Document G615G2npZw6DOgwoEg46ax3Lq

Other Volumes in this Series Users of this volume will find much value in its companion volumes. Here is the Im: TITLE VOLUME No. Goieral Sessions and Detailed Index to all Volumes................................ ............................ ] Aeronautical Industries ............................................................................................................... 2 Air Transport Industry.............................................................................................................. j Automotive and Machine Shop Industrie*................................................................................ 4 Ccmcni and Quarry Imhiiirie*................. .................................................................................. 5 Otemical industries .................................................................................................................... , Coal Mining Industry................................................................................................................... 7 0n<tnirtiin Industry.............................................................................................................................. * Electrical Ki|iii]numt Industry................................................................................................... Kami Safety ................................................................................................................................. In Food Industry'.............................................................. ................................................................ H (lass and Ceramics Industry....................................................................................................... Home Safety.................................................................................................................................. |j Industrial Nursing........................................................................................................................ J4 Industrial Subject Sessions (Sponsored by ASSE)................................................................ 15 Maritime Industries (Marine Section)...................................................................................... lt Meat Packing, Tanning and Leather Industrie*........................................................................ 17 Metals Industry ...................................................*....................................................................... ]g Mining Industry............................................................................................................................ 1 Motor Transportation Industry (Commercial Vehicle Section)................................................JO Petroleum Industry.........................................................................................................................jl Power Press and Forging Operations......................................................................................... .V Printing and Publishing Industry.................................................................................................. 2J Public Employment (Public Employees Safety Committee)................................................... 24 Public Utilities Industries............................................................................................................... 25 Pulp and Paper Industry............................................................................................................... Jn Railroad Industry..........................................*...............................................................................27 Rubber Industry.............................................................................................................................. 2X School and College Safety............................................................................................................. 2*1 Textile Industry.......................... 30 Traffic Safety................................................................................................................................ 31 Transit Industry.............................................................................................................................. 32 Wood Products Industries............................................................................................................. 33 Speaking With People (Early Morning Sessions).,.............................................................. 34 PRICES OF EXTRA COPIES OF INDIVIDUAL VOLUMES TO MEMBERS VOLUME 1 JO 9 copies 10 to 99 copies 100 to 999 copies 1000 or more SIZE Each Each Each Each Less than 24 pages-- $025 SO20 $0.15 $0.13 24 to 4S pages-- -30 25 20 20 49 to 96 pages-- .40 25 -30 -30 Over 96 pages-- .60 _35 j0 _5Q Complete ct ot Transactions (34 volumes)--$6DO NON-MEMBER prices are double member prices, except volumes 10. 13. 29 and 31. NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 42S NORTH MICHIGAN AVE. CHICAGO 11. ILL Current Safety Topics in the METALS INDUSTRY As preseated la Ha Sessions of the Metals Section at the I9S0 Natieaal Safety Congress Management Interest in Accident Prevention.................. 5 Safe Practices and Use of Protective Equipment in Galvanizing Operations.................................................... 12 Safe Coating Operations in the Steel Plant........................ 15 Safety and Health Problems in the Aluminum Industry.. . 17 Safety and Health Problems in the Non-Ferrous Metals Industry.................................................................. 20 Safe Practices in Foundry Operations. ............................... 22 Safety Equipment for Foundry Worker*.............................. 23 The Problem of Industrial Hygiene in the Foundry.......... 25 Presentation of Awards.............................................................27 Possible Clue for Further Accident Reduction.................... 28 Dry Cleaning with Com Cob Grits........................................ 30 Sling Chain Characteristics and Applications...................... 32 Some Features of Sling Chains...................................... 34 Introduction to Job Safely Analysis.........................................40 Job Safety Analysis................................................................ 41 Volume 18 Transactions 1950 National Safety Congress * NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 425 No. Michigan Avenue Chicago 11, III. A3 U ISaah industry come a definite attitude or habit, and ere bnr of co letter 007 to aceorapSsh this than by aa adequate program of cdncaticn and trabwng. The eaployve non he tngbt that there is 0 right sod safe tay to do evtiy job. sod dm this right and afe way Is the eoly iy the job should he dons. I so tore tim eiy rsopany has Ksne sort of tntnhs procofart for hi tnpioita Bet faas bees 00 cad of suggestions for training methods, sod the subject has cer tain!y beep widely discussed. The training program which is most Clttjy to sneered h the e that fits the particular type of industry and the cafiber of its pereoBocL fa cor SL Joe operations. are are seeking the type of eduestbasl program which will do a more efficient job of teaching the em ployee to think, to macaber and to acqtdre a pjournw to convert that knowledge iato effective action. We are also trying to find come sort of a dmbep method by whkh we will be appraised of the rendis, H any. that are bring attained. - Safe Practices in Foundry Operations By P. W. SHIPLEY Foundry Hunger, Catcrpfttar Tractor Co, Peoria, DL We bare shear* considered a progressive safety program just as essential b the oper ation of oar fctatdiy as the making of qoalltr castings. Men 0/ yen are faaaJor with dae rather aiatblaaorjr reputation fconfine* have had in the fan relative to iwodocricn methods working conditions and safety measures. These cenfitiosi were more or less accepted as a pan of the industry's enrireoattnt. Up until the early twtnoo foundry pre ductfca was of a wide variety of curings and senafi quantities, however, when the popularity of the aotcmoh&e began to grow the pft&too of prodsctica became apparqrt and new foandnes were boilt and eld cates opadai These foundries were specifically designed to latest engineering principle* of pUaantng tmd operations! proecdoRS em bodying effiriou handling and production nedea with peeper cgn^fantlen to awb ing conditions and safety. \Y< at OuerpiQsr were confronted with those same proUcms and a new foundry was boiU and started operation in 1920 and at that time the very btest design of tnechaas- cri cqtnpmon for prodsring and handling coalings was installed together with latest tnahods of vmtibiign. These have been further improved through the lean to keep pace with developments. RnlWng that a progressive safety program was as essen tial in rite operation of ear foundry, safety cqoipmsA manafacturers woe consulted to design equipment whkh would give maxi* leas' protection to wojIujs fa all phases of operation. Employees were trained hi safe practices as an important part of thrir jobs. The rcsolts of this progressive program were indeed gratifying. Increased efficiency of production, lowering of operation costs, reduced labor turnover and improved em ployee morale were the Uocfiu derived from this program. .For the last ten years we have been pouring 450 tons 0/ gray iron and aOeyvd casting per day oa a five day M- Very IwqsqCy, ia order to meet production reqursncBU, we hare worked six days per weri& Quoting from the National Safety Goondl&diny rates for 194% the national aver age for grey Iron foundries is fisted as: fieqocpQv--1.167 and severity--Ml Cater pillar foundry's safety record for this period was: frequency--<U and severity 05. From the same source the three year average for foundries lor the years 1WT-W fists: frequency--17JI and severity--IA9. Caterpillar foundry's figures for ttus period rad: frequency--7-78 and severity--ofi7l. Natsratly, we ate very proud of these comparisons, but wx have no ittusiens that we have arrived at the point where improvexdcbI on no longer be acccmpUthtd. To the contrary, we wUl continue to stress safety in the operation of oor foundry. Safety Equipment for Foundry Workers ' Safety Equipment for Foundry Workers St ntL OLSON Safety Supervisor, Wnkcdu Works, International Harvester Co, Waukesha, Wla. La's talk about seme of the safety equip Is a few so called "eye saved" eases, and ment used to protect our foundTM workers. we bare bad plenty of those. First on toy fist Is goggles. Goggles of With the wide variety of goggles offered all types should be provided. It is fmpottart by the safety equipment companies today, to get the right type of goggles for the I don't brilcvx St Is modi of a problem to Job J beSetx one of the most important get (he right type of goggles for any job, things is fim to sell (be employee oa the bat itgudui of Otis, you stin have a selling idea of wearing eye protection rather than job to do os your employee*. loddcntsHy to emphasise the compulsory wearing of our eotnpury like many ethos fnnririres cor goggles. U yen do have the proper goggles rected loose goggles to renplaytes at no cost for the job the employee i doing; do: it they are required. If the employee leaves and only then cm yoo expect poor employees our company be has the privilege of paying to cooperate with pot* rather (hn think up ooe-haH the cost price of the goggja nod a mUttes and one erases why they cannot retaining then for Ms own tat. By dong wear then. tins you help the employee cafegtnrd his Goggles coast also be fitted, always fed comfortable, and be kept* .in good repair. eyesight no matter where he finds employ ment. We reprice the use of goggles by Fitted and scratched tenses should be re ail employees in the phm except osr mold- placed. so that they do net interfere with Che employee's virion. Speaking of guggles era. and we are arranging for mwengt la that department now, W have not required fitting properly, I pcrsocafly know of phots our motdera to wrar goggles as they do where goggles are prodded, and wbac, hi no pouring or drifting, since vie hate m ordering frames, they overtook each Impor highly mctianlied foundry. Our ladders tant items as ordering different site bridges. caljr rale molds, and place them on con Unless you have these different rite bridges you surely easaot get a preper fit, because veyors oext to thtir beaches from where they are that mmeyuj to a pouring area. you east hare frame sires to St various However, we lamer zn eye Injury hasatd face rises. More and more employers are providing corrected tenses or prescription goggle* for still exists, and we hope to have our onployccs completely equipped with goggles soon. employees with defective vision. This In Our next Important piece of safety cqtti^ itsrtf is a grot help to the safety raywhet, cuest t leggings. We require flat aO cm- as you seldom have trouble vritii employees, ptoywes such as shifters, who arc wuridag who cannot see property without glasses due scar the tndds'bdng pourodL sad of coarse to defective virion, when corrected Isues the pouring crew, tappers, etc, wear knee are provided. One of the biggest objections type hasher leggings at aD times. We have f have encountered is to sell the employee us treed several kinds of leggings and have wearing goggles with ride shhMi. Many found the knee type most serviceable in exemes are madfc The cnosl common bring the excuse that they retard vauftaties sad oor foundry. Some of the reasons we finally decided on the knee-type, riuuae-lrasber came the Itsses to fbg. Secondly, side sftirid legging Is that you cut qttiddy jerk ft off create a blind area on dtber ride of their virion, and they eumot see such things as in as emergency. We <d use a hip-type chrome-leather legging, but our experience cranes, trucks, and other snoring hoards has been that when carrying band tadlefc approaching from the side, I think they they ore aimed and raised in pouring a may lava something there, but I haveoft little above the Irae, eaosmg the latter famd a substitute for side skidds to pre to harden and shrink between the hue and vail an object from catering from the ride the hip. We have been to bring of the face and probably canting an eye baric the original texture of the leather infary. The greatest salesman for goggles from Its shrunken cnocCtion, and It does 24 Melds Industry not afford the protection desired to the ployee b required to wear as a *****4^ upper put of the leg iio thb ocean. of enpfayrocat resit be famished gratis by Howeva; la wiring later type IcB^agi the employer. So we do not require that h is important Oat (he trotuez* are Moused our employees wear safety thoes in order over the top of the logging, so (hat raeltea to bold tiaor fobs, but we do oar best to melaJ oncot enter through the top and sdl employees on the idea of wearing mfctjr na deem mssde bcUco> the plants and the shoes, we sdl two types of shoes, legging. lace and what b commonly called moM- Before I centifroe discussing personal cr* shoes, which are the sKp-oa type with safety eqopaost. let's see ft, in poor tf* clastic rite. We sdl lac* shoes In both *****j+*,L this wearing of safety eqripmmt Ugh and oxford style*. We discourage pap. I hate pothire proof that It does waring oxfords except in our deasing. pay, because 1 can ox (he feoriry 1 work fo as an ejuuupk. o! the remits that on be obtained. The Harvester Gampwiy pur chased and took over opoaticn of the Wau kesha Foundry in February (Ml We had inspection, core and brushing departments, as hot sand and molten mod in other de partments may get in low shoes very easily. These safety shoes have pared many em ployees from serious Injury* I watt I no pfan&ed safety program and not tnasy coold show yea a couple of shoes that (are safety tides; sodi as those we have now withstood the heavy impact of a ostiog requiring the wearing of safely eqpdpxnsxt. that acridostatty dropped or fell, so you We bad 28 lost-time acesdests among our coold see hew the blow was deflected or foundry worker* la 1916 inriodmg one (a* how the toe of the shoe was crashed with reCty. la June of that year we (ad a out (musing injury to (he foot. safety program feactionlag and a goggle We also encourage the wearing of gloves and legging wearing tide that worked Oer by our grinders and employees who bundle record thereafter showed hue* it worked castings became an accident each as a cut Of the 28 lost-time acrideits k 1946, or* bom easy take place. Many time* a iwenty-fivt tappreod during the first dx grinder's hand dips and teethes the wheeL months. We bad three loss-time acddtnts The glore b cut hut the (and b saved from the last she months of that yeas. a injury. Sharp edges n castings can oust Daring 1947 we did ooi have a (ost-time auiduit, and we did not have a tun lira accUcu agam onD August 1948, which was the oafr one of Us type that yor. So we worked two yeas* wish one lost-time accident Daring these two yen, 1947 and nasty cuts, whhh can be prevented by the wearing of glove*. Ukcwiro a lirittr may accidently burn lus hand on molten metal or oa a mold or weight. The slaves used are. of tits gauntlet mid hnltwrt wila. type with a leather palm. Cloves arc sold to 19481 we worked over 2.159^000 hours with employees at cow. one lost-time sendent a a 100 po cot X think 1 hare mrmfiirinl the boards foundry operation. Incdagtafly. the one moss common So cue fouodrica which arc actidwit wo did have daring 1947 and 1948 buna, eye; foot and band injuries, and the amounted to only three day* lest time, la measures wc hare taka* to prevent then* 1949 we had throe f&si-tirae arridmt* These Of course, whas Is done to prevent neb amounted to a total of 48 day* los time, cajdries Is up to you, but we have pre and so far fa I960 we tor* bad two lost vented a let of these infdries is our phut. time aeodoits, one of which amounted to Safely education is a never-ending process, fear day*, and the other to one day of lost and yen moss put all your efforts into H * 1 think this record speaks for itsdf, to keep St alive. A safety program trast sad If yna eoald see same of the damaged go on dsyafter-day so ttot thee win be pmonal safety cqulpincgt tamed fa for re- ao letdown. phtemrpt and repair, you too would be During the many years thl 1 have ben uJihttibtftic about equipping your oaployccs connected with safety, 1 hare sold myself with seme type of geggla and ether typo cn it. If you are sold U Is that much easier of safety tqulpmuu. to sdl the other fellow; and If yon do sdl la Wisoonsfa, os probably may of Xo the other fellow on wearing peroral safety know, tader our Industrial rvimwt*fo* equipment your nfety program is bound to rates, say safety equipment that aa em Tie Problem of industrial Hygiene in lie Foundry 25 Ike Problem of Industrial Hygiene in the Foundry Cfa& lodastettl Hygfctrfct, Aaoko Brake Shoe Co* Medial Department, Chicago, HL Potential hazards to health fa the foundry ciost/y are becoming more msRcroos today teesuse of adnaera fa orctellttrgiQl re- setreh. Formerly the foundry was identified (\h siticoas. but reostt studies hare shown flat the pKtdffltt of h the industry is low. However new altering materials xre now being used to obtain speria! metal- brgical properties. Thus today we find lead,, tin, tdhmom. beryllbcv manganese, phos phorus. Rdwctht cobalt--4o enrae a few caterials bring used muthtiy (a founding. These have given rise to new hands and to orw problems of prevestioa. The sohztioo h not the same for aB yet. fortunately, there are some common principles of ap proach Hot are applicable in a generic way. Sometimes I think preventive measures are tewing so complicated that only a triad hyvknbt b opole of applying there btriSgonlr. Oa the other hand, there are certab ixiurmna sense pruudmu that should seem obvious-cm to the unaaitiated fa the tight of our pium Imowfedgt. ivo arent deal (ritb beryi&szm for rampl^ is the same way as you weald with cffkx or with radioactive materials, and restaraior* arc not * solution. As 1 have said else where: "Respirator* are a stop gap--a diifvnus remedy. In the first place thdr use tells esc into a reuse of false security. Suppose management imci rcsplutuii to all exposed employua fated of controlling the dust and fume; and thereby m its rmnd disposes of the toani has it solved the prebtool If the eolation of Industrial hy giene problem were that sample. you need ao bdastml hygiene program ether than a respirator service, and you need no fa* d&rtrial hygienists, Bat actually, men win not wear respirators continuously because they arc forced to bradhe aguasv m tritt* ancc: and for work requiring exertion or where there fa exposure to f% * respirator Is a erud remedy, ffcrthersote unless the respiratar fit* tightly, it is worthies*. To sty experience. (Ms device troy* be defined as a muzzle type ornament loosely prudent from the eeck and used fa dirty tndutrira to distinguish the laborers from the office onpfayees. "If a respirator must be were, except for unusual cases and for tatereuttesi or osual job*, it is aa indictment of the working curiroasmti and aa admission of unhygienic condition*. It should be a last resort when aO ether solutions hare failed or are improctial.*' This Is not to condemn rspimtor* per tr. They have titdr use and there b a real need for them fa the situations moiticocd bat they have been readily seized open as a panacea for aO Bis doe to exposure to foundry dusts and feme*. Properly aad appropriately worn, they are effective. As 1 sud before, the problem of preven tion is a complicated one. Some foundries are oriutiai some are production shops, ochcre Jobbing shop*. One -->*** beryffiam bronze castings, aoother tellurium iron, tad yet anmhcr manganese cteeL Comet and safe procedures will be Afferent fa cadi instance and the timiations of thb paper proven a derailed analysis of these spcrific problems. However, there are some control factors rommin to all and within the roeh of the poorest riant. Oddly enough thqr xre. fa my opinion, the mod powerful weapons fa the fight against ocaspatiezol disease. They are: ' 1. A criDmpwecr art the fort of top max* cgemenl to tomtt bed roadiftnu. Up sendee is futile and is rtadfly sensed by the fine supervision. The annual pep talk at the safety dinner is ooc enough. Supervisor* must be made to aecoost for departments! hygiene aa well as for production, lo toy experience; unless >u lave the support of top uanagBstert, Ox meet --exhaust tystt&s w31 net bring about good working 2. Good Housthttpinp, ft costs Cole but pay* the biggest dlridenfa. a dctiered and dirty area fa a foundry caoses acrideats and oeeupatiocal test. _ . 26 itctals Industry 1 will venture to say that the greatest eration has ceased. A spherical particle har reduction in the incidence of occupational ing the same density as quart* will fan disease and of accidents in the foundry will 0.016 foot per minute or t foot per boor is be brought about by good housekeeping. It still air. This important fact has not been is almost a complete answer to the question: fully appreciated by the foundry industry. "What can 1 do about industrial hygiene?** and yet it is often so ignored. If a plant manager walked into the treasurer's office and found twcnty-dollar Hits lying on the floor, in the waste basket, on the window I have found high dust concentrations in foundries with very good ventilating sys tems because the floors and rafters were sel dom if ever cleaned. For this reason, I have been strongly in favor of central bxult-m ledges, he*d he scandalized. Yet. in his own vacuum cleaning systems opable of main plant, equipment and material--all of which taining a vacuum of 12 inches of mercury itpi esent dollars--are strewn about in the at six outlets simultaneously. Such systems same careless manner, are not expensive. In fact, I believe a A certain foundry decided to put a new built-in vacuum cleaning system is as im concrete floor in the core room. When the portant as a good ventilating installation if contractor arrived to set the forms, he found we are to have good industrial hygiene in a perfectly good concrete floor about a foot the foundry. ' below the dirt. That is a true story! 3. The third important control factor is It has been shown by Hatch that occu education. 1 have found unsafe conditions pational disease is directly proportional to m the foundry because the supervision was crowding. ignorant of the toxic effects of the materials A study of 43 foundries in New York they used or of the hazards involved in a State revealed the following startling rela given process. tionships between housekeeping and the inci For example, one foundry was blissfully dence of silicosis. engaged in the production of beryllium Ktxabcs of Sfltccto Infitem (Percent) copper, totally unaware of the reported ex Huwhptm FUsts Mediae Maacaom Miairascn treme toxicity of beryllium; and the mate Fair.......... 5 1.9 Poor .......... 18 4.4 ZZ 15.4 1.0 rial was handled and processed with the 1J0 same indifference as phosphor-topper. Bad ............ 22 5.4 13JB Ofl Another plant making copper castings Note that no foundries were classified as having good housekeeping; only 5 were fair, 18 poor, but most of them bad. Note also the sharp reduction in the incidence of silicosis between plants with bad housekeep ing and those with fair. What would the difference be if the comparison were made was surprised when the workmen contracted lead poisoning because the copper contained Jess than 2 per cent lead. They forgot about the vapor pressure of lead at the melting temperature of copper and, as a result, there was a high concentration of lead-in-air around the unexhausted furnaces. between plants having bad and very good A third plant <fid not know that fumes housekeeping? from welding and burning steel and gray In one of our own brass foundries wc had iron castings is principally iron oxide. Is approximately 14 cases of lead poisoning a the concentrations produced by those opera month. With little change in the ventilating tions, iron oxide will cause a lung condition system but by reason of an excellent regi known as riderosis. Siderosis consists of men of good housekeeping alone, wc have a pigmentation of the lungs doe to deposits not had a single case in over five years. of iron throughout the lung fields. It is I know of a foundry that removed 60 tons of dust from the superstructures. Such material finally exceeds the angle of repose, and dust from the superstructures is con stantly set air-borne by building vibration. Particles of physiologically significant sue wiC remain suspended in stUI air for very long periods thus contaminating the at mosphere long after the dust-producing op nondisaMing and is harmless much as a tatoo mark an the skin is harmless though undesirable. However, the iron deposits are radio-opaque and their shadows seen on a roentgenogram are very similar in appear ance to those caused by fibrosis doe to free silica. As a result, a diagnosis of silicosis is frequently made and compensation for a non-existent disability results Presentation of Awards . 27 Now foundrymen are not toxicologists or industrial hygienists and, therefore, cannot be expected to know the hazards involved in founding. But the United States Depart ment of Health, branches of which are set up in each state, is at their service at no charge. This is a fact-finding organization without coercive or police powers; and. therefore, no plant should fear to call on them for assistance if the plant really wants technical advice. The foregoing three factors then; (1) Conviction on the part of top managematt that, good industrial hygiene is good busi ness ; (2) Good housekeeping; and (3) Education, are prerequisites in any foundry hygiene program. Without them, it is fool ish to discuss safe practices or Co "* expensive ventilating systems. Presentation of Awards By GROVER C. BROWN Secretary, Industrial Relations Committee, American Iron New York. N. Y. Strrl Tivritirti*. * The metals industry was one of the first to be recognized as a separate and distinct section of the National Safety rvarr-yi Metals, together with nine other industries was organized as a separate section in 1915. The first safety contest for this section was held 14 JW5 later in 1929. Today we are celebrating its 22nd consecutive safety con test. Only 34 units were entered in that first contest, all under one general classification but divided into groups A and B according to size. Through the years this section has grown until it now encompasses nine sepa rate classifications, each divided into three groups, A. B, and C according to size As you know, these nine classifications are: steel otflls, iron and steel rolling mills, non-ferrous metals and products, foundries, machine shops with foundries, heavy* fabricating, light fabricating, heavy machinery and light ma chinery. Included within these nine classifica tions are 2315 separate operating units scat tered geographically from Canada to the Gulf of Mexico and from the Atlantic to the Pacific coast. All are eligible to compete in this Metals Section's Safety Contest. A "Unit" may be a single plant or de partment or a group of plants or depart ments, a part or the whole of a company. These 2315 operating units have combined payrolls of more than a minion employees, all potential players oa the many scores of safety teams eligible to* compete m this contest. This yesr 706 units have satisfied all re quirements and completed the contest This is equivalent approximately to one out of every three nails eligible to compete. (A few additional units participated through part or all of the contest period but for some reason have faffed to fulfil) all requirements to the end and are not now included in this total.) To build up this total of 706 com peting units, the heavy fabricating and light fabricating divisions each supplied 128. Light machinery supplied 103 units, foundries--96t and heavy machinery'--90. Sixty-nine units came from steel mills and 32 from non- ferrous metals and products. Iron and steel rolling mills and machine shops with foun dries contributed the remainder with 3Q r?rh One hundred and sixty-six of these units are in Group A, 239 in Group B, and 301 in Group G * Nratey-six of these units have emerged from this contest as 1st place winners. This is equivalent to an average of approximately one for every seven units which satisfac torily completed the contest (A winner is a unit with a perfect score or with the lowest score in its respective group.) Group A, of largest units, is credited with 9 win ners; Group B, of medium sized units, has 13 winners; and Group C, of smallest has come through with 74 winners. The ratios of number of 1st place winners to number of contestants is therefore -- For Group A--l for every 18.4 units For Group B--1 for every 18.4 units For Group C--1 for every 4.1 units 28 MeUtls Industry A total of 67 perfect scores were achieved among the 96 1st place winners m this con test. Two of these perfect scores were made in Group A, 11 in Group B, and 74 in Group C. It will be noted that all winners in Group C had perfect scores. Of the 96 1st place trophies to be awarded, light fabricating will capture the largest share, or 23; next m order wiO come foundries and heavy fabricating, each with 19. Light machinery will receive 14, and heavy fabricating 10. Finally, steel mills have won four trophies, machine shops with foundries three, and iron and steel rolling mills and non-ferrous metals and products, two each. * fin addition to the 96 first-place winners which will be awarded trophies, there are also 15 second-place and 18 third-place win ners, which win be awarded certificates.) The concerted effort* of the 706 contestants in this Metals Section's contest have re sulted in reducing the average accident fre quency rate in this industry from 6.55 at tained in the 1948-49 contest to 535 for the current contest--a reduction of 18 per cent. Each of the tune classifications m this sec tion an take just pride in the part which it has played in this noteworthy accomplish ment. Among them, improvement ranges from a maximum oi 24 per cent for foundries to a minimum of 14 per cent for both heavy machinery and non-ferrous metals and products. Machine shops with foundries improved 22 per cent; tight ma chinery 21 per cent; heavy fabricating 20 per cent; and iron and steel rolling nulls 19 per cent. Steel mills, which had the lowest rate among all of the classifications in the 1948-49 contest, has maintained that position in this contest through an improvonent of 16 per coat and a current low frequency rate of 3.44. * A number of companies have winning units in more than one classification and more than one group. Only one company, however, has more than one winning unit in Group A. and none has more than one winning unit in Group B. Specifically, Bethlehem Steel Company has two winning units in Group A and one in Group C U. S. Steel has one in Group A and nine in Group G Re public Steel has one in each of Groups A and B and seven in G Westinghousc Elec tric has one in each of Groups A and B and two in G Jones and Laughlin Steel has one in Group B and four in Group G Finally, the E L Dupont Company, the James B. Qow Company, the Pullman Standard Car Company, and the Western Electric Company each have one winning unit in each of Groups B and G It should be noted that American Brake Shoe Company, although not having winning units in more than one group, has the dis tinction of 14 winning units m Group G Possible Clue for Further Accident Reduction By WM. C. OBERG General Manager of Operations, Carnegie-Winois Steel Corporation We, in management, who head up com pany activities, whetho they be safety, operations, engineering or any of the other phases ot our business spend a great deal of time studying the problems connected with our specific activities and those of our industry as a whole. As a result, we obtain definite pictures of our objectives, how we shall attain them and the port each member of our organization will play. We strive m this manner to know how to be ready lor an}* eventuality and how* to begin action when a particular proUan arises. The essential facts must be separated from the mam* details that surround titan. AH things must be simplified to the extent that the primary objectives arc dear and wdl-defined and each member of the or ganisation understands the fnD scope of hts job- Despite the time and energy that might be put into studying a particular problem and determining the course of action to be taken, what would be gained if each indi vidual did not fulfill his part in the over-all plan? It is not primarily the plan devised and put into effect that solves problems and brings progress to industry, but rather the job done by each of us while putting that plan into action. To accomplish whatever task we might possible Clue for Further Accident Reduction 29 have to perform, therefore, specifications have been established for och management position in our plants, including the safety engineer. The first responsibility is "analyzing and injurious situations as they may exist throughout his area. In a line and staff organization such as ours, tine departments bare full authority and responsibility for die execution of new improvements and programs. They deter appraising the adequacy of existing safety and sanitation conditions, procedures, meth ods, practices and trusting.** The tingle objective safety program approached the mine what should be done and give the orders to do it On the other hand, the safety engineer, as a staff representative who understands that line authority does industrial safety problem by reviewing past not belong to him, mast not only develop experiences and determining those situations his own sense of awareness, but also that that resulted in accidents in the past. of tine department supervisors m his areas. Through such a plan, the safety engineer Gosely allied with the analysis and ap develops an "awareness" of critical situa praisal of safety matters are the safety tions which must be corrected to prevent a engineer's duties in connection with accident recurrence of accidents. Another approach investigation. The safety engineer makes is the prevention of accidents before they an independent investigation of cadi lost happen, based upon an awareness of the time accident In addition, be participates in causes of injuries. The ntilixatign of both of an advisory capacity when department and these approaches requires careful analysis division superintendents conduct formal re of accident reports, procedure, and post rec views of these accidents. On such occasions, ords. But these, m themselves, wiD not he critically examines for adequacy the facts permit the safety engineer to do a thorough presented, as well as the judgments of the and effective job. group, and then collaborates with them m Each operation must be studied separately on-tbe-job to determine where potential ac developing corrective measures. In connection with all of the work so far described, a variety of information in the cidents are "waiting to happen." Awsraetf is an understanding that is based upon facts obtained through careful study and analysis ' of all the factors bearing ax the sale per formance of every job and operation. The development of his own awareness of acridoat possibilities, therefore, is the safety engineer's first step toward making himself ready for the problems that He ahead. It is also essential to his helping the operator to do the best possible safety job. form of reports and records readies the lands of the safety engineer. It is hi* re sponsibility to see that this information is maintained in suitable form for the use of department and plant management in con trolling and preventing injuries. In some cases, such as single objective awareness and control charts, records are maintained in the various departments. We all recognize that the pay-off of safety investigations and appraisals comes An actual case of lack of awareness con when effective controls are established and cerns a wortanan in a billet yard who accident frequencies go down. This matter perched oo the end of a billet protruding requires complete collaboration between the from the pile and proceeded to cut it off safety staff, line department managemoit with a bunting torch. His lack of aware personnel, and other staffs concerned. The ness resulted in a fractured kg. Consider safety engineer consults with bis superior, the case, also, of a workman who proceeded the general supervisor of safety, mid then to bora off a wall bracket which extended works with departmental management to de from the wall about four feet above the termine plans, procedures, and programs de ground. When the bracket was separated, signed to etimmatr accidents. At such it fell on the man's foot and also resulted times, the safety engineer again acts in an in a fracture. In both of these cases, the men involved were "looking without seeing." They were not aware of the possibilities of injury existing to the job being done. The safety engineer, therefore, must assume the re sponsibility of ciafriog an awareness of advisory capacity, passing along his recom mendations to those members of the depart ment who have sole authority to take the action he suggests. In a rimlfar manner, he collaborates with various staff <frpartnii* for the purpose of providing better service to the line. Officers of the METALS SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1950.51 Central Chairman--PAUL E GRUNDMAN, Safety Enginm, Rustless lira and Steel Division. Annco Sted Corporation. Baltimore, Md First Vice-Chairman- -HOWARD HOLLAND, Supervisor of Safety, The Youngstown Sheet & Tube Company, East Chicago, Ind Sffowi Vtee-CkainMM--H_ S. SIMPSON, Safety Engineer, Caterpillar Tractor Company. Peoria, BL - Secretary--J. J. NOLAN, Safety Engineer. Bethlehem Sted Company, Bethlehem, Pa. Sexes Letter Editor--A. H. ZKtUKGHR, Safety Engineer, The Cdcndo Fod & Iron Corporation, Podbto, Cohnda Sems Letter Co-Editor--W. J. M. REDWOOD, Safety Supervisor, Industrial Relations Department, Algma Sted Corporation, Ltd, Sanlt Ste. Marie. OnL, Canada. Engineering and Practices Committee--GERARD O. GRIFFIN (Chatman), Director of Safety. Dravo Corporation, Neville Island. Pittsburgh, Fa. Steel Industry--A G. WH1SMAN (Chairman), Supervisor of Safety, Gary Sted Works, Garnegie-Illmois Sted Corporation, Gary, Ind.; W. E BARKER, Safety Advisor, East Works Pbm, Annco Sted Corporation, Middletown, Ohio; W. D. WILLIAMS, Assist ant Supervisor of Safety, The Youngstown Sheet & Tube Company, East Chicago, Ind; W. T. McLEAN, Supervisor of Safety, Caroegie-IBinois Sted Corporation, Youngs town, Ohio. - Foundry Industry--J. D. HOLTZAPPLE (Qsurman), Personnel Supervisor, OaitinentaJ Foundry & Madm** Company, East Chicago^ Ind; *D. A. FARRELL (Advisory Chairman), Supervisor of Safety, Caraegje-IHinois Sted Corporation. Pittsburgh, Fa.; IRVIN A. BRINKMAN. Director of Employment, Safety* & Wdfare, MackintoshHonpinQ Company, Phtdmrgh, Pa.; E. J. WALLMAN, District Supervisor of Safety, American Brake Shoe Company, Chicago, IU-; C. J. VAN DAMN, Safety Director, GnnpbeQ, Wyant & f'-yrmnn Foundry Company, Muskegon, Mich.; A. G. STARRETT. Pqsound Director, The Buckeye Sted Castings Company, Columbus, Ohio; EARLE M. LAYMAN, Director of Personnel. General Sted Castings Corporation, Eddystanc, Pa.; SHERMAN RICHARDSON, Assistant Persoond Manager, American Radiator and Standard Sanitary Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pa.; T. R. SEELING, Employment Man ager, ttawnferyiwHg Division, Wc3*Udtts Company, M*rMgai City, Ind Fabricating Industry W. H. WILSON (Chairman), Safety Director, Ambridge Plant, American Bridge Company, Ambridge, Pa.; FRED B. SKEATES, Pa sound Director, Link-Belt Company, Orecago. BL; R PALMINL Safety Engineer, J. L Case Company, Rockford Worts, Rockford, BL; WALTER E WILLIAMS, Safety Engineer, Butler Manufacturing Company, Galesburg, HL 45 *6 MetaLs industry San-Ferrous Metals Industries--C L. BRADSHAW (Chairman), Safety Director, Aio- nunum Company of America, Pittsburgh, Pa.; *H_ G. KENSEL (Advisory Chairman). Safety Director, The Voitogstovn Sheet & Tube Company, Chicago, 111.; MILES L ABEL, Executive Vice-President, Magnesnon Company of America, East Chicago, Ini; G. L. RIENZO, Supervisor of Workmen's Oirp-u*8*TM". Revere Copper and Bran Incorporated, Rome, N. Y.; T. F. BRADY, Superintendent. First Aid and Effipfoymcs Department, The Internationa? Nickel Company, Incorporated^ Huntington Worls. Huntington, W. Va.; WILLIAM S. VISOKAY, Superintendent of Safety, Bridgeport Brass Company, Bridgeport, Conn.; \V. J. NEEDHAM, Safety Eng-. Anaconda Cxtpsei Mining Company. Anaconda, Mont;CL McCOY, Director of Personnel. Chase Brass & Copper Company, Cleveland, Ohio- Steel Warehousing Industry--JOHN C. CUSHING (Chairman), Director of Industrial Relations, Untied States Steel Supply Company, Chicago 10.; *F. VV. KELSEY (Ad visory Chairman), Supervisor of Safety & Welfare. Jones & Laugblin Steel Corpora tion, Jones & Laughlin Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. iFire Manufacturing Industry--PETER CONTARDO (Chairman), Safety Director, /oho A. RocbUng's Sons Company, Trenton, N. ); mJ. F. COLLINS, Supervisor of Safety, The Youngstown Sheet & Tube Company, Youngstown. Ohio. Metallic Coating Industry--'BOXTSTE TRENT (Ooimoa), Chairman, Plant Safety Com mittee, American Hot Dip Galvamzers Association, loc, Pittsburgh. Pa.: *C M. ALLEN (Adrtsory* Chairman), Staff Supervisor of Safety, Artnoo Steel Corporation. Middletown, Ohio. Program Committee-*GEORGE J. EIGENROD (Chairman). Safety Supervisor. Republic Steel Corporation, Buffalo, K. Y.; H. HOUCK (Vico-Ctaurman), Superintendent of Safety and Welfare. Aliquippa Works, Jones & Laughlm Steed Corporation, Affqtrippa. Pa.; T. R. SMITH, Safety Supervisor, Republic Steel Corporation, Youngstown, Ohio: J. E NICHOLS, Director of Safety, Reynolds Meals Company. Reynolds Metals Building. Richmond. Va.; EDWARD MARTIN. Director of Safety, Oliver Iron and Sled Corporation, South Tenth and Muriel Streets, Pittsburgh, Pa.; ALLEN M. MORGAN, Manager, Industrial Relations Department, Haynes Stellite, Kokomo, Ind.: G- P. GRACE, Assistant to General Sales Manager, Industrial Chain Division, Cohnnbus McRmnoa Chain Corporation, Tcnawaada. N. Y.; J. N. MAHAN, Snperrisor of Safety and Insurance, Continental Stee? Corporation, Kokomo, Ind Contest and Statistics Committee--HUDSON W. REED, JR- (Chairman), Director of Industrial Rdations, The American Wdding & Manufacturing Company, Warren, Ohio; E. J. LAXCLAND, Safety Director, Great Lakes Steel Corporation, Ecorse; Detroit. Mkh.; W- W. MacVICAR, Superintendent, Safety Department, Bethlehem Stud Com pany, Sparrows Point Plant, Sparrows Point, Afd; J. P. LEONARD, Personnel and Safety Kreaor, Blaw-Knox Company, Pittsburgh. Pa_; W. ROY WIDDOES, Director of Industrial Relations, LukeOs Steel Company, CbatesvtRe, Pa. Poster Committer--D. D. MATR (OoinnanJ, Supervisor, Safety and Welfare De portment, Pittsburgh Works, Jones & LaughKn Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pa.; A E ASEL, Safety* Supervisor. Sheffield Steel Corporation, Kansas City. Mo.; H. J. JONES, Manager, Industrial Relations, The Colorado Fuel & Iron Corporation, Buffalo, N. Y.; STANLEY \V. HALL, Safety Engineer, Steel Operations, Ford Motor Company. Dearborn, Mich.; H- L RE8RASSIER. President. Tke Society of Ohio Safety Engineers, Wheeling Sled Corporation, Wheeling. W. Va,; PAUL LUNDQUIST, Safely Director, Acme Sled Company, Rirenhle IK Metals Industry 47 Membership Committee-- 0. KUMLER (Chairman), Assistant Director, Industrial Relations. Safety, Casualty & Pensions, American Sled & Wire Company. Rockefeller Building. Cleveland, Ohio; R. M. DAVIS, General Supervisor of Safety, Homestead Works, Carnegie-Illinois Sted Corporation, Munhall. Pa.; W. It KELSON, Manager of Safety, Republic Sted Corporation, Republic Building. Cleveland. Ohio; A. L. LOTT, Manager of Industrial Relations, The Steel Company of Canada. Ltd, General Offices, Hamilton, Canada; C J. VAKDEVENTER. Safety Director, Atlantic Steel Company, Atlanta, Ga; R. H. BUMGARDNER, Manager, Safety and Casualty Bureau,. Ten nessee Coal, Iron and Railroad Company, Birmingham, Ala.; MILO W. GRAY, Safety Director, Weirton Sted Cotnjssny, Weirtan, \V. Vx. Visual Education Committee--ROBERT S. B. HOLMES (Chairman), Director of Training and Safety, National Tube Company, Frick Building. Pittsburgh, Pa.; E. D. MORGAN, Superintendent of Plant Protection & Safety, Bethlehem Plant, Bethlehem Sted Company, Bethlehem, Pa.; J. A- DOWNEY, JR. Director, Personnel & Safety, Sloss-Sbeffidd Sted & Iron Company. Birmingham. Ala; ARTHUR D. MURPHY, Director of Safety and Suggestion Plan, Crucible Sted Company of America, Pittsburgh, Pa.; KENNETH L WARD, Assistant to Supervisor of Safety, The Youngstown Sheet & Tube Company. Youngstown, Ohio. Trade Association liaison Committee--EDWARD C. METZEL (Qiairman), Industrial Relations Department, United Stales Sted Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pa.; J. R- VAN SYCKLE, Safety Supervisor, Republic Sted Corporation, Republic BuUiag, Cleveland. Ohio; R_ M- WALSH, Assistant Director, Safety and Plant Service, Inland Sted Company, Indiana Harbor Works, East Chicago, lad.; J. F. JULI, Safety Director, Consolidated Western Sted Corporation, Los Angeles, CaL; G. A. RILEY, Supervisor of Safety. American Brake Shoe Company, New York, N. Y.; A. R_ WOLFE, Assist ant Treasurer, American Smelting and Refining Company*. New York, X. Y.; HARRY E. FRAYER. Safety Director, L. A. Young Spring & Wire Corporation, Detroit, Mich. Health Committee--DR S. A. NORRIS (Chairman). Chiel Surgeon, Jones & Laugblin Sted Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pa.; DR. RICHARD j. BENNETT, Chief Surgeon. Carnegie-Illinois Sted Corporation, Chicago. HL; DR W. F, LYON, Supervisor, Medical Services, Interoatioxai Harvester Company. Chicago. UL; DR. . H. CARLETOX. Method Director. Inland Sled Company. Indiana Harbor Works, East Chicago, Ind. hiembers-at'Largc--*E. F. BLANK, Assistant to Vkc-Presidan, Employee nod Public Relations, Jones A Laughlin Sied Corporation. Jones & LaughUn Building, Pittsburgh, Pa.; GROVER C BROWN, Secretary, Industrial Relations Committee, American Iron and Sted Institute, New York, N. Y.; *R. A. CHAFFIN, Vice-President, Industrial Relations, Continent?) Sled Corporation, Kokomo, Ind.; *R- H. FERGUSON, Assistant Director of Industrial Relations, Republic Sted Corporation, Republic Building, Cleve land. Ohio; *G. T. FONDA, Assistant to President. Weirton Sted Company, Weirton. W, Va.; *E- H. FYLER, Superintendent, Industrial Relations, Cartxegtc-Illinois Steel Corporation, Gary Steel Works, Gary, Ind.; *H. J. GRIFFITH, Assistant to Manager of Coal Mines. Joan & Langblin Sted Corporation. Vesta-Shannoptn Coal Division, Gaffforma, Pa.; *F. A. LAUERMAN, Director of Industrial Relations, Republic Sted Cor poration, Youngstown, Ohio; *J, A. QARTEL, Pittsburgh, Pa.; R. L SCHMITT, 130 North Bayly Street, Louisville, Ky.; *H. J. SPOERER, Director of Industrial Relations, The Youngstown Shed Sc Tube Company, Youngstown, Ohio. Staff Representative--WU. N. DAVIS, Senior Engineer, National Safety Council. Chi cago, TU. Part Gaen] fhatnwan