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FILE NAME: Trade Publications (TR) DATE: 1937 July DOC#: TR021 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Trade Journal Article - Past, Present & Future of the Occupational-Disease Situation Vol. 30 Published on the tenth of each month for producers end manu facturers of Cement, Crushed Stone, Gypsum, Lime, S a n d , Gravel and other nonmetallic min erals. Copyrighted 1937 by Com plete Service Publishing Co., 538 South Clark Street, Chicago, ill. H. W . BAUMGARTNER President STANLEY A. PHILLIPS Vice-President and Directing Editor Field Editor: W. E. TRAUFFER Assistant Editor: HARRY F. UTLEY C ontributing Editor: WILHELM CARL RIETH Circulation Manager: W . T. KLUSSMAN Advertising Manager: JAM ES E. M ONTGOM ERY Telephone HARrison 9357 Chicago, III. Eastern Advertising Manager: W . A. BUSCHMAN Room 420, 122 East 42nd St. Telephone CALedonia 5-4438 New York, N. Y. Central Advertising Manager: W. H. SANDERSON Auditorium Bldg. Telephone CHerry 6339 Cleveland, O . Advertising Representatives: FRANK G. LAUGHTON New York, N. Y. D. R. EGBERT Chicago, III. Field Representatives: A. C . PETERSEN J. K. GARESCHE July, 1937 CONTENTS News of the Industry ..................................... 29 Editorial: Intimidation in Labor Disputes .. .34 Reports Presented at A. S. T. M. Meeting. .36 Special Cement-Mill Section ......................... 37 Marquette Completes Part of Improve ment Program ........................................... 43 Closed-Circuit Grinding with Air Separators ................................................. 53 Separators Improve Grinding Efficiency. 63 Saving in Air-Compressor Applications.. .67 Cement as Engineering Material to Stay. .71 Bowl Mills and Recuperators Responsible for Power end Fuel Savings ................. 73 The Autoclave-- New Cement Soundless T e s t ............................................................. 77 Crusher Changes Affect Entire Plant......... 79 Past, Present and Future of the Occupa tional-Disease Situation........................... 83 News and Views from the C a p ita l............... 86 The Future of Labor Relations....................... 89 Regulating Hours in the Aggregates Industry.................................. i.......................91 Research in Industrial Sand Industry.............93 Profitable New Products Section ................. 97 A Product Easy to Enthuse A b o u t!........... 98 Steel Industry Uses Own Slag in Concrete 100 Truck-Mixer and Agitator Standards.. . . 102 Men of the Industry.................................107 Personal Mention . . ...............................108 foreign Developments.............................109 Traffic News D igest................................ 110 New Machinery and Supplies................. 112 f No. 1 Past, Present and Future of the Occupational-Disease Situation* it:, ! | j , C. O. SAPPINGTON, M. D. Consulting Industrial Hygienist OU will recall in your high-school history courses that this study was divided into several parts, one per taining to ancient history, one to mediehistory and another to modern his- ftory. It will be rather convenient in presenting this review of the occupatjonal disease situation to make comparfSvjsons between these kinds of history and Ijjih e periods of evolution through which have passed with regard to occupa tio n al-d isease conceptions. jsSj'j-Our past experiences may well be f ! j - 0 i n p a r e d t0 the period of ancient his- ||fo ry and this period may also well be $|fjjg|iled the stage of guesswork and hysjJ|ria. Your interest and the interest of Ijtfiiost people has been in the spectacular, RSjjld, in fact, this has been the basis for " (Compensation laws in regard to mechanp al injuries. There is nothing spectac- j:>plar about occupational disease in the gjjppain and so your main interest has been laws or in problems because people paye continued to be crippled and killed gjjlJgy mechanical forces. There is no such appeal with regard to occupap^p q n al disease. Then along came the fiepression with the effect of producing filia' number of spurious cases, which rejjjin jte d in a great burden being placed jlp lp o n industry in regard to the economic jjggftpation. n addition to these factors there has n a lack of general knowledge and Ktrained men in the field of occupanal-disease difficulties. All these fac- 3: S have resulted in the production of ejpogies and unrest, hence the reason for f|Pplying the name of guesswork and Steria to this period of evolution in pational diseases as the stage. Ji<0ur present experience may well be Ipiened to the period of medieval his- ; l0iY It now believed that we have " ^me somewhat past the bogy stage, .With a swing' to the factual and this may well be called the stage of vv'dcnce of the swing to j ... factual, last year occupational-dis- j! compensation legislation was in- - ^ 'TOduced in more than forty states and . *p , , ' is V Delivered before the Engineering Division, reater Chicago Safety Council, Dec. 17, 1936. 1937 as a result of this activity a number of states have actually passed laws, includ ing Illinois. In this stage, when emphasis will be placed upon factual evidence, plant sur veys and studies have become more popular; examinations, including Xrays and clinical laboratory tests, have now come into use more widely. These devices will be used more and more to get facts in this stage of reality. The future, which overlaps somewhat upon the present and includes develop ments in the immediate offing, may well be likened to the period of modern his tory. This may be called the stage of progress. I predict that compensation for occupational-disease disability will be general in the United States within the next five years, that physical exam inations will become universal within the next ten years, and along with this will be an increased use of surveys and studies of industrial environment. As a practical outline of important sources of difficulty relating to occupa tional diseases, let us merely mention the following: 1. Dust (silica and asbestos-contain ing dusts). 2. Metals (lead, cadmium, chro mium, mercury, thallium). 3. Gases (carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, arsine, the nitrous group, cyanogen compounds). 4. Vapors and solvents (benzol and its homologues, the chlorinated hydro carbons, and others). 5. Skin irritants (soaps and cleansing powders, dyes, oils and greases, dusts and powders, solvents, agents of infec tion). This is not in any way to be con sidered an exhaustive list, but a nuixiber of the "high points" of importance have been picked as the chief possibilities or probabilities relating to occupational dis ease and these have been mentioned. It is significant in this connection that when the U. S. Public Health Service made a cross-sectional survey of in dustries and published its results in the year 1934, it was discovered that in order of frequency the chief exposures 1U lllUUSU) VNCJLC dA iUUUWO. UlUl^cUlU. dusts, carbon monoxide, and lead. There are, of course, a number of others, but these are the chief types of exposure encountered in American in dustry and those which are likely to give difficulty. It is good to remember that this cross-sectional survey was made in ten different industries, embracing 615 plants and involving 28,000 em ployees. It has been well said that the best criterion of an occupational-disease haz ard is the occurrence of occupational disease; but none of us can afford to wait, I take it, for disease to occur. At this point it might be well to make a distinction between the two words ex posure and hazard, simply because, as the U. S. Public Health Service has pointed out, if a man is exposed to lead, carbon monoxide or to inorganic dusts, it does not mean that he is ex posed to a hazard. More must be known than the mere fact of exposure; we must know the quality and quantity of exposure and then, when compared with criteria which have already been established in the production of disease, we shall be able to say whether or not a real hazard exists. Remember that a hazard is always an exposure; an ex posure is not always a hazard. Here are some concrete suggestions which are boiled down to very brief expressions, but which contain the real essence of prevention of occupational disease: 1. Find out the exposure and the hazard in your plants. 2. Examine your men (before em ployment, during employment on haz ardous jobs, and at the time of discon tinuance of employment). The exam inations will be different for different types of exposure; obviously an exam ination for a dust occupation will not suffice for a lead occupation. 3. Correlate cause and effect factors from the information gained by scien tific study of the industrial environment and the medical data accruing from examinations and laboratory tests. 4. Control or eliminate the hazard, or furnish adequate protection for your men. Another way of stating the above suggestions forcibly is as follows: Man agement must know its men, materials, methods, and machines. In summary, the occupational-disease situation has become a national ques tion; it involves socio-economic prob lems of tremendous significance; it pre sents difficulties no greater than any other industrial problem if the same amount of time, money and quality of brains are used, as have been applied in the past to similar industrial situ ations. 83 i MANGANAL N ickel M a n g a n e se Steel R eg. U. S. P a te n t Office Nos. 1,876,738, 1,947,167 a n d 2,021,945 With prices skyrocketing on all types of equipmerit, you can avoid costly replacements by us ing Manganal Applicator Bars for rebuilding worn-out machine parts and keeping your old equipment in service for years to oo-ne. Pump shells, crusher plates, dipper teeth and similar parts of 11 to 14% manganese steel can be easi ly reclaimed this way. Use Manganal Wedges for attaching to worn managanese and carbon steel shovel teeth to resist impact and abrasion. SOLE PRODUCERS For Building Up For Hard Surfacing S T U L Z -S IC K L E S C O ., 1 3 4 -1 4 2 Lafayette St., Newark, N. J. Index to Advertisers Allen Sheiman Hoff C o ............Inside Front Cover *AIlis-Chulniers Mfg Co..................................... 72 American Manganese Steel C o ........................ 125 American Pulverizer Co....................................... 133 Bacon, Inc., Earle C............................................ 112 Baker & Greenberg .......................................... 135 Baldwin Locomotive Works .......................... 80 Barber-Greene Co ............................................ 129 B artlett & Snow Co , C. 0 .............................. 133 Birmingham Rail & Locomotive Co......... .. 135 Bluw-Knox Co...........................................................105 Broadcast Section ...................................... 135-139 Broderick & Bascom Rope Co............................ 133 *Bucyius-Erie Co.................................. 22 Buffalo Scale Co.................................. 68 Burnham, Royal E.............................. 138 Burrell Engr. & Const. Co........... 82 Carnegie-Illinois Steel Corp........... 19 Caterpillar Tractor C o ................... 4 Cement Mill Equip. C o ................... 58 Chain Belt Co....................................... 105 Chicago Perforating Co..................... 113 Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co........... 74 Cincinnati Rubber Mfg. C o ............ 133 Cleveland Rock P rill Co.................. 23 Cleveland Wire Cloth & Mfg. Co... 128 Consolidated Products Co................ 139 Deister Concentrator Co.................. 133 P eister Machine C o .......................... 129 DeWitt Hotels ................................... 132 Pixie Machy Mfg Co....................... 82 Dracco Corp........................................... 60 Dunn Mfg. Co , W. E ....................... 106 Eagle Iron Works................................ 129 Ensign-Biekford C o ............................ 20 Equipment Corporation of America 135 Erie Pump & Engine Works............ 133 Exolon Co............................ 130 Flexible Steel Lacing Co, 131 Frog Switch & Mfg. Co.. 108 Fuller C o ......................... 54 Gardner-Denver Co........... Gar Wood Industries, Inc -General Elect tic Co. .. General Motors C o rp .... "Good Roads Machy. Corp 123 123 12-13 . 21 , 132 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co............................ 2 Gruendler Crusher & Pulv Co....................... 50 Haiss Mfg Co., G e o .......................................... 113 Hardinge Co.......................................................... 84 Hardsocg Wonder D rill C o ............................ 131 Hamischfeger Corp.............................................. 64 Hazard Wiie Rope Division of American Chain & Cable Co..............Inside Back Cover Hendrick Mfg. C o ............................................ 133 Hetherington & Berner, Inc.............................. 140 Hoffman Bros. Drilling Co.............................. 138 Holmes, Robt., & Bros., Inc............................ 131 Howe Scale Co..................................................... 116 Hug Co................................................................... 8 Hummel-Foley Corp............................................ 66 Huron Industries C o .......................................... 132 Hyman-Miehaels C o .......................................... 139 Iowa Mfg. C o . . . . ............................................... 119 Independent Pneumatic Tool Co....................... 7 Ingersoll-Rand C o ............................................... 52 Jaeger Machine C o ................................ Back Cover Jeffrey Mfg. C o ................................................... 125 Kennedy-Van Saun Mfg. & Engr. Corp . . . 76 Koehiing C o ........................................................ 118 Lane Co., T J ................................................... 135 Leschen & Sons Rope Co., A.............................. 114 Le Tourneau, Inc., R. G................................ 70 Lewis, Harry C..................................................... 137 Lewiston Foundry & Machine Co..................... 130 Lima Locomothe Works........................................ 11 Link-Belt C o ...................................................... 1-131 Ludlow-Saylor Wire Co....................................... 40 Manitowoc Engr. Works ................................... 62 M arietta Concrete Corp....................................... 105 McLanahan & Stone C o rp ................................. 132 McLeod, Alex T ................................................. 138 Merrick Scale Mfg Co ................................... 78 Michigan Power Shovel Co....................................127 Morris Machine Works..................................... 80 Morse Bros. Machinery Co.............................. 134 National Industrial Invest. C o rp ................... 139 National Supply Co............................ 6 National Wire Cloth C o ................................... 117 New Holland Machine Co................................... 109 Nordberg Mfg. C o .................................................. 133 Northwest Engr. Co............................................ 18 Owen Bucket Co................................................... 128 Parsons Engr. Co................. 113 Page Engr. Co....................................................3-115 Pennsylvania Drilling Co................................... 138 Philadelphian H otel............................................ 130 Pioneer Gravel Equip. Mfg C o ................ 17 Productive Equipment C o rp .............................. 132 Quinn Wire & Iron Works.............................. 106 Railway Accessories Co....................................... 134 Raymond Pulverizer Div of Combustion Engi. Co., Inc.............................................. 38 Rental Seivice Co................................................ 137 Republic Rubber Co............................................ 121 Robins Conveying Belt C o .............................. 28 Rock B it Sales & Service, Inc............................ 117 Roebling's Sons Co , John A ............ 10-15 Sauerman Bros., Inc............................................ 128 Schaffer Poidometer Co....................................... 114 Simplicity Engr Co............................................ I l l SKF Industries, Inc............................................ 25 Smidth & Co . F. L......................................... 37 Smith Co., S. Morgan........................................ 127 Smith Engr Works.............................................. 26 Smith. Inc., L. B................................................ 137 Sprout, Waldron & Co....................................... 128 Stanhope. Inc , R C............................................ 137 Stulz-Sickles Co................................................... 140 Sturtevant Mill Co ..................................... 42 Taylor Forge & Pipe Works.............................. 110 Thew Shovel Co................................................... 0 Tidewater Equip & Machy Corp.................. 135 Timken Roller Rearing C o .............................. 5 Traylor Engr & Mfg C o .......................... 30 Tyler Co., W S...................................................... 130 Union Wire Rope Corp..................................... 24 United States S teel............................................ 19 Universal Concrete Pipe Co................................ 104 Universal Crusher C o .......................................... 14 Walsh Co., Richard P ........................................ 137 Warren Bros. Roads C o ..................................... 106 Wellman Engr. C o .............................................. 130 Western Precipitation Corp .......................... 56 Whitcomb Locomotive C o ................................. 80 Williams Patent Crusher & Pulverizer Co . 78 Williamsport Wire Rope Co ....................... 16 *See also inform ation in th e 1937 P it and Quarry HANDBOOK (^BITUMINOUS PAVING MACHINERY <) Bituminized Material Offers a New Outlet for Your Aggregate O Th e H & B tower type plant combines portability and large capacity. Built by manufacturers of asphalt paving machinery for over 30 years. S en d for our new bulletin T-247 HETHERINGTON & BERNER, INC. ENGINEERS-- MANUFACTURERS INDIANAPOLIS, IND. 740 Pit and Quarry QUARRY CUTS AIR HOSE COST HERE is a typical example of the savings that can he made by having air hose indi vidually specified to the job by the G.T.M.-- Goodyear Technical Man. Air hose troubles used to be a pretty regular thing in the underground operations of the Heumader Quarries Company, St. Joseph, Missouri. Constant dragging over the sharp rocks caused severe abrasion and rapid covtpr wear. Lubricating oil passing through ,% lines caused the nlWfrmn i|(il il m fi i quently clogging the hammers aha < the work. Several different makes .lr hose were tried, but the m axim um service was only one year! H Says " Style M" Noting these conditions carefully, the G.T.M. recommended that the quarry change to Goodyear Style M Air Drill Hose, 4-ply, and in May 1933, several lengths were put into service on the hammers. Today, over four years later, this hose is still in use and, as the photograph shows, it is far fro m worn out. In all this time there have been no shutdowns and delays due to clogged tools, and the saving in replacements has reduced the company's air hose bill 75%. molded Couldn't you use savings like that? To give you similar economy on any type of job Goodyear makes five different types of air hose to fit every service requirement. The G.T.M. will be glad to recommend the proper type for your operation if you will write him, care of Goodyear, Akron, Ohio, or Los Angeles, California--or the goods nearest Goodyear Mechanical Rub ber Goods Distributor. rH* A t i s r MAMt FOR one who has used many engines, John Guerra is a man of few words. But they pack a world of meaning! "Best engine I ever had," sums up the low operating cost of his 125-hp. "Caterpillar" Diesel Engine and the way it stands up under the heavy demands of his rock-crushing plant at River Drive and Strodman Road, St. Louis, Mo. With an output of 350 tons per 10-hour day, his fuel-and-lubrication cost is only thirty cents an hour -- 1 l/6c a ton, or less than one-fourth the usual cost of other types of power. In 20 months of service, not a cent has been spent for repairs. And there are thousands of other actual instances, covering most every industry, which offer similar proof of the extraordinary economy of Diesel power as perfected by "Caterpillar." Ask the nearest dealer for details. Or, write us direct. S E V E N E N G IN E S I Z E S - 4 4 TO 160 H P . TIMKEN Bils m eet e v e ry n eed The TIMKEN Rock Bit range includes types and sizes for every drilling condition that may be encountered. TIMKEN Bits are made in three different types-- cross, rose and chisel-- available with either center or side hole in all required gauges. There is only one quality however, and that is the highest that can be produced. TIMKEN means as much in rock bits in this respect as it does in tapered roller bearings. To get this superior quality and the advantages that go with it-- including streamlined design, faster drill ing and more footage per bit-- you pay a little more for TIMKEN Bits-- but you will find them cheaper in the long run. If you are not using TIMKEN Bits you are losing a modern opportunity to reduce your drilling costs. W hy not give them a tryout now? W e are ready to conduct a demonstration whenever you say the word. THE TIMKEN ROLLER BEARING COMPANY, CANTON, OHIO Manufacturers of Timken Tapered Roller Bearings for automobiles, motor trucks, railroad cars and locomotives and all kinds of industrial machinery; Timken A lloy Steels and Carbon and Alloy Seam less Tubing; and Timken Rock Bits. * TRADE-MARK REG. U. S. PAT. OFF. TIMKEN ROCK BITS July, 1937 5 B u ild in g a fiatet d r ill i one th in g - M aking it so that it w ill stand up is anothcl That's why [ngersoll-Rand pistons pass through 48 operations In their manufacture PIECE by piece the parts of a rock drill look simple and easy to make--but looks are deceiving. No other machine has to withstand the abuse of modern drills. Consider the piston of the DA-35 drifter; one end operates at a freezing temperature, the other, frequently at 250 F. It must deliver heavy blows, at the rate of about 2000 per minute (depending on conditions)--millions of these impacts during its lifetime. It receives 48 separate machining, testing and heat treating operations and is actually being worked on 55 hours in the course of its manufacture. During the last thirty years there has been a tenfold increase in drilling speed--the life span of parts has been lengthened--dependability has grown progressively greater--upkeep costs have steadily decreased. Credit for this great improvement is due in a large measure to Ingersoll-Rand research and development. I-R PRODUCTS 'C o o le rs eron Pum ps ers rx" C o re D rills Com pressors Condensers D rill Steel & "Jackbits" Engines H o ists Paving Breakers Pn eum atic Tools Receivers, A ir & G as Refrigeration U nits R ock Drills Rock D rill Accessories Tie Tam pers Vacuum Pumps 513-5 T n d m * c r >11- These numbers on a] enable us to detern exact batch of steel which it was made, t as all ofthe pertinent! concerning th e fan machining, heat-tnj inspection and test | part. REASONS WHY THE DA-35 PISTON STANDS-UP Metallurgical specifications for each piston incorporate 60 years of accumulated ex perience. No steel for any other purpose whatever, is selected as carefully as the material that goes in rock drill pistons. Composition is controlled with unbelievable accuracy. Each batch must pass a physical inspection, chemi cal analysis and an elaborate hardenability test before it leaves the mill. Proper heat-treating is a highly technical operation. The handling of this step in the manufacture of I-R drills is entrusted only to specially trained metallurgists. k A correct design, highly skilled craftsmen and a thoroughly modern plant and equip ment insure a superior product. Sizes are held to one-half of one-thousandth of an inch (.0005") variation. Every finished piston is tested in a specially developed magnetic testing machine, which gives what we call "a mechanical X-ray", indicating the depth of hardness and the most minute variations from specified stand- iv Ja r \ i fi -ni q /4 y'ii at/in e t e a rri \ r o r \ Morans r i e Hydraulic C olumn News o f interest to Centrifugal Pump U s e r s M ORE GidJUo ifondb ..MORE P&1 (toUSl WITH WHITCOMB LOCOMOTIVES "Full of Grit" ___ This Morris Centrifugal Pump is certainly "full of grit"-- literally as well as figuratively. The stamina which has enabled it to operate w ith complete satisfac tion on this difficult slurry-handling service is typical of the quality built into all Morris Pumps. Have you the Morris bulletins on pumps for your requirements? If not, be sure to write for copies. fc b S s? s 1 * ? 10 IfO 30 n s s H o n sp z/p p o /vp pnro7iaA M C E rsm rs COSrSATSPEEP) n S Q R P P t 1 1 i 1 ~ j -- j-- 1 i csL " . _ I?,. \ ; 1 ' S-- JfT 0 60 1 to 0 i 0 Zj 0 00 OO ____ `rOO 600 300 ,'000 U 5 GM /Oto.5 >A C l/K U tt --i U00 10Q 'oOO MOXfUS M C f t M i WAS BPZOW iW St//ZZ,NX Efficiency curves should have plateaus-- not peaks . . . . If a centrifugal pump has an efficiency curve that drops off sharply from both sides of the maximum, the slight est change of pressure or capacity will cause a marked loss of efficiency. Morris Pumps have flat efficiency curves, which means that they may be operated over a range of conditions w ithout material decrease of effi ciency. If you want centrifugal pumps with this help ful characteristic, be sure to get a Morris Quotation. Bulletins on request. For a u th o rita tiv e reco m m en d a tio n on a n y p u m p in g or dredging p r o b l e m , u r i t e to M o r r is M a c h i n e W o r k s ^ B a l d i v i n s i i l l e , .Y. Y . R ep resen ta tives in P rincipal C ities Stop fighting ground resistance, road washouts, high up-keep cost of equipment, and extra man power. Let one operator, with a Whitcomb Locomotive, haul more tonnage at one time than a whole fleet of individual haulage machines. Over half a century of experience has proven the unequalled stamina and efficiency of Whitcomb Locomotives. They give you un interrupted service for more years with lower up-keep cost. New methods make track moving or shifting faster, easier and cheaper than ever. Whitcomb Locomotives are sturdy, compact machines, properly balanced for rough, temporary tracks. They have plenty of power to move the load with speed and economy. Let our engineers survey your haulage re quirements and estimate the savings you can make with Whitcomb equipment. A SIZE AND TYPE TO SUIT YOUR NEEDS G asoline or Diesel M echanical Drive G asoline or Diesel Electric Drive Electric Storage Battery Electric Trolley Com bination Trolley -- Storage Battery THE WHITCOMB LOCOMOTIVE COM PAHY Plant at Rochelle/ Illinois S u b sid iary oi The B aldw in Locomotive W orks All sale s m ade b y The B aldw in Locomotive W orks, P a sc h a ll S tation Post O ifice, P h ila d e lp h ia , P e n n sy lv a n ia . jlecMMf, ^btuMsp, fiadli&l for HocJz and A(j*yie<fcU&L and T44 TELESCOPIC HOISTS with PATENTED OUTSIDE MOUNTINGS # 20 cu. yd. side dump body, and Model T44 tele scopic hoist. The body weighs approximately 14,000 lbs. A GARDNER-DENVER AIR COM PRESSOR An improved, accurately balanced compressor suit able for a wide variety of services. Made in all commercial sizes. Rugged--built for heavy-duty, full-load service and continuous operation. 0 Model T44 consists of two powerful telescopic hoists mounted in saddles in side or outside the truck frame. It is extensively used with big rock bodies such as the one opposite, to handle up to 25 tons. Low power costs . . . electro pneumatic control auto matically controls current consumption in accord ance with air demand. Timken Tapered Adjustable Roller Bearings. W rite for bulletin giving full details Fleet of rock excavating units, with T44 hoists. This type of body can be furnished with down-folding tailgate as shown, or with scoop end. GAR W OOD IN D U S T R IE S , INC. 7924 R iopelle St. e Detroit, Mich. WORLD'S LARGEST MANUFACTURER OF TRUCK E Q U I P M E N T -- Hoists. Bo dies, T a nks , W i n c h e s a n d C r a n e s Also: Trailbuilders. Bulldozers and Hydraulic Scrapers July, 1937 G ardnerD enver R X H orizontal A ir Com pressor i*tce. 1859 GARDNER-DENVER COMPANY Quincy, Illinois CHRDHER-DEnVER 723