Document G0zKe22z0rNa8LzXx1rXxBgr

frZZSSOOOdV TLVs Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances in the Work Environment Adopted by ACGIH for 1984-85 AP00055725 1983*84 CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES TLV COMMITTEE Vernon L. Carter, O.V.M., Ohio State University -- Chair Melvin E. Andersen, Ph.D.. USAF James R, Crawl, USN B, Dwight Culver, M.D., University of California-irvine James W. Hammond, C.t.H., University of Texas Trent R. Lewis, Ph.D., NIOSH Jesse Lieberman, P.E., USN Frederick T. McDermott, C.I.H., Michigan Dept, of Public Health Walter W. Melvin, Jr., M.D., Sc.D., Colorado State University MaryK. Murphy, OSHA Leonard Q. Pagnotto, C.I.H., Massachusetts Dept, of Labor & Industry --Secretary Ronald S. Ratney, OSHA Meier Schneider. P.E., C.I.H., Metropolitan Water District of Southern California Robert Spirtas. Dr. PH, National Cancer Institute Vera F. Thomas, Ph.D., University of Miami William D. Wagner, NIOSH CONSULTANTS Georg Kirnmerle, M.D., German MAK Commission Liaison Ernest Mastromatteo, M.D. George Roush. Jr., M.D. Marshall Steinberg. Ph. D. Theodore R. Torkelson, Sc.D. Ralph C. Wands Elizabeth K. Weisburger, Ph.D. Mitchell R. Zavon, M.D. TABLE OF CONTENTS Chemical Substances Page Preface................................................................. Threshold Limit Values and Short-Term Exposure Limits.............................................................. Dusts........................................................................................ Notice of Intended Changes........................................... Appendices A Carcinogens............................................................ B. Substances of Variable Composition........... C. Mixtures: Calculation of TLVs.......................... D. Nuisance Particulates......................................... E. Asphyxiants........................................... F. Conversion of Particle Count to Mass.......... G. Chemical Substances Under Study............... H. Registered Trade Names..................................... 2 9 34 36 46 47 SO 51 51 64 56 Biological Exposure Indices Preface................................................................................... 59 Indices.................................................................. 62 Physical Agents Preface.......................................................... 67 Threshold Limit Values Heat Stress.............................................. 68 Ionizing Radiation.......................................................... 75 Lasers................................................................................. 76 Noise................................................................................... 66 Impulsive or Impact Noise.......................................... 87 Radiofrequency/Microwave Radiation................. 88 Ultraviolet Radiation............................,....................... 92 Notice of Intended Changes.......................................... 95 Lasers................................................................................. 95 Light and Near-lntrared Radiation.......................... 95 Airborne Upper Sonic and Acoustic Radiation.. 96 Cold Stress....................................................................... 99 Hand-Arm (Segmental) Vibration............................ ill Agents Under Study.......................................................... U6 1 AP00055726 PREFACE CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Threshold limit values refer to airborne concentra tions of substances and represent conditions under which it is believed that nearly all workers may be repea tedly exposed day after day without adverse effect. Be cause of wide variation in individual susceptibility, how ever. a small percentage of workers may experience discomfort from some substances at concentrations at or below the threshold limit; a smaller percentage may be affected more seriously by aggravation of a pre existing condition or by development of an occupational illness. Threshold limits are based on the best available infor mation from industrial experience, from experimental human and animal studies, and. when possible, from a combination of the three. The basis on which the values are established may differ from substance to substance; protection against impairment of health may be a guid ing factor for some, whereas reasonable freedom from irritation, narcosis, nuisance or other forms of stress may form the basis for others. The amount and nature of the information available for establishing a TLV varies from substance to sub stance; consequently, the precision of the estimated TLV is also subject to variation and the latest Documentation should be consulted in order to assess the extent of the data available for a given substance. These limits are intended for use in the practice of industrial hygiene and should be interpreted and applied only by a person trained in this discipline. They are not intended for use, or for modification for use, (1) as a rela tive index of hazard or toxicity, (2) in the evaluation or control of community air pollution nuisances. (3) in es timating the toxic potential of continuous, uninterrupted exposures or other extended work periods, (4) as proof or disproof of an existing disease or physical condition, or (5) for adoption by countries whose working condi tions differ from those in the United States of America and where substances and processes differ. The TLV-TWA should be used as guides in the control of health hazards and should not be used as fine lines between safe and dangerous concentrations. In spite of the fact that serious injury is not believed likely as a result of exposure to the thfeshold limit con centrations, the best practice is to maintain concentra- 2 tions of all atmospheric contaminants as low as is practical. Legal Status. The Threshold Limit Values, as issued by ACGIH. are recommendations and should be used as guidelines for good practices. Wherever these values (of whatever year) have been used or included by reference in Federal and/or State statutes and registers, the TLVs do have the force and effects of law. "Notice of Intent." At the beginning of each year, pro posed actions of the Committee for the forthcoming year are issued in the form of a "Notice of Intended Changes." This Notice provides not only an opportunity for comment, but solicits suggestions of substances to be added to the fisf. The suggestions should be accom panied by substantiating evidence. The list of intended Changes follows the Adopted Values in the TLV booklet. Values listed in parenthesis in the "Adopted" list are to be used during the period in which a proposed change for that Value is listed in the Notice of Intended Changes. Definitions. Three categories of Threshold Limit Val ues (TLVs) are specified herein, as follows: a) The Threshold Limit Value-Time Weighted Average (TLV-TWA) -- the time-weighted average concentration for a normal S-hour workday and a 40-hour workweek, to which nearly ail workers may be repeatedly exposed, day after day, without adverse effect. b) Threshold Limit Value-Short Term Exposure Limit (TLV-STEL)-- the concentration to which workers can be exposed continuously for a short period of time with out suffering from 1) irritation, 2) chronic or irreversible tissue damage, or 3) narcosis of sufficient degree to in crease the likelihood of accidental injury, impair self rescue or materially reduce work efficiency, and provid ed that the daily TLV-TWA is not exceeded. It is not a separate independent exposure limit, rather it supple ments the time-weighted average (TWA) limit where there are recognized acute effects from a substance whose toxic effects are primarily of a chronic nature. STELs are recommended only where toxic effects have been reported from high short-term exposures in either humans or animals. A STEL is defined as a 15-minute time-weighted average exposure which should not be exceeded at any time during a work day even if the eight-hour timeweighted average is within the TLV. Exposures at the STEL should not be longer than 15 minutes and should not be repeated more than four times per day. There should be at least 60 minutes between successive expo sures at tha STEL. An averaging period other than 15 minutes may be recommended when this is'warranted by observed biological effects. 3 AP00055727 c) Threshold Limit Value-Ceiling (TLV-C) -- the con centration that should not be exceeded even instantan eously. For some substances, e.g.. irritant gases, only one category, the TLV-Ceiling, may be relevant. For other substances, either two or three categories may be rele vant, depending upon their physiologic action. It is im portant to observe that if any one of these three TLVs is exceeded, a potential hazard from that substance is pre sumed to exist. The committee holds to the opinion that limits based on physical irritation should be considered no less bind ing than tnose based on physical impairment. There is increasing evidence that physical irritation may initiate, promote or accelerate physical impairment through in teraction with other chemical or biologic agents. Tima-Weighted Average vs Ceiling Limits. Timeweighted averages permit excursions above the limit provided they are compensated by equivalent excursions below the limit during the workday. In some instances it may be permissible to calculate the average concentra tion for a workweek rather than for a workday. The rela tionship between threshold limit and permissible excur sion is a rule of thumb and in certain cases may not apply. The amount by which threshold limits may be ex ceeded for short periods without injury to health de pends upon a number of factors 3uch as the nature of the contaminant, whether very high concentrations -- even for short periods -- produce acute poisoning, whether the effects are cumulative, the frequency with which high concentrations occur, and the duration of such periods. All-factors must be taken into consider ation in arriving at a decision as to whether a hazardous condition exists. Although the time-weighted average concentration provides the most satisfactory, practical way of monitor ing airborne agents for compliance with the limits, there are certain substances for which it is inappropriate. In the latter group are substances which are predominantly fast acting and whose threshold limit is more appropri ately based on this particular response. Substances with this type of response are best controlled by a ceiling "C" limit that should not be exceeded, it is implicit in these definitions that the manner of sampling to determine noncompliance with the limits for each group must differ; a single brief sample, that is applicable to a "C" limit, is not appropriate to the time-weighted limit; here, a sufficient number of samples are needed to permit a time-weighted average concentration throughout a com plete cycle of operations or throughout the work shift. 4 Whereas the ceiling limit places a definite boundary which concentrations should not be permitted to exceed, the time-weighted average limit requires an explicit limit to the excursions that are permissible above the listed values. It should be noted that the same factors are used by the Committee in determining the magnitude of the value of the STELs, or whether to include or exclude a substance fora "C" listing. Bxcursion Limits. For the vast majority of substances with a TLV, there is not enough toxicological data avail able to warrent a STEL. Nevertheless, excursions above the TWA-TLV should be controlled even where the eighthour TWA is within recommended limits. Earlier editions of the TLV list included such limits whose values de pended on the TWA-TLVs of the substance in question. While no rigorous rationale was provided for these particular values, the basic concept was intuitive: in a well controlled process exposure, excursions should be held within some reasonable limits. Unfortunately, nei ther toxicology nor collective industrial hygiene experi ence provide a solid basis for quantifying what those limits should be. The approach here is that the maximum recommended excursion should be related to the varia bility generally observed in actual industrial processes. Leidel, Busch and Crouse,' in reviewing large numbers of industrial hygiene surveys conducted by NIOSH, found that short-term exposure measurements were generally log normally distributed with geometric standard devia tions mostly in the range of 1.5 to 2.0. While a complete discussion of the theory and prop erties of the log normal distribution Is beyond the scope of this section, a brief description of some important terms is presented. The measure of central tendency in a log normal distribution Is the antilog of the mean loga rithm of the sample values. The distribution is skewed and the geometric mean is always smaller than the arith metic mean by an amount which depends on the geo metric standard deviation. In the log normal distribution, the geometric standard deviation (sd2) is the antilog of the standard deviation of the sample value logarithms and 68.2ey0 of all values lie between nysd, and m, x sd,. If the short-term exposure values in a given situation have a geometric standard deviation of 2.0, 5% of ati val ues exceed 3.13 times the geometric mean. If a process displays a variability greater than this, it is not under good control and efforts should be made to restore con- leictel. N.A.. K.A. Busch and W E. Crouse: Exposure Measurement. Action Level and Occupational Environmental Variability. NfOSH Pub. No. 76-131 (December 1975). 5 AP00055728 trol. This concept is the basis for the new excursion limit recommendations which are as follows: Short-term exposures should exceed three times the TIV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes dur ing a work day and under no circumstances should they exceed five times the TLV, provided that the TLV7WA is not exceeded. The approach is a considerable simplification of the idea of the log normal concentration distribution but is considered more convenient to use by the practicing in dustrial hygienist if exposure excursions are maintained within the recommended limits, the geometric standard deviation of the concentration measurements will be near two and the goal of the recommendation will be accomplished. When the toxicologic data for a specific substance are available to establish a STEL, this value takes prece dence over the excursion limit regardless of whether it is more or less stringent. "Skin" Notation. Listed substances followed by the designation "Skin" refer to the potential contribution to the overall exposure by the cutaneous route including mucous membranes and eye, either by air borne, or more particularly, by direct contact with the substance. Vehicles can alter skin absorption. Little quantitative data are available describing ab sorption of vapors and gases through the skin. The rate of absorption is a function of the concentration to which the skin is exposed. Substances having a skin notation and a low TLV may present a problem at high airborne concentrations, par ticularly if a significant area of the skin is exposed for a long period of time. Protection of the respiratory tract, white the rest of the body surface is exposed to a high concentration, may present such a situation. Biological monitoring should be considered to deter mine the relative contribution of dermal exposure to the total dose This attention-calling designation is intended to sug gest appropriate measures for the prevention of cutan eous absorption so that the threshold limit is not invali dated. Mixtures. Special consideration should be given also to the application of the TLVs in assessing the health hazards which may be associated with exposure to mix tures of two or more substances. A brief discussion of basic considerations involved in developing threshold limit values for mixtures, and methods for their develop ment. amplified by specific examples are given in Appen dix C. 6 Nuisance Particulates. In contrast to fibrogemc dusts which cause scar tissue to be formed in lungs when in haled in excessive amounts, so-called '`nuisance" dusts have a long history of little adverse effect on lungs and do not produce significant organic disease or toxic ef fect when exposures are kept under reasonable control. The nuisance dusts have also been called (biologically) "inert" dusts, but the latter term is inappropriate to the extent that there is no dust which does not evoke some cellular response in the lung when inhaled in sufficient amount. However, the lung-tissue reaction caused by in halation of nuisance dusts has the following characteris tics: (1) The architecture of the air spaces remains intact. (2) Collagen (scar tissue) is not formed to a significant extent. (3) The tissue reaction is potentially reversible. Excessive concentrations of nuisance dusts in the workroom air may seriously reduce visibility, may cause unpleasant deposits in the eyes, ears and nasal passages (Portland Cement dust), or cause injury to the skin or mucous membranes by chemical or mechanical action per se or by the rigorous skin cleansing procedures nec essary for their removal. A threshold limit of 10 mg/m3, or 30 mppcf. of total dust < t% quartz, or, 5 mg/m3 respirable dust is recom mended for substances in these categories and for which no specific threshold limits have been assigned. This limit, tor a normal workday, does not apply to brief exposures at higher concentrations. Neither does it apply to those substances which may cause physiologic impairment at lower concentrations but for which a threshold limit has not yet been adopted. Some nuisance particulates are given in Appendix D. Simple Asphyxiants --"Inert" Gases or Vapors. A number of gases and vapors, when present in high con centrations in air. act primarily as simple asphyxiants without other significant physiologic effects. A TLV may not be recommended for each simple asphyxiant be cause the limiting factor is the available oxygen. The minimal oxygen content should be IB percent by volume under normal atmospheric pressure (equivalent to a par tial pressure. pCb of 135 mm Hg). Atmospheres deficient in Os'do not provide adequate warning and most simple asphyxiants are odorless. Several simple asphyxiants present an explosion hazard. Account should be taken of this factor in limiting the concentration of the asphyx iant. Specific examples are listed in Appendix E. Physical Factors. It is recognized that such physical factors as heat, ultraviolet and ionizing radiation, humid ity. abnormal pressure (altitude) and like may place added stress on the body so that the effects from expo sure at a threshold limit may be altered. Most of these 7 AP00055729 stresses act atWetseVy to tacrease the toxic response of a substance. Although most threshold limits have built-in safety factors to guard against adverse effects to moder ate deviations from normal environments, the safety fac tors of most substances are not of such a magnitude as to take care of gross deviations. For example, continu ous work at temperatures above 90F, or overtime ex tending the workweek more than 25%. might be consid ered gross deviations. In such instances judgment must be exercised in the proper adjustments of the Threshold Limit Values. Unlisted Substances. Many substances present or handled in industrial processes do not appear on the TLV list in a number of instances the material is rarely present as a particulate, vapor or other airborne conta minant, and a TLV is not necessary. In other cases suffi cient information to warrant development of a TLV, even on a tentative basis, is not available to the Committee. Other substances, of tow toxicity, could be included in Appendix D pertaining to nuisance particulates. This list (as well as Appendix E) is not meant to be all inclusive; the substances serve only as examples. In addition there are some substances of not in con siderable toxicity, which have been omitted primarily be cause only a limited number of workers (e.g., employees of a single plant) are known to have potential exposure to possibly harmful concentrations. Trade Names. Because many chemical substances are marketed under several trade names, the trade names have been replaced with their generic equivalent in the alphabetical listing. Appendix H was created to ease this transition and the CAS number appears with the generic name to aid identification. Operational Guidelines: The ACGIH Board of Direc tors has adopted operational guidelines for the Chemical Substances TLV Committee. These guidelines prescribe: charge, authority, policies, membership, organization, and operating procedures. The policies include the ap peals procedures. Copies of the guidelines document are available from the Publications Office at a cost of $5 per copy. NOTE: In the interest of keeping this book as small as possible, the footnotes for adopted values appear on right handpages only. 6 Substance[CAS #j ADOPTED VALUES TWA STEl ppm"- mg/m*4' ppm" mgim3"' Acetaldehyde 175-07-0]...... 100 180 Acetic acid [64-19-7]......... 10 25 Acetic anhydride [108-24-7]....................... C 5 C 20 Acetone 157-64-1J............... 750 1,780 Acetonitrile [75-05-8 i-- Skin................................. Acetylene [74-86-21............ 40 E 70 -- Acetylene dichloride, see 1. 2-Didiloroettiyiene tAcetylene tetrabromide [79-27-6]......................... 1 15 AcetylsaJicylic acid (Aspirin) [50-78-2]......... Acrolein [107-02-8]............ -- 0.1 5 0.25 Acrylamide (79-06-1 j-- Skin....... .......................... -- 0.3 Acrylic acid [79-10-71....... 'Acrylonitrile [107-13-1)-- 10 30 Skin................................. tAidrin [309-00-2]--Skin.. 2, A_2 4.5. A2 0.25 Allyl alcohol [107-18-6]-- Skin................................. Alfyt chloride (107-05-11... Allyl gfyeidyl ether (AGE) 2 1 5 3 [106-92-3] --Skin......... Ally! propyl disulfide 5 22 (2179-59-11..................... t a-Alumirva. (1344-2B-1 )...... Aluminum [7429-90-5] 2 -- 12 D t Metal ioride................. Pyro powders................. Welding fumes............... -- --. -- 10 5 5 Soluble salts................... Alkyls (N0C1)................. 4-Aminodiphenyl [92-67-11 -- -- 2 2 -- Skin............................. Alb 2-Aminoethanol, see Ethanolamine t2-Aminopyridine (504-29-0)....................... 0.5 2 150 15 _ 1.000 60 (1.5) _ 0.3 _ _ _ _ 4 2 10 _3 _ _ _ _ -- (2) 270 37 __ 2.375 105 (20) o.a 0.6 __ (0.751 to 6 44 18 (201 (20) _ _ -- (4) a) Parts erf vapor or gas per million parts of contaminated air by volume at 25 c and 760 mm Hg pressure. c) Approximate milligrams erf substance per cubic meter of air. t See Notice ol Intended Changes. '1984-1985 Addition. fNOC - Not otherwise classified. Capital letters A. 8. 0 & E refer to Appendices; C denotes ceiling Omit. 9 AP00055730 Substance [CAS #] ADOPTED VALUES TWA SUL nmv1' mg/m5*' pptrr mg/m5"' 3-Ammo 1. 2. 4-trtazole. see Amitroie {Amitroie [61-82-5]......... (A2) (A2) Ammonia [7654-41-71....... Ammonium chloride fume [12125-02-91................... {Ammonium sulramate 25 18 10 [7773-03-0].................... n-Amyl acetate [628-63-7], sec-Amyl ace tale 100 10 530 (626-38-01....................... {Aniline [62-53-3) & homoioyues -- Skin...... Anisidine (i'9191-52-4) (o-, 125 2 670 10 p-isomers)-- Skin......... Antimony 17440-36-0 }& 0.1 0.5 compounds, as Sb......... Antimony trioxide [1309-64-4] 0.5 Handling and use, as Sb Production....................... {ANTTJ [86-88-4].................. Argon [7440-37-1]............. Arsenic [7440-38-2] & -- -- E 0.5 A2 0.3 -- soluble compounds, as As..................................... 0.2 Arsenic tricixide production (1327-5:3-3).................... A2 Arsine [7764-42-1]............. Asbestos n 332-21-4], see DUSTS............................. 0.05 0.2 Ala Asphalt [petroleum) fumes [8052-42-4].................... Atrazine (1912-24-9].......... -- 5 5 {Azinpbos-methyt (86-50-0) -- Skin............................ 0.2 Barium [7440-39-3]. soluble compounds, as 8a..................................... 0.5 {Benomyl [17804-35-2]...... 0.6 10 Benzene (71-43-2)............. 10, A2 Benzidine [92-87-5] -- 30, A2 Skin................................. p-0enzoquinone. see Quinone Benzoyl peroxide [94-36-0] Alb 5 Benzo[a)pyrene [50-32-8].. -- A2 Benzyl chloride [100-44-7]. 1 5 Beryllium [7440-41-7]....... -- 0.002, A2 35 _ 150 150 (5) -- -- -- -- _ -- (1.3) 25, A2 -- -- -- Z7 20 (20) 600 800 (201 _ -- (0.9) -- -- 10 -- (0.6) (151 75, A2 _ -- -- -- 10 Substance [CAS #) ADOPTED VALUES TWA STEL ppm*' mg/m5"' ppm*1 mg/m3" Biphenyl [92-52-1]............. {Bismuth telluride 0.2 1.5 0.6 (1304-82-1 ].................... -- 10 -- { Se-doped......................... Borates, tetra, sodium 5 salts [1303-96-4 J, Anhydrous....................... -- 1-- Decahydrate.................... -- 5-- Pentahydrate................... -- 1-- {Boron oxide [1303-86-2]... {Boron tribronide [10294-33-1]................... Boron trifluoride [7637-07-2].................... -- (i) Cl 10 (10) C3 -- (3) __ {Bromacil [31440-91.......... Bromine (7726-95-6]......... {Bromine pentafluoride 1 0.1 10 (2) 0.7 0.3 [7789-30-2].................... 0.1 0.7 (0.3) Bromochforomethane, see Cblorobromomethane Bromoform [75-25-2] -- Skin................................. 0.5 5 _ {1, 3-Butadiene [106-99-0], (1,000) (2,200) (1,250) Butane (106-97-8)............... BOO 1.900 Butanethioi. see Butyl mercaptan 2-Sutanone, see Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) 2-Butoxyethanol [111-76-2] --Skin......... 25 120 75 n-Butyl acetate [123-86-4], sec-Butyl acetate [105-46-4 ]....................... 150 200 710 200 950 250 tert-Butyl acetate [540-88-5]....................... Butyl acrylate [141-32-2J... n-Butyl alcohol [71 -36*3] -- Skin............................. sec-Butyl alcohol [78-92-2] 200 10 C 50 100 950 55 C 150 305 250 -- __ 150 tert-Butyl alcohol [75-654)1 Butylamine [109-73-9] -- 100 300 150 Skin................................. C 5 C 15 tert-Butyl chromate, as CrOs [1189-85-1] -- Skin.................................. n-Butyl glycidyl ether (BGE) [2426-OB-6].................... -- C0.1 25 135 -- -- 4 (20) (10) __ _ _. (20) (30) (20) 2 (2) __ (2,750) 360 950 1.190 1,190 455 450 -- -- Capital tetters A, B, D A 6 refer to Appendices: C denotes ceiling limit (See Notice of Intended Changes. 11 AP00055731 ADOPTED VALDES TWA STEL Substance (CAS #\ ppnT' mgjm1*' ppm"' mg/m3*' n-Butytlactate [138-22-7).. Butyl mercaptan (109-79-51....................... o-sec-Butyiphenol [89-72-51--Skin.......... p-tert-Butyftciluene (98-5M | Cadmium (7440-43-9) Dust & satts, as Cd....... Cadmium oxide 5 0.5 5 10 _ 25 -- _1.5 _30 60 20 0.05 _ 120 (0.2) [1306-19-0] Fume, as Cd.................... Production.................... . -- Calcium carljonate/ marble (1317-65-3].................... Calcium cyanamide [156-62-7]....................... . Calcium hydroxide [1305-62-0].................... . Calcium oxide [1305-78-8] -- Calcium silicate [1344-95-2).................... Camphor, synthetic [76-22-21......................... . 2 Caprolactam [105-60-2J Dust................................. _ Vapor............................... captafoi 425-06-1] -- Skin................................. 5 . iCaptan [133-06-2].............. -- Carbary! [63-25-21............. -- Carbofuran '1563-66-2].... -- Carbon black [1333-86-4].. -- Carbon dioxide [124-38-9]. 5,000 Carbon disullide [75-15-0] -- Skin............................. Carbon monoxide 10 [630-08-0]....................... 50 Carbon tetrabromide [558-13-41....................... 0.1 Carbon tetrachloride [56-23-5] --Skin.......... 5, A2 Carbonyl chloride, see Phosgene Carbonyl fluoride [353-50-4]....................... 2 Catechol (Pyrocatechol) [120-80-9]....................... 5 C 0.05 0.05 D 0.5 5 2 D -- _ -- -- [20] (1) _ -- __ 12 3 18 1 20 10 0.1 _ 5-- 5-- 0.1 -- 3.5 -- 9,000 [15,000) 3 40 _ 115) (10) -- fj) (27,000) 30 _ 55 400 1.4 0.3 440 4 30, A2 (20, A2) (125, A2) 55 20 _ 15 -- 12 Substance [CAS #1 ADOPTED VALUES TWA SUL ppm- mg/m3*' ppmJI mg/m3 *' Cellulose (paper fiber) [9004-34-6].................... Cesium hydroxide [21351-79-11.................. Chlordane (57-74-9! -- Skin................................. Chlorinated camphene D (20) 2 0.5 2 [8001-35-2]--Skin...... Chlorinated diphenyl oxide [55720-99-5]................... Chlorine [7782-50-5]......... Chlorine dioxide [10049-04-4]................... Chlorine trifiuoride [7790-91-2].................... Chloroacetaldehyde [107-20-0]....................... _ 1 0.1 CO 1 Cl t).S 0.5 3 0.3 C 0.4 C3 _ 3 0.3 1 2 9 0.9 a-Chloroacetophenorte [532-274] (Phenacyl chloride).......................... Chloroacetyf chloride [79-04-9j......................... 0.05 0.05 0.3 0.2 Chlorobenzene [106-90-7] (Monoch!orot>en2ene).... o-Chlorobenzylidene 75 350 malononitrile [2698-41-1] -- Skin...... Chlorobromomethane C 0.05 C0.4 [74-97-5]......................... 200 1,050 2-Chloro-1, 3-butadiene, see 0 Chloroprene Chiorodifluommelhane [75-45-6]......................... 1,000 3.500 Chlorotfiphenyl (42% Chlorine) [53469-21-9] 250 1,250 1,300 4,375 -- Skin............................. 1 2 Chlorodiphenyl (54% Chlorine) [11097-69-1] -- Skin............................. __ 0.5 1 1-Chloro, 2, 3-epoxy-propane, see Epichlorohydrin 2-Chloroettianol, see Ethylene chlorohydrin Chloroethylene, see Vinyl chloride 1Chloroform [67-66-3]......... 10, A2 bis-Chloromethyl ether 50, A2 (50. A2) (225, A2) [542-88*1)..................... . 0.001, 0.005. Ala Ala - -- Capital letters A. 6, D & E refer to Aooendices: C denotes celling limit. See Notice of Intended Changes. 13 AP00055732 Substance [CAS #] ADOPTED VALUES TWA ` --------------- ppm"' mg/m3"' ppm- Chtoromehyl methyl eJter [107-30-21....................... A2 A2 -- 1-Chioro- l-nitropropane [600-25-91....................... Ohioroper tafiuoroelhane [76-15-3}......................... 2 1,000 10 6.320 -- _ Chloropiciin [76-05-2]....... 0.1 0.7 0.3 /3-Chlorocrene [126-99-61 -- Skin............................. o-Chlorostyrene 10 45 -- [1331-28-6].................... 50 285 75 o-Chlorotcikrene (95-49-8). 50 250 75 2-Chloro- 6-(trichloromeihyl) pyridine, see Nitrapyrin Chloipyrifos (2921-88-2) -- Skin............................. -- 0.2 -- Chromite ore processing (Chromate), as Cr.......... Chromium (7440-47-31 Metal................................ Chromium (II) compounds. -- 0.05, Ala -- 0.5 -- -- as Cr................................ Chromium (Hi) -- 0.5 -- compounds, as Cr.......... -- 0.5 -- Chromium (VI) compounds, as Cf Water soluble................. Certain water insoluble.. -- 0,05 __ 0.05. Ala __ __ Chromyl chloride {14977-51-81................... Chrysene [218-01-9].......... Clopidol (2971-90-6j.......... 0.025 A2 -- 0.15 A2 10 -- __ __ Coal tar pilch volatiles (8007-415-2], as benzene solubles........................... tCobalt [7440-48-4], as Co metal, dust & fume....... _ 0.2. Ala _ (0.1) _ _ Cobalt carbonyl [00000-00-01, as Co...... _ 0.1 _ Cobalt hydrocarttonyl (16642-03-8), as Co...... Copper (7440-50-81 -- 0.1 _ Fume................................ % Dusts 4 mists, as Cu.... -- _ _0.2 --. 1 tCotton dust, raw................. -- 0.2' -- Cresol {1319-77-3], ail isomeres -- Skin............ 5 22 _ Cfotonaldehyde (123-73-9] 2 66 - * 430 375 0.5 - 5n (21 (0-5) _ 18 14 ADOPTED VALDES TWA STEl nhstanee ICAS #) cmfornate [299-85-5]....... Cumene [98-82-8]--Skin. Cuanamide [420-U4-2]....... Cyanides (151-50-8. 143-33-91. as CN -- ppm"' irig/m3' --5 50 245 --2 ppm" _ 75 -- mg/m3 20 365 -- Skin.................................. Cyanogen (460-19-5]......... 10 5 20 Cyanogen chloride (506-77-4]....................... CO.3 C 0.6 Cvdohexane (110-82-/).... 300 1.050 Ovclobexanol [108-93-0]... Cvcfohexanone [108-94-1 ]. 50 25 200 100 Cyclohexene [110-83-8].... 300 1.015 Cydohexytamine tt 06-91-81-- Skin......... to 40 Cyclonite (121-82-4)-- Skin.................................. _ 1.5 Cyclopentadiene (542-92-7)....................... 75 200 Cvclopentane 1287-92-3]... 600 1.720 tcvhexatki [13121-70-5].... X2. 4-D [94-75-71................ JoDT (Dichlorodiphenyl- -- -- 5 10 trichloroethane) 150-29-3]......................... 1 Decaborane (17702-41-9] Skin............................. 0.05 0.3 tDemeton [8065-48-3}-- Skin.................................. 0.01 0.1 Diacetone alcohol [123-42-2]........................ 50 240 1, 2-Oiaminoethane, see Ethylenediamine $Diazinon (333-41-5]-- Skin.................................. -- 0.1 Diazometfiane [334-88-3 J.. 0.2 0.4 Diborane [19287-45-7]...... 0.1 0.1 1, 2-Oibromoetfiane. see Ethylene dibromide 2-N-Dibutylaminoethanoi [102-81-8]--Skin......... Oibutyl phosphate............... 2 1 14 5 Dibutyl phthalate [84-74-2] -- 5 -- 375 -- 100 -- _ 150 900 -- -- 0.15 (0.03) 75 -- __ (4) 2 -- -- 1,300 -- 400 -- 3 400 2,580 (10) (20) (3) 0.9 (0.3) 360 (0.3) _,, (28) 10 10 Capital letters A. B. D & E refer to Appendices; C Denotes ceiling (urn. X See Notice of Intended Changes. d) Lint-free dust as measured by the vertical elutriator cotton-dust sampler described in the Tnnssctions ol the Nations! Conlernca on Cotf0ff/?sf,p.33byu. ft. Lynch. (May 2, 1970). 15 AP00055733 Substance [CAS #| ADOPTED VALUES TWA STEL ppm"1 mu/m*4' ppm"' mg/m3"' Dichtoroacetylene (7572-2941.................... o-Dichlorobenzene (95-50-1) p-Dichioroberzene 0 0.1 C 50 co.4 C 300 _ (106-46*71....................... 75 450 110 3.3`-Oict> to robenzidine [91-94-1)--Skin.......... tDichlorodifliioromethane A2 [75-71-8]......................... 1,000 4,950 (1.250) 1, 3-Di(*loro-5, 5-dimethyl hydantoin [118-52-5}__ 1. 1-Oicfiloroethane 0.2 [75-34-31......................... 200 810 250 1. 2-Oichloroelhane. see Ethylene dichloride 1. 1-Oichloroettiylene, see Vinylidene chlonde 1,2-Oichloroethylene [540-59-0)....................... 200 790 250 Oichioroethyl etlier [111-44-41-- Skin......... 5 30 10 Dichlorofluoromethane [75-43-4)......................... 10 40 Dichloromeffiane, see Methylene chloride tl. 1-Dichloro-1 -nitroethane (594-72-9)....................... 2 10 1, 2*0ichlonppropane, see Propylene dichtoride (10) tDichloropropene [542-75-6]--Skin......... 1 5 (10) 2, 2-Dichloroprcpionic acid [75-99-01......................... 1 6 tOichtorotetrafluoroethane [76-14-2]......................... 1.000 7,000 (1.250) tDichlorvos [62-73-7] -- Skin................................. 0.1 1 (0.3) Dicrolophos [141-66-2]-- Skin................................. Dicyclopentadiere [77-73-6]......................... tOicyclopentadienyi iron [102-54-5)....................... 0.25 5 30 , __ 10 tDieldrin [60-57-1]--Skin. -- 0.25 -- Diethanolamine [111-42-2] 3 15 -- Dtethylamine (109-89-71... 10 30 25 Diethytaminoethanol (100-37-8)-- Skin......... 10 50 Diethylene triamine [111-40-0]--Skin......... 1 4-- _ 675 A2 (6,200) 0.4 1.010 1,000 60 (60) (50) (8.750) (3) (20) (0.75) 75 -- 16 Substance [CAS #1 ADOFTED VALUES TWA ppm"' mg/m3* STEL ppm-'- mg/m3*' Diefiyl ether, see Ethyl ether Diethyl Ketone [96-22-01... Diethyl phtttalale [84-66-2] 200 -- 705 5-- 10 tDifluorodbromomethane 175-61-6]......................... 100 860 (150) (1,290) Diglycidyl ether (DGE) [2238-07-5]..................... 0.1 0.5 -- -- Dihydroxybenzene, see Hydroquhone Diisobutyl ketone (108-83-81....................... 25 150 -- -- Di isopropylamine [108-18-9) -- Skin......... 5 20 -- -- Dimethoxymethane, see Methylal iDimethyl acetamide [127-19-5)-- Skin......... 10 35 (15) (50) Dimethylamine (12440-31- 10 18 -- -- Dimethylaminobenzene. see Xylidene Dimethylaniline [121-69-7] (N, N-Dimettiyianiline) -- Skii............................. 5 25 10 50 Dimethylbenzene, see Xylene Dimethyl carbamyl chloride (7944-7)......................... A2 A2 -- -- Dimethyl-1, 2-dibromo-2-dch|[>roethyt phosphate, see Naled ^Dimetfiylformamkle [68-12-2]-- Skin.......... 10 30 (20) 2, 6-Oimethyl4-heptanone, see Diisobutyl ketone (60) $1.1-Dimethylhydrazine (57-14-7J--Skin.......... 0.5. A2 ^Dimethylphthalate 1,42 (1.A2) (2.A2] (131-11-3]....................... 5 (10) Dimethyl sulfate [77-78-1 ] -- Skin............................. 0.1. A2 0.5, A2 -- -- OmilDlmkffl [148-01-6}...... -- 5-- 10 $ Dinitrobenzene [528-29-0; 99-65-0; 100-254 )(a isomers) -- Skin............ 0.15 1 (0.5) (3) tDinitro-o'-cresol [534-52-1) -- Skki............................. -- 0.2 -- (0-6! 3. 5-Dinitro-o-toIuamide. see Dinitolmide tDinitrotoluene [121-14-2J -- Skin............................. tDioxane, tech, grade -- 1.5 -- (5) 1123-91-1] --Skin......... 25 90 {100} (360) Capita) tetters A. B, D & E refer to Appendices; C denotes railing ftm'rt tSee Notice o( Intended Changes. 17 AP00055734 Substance {CAS #) ADOPTED VALDES TWA stei ppm" mg/m3'' ppm" mg/m3' Dioxathion 178-34-21-- Skin.................................. Diphenyl, see Biphenyl -- 0.2 -- -- JDiphenylamme (122-3941. -- 10 -- (20) Diphenylmettiane diisocyanate, see Methylene bisphenyl isocyanate Dipropylene g lycol methyl ether (34590-94-8)......... 100 600 150 900 Dipropyl ketone (123-19-3) 50 235 -- {Diquat (85-00-7).................. -- 0.5 -- Di-sec, octyl phthalate __ (1) (117-81-7) (Di-2-ethyi- hexylphthai'ate)................ {Disuifiram [97-77-8].......... {OisuUoton [298-04-4]......... 2, 6-Ditert. butyl-p-cresol -- -- 5 10 2-- (5) 0.1 -- (0-3) (128-37-0]........................ Oiuron (330-54-11............... Divinyl benzene (108-57-6) {Emery [112-62-91.............. _ 10 -- 10 10 _ 50 -- D-- 20 __ -- (20) {Endosulfan (115-29-7] -- Skin.................................. {Endrin (72-20-8) -- Skin... -- 0.1 (0.3) 0.1 -- (0.3) {Epichlorohydrin [106-89-8] --Skin............................. 2 {EPN [2104-64-5]--Skin.. -- 1, 2-Epoxyprcipane. see Propyleneoxide 10 0.5 (5) 120) (2) 2, 3-Epoxy-l-propanol. see Glycidol Ethans [74-84-0]................ E Etftanethiol, see Ethyl mercaptan Ethanolamine (141-43*5)... Ethion (563-12-21 -- Skin . 3 __ 86 0.4 __ 15 __ 2-Ethoxyethanol (110-80-5) -- Skin............................. `2-Ethoxyethyl acetate [111-15-9]--Skin......... 5 5 9 _ 27 Ethyl acetate [141-78-6].... 400 1.400 -- -- Ethyl acrylate (140-88-5) -- Skin............................. 5 20 25 too Ethyl alcohol (Ethanol) [64-17-51......................... Etfiylamine [76*04-7]......... 1,000 10 1.900 18 -- -- Ethyl amyl ketone [541-85-5)....................... 25 130 Ethyl benzene (100-4141.. Ethyl bromide [74-964].... Ethyl butyl ketone too 200 435 125 545 890 250 1,110 [106-354]........................ 50 230 75 345 IS Substance (CAS #| ADOPTED VALUES TWA sm ppm-" mg/m3* ppm1 mg/m3'1 tElhyl chloride {75-00-3].... 1.000 2,600 n.250) (3.250) Ethylene [74-85-11............. Ethylene chtorohydnn E (107-07-31--Slcin........ Cl C3 -- -- Ethyienediamine [107-15-3)....................... 10 25 -- -- Ethylene dibromide 1106-93-41 -- Skin......... {Ethylene dichloride A2 A2 -- -- [107-06-2]....................... 10 40 05) (60) Ethylene glycol [107-21-1J Vapor................................ C 50 C 125 -- -- {Ethylene glycol dinitrate [628-96-6] -- Skin......... 0.05 0.3 (0.1) (0.6) Ethylene glycol metfiyi ether acetate, see 2-Methoxyethyi acetate Ethylene oxide [75-21-8J... 1.A2 2,A2 -- Ethyieneimine [151-56-4] -- Skin............................. 0.5 1 Ethyl ether (60-29-7).......... 400 1,200 500 1,500 Ethyl formate [109-94-4]... 100 300 150 450 Ethylidene chloride. see 1,1 -Oichloroethane Ethyfidene nomomene [T6219-75-3]................... {Ethyl mercaptan [75-08-1). {N-Ethylmorpholine C5 0.5 C 25 1 -- (2) _ (3) [100-74-3]--Skin......... 5 23 (20) (95) {Ethyl silicate [78-104]...... 10 85 (30) (255) `Fenamiphos [22224-92-6] -- Skin............................. Fensulfothion (115-90-2]... -- -- 0.1 -- 0.1 -- __ -- Fenthion [55-38-9]--Skin -- 0.2 -- -- {Ferbam (14484-64-1)......... -- 10 -- (20) Ferrovanadium dust (12604-5B-9)................... -- 1-- 3 Fibrous glass dust............... Fluorides, as F..................... -- -- 10 -- 2.5 -- -- -- fluorine [7782414].......... 1 22 4 Fluorotiichloromeffiane, see Trichlorofluoromethane Fonofos [944-22-9]-- Skin.................................. {Formaldehyde [50-00-0].... -- (C 2) 0.1 (C3) -- -- -- -- {Formamide (75-12-7]......... Formic acid [64-18-6]....... 20 5 30 (30) 9-- (45) -- Capital lettars A, 3. D & E refer to Appendices; C denotes ceiling limit. -1534-1985 Addtion {See Notice of Intended Changes. 19 AP00055735 Substance [CAS #] ADOPTED VALUES TWA STEL ppm" ma/mj6' ppm"' mg/m3*' Furfural [98-01-1 |-- Skin 2 8 Ftirfurylalcohol [96-00-0] -- Skin............................. 10 40 Gasoline [9006-61-91......... 300 900 {Germanium tetrahydride (7782-65-21.................... 0.2 0.6 Glass, fibrous or dust, see Fibrous glass dust Qutaraldehyde [llt-30-8], C 0.2 C 0.7 Glycerin mist [56-81*5].... -- D Glycidot [556-52-5]........... 25 75 Glycol monoefiyl ether, see 2-Ethoxyelhanol Graphite [Natural) [7782-42-5], see DUSTS {Graphite {Synlbetic}............ -- (D) {Gypsum [10101414]....... -- D $ Hafnium [7440-58-6]......... Helium [7440-59-7]............ -- E 0.5 -- tHeptachlor [76-44-3)-- Skin................................. Heptane [142-82-5] 0.5 (n-Heptane).................... 400 1.600 2-Heptanone, see Methyl n-amyl ketone 3-Heptanone, see Ethyl butyl ketone Hexachlofotmtadiene [87-68-3] -- Skin.......... 0.02. A2 0.24. A2 {KexacblorocyclopenUidiene (77474)......................... 0.01 0.1 Hexachloroethane (67-72-1 ]......................... 10 100 {Hexachloronaphthalene [1335-87-11--Skin...... 0.2 {Hexafluoroacetone [684-16-2]--Skin......... Hexamethyl pihosphoramide 0.1 0.7 [680-31-91--Skin............. A2 A2 Hexane (n-Hexane) (110-54-3 ]....................... 50 180 Other isomers................. 500 1.800 2-Hexanone, see Methyl n-butyl ketone Hexone, see Methyl isobutyl ketone sec-Hexyl acetate [142-92-7]....................... 50 300 Hexylene glycol [107-41-5] C 25 C 125 Hydrazine [302-01-2] -- Skin................................. 0.1, A2 0.1, A2 Hydrogen [1333-74-0]....... E -- Hydrogenated terphenyls [92-94-4]......................... 0.5 5 10 15 500 (0-6) -- 100 -- -- -- 500 (0.03) (0.3) 1,000 -- -- _ 40 60 1,500 (1.8) -- 300 (20) 11.5) -- (2) 2.000 (0.3) _ (0.6) (2) __ 3,600 -- _ -- _ 20 Substance [CAS#] ADOPTED VALUES TWA STEL ppm"' mg/m3"' ppm*' mg/m3* {Hydrogen bromide [10035-10-6)................... Hydrogen chloride (3) (10) [7647-01-0].................... C5 C7 Hydrogen cyanide r74-90-8J --Skin.......... CIO C 10 {Hydrogen fluoride [7664-39-3]. as F.......... {Hydrogen peroxide [7722-84-1].................... Hydrogen setenide [7783-07-5], as Se......... Hydrogen sulfide 13) 1 0.05 (2.5) 1.5 0.2 (6) (2) [7783-064].................... 10 14 15 Hydroquinone (123-31-9].. -- 2-- 4-Hydrox/-4-methyl-2-pentancine, see Diacetone alcohol 2-Hydroxypropyt acrylate [999-61-1] -- Skin......... Indene [95-13-6]................ frlndium [7440-74-6] & compounds, as In.......... Iodine [7553-56-2]............. 0.5 10 __ C0.1 3-- 45 15 0.1 __ Cl -- t iodoform [7547-8]............ jlron oxide fume (FeaOj) 0.6 10 (D [1309-37-1]. as Fe......... Iron gentacarbonyl 62 5-- [1346340-6], as Fe....... Tlron salts, soluble, as Fe... 0.1 -- 0.8 0.2 1-- isoamyl acetate [123-92-2] Isoamyl alcohol [123-51-3] Isobutyl acetate [110-19-0] 100 100 150 525 125 360 125 700 187 Isobutyl alcohol [7B-83-1 ]. Isooctyl alcohol [26952-21-6]................... Isophorone [78-59-1]......... Isophorone diisocyanate -- Skin ................................. isopropoxyethanol 50 50 C5 0.01 150 270 C 25 0.09 75 -- -- -- [109-59-1]....................... Isopropyl acetate [108-21-4]....................... Isopropyl alcohol [67-63-0] 25 250 400 105 75 950 310 960 500 Isopropytamine [75-31-0].. 5 12 10 - (5) (3) 21 4 -- 70 (0.3) -- (20) (10) 1.6 (2) 655 450 875 225 _ -- -- 320 1.195 1.225 24 Capital letters A, B, D 8, E refer to Appendices; C denotes celling limit. [ t Notice of Intended Changes. 21 AP00055736 Substance [CAS #1 iN-isopropytaniline [643-28-7]--Skin......... isopropyl ether [108-20-3]. Isopropyl glycidyl ether [4016-14-2 j (IGE).......... $ Kaolin................................... Ketene [463-SI-4].............. JLead [7439-92-1], inorfl., dusts & fumes, as Pb.... iLead arsenate (10102-48-4). as Pba(AsO)2................. Lead chromate [18454-12-11. as Cr....... ^limestone [1317-65-3]...... iundane [58-89-9]--Skin. Uthium hydride [7580-67-8].................... L.P.G. (Liquified petroleum ejas)................................. t Magnesite [545-93-0]......... Magnesium oxide fume [1309-48-4].................... Maiathion (121-75-5)-- Skin................................. Maleic anhydride [108-31-6]....................... Manganese [7439-96-5], as Mn Dust 4 compounds....... Fume................................ JMaganese cydopentadienyf tricarbonyf [12079-65-1], asMn -- Skin................ Manganese tetroxide.......... tMarble/calcium carbonate [1317-65-3].................... Mercury [7439-97-6}. as Hg -- Skin Alkyl compounds............ Ail forms except alkyl Vapor........................... Aryl & inorganic compounds.................. Mesityl oxide (141-79-7]... Melhacrylic acid [79-41-4], Methane (74-82-8)............. ADOPTED VALUES TWA STEL pprtv" mg/m3*' ppm" mg/m36' 2 10 (5) 250 1,050 310 50 240 75 -- D-- 0.5 0.9 1.5 0.15 _ 0.15 _ 0 05. A2 --0 -- 0.5 _ 0.025 -- _ _ 1,000 -- 1,800 1.250 D-- 10 0.25 10 1 (20) 1,320 360 (20) 3 (0.45) (0.45) m (1-5) 2.250 (20) C5 -- 1 __ 3 0.1 (0.3) __ 1 __ _D (20) 0.01 0.03 __ 0.05 _ 0.1 15 60 25 100 20 70 -- -- E ---- -- Substance [CAS #1 ADOPTED VALUES TWA sm ppm1'1 mg/m3*' ppm"' mg/m3*' Methanethiot. see Methyl mercaptan Methomyt (16752-77-51Skin ................................. -- 2.5 Methoxychlor [72-43-5].... -- 10 ' 2*Methoxyethanol [109-86-4]--Skin.......... * 2-Methoxyethyl acetate [110-49-6] -- Skin......... 4-Melhoxyphenol 5 5 16 24 [150-76-5]....................... Methyl acetate [79-20-9]... Metnyl acetylene [74-99-71 Methyl acetylene-propadiene 200 1.000 5 610 1.650 mixture (MAPP)............. 1.000 Methyl acrylate [96-33-3] 1,800 -- Skin............................. 10 35 tMethylacrylonitrile [126-98-7]--Skin......... 1 3 Methylal [109-87-5]............ 1.000 Methyl alcohol [67-56-1] 3,100 (methanol) -- Skin......... Methylamine [74-89-51...... 200 10 260 12 Methyl amyl alcohol, see Methyl isobutyl carbinol Methyl rv-amy! ketone D10-43-0]....................... N*Me!hy1 aniline (100-61-81--Skin......... tMethyl bromide [74-83-9] 50 0.5 235 2 -- Skin............................. 5 20 Methyl n-butyl ketone [591-78-6]....................... 5 20 Methyl chloride [74-87-3].. 50 105 Methyl chloroform [71-55-6]......................... 350 1.900 Methyl 2-cyanoacrylate [137-05-3]....................... Methylcyclohexane 2 8 [108-87-2]....................... 400 1.600 Methylcydohexanol [25639-42-3]................... 50 235 o-Methylcyclohexanone [583-60-8]--Skin........ 50 230 -- 250 1.250 1.250 (2) 1,250 250 -- 100 (1) (15) _ 100 450 4 500 75 75 -- 760 2.040 2.250 (6) 3.875 310 -- 465 (S) (GO) 205 2,450 16 2,000 350 345 Capital letters A. 8, 0 & refer to Appendices. C denotes ceiling limit. See Notice erf Intended Changes. T 984-1985 Addition. 22 23 AP00055737 Substance [CAS #] ADOPTED VALUES TWA ppm"1 mg/m3*' STEL ppm"1 mg/m3*' {Methyl cyclopentadienyf manganese tricarbony), [121OB-13-3 ] -- Skin, as Mn.............................. 0.2 {Methyl demeton (8022-00-21--Skin...... 0.5 Methylene bisphenyl iso cyanate <MD1) [101-68-8]....................... {Methylene chloride [75-09-21......................... C 0.02 100 C0.2 350 4, 4'-Methylene his (2-chloroaniline) [101-14-4]-- Skin......... 0.02, A2 0.22, A2 Methylene bi${4-cyclo- hexylisocyanate) [5124-30-1].................... C 0.01 C0.11 {4. 4-Methylene diantitoe (101-77-91--Skin......... (0.1) (0.8) Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) [78-93-3]......................... 200 590 Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (1338-23-41.... CO.2 Cl.5 Methyl formate [107-31-3], 100 250 5-Methyl-3toeptanone. see Ethyl amyl ketone Methyl hydrazine [60-34-4} -- Skin............................. C 0.2, C 0.35, A2 A2 {Methyl iodide [74-88-4}-- Skin................................ 2, A2 10, A2 Methyl tsoamvl ketone (110-12-3]....................... 50 240 Methyl isobutyl cardinal [108-11*2] --Skin......... 25 100 Methyl isobutyl ketone [103-10-1 ]....................... 50 205 Methyl isocyanate [824-83-9]....................... 0.02 0.05 Methyl isopropyl ketone [563-80-4]....................... 200 705 Methyl mercaptan [74-93-1 ]......................... 0.5 1 Methyl methacrylate (30-62-6)......................... too 410 {Methyl parathion [298-00-0] -- Skin......... _ 0.2 _ (500) (0.5) 300 _ 150 (5.A2) 40 75 _ _ 125 _ CO 6) (1-5) (1,740) (4) 885 375 (30, A2) _ 165 300 _ 510 (0.6) 24 Substance (CAS #] ADOPTED VALUES TWA STIL Hmr' mgim3'" ppm1" mg/m3'" Methyl propyl ketone [107-87-91....................... {Methyl silicate [661-84-5].. o-Methyl styrene [90-83-9) * Metribuzin [21087-64-97... Mevinphos (7786-34-7}-- Skin .................................. Molybdenum [7439-98-7]. as Mo { Soluble compounds....... { Insoluble compounds.... Monocrotophos [6923-224]..................... Morpholine [110-91-0]-- Skin................................. {Naled (300-76-5]................ Naphthalene [91-20-31....... /J-Naphthylamine [91-59-8] Neon [744D-01-9].............. Nickel carbonyl, as Ni......... Nickel [7440-02-0] Metal................................ { Soluble compounds, as Ni..................................... Nickel carbonyl [13463-39-3], as Ni....... Nickel sulfide roasting, luma & dust, as Ni......... {Nicotine (54-11-5)--Skin. Nitrapytin (1929-824)....... Nitric acid [7697-37-2]...... {Nitric oxide [1010243-9].. p-Nitroaniilne (100-01-6) -- Skin............................. {Nitrobenzene -- Skin......... {p-Nitrochlorobenzene (100-00-5) --Skin......... 4-Nitrodiphenyl 192-93-3],. {Nitroethane [79-24-3]....... Nitrogen dioxide [1010244-0J................... 200 1 50 -- 0.01 -- 20 -- 10 -- E 0.05 0.05 -- -- 2 25 1 -- 100 3 700 250 6 (5) 240 too 5_ 0.1 0.03 5 10 _ 0.25 70 3 50 A_tb 0.35 1 _30 15 -- _ _ 0.1 0.35 1. Ala 0.5 10 5 30 -- -- 4 (35) 3 5 (2) (D Alb -- 310 (150) 65 375 (30) 465 0.3 (10) (20) 105 (6) 75 --__ _ (0.3) (1.5) 20 10 (45) (10) (2) (465) 10 Capital Istrers A, B. D & E refer to Appenalcej; C denotes ceiling Omit. {See Notices of Intended Changes. *1994-1985 Addition. 25 AP00055738 Substance____ [CAS #1 ADOPTED VALUES TWA STEl pptnai mg/m3'1' ppmai mg/m3*' {Nitrogen trrfluoride: [7783-54-21.................... 10 30 (15) (45) {Nitroglycerin (NG) [55-63-01--Skin.......... {Nilromethane [75-52-51.... 0.05 100 0.5 (0.1) 250 (150) (D (375) {I-Nitropropane [108-03*21. {2-Nitropropane [79-46-9].. 25 (C 25, A2) 90 [C 90. A2> (35) -- (135) -- N-Nitrosodianethylamine [62-75-9] {dimethylrrtro- soamine)--Skin............ -- A2 -- -- Nitrotoluene [99*08-1 i -- Skrn................................. 2 Nitrotrichlorpmethane, see CMoropicrin 11 -- -- Nonane [111-84*2]............. 200 1,050 250 1,300 Octachloronapblhaiene [2234-13-1]-- Skin...... -- 0,1 -- 0.3 Octane (111-85-9).............. 300 1.450 375 1,800 Oii mist, mineral [B012-95-1).................... -- 5'1 -- 10 Osmium tetroxide [20816-12-0], as Os...... 0.0002 Oxalic acid [144-62-7]....... -- 0.002 0.0006 1-- 0.006 2 {Oxygen difluoride [7783-41-7].................... [0.05) Ozone [10028-15-6}.......... 0.1 [0.1] (0.15) 0.2 0.3 (0.3) 0.6 Paraffin wax fume f8002-74-2J................. -- 2-- 6 Paraquat [1910-42-5], respirable sizes............... -- 0.1 -- -- {Parathion [56-38*2}-- Skin................................. -- 0.1 -- (0.3) Particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PPAH), see Coal tar pitch volatiles Pentabomne (19624-22-7). 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.03 {Pentactiloronaphthulene [1321-64-8].................... -- 0.5 -- (2) {Pentachlorophenol [87-86-5] -- Skin.......... -- 0.5 -- (1.5) {Pentaerythritol [115-77-5]. -- D-- (20) Pentane (109-66-0)............ 600 1.800 750 2.250 2-Pentanone, see Methyl propyl ketone Perchloroethylene [127-18-4]....................... 50 335 200 1.340 Perchloromethyl mercaptan [594-42-3)....................... 0.1 0.8 -- -- Subs&nce[CAS #} ADOPTED VALUES TWA STEL ppmal mg/m3*' ppm"1 mg/m3'" Perchloryi fluoride [7616-94-6].................... 3 14 6 Phenol (108-95-2) --Skin. {Phenofftiazine (92-84-2]-- S _ 19 10 5 N-Phenyl-beta-naphlhylamine [135-88-6)............ p-Phenylene diamine (106-50-31--Skin......... Fhienyl ether [101-84-8). A2 __ A2 __ 0.1 ___ vapor................................ 1 Phenyiethylene, see Styrene, monomer Phenyl glyeidyl elher (PGE) [122-80-1)....................... 1 72 6 __ {Phenylhydrazine [100-63-0]-- Skin......... Phenyi mercaptan (108-98*5]....................... (5) 0.5 (20) (10) 2_ > Phenylphosphine [638-21-1]....................... C 0.05 C 0.25 __ Phorate [298-02-2] --Skin __ 0.05 _ _Phosdrin, see Mevinphos 1 Phosgene [75-44-5?........... 0.1 0.4 Phosphine [7803-51-2]...... 0.3 0.4 1 11 Phosphoric acid [7664-30-2].................... -- 1-- {Phosphorus [7723-14-0] (yellow)............................ Phosphorus oxychloride -- 0.1 __ (10026-13-8]................... 0.1 0.6 0.5 Phosphorus pentachioride . (10026-13-81................. 0.1 1-- 1 Phosphorus pentasulfide [1314-80-3].................... -- l Phosphorus trichloride 1-- [7719-12-2].................... 0.2 T.5 0.5 ! Phthalic anhydride [85-44-9]......................... 1 64 i m-Phthalodinitrile 1 [626-17-5]....................... -- 5 __ f Picloram [1916-02-1]......... __ TO __ Capital letters A, 8, D i E refer to Appendices; C denotes ceirmg limit. iSee Notice ot Intended Changes. '1984-1985 Addition. ! e| As sampled by method that does not collect vapor. 28 38 m __ _ 14 __ (45) __ 0.2 _ 1 3 (0.3) 3 -- 3 3 24 __ 20 26 27 AP00055739 Substance (CAS #} ADOPTED VALUES TWA STEL ppm"' mg/m3 ' ppm"' mg/m3 Picric acid (88-89-1 -- Skin.................................. -- 0.1 Pindone [33-26-1}............... -- 0.1 Piperazine dihydrochloride [142-64-3J....................... -- 5 2-Pivalyl-l, 3-indandione, see Pindone {Plaster of Paris................... -- D Platinum [7440-06-4; Metal................................ Soluble satts, as Pt......... --1 -- 0.002 Polychlorobiphenyls, see Chlorodiphenyis Polytetrafluoroetbyiene decomposition products. -- B1 Portland cement.................. -- D Potassium hydroxide [1310-58-3].................... -- C 2 Propane [74-98-6]............ E-- Propane sultone (1120-714]................... A2 A2 Propargyl alcohol (107-19-7]--Skin 12 0-Propiolactone [57-57-8]. 0.5, A2 1 .5, A2 Propionic acid [79-094 J... 10 30 Propoxur (114-26-11.......... -- 0.5 n-Propyl acetate [109-60-4]....................... 200 840 Propyl alcohol (71-23-8] -- Skin............................. 200 500 n-Propyl nitrate (627-13-4) 25 105 Propylene [115-07-1]......... E -- Propylene dicftloride [78-87-5]......................... 75 350 {Propylene glycol dinitrate [6423434] --Skin...... 0.05 0,3 Propylene glycol mono- methyl ether [107-98-2]. 100 360 Propyleneimine [75-55-6] -- Skin............................. Propylene oxide (75*56*9j. 2. A2 20 5.A2 50 Propyne, see Methyl acetylene Pyrethrum (8003-34-7)...... -- 5 Pyridine [110-86-1]........... 5 15 Quinone [106*514 ]........... 01 0.4 RDX, seeCydonite Resorcinol [10846-3]....... 10 45 Rhodium [7440-16-6] Metal................................ -- 1 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 3 1,A2 15 -- 250 250 40 -- 110 (0.1) 150 -- -- -- 10 0.3 20 -- 0.3 0.3 -- (20) -- -- -- __ -- -- -- 6 3.A2 45 2 1,050 625 170 -- 510 ' (0.6) 540 ' __ i -1 10 ( 30 f 1| 90 --1 28 , Substance [CAS #) A0DPTED VALUES TWA ppm" mg/m3'- STEL ppm" ntfl/mj" Insoluble compounds, as Rh................................ __ 1 __ * Soluble compounds. as Rh................................ Ronnel [299-84-3]............. -- 0.01 -- __ 10 __ Rosin core solder pyrolysis products, as formaldehyde................. -- 0.1 -- Rotanone (commercial) [33-794)......................... {Rouge................................... -- -- 5 0 Rubber solvent (Naphtha).. 400 1.600 _ __ -- Selenium compounds [778249-2], as Se......... -- 0.2 -- Selenium hexafluoride [7783-79-1 ],asSe......... tSesone (136-78-71............. 0.05 -- 0.2 -- 10 -- Silane, see Silicon tetrahydride {Silicon [7440-21-3]............ -- D-- {Silicon carbide (409-21-2). -- D-- Silicon tetrahydride (Silane) [7803-62-5].................... 5 7 __ Silver [7440-224J, asAg Metal................................ Soluble compounds....... Sodium azide (25628-22*6] -- -- C 0.1 0.1 0.01 C 0.3 -- __ __ Sodium bisulfite [7631*90-5].................... -- 5 __ Sodium 2. 4-dichloro-phenoxyelhyl sulfate, see Sesone Sodium fluoroacetate [62-74-8] -- Skin.......... -- 0.05 -- Sodium hydroxide [1310-73-2]......... ........... __ C2 __ Sodium metabisulfite [7681-574].................... {Starch [9005-25*8]............. -- -- 5-- D __ {Stibine [7B03-52-3]............ 0.1 0.5 (0.3) Stoddard solvent [805241-3].................... 100 525 200 {Strychnine [57-24-9 J.......... -- 0.15 __ Styrene, monomer [10042-5]............................. 50 215 100 _ __ __ 0.3 10 (20) __ -- (20) (20) (20) __ -- __ __ 0.15 __ (20) (1.5) 1,050 (0-45) 425 Capital letters A. 8, D & 6 refer to Appendices; C denotes ceiling limit 1984-1985 Addition {See Notice of Intended Changes. 29 AP00055740 Substance [GAS #] ADOPTED VALUES TWA STEL ppm-" mq(m*g' ppm"' rog/rn**' Subtilisins (1395-21-71 (Proteolytic enzymes as 100% pure crystalline enzyme)............................ Sucrose (57-50-11.............. co ococe-" --0 -- JStilfotep [3689-24-51 -- Skin....... .......................... ^Sulfur dioxide [7446-09-5]. jSulfur hexafluoride 0.2 2 5 (5] [2551-62-4].................... Sulfuric acid [7664-93-9].. tSulfurmonochloride [10025-67-9]................... *Sulfur pentafluoride [5714-22-7].................... 1,000 -- (1) (0.025) 6,000 (1.250) 1-- (6) (3) (0-25) (0.075) iSulfur tetrafluoride [7783-60-0].................... Sulfuryl fluoride (2699-79-81..................... Sulprofos (35400-43-2).... Systox. see Demeton *2, 4, 5-T [93-76-5]............ ^Tantalum [7440-25-7]....... TEDP.see Sulfotep Tellurium & compounds [13494-80-9], asTe...... Tellurium hexafluoride (0-1) 5 -- _ -- (0.4) 20 1 10 5 (0.3) 10 -- . -- 0.1 [7783-80-4], asTe......... tTemephOS (3383-964i)...... 0.02 -- 0.2 10 *TEPP [107-49-3]-- Skin... 0,004 0.05 Terphenyls [92-94^1]......... C 0.5 C5 *1. 1. 1. 2-Tetrachloro-2, 2- difluoroethane [76-11-9] 500 4,170 *1,1,2. 2-Tetracftloro-1, 2* dlfluoroethane [76-12-0] 500 4,170 *1,1,2. 2-Tetracftloro- elhane [79-34-5]-- Skin 1 7 Tetrachloroethylene, see Perchloroethylene Tebachtaromethute, see Carbon tetrachtwvde *Tetrachloronaphthalerie [1335-88-2].................... - 2 *Tstraethyl lead [78-0C-2], as Pb -- Skirt.................. 0.1" Tetrahydrofuran (109-99-91 200 590 -- (0.01) -- (625) (625) (5) 250 *Tetramethyf lead (75-74-1J, as Pb -- Skin................. _ 0.15" _ 20 (0.6) (10) (7,500) -- (18) (0-75) (D 40 -- (20) (10) (20) (0.2) -- (5,210) (5,210) (35) (4) (0.3) 735 (0.5) 30 SubstancetCAS #1 ADOPTED VALUES TWA STEL ppm*1 mgfm3*1 ppm" mgim3 *' *Tetramethyl sucrinanitriie [3333-52-61--Sktn...... 0.5 Tetranitra methane [509-14-5)....................... 1 Tetrasodium pyrophosphate 17722-98-5].................... -- $Tetryl [479-45-6] (2, 4, 6-trinitrophenylmetnyinitramine}-- Skin Thallium [7440-20-0] Soluble compounds, as -- T1 -- Skin......................... -- $4, 4'-Thiobis(6-tert. butyl- m-cresol) [96-69-5]....... Thioglycolicacid [68-11-1) *Thiram [137-26-8]............. -- 11 -- Tin [7440-31-5] * Metal................................ * Oxide & inorganic ---- compounds, except SnH*. as Sn.................... * Organic compounds, as -- Sn --Skin....................... tTitanium dioxide [13463-67-7], as Ti....... o-Ta6 dine (119-93-7]-- -- -- Skin................................. Toluene (106-88-3) (toluol) Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate A2 11000 (TDI) (584-84-9i............. `o-Toluidme 05-53-4]-- Skin.................................. 0.005 2,A2 Toxaphene, see Chlorinated camphene *Tributyl phosphate [126-73-8]....................... 0.2 Trichloroacetic acid [76-03-9]......................... 1,2, 4-Trichlorobenzene 1 [120-82-1)....................... C5 33 (2(2)) 88 -- 55 -- 1.,5 ---- 00.1.1 -- 1100 ---- 55 -- 55 --- 22 --- 22 --- 00.1.1 --- DD ---- AA22 337755 -- 115500 0.04 0.02 9, A2 " 2.5 (0.4) 5-- C40 -- Capital letters A, S, D 4 refer to Appendices: C denotes ceiling limit. t See Notice of Intended Changes. ' 1984-1985 Addition. 0 Based on "high volume" sampling, g) For control of general room air, biologic monitoring is essential lor personnel control. (9) -- -- ([33.o0)) -- [[20)) -- ';1io0) (4) (4) ((0Q..22)) ((20)) -- 560 0.15 (5) -- - AP00055741 Substance[CAS if\ 4.00PTE0 VALUES TWA STEL ppm"1 rng/m1'" ppm'71 mg/m** 1,1 1-TrichJoroethane. see Ms&jyl chloroform 1, 1, 2-Trichloroethane [79-00-51 Skin.......... 'Trichloroethylene [79-01-6] Tnchloro:luoromeithane to 50 45 (20) 270 200 (75-09-4)......................... C 1,000 C 5,600 -- Trichloromethane, see Chloroform ITrichloro naphthalene (1321-65-9).................... -- 5-- Tnchloronitromethane, see Chloropicrin 1, 2, 3-Trichloropropane [96-18-4)......................... 50 300 75 1, 1,2-Trichloro-1, 2, 2- triftuofoetfvane (76-13-1) 1,000 7,600 1,250 Tricyclohexyltin hydroxide, see Cyhexatin Trielhylamine (121-44-8J... 10 40 15 TTrihuorobromomettiane [75-63-3]......................... 1,000 6,100 (1,200) Trimellitic anhydride [552-30-7]....................... Trimsfriylamhe [7'5-50-3].. 0.005 10 0.04 24 -- 15 Trimelhyl benzene [25551-13-7)................... 25 125 35 $Trimethyl phosphite [121-45-91..................... 2 10 2, 4. 6-Trinitropbenol, see Picric acid 2, 4, 6-mnitrophenyl-methylnitramme, see Tetryl (5) $2,4, 6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) [118-96-7] -- Skin.................................. -- 0.5 -- tTriorthoccesyl phosphate (78-30-8)......................... Triphenyl amine [(503-34-9) TTriphsnyi phosphate -- -- 0.1 -- 5-- (115-86-6)--Skin......... -- 3-- Tungsten [7440-33-71 as w Insoluble compounds.... __ 5_ Soluble compounds....... 1 Turpentine [B006-64-2]...... 100 560 150 Uranium (natural) [7440-61-1], Soluble & in- soluble compounds, as U valeraldehyde [110-62-3].. _ 50 0.2 __ 175 -- 190) 1,080 -- (10) 450 9,500 60 (7,300) -- 36 170 (25) (3) (0.3| -- (6) 10 3 840 , 0.6 -- 32 Substance[CAS #] ADOPTED VALUES TWA STCL ppm'11 mg/m1*' ppm"- mg/m3' Vanadium, as V?Os (1314-62-11, respirable dust 4 fume.................... Vegetable oil mists............. _ __ Vinyl acetate [108-05-4].... 10 Vinyl benzene, see Styrene Vinyl bromide [S93-60-2].. 5, A2 Vinyl chloride [75-01-4).... 5. Ala Vinyi cyanide, see Acrylonrtrili8 Vinyl cyclohexene dioxide [106-87-6)........................ 10. A2 `Vinylidene chloride [75-35-4J......................... 5 Vmyl toluene [25013-154] 50 VM 4 P Naphtha [8030-30-6].................... Warfarin [81-81-2]............. Welding fumes (NOC+)...... 300 __ __ Wood dust (certain hard woods as beech & oak).. Softwood....................... __ Xylene [1330-20-7] (0-, m-, p-isomers)............... 100 m-Xyfene a, a'-diamine [1477-55*0]-Skin......... __ Xylidine (1300-73-6 J -- Skin.................................. Yttrium [7448-65-5].......... 2 __ Zinc chloride fume [7646-85-7].................... __ Zinc chromate [13530-65-9], as Cr....... __ , Zinc oxide [1314-13-2] Fume................................ Oust.................................. fZinc stearate [557-05-U... __ _ __ Zirconium compounds [7440-67-2], as Zr......... 0.05 0 30 20. A2 10, Ala 60. A2 20 240 1,350 0.1 S, 62 1 5 435 C0.1 10 1 1 0.05. A2 5 D 0 5 _ __ 20 __ __ __ 20 100 400 __ __ ---- 150 __ _ _. -- __ __ __ __ 60 __ __, 80 485 1.800 0.3 __ 10 665 _ _ 3 2 __ 10 (20) 10 Capital letters A, B, D 4 E refer to Appendices: C denotes ceiling limit. (See Notice of Intended Changes. ' 1984-1985 Mdiliniv t NOC - Not otherwise classified. Radioactivity: See Physical Agents section on lonizing Radiation. 33 AP00055742 DUSTS Substance SILICA. SiO 2 TLV Crystalline {Quartz [14808-60-7] TLV in mppcfA>: 300' % quartz + 1G TLV for respirable dust mg/m3: 10 mg/rn3J1 in % Respirable quartz + 2 TLV for `'total dust," respirable and nonrespirable: 30 mg/m3 % quartz + 3_ JCristobalite...............Use one-half the value calculated (14464-46-t j from the count or mass formulae for quartz. {Tridymite.................. Use one-half the value calculated [15468-32-3] from formulae for quartz. {Tripoli........................ Use respirable*' mass quartz for- [1317-95-9] mula *Amorphous [7631-86-9]................................(20 mppcf'") {Silica, fused [60676-86-0]...........Use quartz formulae. SILICATES and OTHER DUSTS /%guartz) Asbestosn Amosite.......................... 0.5 fiber/cc > 5 pm in [12172-73-5] length, Ala Chrysotile....................... 2 fibers/cc > 5 in [12001-29-5] length. Ala Crocidolite...................... 0.2 fiber/cc > 5 pm in [12001-28-4] length, Ala Other forms.................. 2 fibers/cc > 5 in length, Ala {Graphite (natural) [7782-42-5].................. 15mppcf Mica [12001-26-21.......... 20 mppcf Mineral wool fiber............ lOmg/m3 {Perlite.................................. 30 mppcf {Portland Cement............... 30 mppcf {Soapstone.......................... 20 mppcf Talc (containing no asbestos fibers) [14007-96-6]................. 2 mg/m3, Respirable dust 34 {Talc (fibrous), (use Asbestos limit.) Nuisance particles (see Appendix D) {(30 mppcf) or 10 mg/m3"" Of total dust < 1 % quartz, or, {(5 mg/m3 respirable dust.) Conversion factors: mppcf x 35,3 = Million particles per cubic meter = particles per cc COAL DUST 2 mg/m3 (respirable dust fraction <: 5% quartz). {(If >5% quartz, use respirable mass formula.) h) Millions of particles per cubic foot of air, based on impinger samples counted by light-field technics. i) The percentage of quartz in the formula is the amount determined from airborne samples, except in those instances in which other methods have been shown to be applicable. j) Both concentration and percent quartz for the appli cation of this limit are to be determined from the iraction passing a size-selector with the following characteristics: Aerodynamic Diameter (^m) % passing (unit density sphere) selector <2 2.5 90 75 3.5 50 5.0 25 10 0 k) "Respirable'' dust as defined by the Sritish Medical Research Council Criteria,'" and as sampled by a device producing equivalent results.'11 (1) Hatch, T. E. and Gross: Pulmonary Deposition and Retention of Inhaled Aerosols, p. 149. Ac ademic Press, New York, (1964), (2) AIHA Aerosol Technology Committee: Interim Guide for Respirable Mass Sampling. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 3/^:133(1970). l) As determined by the membrane filter method at 400-450X magnification (4 mm objective) phase contrast illumination. tm) containing < 1 % quartz; (if quartz content > 1 %, use formulae for quartz.) t$ee Notice of intended Changes. 35 AP00055743 I NOTICE OF INTENDED CHANGES {for 1984-85) These substances, with their corresponding val ues, comprise those for which either a fimit has been proposed for the first time, or for which a change in the "Adopted'1 listing has been proposed. In both cases, the proposed limits should be considered trial limits that will remain in the listing for a period of at least two years. If. after two years no evidence comes to light that questions the appropriateness of the val ues herein, the values will be reconsidered for the 'Adopted" list. Documentation is available tor each of these substances. Substance [CAS #1 tAm.trole (61-82-5)............. tAmmonium persulfate [7727-54-1 |, 3S 5,0,.... -[Boron tribromide [10294-33-4]................... tl, 3-Butadiene [106-99-0]. TCarbon dioxide [124-38-9). Cobalt metal, dust & fume [7440-484], as Co......... Entlurane [13638-16-9)...... Ethyleneglycol dinitrate [628-96-6] --Skin......... Formaldehyde (50-00-0}.... Grain dust........................... Halotnane [151-67-71......... fHydrogen bromide [10035-10-6]................... fHydrogen fluoride [7664-39-3], as F.......... Lead arsenate [101024841, as PbilAsO,),...................... T4.4-Methylene dianitine [101-77-9]....................... p-Nitrochlorobenzene {too-00-51--Skin......... Nitroglycerin [55-63-01 -- Skin................................. 2-Nitropropane [79-46-9).. tOxygen difluoride [7783-41-7).................... t Persulfates, alkali metal, as SjOji....................... TWA ppm'" mg/mji" 0,2 --5 Cl 10, A2 5,000 CIO 22, A2 9,000 -- 0.05 75 575 0.05 1.A_2 50 0.3 1.5, A2 4 400 C3 CIO C3 C2.5 -- 0.15 0.1, A2 0.8. A2 0.5 3 0.05 10. A2 0.5 35, A2 C 0.05 -- C0.1 5 STEL ppm"' mg/m38' __ ---- -- -- 30.000 -- -- 54,000 -- 0.1 ---- -- 2, A2 -- -- -- 3, A2 -- -- ---- ---- ---- -- ---- 20. A2 -- -- 70, A2 36 Substance TWA STEL [CAS #) ppm" mg/iTj3*' ppm0- mg/m3*' Phyenylhydrazifte [100-63-01--Skin......... fPotassrum persulfate [7727-21-1 ], asS30s.... Propylene glycol dinitrate [6423434 ] -- Skin...... tSodium persulfate [7775-27-1], as tSuifur monochloride [10025-67-91................... TSuifur pentafluoride [5714-22-7].................... tSuifur tetrafluoride [7783-60-0].................... tthionyl chloride [7719-09-7}.................... tm-To)uidine [10844-1] -- Skin.............................. tp-Toluidine [10649-0] -- Skin................................. 5.A2 0.05 Cl C0.01 C0.1 C1 2 2, A2 20, A2 10, A2 5 0.3 5 C6 C0.1 C 0.4 C5 9 9. A2 45. A2 Capital letters A. 6. 0 & E refer to Appendices; C denotes coifing limit. ti984-l98S Revision or Addition. STEL VALUES DELETED FROM THE FOLLOWING: Acetylene tetrabromide Aldrin a-Afumina Aluminum metal & oxide 2-Aminopyridine Ammonium sulfamate Aniline & homologues ANTU Azrnphos-methyl Benomyl Bismuth teituride & Se-doped Boron oxide Bromadt Bromine pentafluoride Cadmium dusts & salts Calcium cartionate/martile Calcium cyanamide Captan Carijatyl Carbon black Carbon tetrachloride Cellulose (p^erfber) Chloroform Copper dusts & mists Cotton dust, raw Cyhexabn 2,4-D DDT Demeton Oiazinon 2-N-0ibutyrfam inoethanoI Oichlorodifluoromethane 1,1-Didiloro-l -nrtroethane Dichloropropene Dichlorotetrafluorethane Dichlorvos Dicyclopentadienyl iron Diedrin Difluorodibromometiane Dimeihyl acetamide Oimethylformamide 1.1 -Dimethylhydrazine 37 AP00055744 OimetfiylDhtiialaTe Dimtrobenzene Omitro-o-cresoi Dinitrototuene Dioxans. tech, grade Diohenyiamine Diquat Disulfiram Oisulfoton Emery Endosulfan Endrin Epichlorohyflnn EPN Ethyl chloride Ethylene di chloride Ethyl mercaptan N-Ethylmorpholine Ethyl silicate Ferbam Formamide Germanium tetr^iydride Gypsum Hafnium Heptachlor Hexachlorocyclopentadiene Hexachloronaphthalene Hexatiuoroacetona Hydrogen peroxide Indium & compounds Iodoform Iron oxide fume Iron salts, soluble N-lsopropylanitini* Kaolin Lead, inorganic dusts & fumes limestone Lindane Magnesite Manganese cyclopentadienyl tricarbonyl Marbie/calcium carbonate Methylaciylorntrits N-Methyl aniline Methyl bromide Meihykydopentadienyi manganese fricarbonyf Methyl demeton Meihylene chloride Methyl iodide Methyl parathion Methyl silicate Molybdenum, soluble & insoluble compounds Haled Nickel soluble compounds Nicotine Nitric oxide Nitrobenzene Nitroethane Nitrogen trifluoride Nitromethane 1-Nitropropane Parathion Pentachioronapthalene Pentachloropbenoi Pentaerythritol Phenothiazine Phosphorus (yellow) Plaster of Paris Rouge Sesone Silicon Silicon carbide Starch Stibine Strychnine Sulfotep Sulfur dioxide Sulfur hexafluoride 2,4,5-T Tantalum Temephos TEPP 1.1.1.2-Tetrachtoro-2.2-difluoro ethane 1.1.2.2-Tetrachlon>*1,2,dtfkjoro ethane 1.1.2.2-Tetrachloroethare Tetrachtoronaphthalene Tetraethyl lead Tetramethyl lead Tetramethyl succinonitrile Tetryl 4,4'-Thiobis(6-!ert. butyl-m-cresot) Thiram Tm, metal, oxide, & insoluble compounds Tin, organic compounds Titanium dioxide Tributyl phosphate 1 ,t ,2-Trichtofoethane Triditoronaphthalene 38 Trifluorcbromomethane Tnmelhyi phosphite 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT| Tnormocresyi phosphate Trtphenyl phosphate Zinc stearate NOTICE OF INTENDED CHANGES OUSTS Substance SILICA, SiOz TLV Crystafline fQuartz........................ 0.1 mg/m3, Respirable dust [14808-60-7) tCristobafite.............. 0.05 mg/m3. Respirable dust [14464-46-1) fTridymite..................0.05 mg/m3, Respirable dust [15468-32-3] Silica, fused............. Use quartz value. [60676-86-0] Tripoli......................... 0.1 mg/m3 of contained quartz, [1317-95-91 Amorphous respirable dust tOiatomaceous earth {uncalcined)..........10 mg/m3, Total dust [60676-86-0] Precipitated silica 5 mg/m3. Respirable dust and silica gel........ 10 mg/m3, Total dust SILICATES and OTHER DUSTS (< 1 % quartz) fBarium sulfate........10 mg/m3, Total dust [7727-43-7] Graphite (natural)...2.5 mg/m3. Respirable dust [7782-42-5] 5 mg/m3. Total dust tGraphite (synthetic) 10 mg/m3, Total dust tMica [12001-26-2).3 mg/m3, Respirable dust tPerlite.......................... 10 mg/m3, Total dust fPortland Cement....10 mg/m3, Total dust Soapstone................3 mg/m3, Respirable dust 6 mg/m3, Total dust Talc (containing Use asbestos TLV. However, asbestos fibers)..should not exceed 2 mg/m3 respirable dust. f1994-t985 Revision or Addition. AP00055745 f Nuisance particulates (see Appendix 0) 10 mg/m3"'ol tot3t dust <1%quartz COAL DUST If > 5% Quartz, use respirable quartz value. Generic Listing All mppcf values for mineral dusts will be eliminated in favor of equivalent respirable mass or total mass val ues, i.e., Appendix F. Footnote: m) Containing < 1% quartz; if quartz content > 1%. use quartz value. APPENDIX A Carcinogens The Committee lists below those substances in in dustrial use that have proven carcinogenic in man, or have induced cancer in animals under appropriate ex perimental conditions. Present listing of those sub stances carcinogenic for man takes two forms: Those for which a TLV has been assigned (la) and those for which environmental conditions have not been suffi ciently defined to assign a TLV (1 b). Ala. Human Carcinogens, Substances, or substances associated with industrial processes, recog nized to have carcinogenic or cocarcinogenic potential, with an assigned TLV: Asbestos Amosite............................ Chrysotile........................ Crocidolite....................... Other forms.................... bis (Chloromethyl) ether Chromite ore processing (chromate)..................... Chromium (VI), certain water insoluble compounds..................... Coal tar pitch volatiles .... TLV 0,5 fiber > 5^m/cc 2 fibers > 5Mm/cc 0.2 fiber > 5/zm/cc 2 fibers > 5/im/cc 0.001 ppm 0.05 mg/m3, as Cr 0.05 mg/m3, as Cr 0.2 mg/m3, as benzene solubles M3M-1985 Revision or Addition. 40 Nickel sulfide roasting. fume & dust................... Vinyl chloride..................... 1.0 mg/m3, as Ni 5 ppm Alb. Human Carcinogens. Substances, or sub stances associated with industrial processes, recognized to have carcinogenic potential with out an assigned TLV: 4-Aminodiphenyl (p-Xenylamine) -- Skin Benzidine --Skin jO-Naphthylamine 4-Nitrodipltenyl For the substances in 1b. no exposure or con tact by any route -- respiratory, skin or oral, as detected by the most sensitive methods -- shall be permitted. The worker should be property equipped to insure virtually no contact with the carcinogen. A2. industrial Substances Suspect of Carcinogenic Potential for MAN Chemical substances or sub stances associated with industrial processes, which are suspect of inducing cancer, based on either (1) limited epidemiologic evidence, exclu sive of clinical reports of single cases, or (2) demonstration of carcinogenesis in one or more animal species by appropriate methods. t Acrylonitrile -- Skin -`Amitrole Antimony trioxide production* Arsenic trioxide production Benzene Benzo(a)pyrene Beryllium tl, 3-Butadiene Carbon tetrachloride -- Skin Chloroform Chloromethyl methyl ether Chromates of lead and 2inc, as Cr Chrysene 3, 3-Dichlorobenzidine-- Skin Dimethylcarbamyl chloride 1,1-Dimetftyl hydrazine -- Skin 2 ppm -- -- -- 10 ppm -- 2.0 M9/m3 10 ppm 5 ppm 10 ppm -- 0.05 mg/m -- -- 0.5 ppm * * See Notice ot Intended Changes. f19W-1985 Addition. 1984-1985 Adoption. ' Cijarttle smoking tan enhance the incidence of respiratory cancers from this cr others of these substances or processes. 41 AP00055746 Dimethyl sulfate -- Skin Ethylene dioromide -- Skin tEthylene oxide formaldehyde Hexachlorobutadiene Hexamethyl phosphoramide -- Skin Hydrazine -- Skin 4, 4 '-Methylene bis (2-cfiloroaniline) -- Skin t4,4-Methylene dianiline Methyl hydrazine -- Skin Methyl iodide -- Skin 2-Nitropropane N-Nitrosodimethylamine -- Skin N-Pheny l-beta-raphthyfamtns Phenylhydrazine -- Skin Propane sultone beta-Propiolactone Propyleneimine -- Skin o-Tolidine to-Toluidine -- Skin tp-Toluidjre -- Skin Vinyl bromide Vinyl cyclohexene dioxide --0.1 ppm 1 ppm 1 ppm 0 02 ppm ___ 0.1 ppm 0.02 ppm 0.1 ppm C 0.2 ppm 2 pom --10 ppm -- 5 ppm -- 0.5 ppm 2 ppm -- 2 ppm 2 ppm 5 ppm 10 ppm For the above, worker exposure by all routes should be carefully controlled to levels consis tent with the animal and human experience data {see Documentation), including those sub stances with a listed TLV. *** THE COMMITTEE GUIDELINES FOR CLASSIFICATION OF EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL CARCINOGENS The following guidelines are offered in the present state of knowledge as an aid in classifying substances in the occupational environment found to be carcin ogenic in experimental animals. A need was felt by the Threshold Limits Committee for such a classifica tion in order to take the first step in developing an appropriate TLV for occupational exposure. Determination of Approximate Threshold of Response Requirement. In order to determine in which category +1984 Addition. 11984 Adaption. 42 to classify an experimental carcinogen lor me pur pose of assigning an industrial air limit {TLV). an ap proximate threshold of neoplastic response must be determined. Because of practical experimental diffi culties, a precisely defined threshold cannot be at tained. For the purposes of standard-setting, this is of little moment, as an appropriate risk, or safety, factor can be applied to the approximate threshold, the magnitude of which is dependent on the degree of potency of the carcinogenic response. To obtain the best 'practical' threshold of neoplastic response, dosage decrements should be less than logarithmic. This becomes particularly important at levels greater than 10 ppm {or corresponding mg/m3). Accordingly, after a range-finding determination has been made by logarithmic decreases, two additional dosage levels are required within the levels of "ef fect" and "no effect" to approximate the true thresh old of neoplastic response. The second step should attempt to establish a me tabolic relationship between animal and man for the particular substance found carcinogenic in animals. If the metabolic pathways are found comparable, the substance should be classed highly suspect as a car cinogen for man. If no such relation is found, the sub stance should remain listed as an experimental an imal carcino gen until evidence to the contrary is tound. Proposed Classification of Experimental Animal Car cinogens. Substances occurring in the occupational environment found carcinogenic for animals may be grouped into three classes, those of high, intermedi ate and low potency. In evaluating the incidence of animal cancers, significant incidence of cancer is de fined as a neoplastic response which represents, in the judgment of the Committee, a significant excess of cancers above that occurring in negative controls. EXCEPTIONS: No substance is to be considered an occupational carcinogen of any practical significance which reacts by the respiratory route at or above 1000 mg/m3 for the mouse, 2000 mg/m3 for the rat; by the dermal route, at or above 1500 mg/kg for the mouse, 3000 mg/kg for the rat; by the gastrointestinal route at or above 500 mg/kg/d for a lifetime, equivalent to about 100 g T.D. for the rat. 10 g T.D. for the mouse. These dosage limitations exclude such substances as dioxane and trichlorethylene from consideration as carcinogens. Examples; Dioxane -- rats, hepatocellular and nasal tumors from 1015 mg/kg/d, oral 43 AP00055747 Trichloroethylene -- female mice, tumors (30/90 @ 900 mg/kg/d), oral A. Industrial Substances of High Carcinogenic Potency in Experimental Animals. 1, A substance to qualify as a carcinogen of high potency must fulfill one of the three following conditions in two animal species: fa. Respiratory. Elicit cancer from (1) dosages below 1 mg/m3 (or equivalent ppm( via the respiratory tract in 6-to 7-hour daily repeat ed inhalation exposures throughout life time; or (2) from a single intratracheally ad ministered dose not exceeding 1 mg of particulate, or liquid, per 100 ml or less of animal minute respiratory volume: Examples: bis-Chloromethyl ether, malignant tumors, rats, @ 0.47 mg/m3 (0.1 ppm) in 2 years; Hexametbyl phosphoramide. nasal squamous cell carcinoma, rats, @ 0.05 ppm, in 13 months OR lb. Dermal. Elicit cancer within 20 weeks by skin-painting, twice weekly at 2 mg/kg body weight or less per application for a total dose equal to or less than 1.5 mg, in a biologically Inert vehicle; Examples: 7, 12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene -- skin tumors @ 0.12-0.8 mg T.O. in four weeks Benzo(a)pyrene, mice 12 ^.g, 3X/wk for 18 mos. T.D. 2.6 mg, 90.9% skin tumors OR lc. Gastrointestinal. Elicit cancer by daily in take via the gastrointestinal tract, within six months, with a six-month holding period, at a dosage below 1 mg/kg body weight per day; total dose, rat, S 50 mg; mouse. 3.5 mg; Examples: 7, 12-Dimethylpenz(a)anthracene -- mammary tumors from 10 mg IX 44 3-Methylcholanthrene -- Tumors @ 3 sites from 8 mg in 89 weeks Benzo(a)pyrene. mice, 3.9% leu kemias. from 30 mg T.D. 198 days 2. Elicit cancer by all three routes in at least two animal species at dose levels prescribed for high or intermediate potency. 8. Industrial Substances of Intermediate Carcinogenic Polency in Experimental Animals. To qualify as a carcinogen of intermediate po tency, a substance should elicit cancer in two an imal species at dosages intermediate between those described in A and C by two routes of ad ministration. Example; Carbamic acid ethyl ester Dermal, mammary tumors, mice, 100%, 53 weeks, 500-1400 mg T.D. Gastrointes tinal, various type tumors, mice 42 weeks, 320 mg T.D. Gastrointestinal, various type tumors, rats, 60 weeks. 110-930 mg T.D. C. industrial Substances of Low Carcinogenic Potency in Experimental Animals. To quafify as a carcinogen of low potency, a sub stance should elicit cancer in one animal species by any one of three routes of administration at the following prescribed dosages and conditions; la. Respiratory. Elicit cancer from (1) dosages greater than 10 mg/m3 (or equivalent ppm) via the respiratory tract in 6- 7-hour, daily repeat ed inhalation exposures, for 12 months' expo sure and 12 months' observation period; or (2) from intratracheally administered dosages to taling more than 10 mg of particulate or liquid per 100 ml or more of animal minute respirato ry volume; Examples: Beryl (beryllium aluminum silicate) malig. lung tumors, rats, @ 15 mg/m3 @ 17 months Benzidine, var. tumors, rats, 10-20 mg/m3@ >13 mos. OR 45 AP00055748 1b Derma/. 'elicit cancer by skin-painling of rr.ice in twice weekly dosages of > 10 mg/kg body weight m a Biologically inert vehicle for at least 75 weeks, r.e.. S 1.5g T D. Examples: Shale tar. mouse. 0.1 ml x 50 = 5g T.D. 59/60 skin tumors Arsenic trioxide, man. dose un known. but estimated to be high ic. Gastrointestinal. Elicit cancer from daily oral dosages of 50 mg/kg/day or greater during the lifetime of the animal. APPENDIX B SUBSTANCES OF VARIABLE COMPOSITION B1 Potytatrafluoroethylene' decomposition products. Thermal decomposition of the fluorocarbon chain in air leads to the formation of oxidized products containing carbon, fluorine and oxygen. Because these products decompose in part by hydrolysis in alkaline solution, they can be quantitatively de termined in air as fluoride to provide an index of exposure. No TLV is recommended pending de termination of the toxicity of the products, but air concentrations should be minimal. B2 Welding Fumes --Total Particulate (NOC)"f TLV, 5 mg/m3 Welding fumes cannot be classified simply. The composition and quantity of both are dependent on the alloy being welded and the process and elec trodes used. Reliable analysis of fumes cannot be made without considering the nature of the welding process and system being examined; reactive metals and alloys such as aluminum and titanium are arcwelded in a protective, inert atmosphere such as argon. These arcs create relatively little fume, but an intense radiation which can produce ozone. Similar processes are used to arc-weld steels, also creating a relatively low level of fumes. Ferrous alloys also are arc-welded in oxidizing environments which generate considerable fume, and can produce carbon monox ide instead of ozone. Such fumes generally are com posed of discreet particles of amorphous slags con taining iron, manganese, silicon and other metallic constituents depending on the alloy system involved. Chromium and nickel compounds are found in fumes 'Trade Names: Atgoflon, Huon. Halon. Teflon, Tetran. T Not otherwise classified <N0C). 46 when stainless steels are arc-welded. Some coated and flux-cored electrodes are formulated with fluorides and the fumes associated with them can contain significantly more fluorides than oxides. Be cause of the above factors, arc-wetding fumes fre quently must be tested for individual constituents which are likely to be present to determine whether specific TLVs are exceeded. Conclusions based on total fume concentration are generally adequate if no toxic elements are present in welding rod, metal, or metal coating and conditions are not conducive to the formation of toxic gases. Most welding, even with primitive ventilation, does not produce exposures inside the welding helmet above 5 mg/m-3. That which does, should be con trolled. APPENDIX C MIXTURES C.1 THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUES FOR MIXTURES When two or more hazardous substances, which act upon the same organ system, are present, their combined effect, rather than that of either individual ly, should be given primary consideration. In the ab sence of information to the contrary, the effects of the different hazards should be considered as additive. That is, if the sum of the following fractions. _Ci_ x _Cz _C_,, Ti Ta ' " T,, exceeds unity, then the threshold limit of the mixture should be considered as being exceeded. Ci indi cates the observed atmospheric concentration, and T, the corresponding threshold limit (See Example lA.a. and 1A.c.). Exceptions to the above rule may be made when there is a good reason to believe that the chief effects of the different harmful substances are not In fact ad ditive. but independent as when purely local effects on different organs of the body are produced by the various components of the mixture. In such cases the threshold limit ordinarily is exceeded only when at least one member of the series [--- + or + -- etc. ) \Tj Tj / itself has a value exceeding unity (See Example 1A.c.). Synergistic action or potentiation may occur with some combinations of atmospheric contaminants. Such cases at present must be determined individual ly. Potentiating or synergistic agents are not neces- 47 AP00055749 sanly harmful by themselves. Potentiating effects of exposure to such agents by routes other than that of inhalation is also possible, e.g., imbibed alcohol and inhaled narcotic (trichloroethylene). Potentiation is characteristically exhibited at high concentrations, less probably at low. When a given operation or process characteristi cally emits a number of harmful dusts, fumes, vapors or gases, it will frequently be only feasible to attempt to evaluate the hazard by measurement of a single substance. In such cases, the threshold limit used for this substance should be reduced by a suitable factor, the magnitude of which will depend on the number, toxicity and relative quantity of the other contamin ants ordinarily present. Examples of processes which are typically asso ciated with two or more harmful atmospheric conta minants are welding, automobile repair, blasting, painting, lacquering, certain foundry operations, die sel exhausts, etc. CAA Examples of THRESHOLD LIMfT VALUES FOR MIXTURES The following formulae apply only when the com ponents in a mixture have similar toxicologic effects; they should not be used for mixtures with widely dif fering reactivities, e,g., hydrogen cyanide and sulfur dioxide. In such case the formula for independent Ef fects {lA.c.i should be used. lA.a. General case, where air is analyzed for each component; a. Additive effects. fWote. It is essential that the atmosphere be analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively for each component pres ent, in order to evaluate compliance or noncompliance with diis calculated TLV.) C, + T, =1 Example No. lA.a.: Air contains 400 ppm of acetone ITLV = 750 ppm), 150 ppm of sec-Outyl acetate (TLV = 200 ppm) and 100 ppm of methyl ethyl ketone (TLV = 200 ppm) Atmospheric concentration of mix ture = 400 +- 150 + 100 = 650 ppm of mixture 46 40(1 750 150 100 200 ' 200 D.53 - 0 75 - 0.5 = 1.78 Threshold Limit is exceeded. 1 A.b. Special case when the source of contanvnant is a liquid mixture and the atmospheric composi tion is assumed to be similar to that of the orig inal material, e.g., on a time-weighted average exposure basis, all of the liquid (solvent) mix ture eventually evaporates. Additive effects {approximate solution) 1. The percent composition (by weight) of the liquid mixture is known, the TLVs of the constituents must be listed in mg/m3. (Mote: In order to evaluate compliance with this TLV, field sampling instruments should be calibrated, in the laboratory, for response to this specific quantitative and qualitative air-vapor mixture, and also to fractional concentrations of this mixture; e.g.. 1/2 the TLV; 1110 the TLV; 2 x the TLV; 10 x the TLV; etc.) TLV of mixture = TLV, TLVft TLV, u TLV, Example No. lA.b : Liquid contains (by weight) 50% heptane: TLV = 400 ppm or 1600 mg/m3 1 mg/m3 ^ 0.25 ppm 30% methyl chloroform: TLV =* 350 ppm or 1900 mg/m3 1 mg/m3 s 0.18 ppm 20% perchloroethylene: TLV =* 50 ppm or 335 mg/m3 1 mg/m3 a 0.15 Ppm TLV of Mixture = 0.5 1600 1 0.3 ^2 1900 + 335 1 0.00031 + 0.00016 + 0.0006 T = 935 mg/m3 0.00107 49 3 AP00055750 r of this mixture 50% or (935) (0.5) =468 mg/m3is heptane 30% or (935) (0.3) =281 mg/m3is methyl chloroform 20% or (935) (0.2) = 187 mg/m3 is perchloroethylene These values can be converted to ppm as follows: heptane: 468 mg/m3 x q,25 = 117 ppm methyl chloroform: 281 mg/m3 x 0.18 = 51 ppm perchloroethylane; 187 mg/m3 xo.15 =29 ppm TLV of mixture = 117 + 51 + 29 = 197 ppm, or 935 mg/m3 lA.c. Independent eftacts. Air contains 0.15 mg/m3 of lead (TLV. 0.15) and 0.7 mg/m3 of sulfuric acid (TLV, 1). 0.15 0.15 ' 0.7 = 0.7 Threshold limit is not exceeded. IB. TLV for Mixtures of Mineral Ousts. For mixtures of biologically active mineral dusts the general formula for mixtures given in 1A.b, may be used. APPENOIX D Some Nuisance Particulates'1' {TLV, (30 mppcf or) 10 mg/m3 of total dust < 1% quartz, (or, 5 mg/m3 respirable dust) ^-Alumina (AWa) Calcium carbonate Calcium silicate Cellulose (paper fiber) Emery Glycerin mist {Graphite (synthetic) Gypsum Kaolin Limestone Magnesite Marble Mineral wool fiber Pentaerythritol Plaster of Paris Portland Cement Rouge Silicon Silicon carbide Starch Sucrose Titanium dioxide Vegetable oil mists (except castor, cashew nut, or similar irritant oils) Zinc stearate Zinc oxide dust n) When toxic impurities are not present, e.g. quartz < 1%. 50 Acetylene Argon Ethane Ethylene APPENOIX E Some Simple Asphyxiants ` Helium Hydrogen Methane Neon Propane Propylene 0) As defined in the preface. {APPENDIX F Conversion of mppcf to Mass Concentration Calculations for Conversion of Particle Count Con centration (by Standard Light Field--Midget Impinger Techniques), in mppcf, to Respirable Mass Concentration (by Re spirable Sampler) in mg/m3."' 1. In 1967. Jacobsen and Tomb,"' derived an em pirical relationship of 5.6 mppcf to 1 milligram of respirable dust per cubic meter of air. based on 23 sets of samples, mostly coal dust. Studies on conversion factors have been undertaken and preliminary evidence suggests that the ap plication of any single conversion factor may not be adequate for use in risk assessments, epidemiology studies, or setting TLVs. The following calculation results in an equivalence of 6.37 mppcf to 1 mg/mJ of respir able dust. Thus, an approximate ratio of 6 mppcf to 1 mg/m3 of respirable dust is suggest ed for conversion of TLVs from a count to a mass basis when the density and mass median diameter have not been determined. 2. Basic assumptions: a) Average density for silica containing dusts - 2.5 g/cm3 (2500 mg/cm3). Pulmonary sig nificant dust densities may vary from 1.2 g/cm3 for coal dust to 3.1 g/cm3 for Portland Cement. Silica densities vary from 2.2 (amor phous) to 2.3 (cristobalite and tridymite) to 2.5 (alpha-quartz.) gms per cm3. b) The mass median diameter (mmd) of parti cles collected in midget impinger samplers and counted by the standard light field tech nique, and collected in a respirable sampler is approximately 1.5 or 1.5 x 10'4 cm This assumption is, of course, quite arbitrary since the mmd of all dust clouds is quite {See Notice of Intended Cnanges. 51 AP00055751 variable, depending on many independent parameters, such as source of dust, age of dust cloud, meteorological conditions, pro cesses and equipment cnanges, etc. If the density and the mass median diameter of the dust particles are known, the nomograph in Figure 1 can be used to convert dust count concentrations Imppcf) to respirable mass concentrations (mg/m3). 3. Calculation: a) vol. per particle: 4/3 r3; r 0.75 x IO-4 cm = 4/3 *it* (0.75 x (O'4)3 = 1.77 x iO-,2cm3 B) wt. per particle = vol. x density = 1.77 x I0_,2cm3 x 2.5 x 103 mg/cm3 = 4.425 x io-9 mg/particle c) 1 particle/ft.3 =35.3 part./m3 (since 35.5 cu ft =1 cu m.) 106 part./fl:3 = mppcf =35.3 x i06part./m3 wt. of 1 mppcf * 35.5 x ios part./m3 x 4.425 x io-9 mg/part. 1 rrppcf s 0.157 mg/m3 or 6.37 mppcf * 1 mg/m3 or approximately 6 mpccf = 1 mg/m3. Reference: 1. Jacobson, M.. and T. F. Tomb: Relationship Between Gravimetric Respirable Dusl Concentration and Midget Imprmger Number Con centration Am. Inti. Hyg. Assoc. J. 28:554 (Nov -Dec 1967|. 52 DENSITY p(g/cm3) i> -- it -c 17 -j 11 -( 10 -- 7 5 A RATIO R/ mppcf \ lmg/m3/ . 00J6 = .005 .02 -- .03 . 06 -- .05 .7 -- .1 . 5 -2 MMO D0m) 7 1 5 } IS -- 20 -- 1_ " .t i 50 -- 100 -- 100 ICO v 5" : L -S Figure 1 -- Ratio of Particle Count -- mppcf to Respir able Mass Concentration -- mg/m3 (as function of density and mmd)t fPrepared by P. E. Caplan and R. J. Smith 53 AP00055752 Taoie; Equivalent TLVs in mppct and mg/m3 (Respirable Mass) for Mineral Dustst Substance Threshold Limit Value Count Hesp. Mass Total Mass mppcf mq/m3 mq/m3 Silica fS/Oa) Amorphous Cristobaiite Fused silica Quartz Tridymite Coal Oust Diatomaceous earth, natural Graphite (natural) Mica Mineral wool fiber Nuisance particulates Perlite Portland Cement Soapstone Tripoli 20 1.5 3 3 1.5 (12) -- 15 20 -- 30 30 30 20 (3) (3)" 0.05 0.1 0.1 0.05 2 1.5 (2.5) (3) (5) (5) (5) (5) (3) 0.1 (6) 0.15 0.3 0.3 0.15 (4) -- (5) (6) 10 10 (10) (10) (6) (0.3) (Assuming that the mass median diameter is 1.5 tun and density is 2.5 g/cro1. 'Unless otherwise specified, respirable mass is presumed to equal ap proximately 50% of total mass. "All values in parenlheses (| represent newly calculated values based on equivalence of 6 mppct * 1 mg/m1 respiratte mass and respirable mass * 50% total mass. APPENDIX G Chemical Substances and Other Issues Under Study* Chemical Substances Acetonitrile Acrolein Acrylic acid Ally! chloride Asbestos Atrazine Carbon bfack Chlorine bis-Chtoromethyl ether Chloromethyl methyl ether o-Chlorotoluene Chrysene Copper dust & fume Cyclohexanone Oiethylenetriamine Epichlorohydrin 54 Ethyl benzene Ethyl chloride Ethylene dichloride Ethyl methacrylate Gasoline (unleaded) Glycidol Glycol ethers Graphite Hexachlorocyclopentadlene Isocyanates Isoamyl alcohol Jet fuels Nickel, metal & soluble compounds Osmium tfttroxide Perfluonnated chemicals Petroleum tusis Petroleum solvents Pipertzine Propylene chloride Propylene oxide 1,2.3-Trichloropropane m-Xylene 2,2'-diamine (MXDA; meta-metaxy(enediamine) Zinc chromates Other Issues 1. Is the current aspect ratio better than other ratios for health protection and/or differentiation of asbestos fibers. 2. Ceiling Limits -- In light of today's instrumentation (quick response) and STELS, are ceiling limits need ed and, if so, what criteria would determine their ap propriateness. 3. Soluble Inorganic Compounds -- What quantitative criteria should be used in differentiating between sol uble and insoluble for TLV use. 4. Should welding fume value (not otherwise classified. NOC) be retained or should specific analytical deter minations be made for metals and other compounds and these values be compared to specific TLVs? Information, data especially, and comments are solicited to assist me committee m its delOerations and in the development of draft docu ments. Oralt documentations are used by the committee to decide what aclian, it any, to recommend on a given substance or Question. 55 AP00055753 APPENDIX H Registered* Trade Names Trade Name Generic Name Abate Am mate Azodrin Baygon Baytex Bidrin Bolstar Butyl Cellosolve Cellosolve acetate Coyden Crag herbicide Dasanit Delnav Oibrom Qifolatan Oisyston Oursban Dyfonate Furadan Guthion Larmate Methyl Cellosolve Methyl Cellosolve acetate Nemacur Nialate N-Serve Pival Pllctran Sencor Sevin Teflon Thimet Thiodan Tordon Zoalene Temephos Ammonium sultanate Monocrotophos Propoxur Fenthion Dicrotophos Sulprofos 2-Butoxyethanol 2-Ethoxyethyl acetate Clopidof Sesone Fensulfothion Dioxathion Naled Captafol Disulfoton Chlorpyrifos Fonofos Carbofuran Azinphos-methyl Methomyl 2-Methoxyethanol 2-Methoxyethyl acetate Fenamipftos Ethion Nitrapyrin Pindone Cyhexatin Meiribuzin Carbaryl Polytetrafluoroethylene Phorate Endosulfan Picloram Dinitolrride CAS No. 3383-96-3 7773-06-0 6923-22-4 114-26-1 55-38-9 141-66-2 35400-43-2 111-76-2 111-15-9 2971-90-6 136-78-7 115-90-2 78-34-2 300-76-5 2425-06-1 298-04-4 2921-88-2 944-22-9 1563-66-2 66-50-0 16752-77-5 109-84-4 110-49-6 22224-92-6 563-12-2 1929-824 83-26-1 13121-70-5 21087-64-9 63-25-2 9002-84-0 298-02-2 115-29-7 1918-02-1 148-01-6 Vi V IV 56 Biological Exposure Indices Proposed b' ACGIH for 1984-8! AP00055754 1983-84 BIOLOGICAL EXPOSURE INDICES COMMITTEE Vera F. Thomas. Ph D., University of Miami, Chair Larry K. Lowry, Ph.D., NtOSH Walter W. Melvin. Jr.. M.D., ScD., Colorado State University John Rosenberg, M.D., California Dept, of Industrial Relations Anthony A. Thomas. M.D.. Retired CONSULTANTS John C. Ramsey, Ph.D. Mitchell R. Zavon, M.D. J i A 58 PREFACE BIOLOGICAL EXPOSURE INDICES Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) represent warning levels of biological response to the chemical, or warning levels of the chemical or its metabolic produces) in tis sues. fluids, or exhaled air of exposed workers, regard less of whether the chemical was inhaled, ingested, or absorbed via skin, introduction of the BE) is a step in the evolution of the concept of TLVs. The BEI provides health personnel with an additional too) to provide pro tection for the worker. Use of body fluids and appen dages such as hair or nails for measuring the absorbed amount of a substance has long been a standard prac tice for certain substances. Lead is a classical example of a substance for which blood concentrations have long been considered the critical value in determining '`safe" versus "unsafe" exposures. Two problems hindered the wider use of biological measurements as indicators of "safe" environmental exposures: 1) the relatively wide range in individual response to a substance and the wide range of "normal" that has to be considered; and 2) The lack of simple specific analytical methods of sufficient sensitivity. Both problems are capable of solution, and we believe that sufficient progress has been made to begin utilizing selected BEIs which can be used as a guide to "safe" exposures to toxic chemicals. The BE! is considered supplementary to an airborne TLV. TLVs are intended to provide the industrial hygienist with an additional measure to aid in the design of engi neering controls or for temporary use of personal protec tive equipment which will protect almost all exposed workers from untoward effects of chemical exposure. In principle, TWA-TLVs are designed to prevent exposures which may cause acute or chronic adverse effects. They are also intended to avoid attendant deterioration of nor mal physiological function. This approach is based on the assumption that for nearly all workers there is a toler able exposure limit and a tolerable body burden of air borne material. If this assumption is valid, there should be a range of safe biologically insignificant changes of various measures of body function. The TLVs are a measure of the composition of the external environment surrounding the worker. BEIs are a measure of the amount of chemical absorbed into the body. The concept of the BEI is particularly useful in evaluating exposures to substances with significant ab sorption through the skin. 59 AP00055755 The biological determinant on which the BEis are Cased can furnish two Kinds of information useful in the control of worker exposure; 1) measure of the worker's individual response, and 2) measure of the worker s indi vidual overall exposure. Measurements of response fur nish an estimate of the physiological status of the worker and can be made by, a) determining changes in the amount of a critical biochemical constituent, b) deter mining changes in activity of a critical enzyme, and c) determining changes in a physiological function. Mea surements of exposure can be made by, a) determining the chemical in exhaled air. urine, blood, hair, nails, body tissues and fluids, b) determining the metabolite(s) of the chemical in tissues and fluids, and c) determining the extent of specific biochemical and physiological changes induced by the chemical. Recommended values of BEls are based on data ob tained in epidemiological and field studies or determined as bioequivalent to a TLV by means of pharmacokinetic analysis of data from controlled human studies. Most chemicals (including organic solvents) are initially ab sorbed and eliminated fairly rapidly -- usually with initial half-life values measured in a few hours or even minutes. Rapidly changing concentrations in body fluids compli cate the interpretation of data and the average body bur den of a chemical attained during a work shift can easily be over-predicted or under-predicted. Furthermore, bio logical measurements fail in most instances to detect transient periods of over-exposure during the work shift. Because elimination of chemicals and their metabolic products, as well as biological changes induced by expo sure to the chemical, are kinetic events, the listed BEis are strictly related to 8-hour exposures and to the speci fied timing for the collection of biological samples. There are other factors to be considered when the BEI is applied. Among the factors which must be consid ered in using BEIs are; a) changes induced by strenuous physical activity; b) changes induced by environmental conditions (altitude:, heat, diet, etc.); c) changes induced by water intake; d) changes in physiological functions in duced by preexisting disease or congenital variation; e) changes in metabolism induced by congenital variation of metabolic pathways; and t) changes In metabolic pathway induced by simultaneous administration of an other chemical (induction or inhibition of activity of a critical enzyme by medication or by preexposure or coexposure to another chemical). For 8E!s based on urine analysis, simple measure ments of concentrations can provide sufficient informa tion on exposure, but in many instances, measurements of elimination rates provide more precise information. 60 Urinary concentrations related to creatinine represent a reasonable compromise between the accuracy of the in formation and the technical means of obtaining the data. Some BEIs are not protective of an identified popula tion. or are nonspecific, or the correlation between the exposure and biological determinant is weakened by variables introduced by large interindividual variation in response to the chemical or by timing and fluctuation of exposure concentration. In such cases the BEIs carry the following notations: "R" Notation. Indicates that art identifiable popula tion group might have an increased susceptibility to the effect of the chemical which leaves it unprotected by the recommended BEI. The specific documentation should be consulted for detailed information. ...... Notation. Some determinants are nonspecific, since different chemicals may bear the same biological response. Such BEIs carry notation. These nonspe cific tests are preferred because they are easy to use and. in many instances, offer a better correlation be tween exposure and response than specific tests. In such instances, a BEI for a specific less quantitative biological determinant is recommended as a confirmatory test. The documentation should be consulted for information on factors affecting interpretation of such a BEI. Notation. Indicates that the biological determin ant is a specific indicator of exposure to the chemical, but the quantitative interpretation of the measurements is very ambiguous, and that the relationship between the TLV and SEI is markedly weakened by variables in tim ing, fluctuation of exposure concentrations, and by other circumstantial variables. Such biological determinants should be used as confirmatory tests; and their BEIs should be applied cautiously, mainly for confirmation of exposures indicated by nonspecific BEis. "G" Notation. Because of the wide interindividual variation in response to some chemicals, the BEI is. in some instances, recommended as a mean value of a group test for workers subjected to a simitar level of oc cupational exposure, rather than as an index for an indi vidual. Such BEis carry "G" notation. The table includes BEis for which a sufficient data base is available and on which the committee took ac tion. Some BEI3 are more suitable for correlation with TLV-TWAs than others. Other BEis are preferable for evaluating recent exposure or for confirmation of expo sure. For specific instances the documentation should be consulted. Workers are not expected to suffer any ill effects as long as the described measurements of the determinants 61 AP00055756 co m r are maintained within limits of the recommended BEIs. Airborne Chemical Measurements outside these limits are not necessarily [CAS #] indicators of a disease process. However, if these deviate measurements persist, it is an indication that the individ Indices liming Bi ual should be examined by a physician to determine whether there is any health effect. The workplace and Toluene in end- During shift 20 ppm work practices should be investigated further. exhaled air NOTICE OF INTENT TO ESTABLISH BIOLOGICAL EXPOSURE INDICES* Airborne Chemical [CAS #1 indices Timing BBI CARBON MONOXIDE (630-03-01 * Cartwxyhenoglobin in blood '00 in end-exhaled air End of shift End of shift less than 8% R less than 40 ppm ETHEYL BENZENE [100-41-4] Mandelic acid in urine "Ethyl benzene in end-exhaleo air End of shift and End of workweek Prior to shift 2 g/L 1.5 g/g creat. 2 ppm G G TRICHLOROETHYLENE [79-01-61 'Trichloroacetic acicf in urine 'Trichloroacetic acid and trichloroathanol in unne "Free irichioroethanol in blood "Trichloroethylene in end-exhaled air End of workweek End of shift ano End of workweek End of shift and End of workweek Prior to shift and End of workweek XYLENES [1330-20-7) Metfiylhippuric acids in urine End of shift Last 4 hrs of shift 100 mg/L G 320 mg/g creat. 300 mg/l 4 mg/L 0.5 ppm 1.5 g/g creat. 2 mg/min STYRENE, monomer (100-42-51 * Mandelic add in urine Styrene in mixedexhaled air 'Phenylgtyoxylic acid in urne '* Styrene in mixedexhaled air '* Styrene in venous blood End of shift Prior to shift End of shift During shift End of shift Prior to shift 1.0g/L 0.8 g/g creat. 40ppb G G 250 mg/L G 240 mg/g creat. G 18 ppm 0.55 mg/L 0.02 mg/L TOLUENE (106-85-3) ' Hippuric acid in urine "Toluene in venous blood End of shift Last 4 hrs of shift End of shift 2.5 g/g creat. 3 mg/min 1.0 mg/L G G fit is strongly advisaote to consult the specific documentation before invoking BEL 62 53 AP00055757