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Proceedings of the NWWA/API Conference on Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Chemicals in Ground Water--Prevention, Detection and Restoration November 5-7,1984 The Intercontinental Hotel, Houston, Texas Sponsors National Water Well Association American Petroleum Institute Published by National Water Well Association 500 W. Wilson Bridge.Road Worthington, Ohio 43085 Produced by Water Well Journal Publishing Company 500 W. Wilson Bridge Road Worthington, Ohio 43085 DO 074387 CONFIDENT T Al TABLE OF CONTENT Conference Coordinating Committee...............................................................................i Acknowledgments........................................................................................................1 Abstract................................................................................................................................................1 i SESSION I PREVENTION OF GROUND WATER CONTAMINATION Industry Training and Education in Spill Prevention (...Detection and Response) --Fred E. Brostoff. ....................................................................................................................1 Qualitative Risk Assessment Applications to Hazardous waste Site Evaluations --M. P. Eichelberger, K. C. Bishop, and D. T. Mack.....................................11 An Underground Tank Spill Prevention Program --Daniel F. Predpall, Warren Rogers, and Alan Lamont......... 17 A Regulator's Perspective on Prevention of Leaks from Underground Storage Systems --marcel Moreau............................................................................................... ..............................33 SESSION II TRANSPORT AND FATE A. MIGRATION OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS AND ORGANIC CHEMICALS IN GROUND WATER Suasurtace Gasoline Migration Perpendicular to Ground Water Gradients: A Case Study --Donald K. Reichmuth. .................................. .........................................................................43 Migration, Entrapment and Treatment of Subsurface Qil Under Bank Inflow/Outflow Conditions Near a Major River --Kenneth A. Sylvester. .................................. .............................................................. S3 CO 0743RR CONFIDENT TA( 1i1 B. MICROBIOL DEGRODATION AND PHYSICOL/CHEMICAL TRANSFORMATION IN THE SUBSURFACE Piotransforrnat ion of Organic Micropol lutants in the Subsurface --Edward J. Bouwer. .................................................................................................... 86 Degradation of Petroleum Fractions from Oil Refinery Wastes: A Land Treatment Study --K.M. Bagawandoss, L.E. Streebin, J. M. Robertson, and P. T. Bowen................. ........................................................................................ 82 Influence of Chemical Species on Mobility of Subsurface Urganic Arsenic Contamination --Dennis E. Reece, Alan D. Husak, Robert I. Chapin, Edwin A. Woolson, and Paul J. Mastradone................................................... SS Determination of the Contaminant Source Strenqth from Mass Exchange Processes at the Petroleum/Ground Water Interface in Shallow Aquifer Systems --Hans-Qlaf Pfannkuch. ......................................................................................................ill C. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF GROUND WATER MODELS Modeling the Migration and Biodegration of Hydrocarbons Derived ft'orn a Wood-Greosot inq Process Waste --R. C. Borden, M. D. Lee, J. T. Wilson, C.H. Ward, and P.B. Bedient................................................... A Predictive Model for Pollution from Gasoline in 130 Soils and Ground Water -- flrtnur Baehr and M. Yavuz Corapcioglu...........................................................144 SESSION III DETECTION A. DETECTING AND DELINEATING UNDERGROUND SPILLS Leak Detection and Verification for Underground Tanks and Surface Impoundments -- Robert D. Morrison and John L. Irwin............................................................153 Remote Detection of Volatile Organic Contaminants in Ground Water Via Shallow Soil Gas Sarnplinq Donn L. Marrin and Glenn M. Thompson............................................................172 Use of the Electrical Resistivity Technique to Delineate a Hydrocarbon Spill in the Coastal Plain Deposits of New Jersey -f the New Jersey Coastal Plain: A Case Study Kari G. Andres and Robert Canace.................................................... 188 00 074389 CONFIDENTIAL iv B. GROUND WATER MONITORING PROGRAM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION Ground water Mom tor in q Well Network Redesign --Eric F. Wood and Dennis McLaughlin..................................................................198 RCRA Ground Water Monitoring Statistical Comparisons! A Better Version of the Student's f-Test --M. D. Miller ana F. C. Kohout..................................................................................10 Maximising the Statistical Performance of Ground Water Monitoring Systems --cauren Ross and Richard Elton.......................................................................24 C. ANALYTICAL techniques for contaminant identification Capillary and Packed-Column Gas ChrornatograDhy of Gasoline Hydrocarbons and EDB --Clifford J. Gruel 1 and George E. Hoag..........................................................34 Migration Rates of Volatiles from Buried Hydrocarbon Sources Through Soil Media -- Ramon E. Bisque.....................................................................................................................67 SESSION IV RESTORATION A. DESIGN AND OPERATION OF CONTAMINANT RECOVERY SYSTEMS is Physical Displacement of Residual Hydrocarbons a Realistic Possibility in Aauifer Resoration? Jonn l. Wilson and Stephen H. Conrad...........................................................74 Hydrocarbon Retrieval and Apparent Hydrocarbon rucknessi Interrelationshlos to Recharging/ Discharging Aquifer Conditions -- Paul, m Yarnaa..............................................................................................................................93 Recovery of Hydrocarbons from Limestone Aquifers anci the Danqers of Pumping Ground Water During Recovery Operations -- Joseph T. McNally...................................................................................................................330 Recovery of Petroleum Product Within a Complex Hydrogeo i oci i c Env i ronment Matthew G. Dalton, Ronald Wilson, and C. Hugh Thompson.... 344 Air Operated Pumping System for Recovery '->f Li ohter-Than-Water Contaminants --Tony Goael....................................................................................................................................... 333 DO 074390 CONFIDENTIAL Recovery of Suosurface Hydrocarbons at an Asphalt Plant: Results of a Five-Year Monitoring Pronram --M. J. O'Connor, A. M. Wofford, and S. K. Ray............................................ 353 Unique Technology Applied to the Cleanup of Hydrocarbon Product from a Low Permeability Formation in a Residential Neighborhood, bt. Paul, Minnesota --Michael R. Burke and Dan C. Buzea...................................................................377 Design of Hydrocarbon Recovery System, Miami Internetional Airport --Charles 1. Mansur and Jeffrey L. Fouse. . . ......................................400 B. THE ROLE OF ENHANCED BIODEGRADATION IN RESTORATION Accelerated Aquifer Restoration: In-Situ Applied Techniques For Enhanced Free Product Recovery/Adsorbed Hydrocarbon Reduction Via Bioreclamation -- Paul M. Yaniga and James Mu ley............................................................................ .... Oxygen Transport in Contaminated Aauifers with Hydroqen Peroxide -- R. A. Brown, R. D. Norris, and R. L. Raymond..............................................44i Aauifer Restoration Via Accelerated In Situ biodegradation of Organic Contaminants --Paul M. Yaniga and William Smith......................................................................451 C. CONTROL OF SUBSURFACE HYDROCARBON VAPORS Induced Soil Venting for Recovery/Restoration of Gasoline Hydrocarbons in the Vadose Zone --Michael C. Marley and George E. Hoag...........................................................473 Abatement of Hydrocarbon Vapors in Buildings --Lloyd E. Dunlap....................................................................................................................5^4 Practical Experience in the Management of Hydrocarbon Vapors in the Subsurface --M. J. O'Connor, J. G. Agar, and R. D. King...................................................519 n0 074791 CONFIDENT TAI. ----a*1 ir-T** "V*., * C ? RT f - O EPA-600/D-84-076 tPtcoic readT(uEuCsuHeNtuI-nCsAL** RthEePreOveRrsTe DfreAf'TtreAeomplcttnpi * 73 4 UTlC ANO SuBtiTte S. t*OnT DATE Mapping Sunken Pollutant Pools './ith Depth Finders 1904 . PEKfO^MING ORGANIZATION CODE AUTHORISI Raymond A. t*eyer and John E. Brugger 3 PERFORMING organization name and address ".ockv/ell International 2421 West Hillcrest Drive Newbury Park, CA 91320 u. sponsoring agency name and adoress Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory--Cin., OH Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati , CH 45258 is Supplementary notes Project Officer: John Crugger (201) 321-6634 B. PEHFOR IINC ORGANIZATION REPORT NO. 10. PROGRAM CUCMENT NO. C3RD1A 11. CONTRACT/GRANT no. 68-03-3014 t'3. TVP OP REPORT ANO PERIOD COHERED Paper 14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE EPA/60G/14 i6 abstract fany rjn^rocu^ substances and mixtures are imiscible with and mor* dt?nse tnan water. Wen spillages cr releases into waterDrdies occur, the hazardous materials will disperse in a pattern controllud by physical prcjA-rtiei; of the material, flow and dispersion effects, ard topograjihy ot tl- vaferbrty Led, Kipping (i.e., location and thickness determination) of the spilled substance is essential for prtfpt and ecoryjrucal removal to protect biota and ensure mirural contamination of waiter. Analysis oi the reflection patterns ot acoustic w^vc-s (<.*. 200 ).H*> beared into the water from a ts shewn in this and in previews work to serve as an excellent mapping technique. To properly plot pollutant pool location and depth, the coordinates of the beat position must aLso oe detetiMb^i, As the ^caustic pi is* passes thrrxjuh the water, pollutant, and sediment, reflected wave* are generated ot each interlace (warer/pnllutant; pollutant/sedintent). Lfcpth (thickrwiss) is cxnvuioo term acoustical paruwsters and teem tl* tut*s between the transmission ot the pulse and the Ociectir.n of tf*; reflected pulses (eebjes). Thu depth and precision ot detection is ultimately limited by tlw attenuation and disfx.rsion ot the echoes. By placing tin? transmitter/detector element at known a*-.tbs below the tjoat, dctectic*i depth is almost unlimited and tNt detectable thickness ol the ir.ilutar.t .,an fju as siroll as 1 cm. \ ! i ! When the project to map pollutants was initiated, no suitable CMimurcial devices wi*ro available. A very effective, (ratable, u*tu.*ry-op*raced prototyj^e system wa* constructed. Ihe reflection data {intensity v* tir) were displayed on an <**-board dujl-trace osci Moscri*? that hail time^Wlay features. Subsequently, a suitable ccrrwrcial system was test marketed and lias been successfully uiA-d in the field to locate creosote in a waterloly. Readout is on chart, jailer. The instnRnt is curated tr'm a ho*t, s/iich follows a scanning pattern at s^wed* up to H km/nr \% r^ih) lor gross evahwt;,n ann at rts.tt slower ^b-'-'ds for accurate nwasurcnwnts. Once a pool is heated, tin? {**sition can iv tizutin^-d by record t<<t Uk.* leadings frrjn a conductivity meter as tl*u sen'sor is lowered into (or r.H!<4J fc<d the wutcr body. Actual samples of tins (jnllutant can Ui Autoircd ay sranduid tecfim'T i*-n. W KEY WOUO$ ANQ DOCUMENT ANAtYStS J OfSCRPTOM5 1' IDENTIF It HS/OFfN ENDED TERMS i. COSATi | trld.'tiinup i' > ',t4 iu/i ra EELEA3E Tr L'3LIC ' "* ' " IV Uk CtMU T v f,| ASS ( t /m Krpttfli 'I11C17 33111 ED ?f Ct com f V CLA*$ t Ihit / / *HCL^^IFT?n Jl NO OE *<;fS 24 77 PR*CC D0 07439 CONFIDE1