking & Printing Inks. Aroclor 4465 is an excellent resin for compounding marking, rotogravure, and general printing inks. A formulation for mimeograph ink, for example, contains:
Aroclor 4465
Lubricating Oil (SUV 1200 @ 100F. )
Paraffin Qjl (SUV 76 @ 100F. )
Carbon Black
v,,..
Oil Soluble Dye
,
40% 35% 20%.
4% 1%
Vitreous Products, in glass decorating processes, Aroclor
' compounds are used as vehicles for carrying the pigments.
After the decorations are applied, <the-glass is fired^the
_
A. .S
Aroclor volatilized without carbonization, avoiding discolor
ation of the glass and the decoration. .-Aroclor 1254, Aroclor .
4465 and Aroclor 5460 are all used in this application. The
i 'ns.a-
flv;
.usual technique involves grinding a low colored glass.in a , medium of Aroclor 4465 and inorganic .pigments along with
-1 ,
"
other carriers. 'The formulation can be silk-screened or printed
'on china, bottles, or various kinds of glass-containers.
iS* l -
; -The low-melting, glass frit pigment formulated with the Aroclor
. compound has excellent adhesion. On passing through the high V
* temperature zones of the furnace, the Aroclor.volatilizes and .
the glass frit melts into the higher melting point glass or
<
ceramic material.
. : . v ., . . , - ,
' < 'tv f) Binders for Powdered Metals, Glass and Ceramics
^ The ability pf Aroclor compounds to volatilize without ashing
,
makes them excellent binders for.formulations used in metal
, fusion. Aroclor 4465 and Aroclor 5460 are the materials of
choice for such formulations. The high tackiness, oxidation
stability, and volatilization without ashing make Aroclor com
pounds ideal for compositions used for."forming" powdered metal
parts. '
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Dermatology and Toxicology
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At ordinary temperatures, Aroclor compounds have not presented industrial toxicological problems. Where Aroclor vapors may bg encountered in work rooms, local exhaust ventilation together with general workroom exhaust is essential.
Skin patch tests with a polyvinyl chloride free film plasticized with 11.5%
by weight of Aroclor 1E54 (about 25% based on the weight of the vinyl resin)
and a similar amount of dioctyl phthalate showed that this film was not a
primary irritant or a sensitizer. Skin patch tests with Aroclor 1254 alone
applied to gauze and placed in contact with the skin showed no primary
irritancy or sensitization. Other skin patch tests using canvas coated with
Aroclor 5460 and an oil modified alkyd resin, in such a manner that the
Aroclor concentration in the paint film on the fabric was about 17% by weight
of paint solids and the finished coated fabric contained approximately 7% by
` weight of Aroclor 5460 showed that this painted fabric did not produce a
primary irritancy or sensitization of the skin,
,,
..if Aroclor compounds*are spilled on the skin, the 6kin should be washed
bjWiin'the usual manner with soap solutions, if accidental burns occur from
;^|fcontact with .hot Aroclor, the burn should be treated the same as any
' rdinary.burh. Aroclor adhering to the burned area need, not be remove^
.mmediately unless treatment of the burn demands it, in-which case use |
oap and-water or-repeated washings with a vegetable oil. . . .
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ifeRV 1 ''"i,. J , ' , at
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