Document G6Y6nKYLYqvGxOJpM2QdpYM1N
D R U GS, OILS AND PA IN TS , VJ~ ( To> c S / f r 9 )
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At the top of the tabulating card is an -oice form, simplified somewhat but contain-
g the major items of information needed in
icing a company's business activity. If this e sale represented the entire year's business
this fictitious company, the bill would prode the managers with all the information
ey would need in planning the next year's
rations. They would know that they had Id a certain quantity of a certain quality of
lint to a certain company in a certain place,
id they could fairly easily determine the cost ; handling that commodity and could, without
reat difficulty, figure their net profit from the
ansaction.
It happens, however, that this bill is but ne of many hundred that will be made out in
oe company's offices during the course of the
ear. Sales will be made in the territory of ve salesmen, to nine types of customers
ocated in sixty-three cities, and these sales vill represent orders for an amazing variety
if items, sold in widely varying quantities and
it widely varying discounts. Somewhere in
.he maze, this order of ten gallons of red paint s lost. It is never seen again unless the
Smith Hardware Co. of New York writes in
md says that there was a mistake in the total
charge or that they had ordered blue paint
instead of red. If that happens, and the job ber isn't busy, he may. reflect that he made
such and such a profit on that sale, but he still
has no way of knowing how much red paint he sold for the year, in what quantities, and at
what price.
It is plain, then, that the first task involved
in reconstructing last year's business is the recording of the information contained on the
sales slip in such a fashion that it may be
readily classified and integrated.
To accomplish this, we first convert all the
information on the record into numbers. Salesman Charles Adams becomes salesman
No. 1, and the territory served by him takes the same number. The Smith Hardware Co. becomes customer No. 213, located in county
No. 41 and city No. 4. All of the items car ried by the store are carefully coded after the
manner of this order so that the description
column will bear, in this instance, the number 6174, the first digit indicating that the article
is paint, the second that it is of a particular
manufacture, the third that it is used for a particular purpose, and the fourth that it is
sold in a particular size container. Three
additional digits are then added to show color; discount, value, etc., are similarly treated and
the bill is then given to an operator who punches holes in the card under the proper
headings. When the punching work is com
pleted, the card represents exactly the informa
tion that is contained on the charge slip, but that information is now in such a form that
it may readily be associated with all similar information. The data, now, instead of being
written, is expressed by a hole punched in the
card, and by use of a sorting machine all cards bearing similar information may readily be
brought together. If the invoice lists several items, a card is punched for each item and
another is punched to show the total of the
order. We might now begin at the left of the card
and discuss the significance of the information
that may be derived from each section as we cross the sheet. The first three columns are used purely for identification and as an aid in checking back on possible errors. The more direct interest in the card begins with the two columns under the heading of date.
A Detailed Record
It is from this column that the logical time
and quantity of purchases may most readily
ve . determined. .We will start by sorting out
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is the enduring metal (and the paint public knows it)
R*e.U. 3. P a t. Off.
T h e more lead there ' // is in your paints the
more enduring w ill be your customersatisfaction.
EAGLE-PICHER
134 N O R T H LA SALLE ST R E ET C H IC A G O W hite Lead, C arbonate Sublim ed W hite Lead * Sublim ed Litharge Sublim ed Blue Lead O range M ineral Super Sublim ed W h ite Lead
Litharge * R ed Lead Zinc O xide - Lithopone
merely secured the total sales for the entire
business by months. It would be safe to rely on such figures if
the house sold only one item, but where many items are sold it becomes necessary to know not only how much is sold in a particular month, but what it is out of the entire stock that goes most strongly to make up that total. To discover this, we take the cards for each month and break them down by items. When the tabulation comes off this time, each item speaks for itself. Any faults in buying that may have crept in stand out and ask for cor rection. For instance, the vendor's invoices may show a purchase of $10,000 worth of red paint in the month of January. The tabula tion would show the monthly distribution of sales to be 5 per cent, for January, 4 per cent, for February, 20 per cent for June, etc. With
" rures in hand, the merchant can see
able and how many are costing you money The first thing to determine is, of course, amount of his total annual purchase for customer. But while this figure may give|uj a rough outline of our fortune or laclM" fortune with reference to customers, it haSy
starts to tell the story, for just as im port11; as the total amount ordered is the method use' in ordering. It would be quite possible A"
sell one customer $1000 worth of goods during the year at a loss and another $500 worth a: a profit. This fact can readily be appreciate' if we consider the $1000 worth of business a representing 500 two-dollar orders, and" th $500 as representing five $100 orders.
Customer Analysis I have here the record of sales made to il'L companies during the months of J a n u a r February, May and June, 1928, which w demonstrate the pertinence of such custom