Document G58dZXZO3e0o7E8VxnJ56qjoN
Heating
Moist air (continued) saturation, 14 specific volume, 18
Moisture, 137, 705, 733
content, 705, 706, .734 in building construction, 137load, 208, 625 loss per person, 69, 208 movement in materials, 138 permeability, 140
regain, 705 transmission, 138, 625
Mol, 4 Molecular force of water, 138 -
Motor, motors, 173, 207, 657
alternating current, 659
capacitor type, 662
classification, 660, 661, 667
control, 664, 666
control equipment for, 664
current limitation, 664, 665
design limits, 658
drives, 657
electric, 657
enclosures, 667
flossary, 666
___
eat generated by, 173, 207
hermetically enclosed, 663
increment limitation, 664, 665
multispeed, 662
polyphase, 659
rating, 666
repulsion induction, 663
selection, 657
single phase, 682, 665
speed characteristics, 658
speed classification, 668
split phase, 663 squirrel cage, 659, .664 starting methods, 664 synchronous, 660, 662, 664 wound rotor, 659, 665
Mountings, flexible, 363
N
Natural draft, 531 towers, 605
Natural ventilation, 153 general rules. 156 neat removal, 154
Noise, noises, 345, 671.
absorptive material, 355
air-conditioning system, 345, 671
air supply opening, 353
apparatus-for measuring, 346, 654
attenuation, 346
control, 345, 847
controlling vibration, .363
cross transmission between rooms, 363
drwlgn room level,- 358
duct sound absorbers, 354-356
duct system attenuation, 354
fans, 350
general problem, 347
..
grille, 353
intakes, 289
lands of, 350
levels, 284, 350-352
loudness, 346
measurement, 346, 654
plate cells; 356.
plenum absorption. 357
recommended levels, 350, 351
through building construction, 350, 363
transmitted through ducts, 350, 363
unit of measurement, 345, 346
Nozzle flow, 41, 42
Ventilating Air Conditioning Guide
1960
Nurseries for premature infanta, 98 air-conditioning equipment, 98 air-conditioning requirements, 98
O
Odor, odors, 63, 78. 101 adaptation to smoke, 79 adsorption, 79, 80-83 control, 78, 80 definition of, 78 detection, 78 effect of temperature and humidity on, 79 human body, 63 index, 84 release, 79 removal, 80-84 charcoal adsorption, 80 combustion, 83 counteraction, 81 masking, 81 neutralization, 81 scrubbing, 81 ventilation, 80 washing, 81 retention, 79, 80
Oil burners, 499, 502 atomizing, 500, 503 boiler settings, 502 classification, 500, 503 combustion adjustments, 501 combustion efficiency, 502 combustion process, 501 commercial, 502 controls, 510 domestic, 499 furnace design, 502 gun type, 500 industrial, 502 measurement of efficiency of combus tion, 502 mechanical draft, 500 operating requirements, 501
- rotary type, 500, 503 vaporizing type, 501
Oil fuel, 483 analysis, 484 calorific value, 485 classification of, 483, 484 combustion index, 485 combustion of, 455, 498 estimating consumption, 510, 555 heating of, 503 piping, 505 storage, 503, 505
Oil storage tanks, 505
One-pipe system, 368, 410 gravity air-vent, 368,'369 hot water, 4, 410 steam, 4, 368 supply riser, 4 unit heater connection,-368 vapor, 369
Opening, openings air supply noises, 353 sealing of, 153 stacks, 156 types of, 155 doors, 155 roof -ventilators, 155
. skylights, 155 vertical, 153 windows, 155
Operating rooms, 96 conditions, 97
Operating rooms (continued) reducing explosion hazard, 96 sterilization of air in, 98
Orifice discharge, 41, 373 flow, 41 formulas, 42, 649 beating systems, 372
Orsat apparatus, 653 Outdoor air, 63, 64, 186, 206, 681, 682
Outlet, outlets air noises, 353 ceiling, 285 duct approaches, 287 location, 247, 286, 287 perforated, 285, 288 performance, 283, 287 selection, 286 side outlets, 247 slotted, 28S sound absorbers, 358
types. 247, 285 vaned, 285 wall outlets, 285 Overhead, distribution, 367, 403, 782
Overhead system, 4, 367, 403, 782 Owen jet dust collector, 77 Oxygen
chambers, 101 tents, 100 therapy, 100
Ozone, 64, 87
P*
Fund heating, 4, 431
application methods, 431
calculation- principles, 433-436
control, 444
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convection transfer. 434
design of panel, 436-444
electric, 243, 244, 433, 444 .
embedded piping, 431, 432
hot water, 431, 437
installation, 444
output from surface, 431, 433
piping, 431.
radiation transfer, 433
starting system, 432
steam, 431
warm air, 4, 264, 433, 434 -
Panel radiator, 4
Particle rise chart, 76
Perfect gas relationships, 16
Perforated ceilings, 286
Perforated outlets, 285, 286
Perm, 4
Permeability, 4, 139, 141
Permeance, 4, 139-141
pH value, 523, 751, 754, 755
Physical unpurities in air, 64'
Physiological principles, 63 acclimatization, 66
application to problems, 68 comfort chart, 72 effective temperature, 68 high temperature hazards, 66 thermal interchanges, 64
upper limits of heat, 67 Pipe coils, 217, 219, 689
heat emission, 219, 467-470 wall, 219
Pipe, piping, 447
application, 463, 464. breeching, 522
capacity, 219, 376-382, 407; 427, 767769 . .
coatings, 762
Index to Technical Data Section
Pipe, piping (continued) coil connections, 392 coil output, 219 cold water, 765 color identification, 12 commercial dimensions, 447-451 conduits for, 397 connection to heating units, 392 cooling tower, 772
corrosion, 751, 758 covering, 465 design, hotwater system, 403 dimensions, 447-451 economical thickness insulation, 474 expansion, 456-460
fittings, 451-462. fitting equivalent, 375,408,409,428,.770,
771 flexibility, 456-460' forced circulation, 403 freezing, 476 friction loss, 405, 406, 408, 427, 767-769
gas, 508, 509; hangers, 460 heat loses, 467-471 hot water beating systems, 403, 424,
428 hot water supply, 782 inside dimensions, 448-450 insulation, 400, 465 insulation to prevent freezing, 476 low temperature insulation, 475 materials, 447, 762 one-pipe forced circulation, 410 one-pipe gravity, 379 one-pipe vapor. 382 overhead distribution, 367, 403, 782
pressure loss, 38. 40 properties, 447-451, 462 refrigerant, 576, 577 rises, 375, 405. 426
cooling systems, 772 forced circulation, 405-413 gas, 508 nigh pressure steam, 376-381 high temperature water, 426, 427 hot water forced circulation, 405-413 indirect heating units, 383 low pressure, 376-379 ` one-pipe riser, 378, 382 one-pipe vapor, 378' orifice systems,-372, 373 pressure drop, 374, 375 tables for steam, 377-379 threading data, 449, 451 two-pipe forced circulation, 409 two-pipe low pressure, 382 -
two-pipe riser, 378 two-pipe vapor systems, 383 vacuum systems, 383 water supply systems, 765, 767-769
steam distribution, 373-383, 397 steam heating systems, 373-383 supports, 460 surface, 447-451 symbols for drawings, 9 tax, 520 threading practice, 449 tunnels, 399
underground insolations, 478 unit heater connections, 230, 231, 368,
394
water supply, 765
welding, 455
wrought-iron, 447
wrought-steel, 447
Pitot tubes, 46, 648
Plate cell, 356
Plenum absorbers, 357
Plenum chambers, 4
Pneumatic control systems, 627 Pollen, atmospheric, 9Q
Pollution of air, 75, 77 Polyphase motors, 659 . Ponds, 598 Potentiometer, 4, 646 Power, 4 Precipitators, 342 Precooling, 275
Premature infant nurseries, 98
Pressure
absolute, 4 atmospheric, 1
changes in ducts, 293, 301
dynamic, 4 gages, 4, 647 loss, elbows, 259, 300, 375, .408, 428, 770'
loss, water supply- piping, 767-769
measurement, 647 barometer, 647
regulators, 383 saturation, 4
static, 4 taps, 45 total, 4
vapor, 4
velocity, 4
Prime surface (see Heating .surface), 5
Process and product air conditioning, 699
calculations, 708 conditioning and drying, 707
control of chemical reactions, 707
general requirements, 699 humidities, 699-705
..
laboratories, 708 '' machining tolerance, 707 '
moisture content and regain, 705 polished surfaces, 707
process, 699
temperatures, 699-705 Propeller fan, 313, 316, 321
Protective coatings, 762
Psychrometer, 4. 651
Psychrometric chart, 28-35, 70
Psychrometiy, 4
Pump, pump*
condensate return, 387 high temperature, 426 mechanical circulators, 414, 426 vacuum beating, 387
controls. 388 piston displacement, 388 Pyrometer, 4, 647 optical, 647 radiation, 647
R
Radial flow fan, 313 Radiant drying, 739
Radiant heating, (see Panel healing) Radiation, 4, 49
baseboard, 218 equation, 50 finned tube, 219 load, 520 ratings, 220 shape factor, 54 thermal, 4
Radiator, radiators, 4, 217-219 baseboard, 218 codes, 217, 220, 7%), 791 concealed, 4, 221 connections, 393 correction factor, 221 direct, 5
xix
Radiator, radiators (continued) effect of paint, 221 enclosed, 221 heat emission of, 217 output of, 217 panel, 4 ratings, 220 recessed, 5, 219 tube, 5, 218 types of, 217
Radioactive contaminants, 90
Railway air conditioning, [681 air cleaning, 682 air distribution, 682 heating, 681 humidity control, 682 refrigeration, 681 . summer systems, 681 temperature control, .682 ventilation, 682 winter systems, 681
Reciprocating compressors, 572
Recording equipment, 630 Rectangular duct equivalents. 297-299 Reducing valves, 383 . Reflective insulation, 108, 110
Refrigerant* refrigerants, *5, 555
dichlorodifluoromethane, 560-5 feeds, 325 monochlorodifluoromethane, 560, 561,
564 pipe size, 576, 577 tnchloromonofluoromethane, 561, 566 water, 569
Refrigeration, 559, 681, 683
absorption system,.570
accessories, 578 -
air cycle, 569
basic concepts, 559
complex cycles, 568
compressors, 572-574 '
condensers, (see Condeiuen), 574
control, 572, 574, 576
coolers, 575 '
definitions, 559
discharge pressure, 567
equipment selection, 578 -
evaporators, 575
expansion valves, 575
- float valves, 576
heat pump, 581-596
load, 177
mechanical, 559, 568, 683, 687
piping, 576, 577
reverse cycle, 559, 581
ship, 687
simple cycle, 561
steam jet, 569
subcooling, 568
suction, 566
.superheating, 568
Kbois for drawing, 9 ry, 559 ton of, 5. 559
x
types of compressors (see Compres
sors), 572,573
vapor compression cycle, 561
water jacket, 567
Regain* 705 control of, 705 hygroscopic materials, 706 static, 304
Register, registers, (aee Grilles) 247,277, 2S5, 289, 353
air aoises, 353