Document G5z04Oe1DoMEOp5o3z2Y9DZKV

FILE NAME Threshold Limit Values TLV DATE 1962 DOC TLV005 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION Documentation of Threshold Limit Values American Conference of Govt Industrial Hygienists | DOCUMENTATION OF THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUES MOSTRIAL j AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS COMMITTEE ON THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUES Copies of this publication may be obtained from American Secretary : Conference of Governmental 1014 Broadway Cincinnati 2 Ohio Industrial Hygienists Price per copy 4.00 Make checks payable to American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists Copyright 1962 by American Conference of Governmental Governmental Industrial Hygienist| Reference--- 1. Sayers R.R Am Stds Assn 237. No. 9 1943 Cook W.A Ind Med 14 2. Pinto S.S Communication to Committee Member 1961 0.05 ppm Approximately 0.2 m The extreme acute toxicity of art is well known 250 ppm for 30 minutes is fatal to man and 3-10 ppm can cause poisoning symptoms in a few hours 1 Nau 2 reported the conditions of an arsine exposure that indicated the previous limit of 1 ppm was too high Elkins 3 reported a case of severe but nonfatal arsine poisoning that resulted from an exposure averaging 0.5 ppm Elkins has concluded that 0.05 ppm arsine is not an unreasonable low limit on the basis of a study of chronic arsine exposures of Bulmer et al 4 Urinary As varied from 0.7 to 4 mg in men showing toxic signs of exposure of jaundice and anemia As- suming 75 of the As is excreted in the urine 1 mg As corresponds to 1.33 mg Intake or 0.133 mg As air if 10 m air is taken as the average amount of tidal air inhaled during a working day This corresponds to 0.033 ppm arsine and suppor the recommended limit of 0.05 ppm arsine References Henderson 1. 1943 Y. Haggard H.W Noxious Gases Reinhold Publishing Co. N.Y. 2. Nau C.A South Med J. 41 341 1948 3. Elkins H.B Chemistry of Industrial Toxicology Wiley & Sons N.Y. 1959 4. Bulmer F.M.R. et al J. Ind Hyg & Tox 22 111 1940 5 mcf Asbestos is a generic term applying to a number of mineral silicates that are incombustible in air and can be sepurated into filaments The most widely used in industry is chrysotile a magneusm silicate from serpentine Other types include amosite an iron magnesium silicate crocidolite a sodium iron silicate tremolite a calcium magnesiumagmnesium silicate and anthophyllite also an iron magnesium silicate Miller and Sayers 1 showed that I traperitoneal injection of amosite chrysotile and crocidolite in guinea pigs produced the reaction of an inert dust Vorwald et al 2 confirmed this for short fibers under ) but observed that long fibers produced a fibrous reaction Continuing unpublished work by Gardner these workers demonstrated that long filers 20 microns and above produced peri- bronchiolar fibrosis in lower animals and developed evidence that this resulted from mechanical rather than chemical action Asbestos dust containing 0.6 per cent fibers longer than 10 microns in concentrations of 138 mppcf or 0.8 million long fibers per c.f. was capable of producing experimental asbestosis in guinea pigs When the concentration was 5.7 per cent fibers over 10 microns 40 mppcf equivalent to 2.7 million long fibers per c.f. ) the reaction developed in approximately half the time That exposure to asbestos is associated with development of a potentially 3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,1 disabling pneumoconiosis pneumoconiosis pneumoconiosis in man has beei umply demonstrated by industrial ence 3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11 The present threshold limit relates to the experi- pre- vention of asbestosis It was recommencel by Dreessen et al 8 after study of 541 employees in three asbestos text plants using chrysotile Only three 11 f pneumoconiosis were found in those exposed to dust concentra- Appcf whereas numerous marked cases were found above 5 mppcf rom collected samples in ethyl alcohol and distilled water s and fibrous particles were counted but the latter greatly pre. While chemical analyses of collected samples of airborne dust corres- > those of settled dust samples es by conventional methods can be it is believed that dust expected to give only an counts of parindirect measure risk of asbestosis because of the great reletive importance of long fibers ferences -. Miller J.W. Sayers R.R Pub Health Rept 56 264 1941 Arch 1951 2. Vorwald A. J. Durkan T.M. Pratt P.C Arch Ind Hyg 3 1 3 Merewether E.R.A J. Ind Hyg 12 198 239 1930 Pneumoconiosis Abstracts 1926-1938 Vol I p 128 4 Wood W.B. Gloyne S.R Lancet Dec. 22. 1934 pp 1383-1385 5 Fulton W.B. Dooley A. Matthews J. L. Loutz R.L Penn Dept. Labor and Ind Bull 42 1935 6 Lanza A.J. McConnell W.J. Fehnel J.W. Pub Health Rept 50 1 1935 7 Donnelly .: J. Ind Hyg & Tox 18 222 1936 8. Dreessen W.C. DallaValle J.W. Edwards T.I. Miller J.W. Sayers R.R 9. 10. 11. Pub Health Bull No. 241. Wash D.C. ..938 ..938 Lynch .: Arch Ind Health 11 185 17 Smith K.W Arch Ind Health 12 198 1955 Cartier .: Arch Ind Health 11 204 155 BARIUM and Combourds Combourds 0.5 mg The clinical entity baritosis has been reported in the industrial hygiene literature sporadically since 1934 when L schke 1 described a case with almost fatal outcome in a baryta worker who had apparently inhaled ample quantities Other reports of industrial exposure to tarium compounds with or to lithopone have described pulmonary nodulation with or without function such as dyspnea on exertion 2,3 More soluble forms without exposure decrease in lung of barium as the carbonate oxide and nitrate tend to be more injurious particularly acutely of Dusts tion barium oxide are considered potential ) gents of dermal and nasal irrita- The pharmacologic action of barium is well known 5 chief among the actions of barium is its effect on muscle ticularly cardiac increasing its excitabil- ity Skeletal arterial intestinal and bronchial muscle are all affected by barium In addition effects on the hematopoie ic system have been noted as well as on the cerebral cortex Fazekas et al 6 have reported that subcutaneous subcutaneous injection of an aqueous solution of barium chloride at a dosage of 5 kg caused acute toxicity with death after 2-2.5 hours Chronic poisoning was achieved by the injection of solu- mg tions at 10 5 and 2 Rabbits Rabbits in this series were killed at 98 to 193 days Effects on the central nervous system are described m The present limit of 0.5 mg air was suggested by Hyatt 7 who employ ed this limit for a number of years at the Los Alamos Laboratories with satisfac nry results for the control of exposure to barium nitrate It is not known whe Aded safety this limi incorporates doubtful cases of pneumoconiosis were found in those exposed to dust concentrations under 5 mppcf whereas numerous marked cases were found above 5 mppcf Counts were from collected samples in ethyl alcohol and distilled water Both fibrous and fibrous particles were counted but the latter greatly predominated While chemical analyses of collected samples of airborne dust corresponded to those of settled dust samples it is believed that dust counts of particulates by conventional methods can be expected to give only an indirect measure of the risk of asbestosis because of the great relative importance of long fibers References 1. Miller J.W. Sayers R.R Pub Health Rep 56 264 1941 2 Vorwald A. J. Durkan T.M. Pratt P.C Arch Ind Hyg 3 1 1951 3 . Merewether E.R.A J. Ind Hyg 12 198 219 1930 Pneumoconiosis Ab- stracts 1926-1938 Vol I p 128 Wood W.B. Gloyne S.R Lancet Dec. 22 934 pp 1383-1385 5. Fulton W.B. Dooley A. Matthews J. L. Houtz R.L Penn Dept. Labor and Ind Bull 42. 1935 6 Lanza A.J. McConnell W.J. Fennel J.W Pub Health Rept 50 1 1935 . 8.. Donnelly .: J. Ind Hyg & Tox 18 222 1936 Dreessen W.C. DallaValle J.W. Edwards T.I. Miller J.W. Sayers R.R Pub Health Bull No. 241. Wash D.C. 198 9. Lynch .: Arch Ind Health 11 185 1955 10. Smith K.W Arch Ind Health 12 198 1955 11. Cartier .: Arch Ind Health 11 204 1955 BARIUM and Compounds 0.5 mg The clinical entity baritosis has been reported in the industrial hygiene literature sporadically since 1934 when Leschke 1 described a case with almost fatal outcome in a baryta worker who had apparently inhaled ample quantities Other reports of industrial exposure to barium corounds with or without exposure to lithopone have described pulmonary nodulation th or without decrease in lung function such as dyspnea on exertion 2,3 Mor soluble forms of barium as the carbonate oxide and nitrate tend to be more injurious particularly acutely Dusts of barium oxide are considered potential agents of dermal and nasal irrita- tion 4 The pharmacologic action of barium is well known 5 chief among the actions of barium is its effect on muscle particularly cudiac cudiac increasing its excitabil- system ity Skeletal arterial intestinal and bronchia muscle are barium In addition effects on the hematopoieti system have all affected by been noted as well as on the cerebral cortex Fazekas et al 6 have reported that subcutaneous injection of an aqueous solution of barium chloride at a dosage of 5 mg caused acute toxicity with death after 2-2.5 hours Chronic poisoning was achieved by the injection of solu- tions at 10 5 and 2 kg Rabbits in this series were killed at 98 to 193 days Effects on the central nervous system are describe m The present limit of 0.5 mg Ba air was suffested by Hyatt 7 who employ- ed this limit for a number of years at the Los Alamos Laboratories with satisfac- tory results for the control of exposure to barium nitrate It is not known what degree of added safety this limit incorporates 12-