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I MMBB-0B10S55 z< ii ii j i i i i i Industrial Hygiene Digest Hiteiatuie Qbstiacts MEDICAL ENGINEERING LEGAL - - decisions and trends tfniusfaial health 7leu>s Itiutd IfootUr By INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION 4400 FIFTH AVENUE PITTSBURGH. PA. inou'OUtMiOaAlTMIOrMaiH Vol. 4. FOUNDATION FACTS' foundation facta it a monthly nawt-lettar iaiuca to induvtriai concarn* holding mmbranlp in indurtrfal Hygiana foundation. Tha foundation la a combined raaoarch and aorvica institution to protect tha health of workart in induatry. May, 1942 BULLETIN! X No i -49 (9 :e Announcement is made of the appointment of Francis R. Holden, Fh.D., a spe cialist in healthful working conditions, as industrial hygienist on the staff of Indus trial Hygiene Foundation. He will assist companies associated with the Foundation in controlling employee health hazards which are increasing with peak war production. Dr. Holden, a physical and organic chemist, took his undergraduate work at Hobart College. He has specialized in industrial hygiene since completing his gradu ate studies at the University of Cincinnati in 1934. After a year at the Industrial Health Conservancy Laboratories in Detroit, working on hygienic problems in the auto mobile industry, he served as industrial hygienist for Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company for more than 5 years. For the past year and one-half Dr. Holden has been on the natrual gas fellowship at Mellon Institute, Pittsburgh. Dr. Holden will be in charge of industrial hygiene surveys for Industrial Hygiene Foundation. Industrial health problems in manufacturing are growing with the increased use of cherdcais, longer hours of work, intense war efforts, and the employ ment of women workers and older men. Old Member Re.lolns; Agencies Subscribe for Publications General Refractories Company, fonacrly affiliated with the Foundation, re sumed its membership last week. Meanwhile, the National Institute of Health, the NavyDepartment, the States of Indiana and Montana and the Cities of Detroit ana St. Louis have recently subscribed for Foundation publications. Nineteen states and four cities now receive this service. Throe educational institutions subscribe: Case School of Applied Science, Johns Hopkins University and University of Colorado, as well as three independent specialists in the field of industrial health -- Dr. J.W.G. Hannon, of Y.ashington, Pa., Dr. 2.R. Hayhurst of Columbus, 0. and Dr. C.O. Sappington of Chicago. These subscriptions, restricted to governmental and other non-industrial agencies, were created by the Board of Trustees, effective January 1 of this year. "Required Reading for Industrialists" Editorialized the PITTSBURGH SUN TELEGRAPH recently, "The report of Indus trial ftygicne Foundation, which maintains headquarters at Mellon Institute, should be required reading for industrialists; for increasing production tends to increase health...hazards in industry, and the Foundation is seeking ways to eliminate them." (This refers to the Foundation's section in Mellon Institute's annual report, copies cf which were distributed to members last month.) "First Things First" There has been a lot cf emphasis lately on employee "attitudes," "enthusiasm,p "morale," "cooperation," etc., but insufficient attention to employee health and safe ty. Nc opinion poll or attitude study is needed to show that healthful working condi tions are fundamental in harmonious employer-employe relations. More attention to this basic subject and there will be loss need for morale building. More attention to this subject and there will be fower manhours wasted, more production! 'SOUSTOiAL HYGlCNe fOUNOATiOi 4400 AirTH AVC I 90 HWBB-MHUVj / May, 1942. Voi. VI. -Vo. 5. Industrial Hygiene Foundation. 44CC Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa. Lego! Developments 437 Industrial Commissions* s Order Allowed to Become Final. Not Sub ject to P.cview. Duty of Commission to Hear and Determine Whether Award Paid. Petitioner sustained a compensable injury and was paid 12520. The State Indus trial Commission, after hearing held on application to roopon on the ground of change in condition, made an award for permanent total disability and fixed com pensation at $8400.00. On December 3, 1937, the order became final. Petitioner undertook to show that he and his guardian had not consented to the order of December 3, 1937, insofar as it directod payment of attornoys fees and also offer ed evidence tc show that there still remains some balance due and unpaid in the award. The trial conussicner sustained a danurrer to the evidence and failed tc make any finding as to what amount renainod due and unpaid on the award. This is the order under review. An award which is permitted to become final may net be thereafter reviewed by the commission cn the theory that the order was erroneous in some respect. Therefore, the trial commissioner proceeded properly when ho refused to reconsider the order of Doceaber 3, 1937. Howover, the trial commissioner misconceived the extent of responsibility which rested upon him when ho declined to ascertain whether payment of the award had been made as directed. The State Industrial Commission has the mandatory duty of hearing and disposing of claims arising under its jurisdiction on the merits. The order of the trial commissioner is vacated with directions to hear the evidence and to determine whether respondent has fully paid tho award, and to make an order appropriate to the facts found. Smith v. Oklahoma Portland Cement Company et al. Okla. Supreme Ct. Decided May 5, 1942. (CCH). 438 Injury Allegedly Due to Negligence. Steel Wool. No Inherent Danger. Simple Tool. Domestic Servant. Plaintiff, employed by the defendants as a domestic servant, asserts that she was injured through the nogligcnco of tho defendants. Tho negligence assigned is tho failure of the defendants to provide hor with reasonably safo, suitable and ado- quatc tools and proper and safe means of doing hor vrork. Particles of stool wool penetrated three fingers. No medical testimony was introduced by plaintiff. A motion was then made by tho defendants for a dismissal of the complaint. The court granted the motion. Thereafter, a new trial was granted. Dismissal of the comploint was proper. Tho article which plaintiff was using was a coraoon household appliance. It is not inherently dangerous. There was nothing which might cause tho dofendants tc- anticipate injury. An employee cannot predicate a cause of action based upon negligence against his eanployor, if he is injurod from HWBB-iiiui0V;8 Industrial Hygiono Digoat - 2. a defective simple tool. Order appealed from, reversed -.-nd the complaint di .--- 7-> missed. Adlam v, Konvalinka et al. IJ.Y. Supreme Ct., App. Div. lit Dept. Decided May 3, 1942. (CCHj. Industrial Health Hazards and Their Effects 439 Maintenance of Health in Chemical Industries. H.F. Smyth, Jr. Cham. Indus., SC, 514-016 {April, 1942). ' "Ir. proportion to the potential hazards of processes and products, few workers in the chemical industries receive injuries to health- This is particularly sur prising when orE considers that ail the accident hazards of the mechanical process es may be present in the chemical plant in addition to the dangers inherent in the raw materials themselves. However, in chemical processes fower men are need ed to produce a ton of product than in many other industries and there is loss human handling of that product. Thus, the particular tcxic and irritant proper ties cf chemicals are partly counterbalanced by less opportunity for contact be tween man and material. This matter cf contact is the crux of health maintenance in the chemical industry. Few measures other than reduction of contact '.vill pre vent injury to health." The toxicity of new chemicals produced by several cheo- ical manufacturers is tested before they are placed in full-scale production, largely by animal experiments. Judicious choice of animals gives the best cob- parison vxt 1: effects on human beings, and although animal results cannot be trans lated quantitatively into human effects, qualitatively the rosults are Tollable. The author discusses cumulative action and elimination, the methods of contact and of entry into the system of the various classes of injurious substances, and general methods of protection. Knowledge of hazards, adequate labeling and edu cation of v/orkmcn in health hazards are urged. 440 Potential Health Hazards of the Leather Industry. V/.J. McConnell, J.W. Fehnel and J.J. Ferry. J. Ind. Hyg. & Toxicol., 24, 93-108 (May, 1942). The authors report a survey of the physical environment of the leather industry, consisting cf a total of 62 plants, including tanneries, shoe, and miscellaneous leather goods factories. A brief description of procossos aaployed in tanning and making shoos and ether leathor goods is given, and real or potential health hazards incident to manufacturing processes aro discussed. Many of the hazards formerly associated with the industry have been eliminated by introduction of new and improved methods. The chief hazards remaining lie in the common use cf a wido variety of chemicals, including alkalies, acids, chrcwates, vegetable and synthetic tanning materials, oils, finishos, dyes, solvents, and other materials which may cause skin affections and systemic poisoning among workers either hand ling those materials or exposed to their vapers. In a amber of plants the con centrations of volatile vapors, especially benzemo, exceoded safety limits and were sometimes decidedly dangerous. Skin infoctions following snail abrasions and cuts are hazards particularly present in all tannery jobs. While the less dangerous pus-producing organisms usually arc the causative agent, the possibil ity of anthrax infection among workers handling hidos must not be overlooked. Many tannery workers are also exposed to varying temperatures and hmiditiee and wetnoss, which may bo influencing or contributing causes of illness. Practical measures for the safe operation of plant processes are outlined. The paper as a vholo is a thorough sxnmary of the hazards of the industry. <=>\ <: Industrial Hygiene Digest - 3. {?N 441 3illco3is in New Zealand. Report of a Case, with Histological Details and Chentfi ical Andy:is of the Lung. F.J. Gwynne. New Zealand Mod. ~, , 33. 132-136 (134-?rj A cose of silicosis in a llov.- Zc;iland gold miner is reported in detail. The iungs contained ash 77.09, combined silica 13.00, froo silica 9.50, -alumina 3.30, ^ ferric oxide a.14, lime 1.33, magnesia 0.55, phosphoric acid 10.33, and froo ca^ hen 4.00, mg. per g. dry lung. It was estimated that ono lung contained 1.05 g.* free silica and 1.43 g. combined silica. By the histological examination conduct ed in Death Africa and the chemical analysis of the lung performed in Australia it is shown that the lesions closely resemble conditions of silicosis scon in these co-entries. 442 Preunccor.iosis in the Talc Industry. F.W. Porro, T.R. Patton and A.A. Hobbs,Jr. Am. J. Roentgenol. 1 Radium Therapy, 47, 507-524 (April, 1542). literature pertaining to pneumoconiosis due to exposure to certain silicate dusts is reviewed. Fifteen cases of pneumoconiosis in talc workers .are reported, in cluding 5 autopsies. Disability cr death is directly attributed to the pneumo coniosis in 13 of the eases; of the remaining two, pneumoconiosis is contributory ir. one and incidental in the ether. The nature of the dust, symptoms, pathology, rocntgenographic findings, diagnosis, complications and prophylaxis arc discussed ir. some detail, with 17 illustrations and several tables. The authors conclude: (1) that pneijmoconi^cis causing disability and death does occur in talc workers, and (2) that oho disabling changes are principally due t*1 the talc itself. 443 Further Lung-Dusting Experiments. A.E. Barclay and others. Am. J. Roentgenol, x Radium Therapy, 47^ 36-2-367 (March, 1942). The authors report a continuation of work published in 1938, which was undertaken to determine the course of removal of large quantities of dust introduced into the lungs of cats. The dust was administered both by insufflation and by inhala tion. Roentgenograms were token before and after Introducing the dust and the iungs wore removed and exominod rcentgenographically and histologically after killing the animals. The dusts used were load glass, bismuth carbonate and un compressed flame gas carbon varying in finoness from 45 to 0.5 microns. The authors are not ready to draw final conclusions, but a few points are of interest. The amount entering the alveoli was small and never discernible with certainty in she rcentgcnjgrans. However, there was always seme dust in the alveoli as shewn by histological examination, and that point was not discovered in the oarlier report when less exact methods wore used. The alveolar dusting did not ran parallel with brcnchiclar dusting. Introduced dusts appear to collect in greater amounts in inflamed areas of the lung. Removal of dust from the alveoli was found to be rapid; sometimes alveolar dust cells ingostod dust particles within a few minutes of their introduction. Removal took place through the bronchioles, and cut on the layer of viscid mucus by the action of the cilia. There was no roentgenological evidence of deposition of dust in the bronchial lymph nodes, and this point seems to indicate that in healthy -animals the dust i3 net transferred to the lymph nodes to any great extent. The outstanding feature of the experi ments was the apparent existence of a defense mechanist preventing the entry of large quantities of dust into the alvocli. The lungs can also deal effectively with suspensions of active fungi. However, preexisting disease may well inter fere with the normal excretion of dusts and be a potent feature in the causation of industrial pulmonary complaints. One factor is the excossive watery secretion that may carry lust into the alveoli. 444 Lead Poisoning, K. Rc?l:h. Med. Klin., 36, 891-893 (1940). (German). The peculiarities cf load absorption md of the distribution of lead in the organ ism cause great difficulties in persons exposod to. lead. This is especially true in repeated load absorption. Various technical improvements have made poss ible extensive reductions in the danger of lead poisoning, but not oil possibili ties cf danger can be removed. HMHK-UU10560 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 4, 445 Trauma and other Occupational Factors in Tuberculosis. ?.A. vuaintance. lad. Med., U, 199-201 (May, 1942). Occupational environments, such -.s exposure to free silica, certain silicates, war gases, temperature changes, .-.ad physiological states, and mechanical and surgical trauma arc factors in the development :nd reactivation or aggravation of tuberculosis. The relation of trauma from industrial accidents to tuberculo sis is eft-n difficult to decide, but each case should be decided on its own mer its after considering all cssontial criteria for establishing an occupational relationship. Pro-cr.plcyracnt examinations aid not only in case finding, but also ir. prevention of the spread :f tuberculosis due to occupatienal factors. 446 Health Hazards in Pearl Sutton Industry. Queries and Minor Notes, j. An. Med. Assoc., 119, 222 (May 9, 1942). A v.'oman vrorking in a pearl button factory had respiratory symptoms, and less ef v;oight, v;hich raised the question whether they were due to hor employment. In 1920 Birge and Havens published the results .-f a survey of the industry (J. lad. Hyg., 2_, 31 1920), shewing that the general health of employees was gcod, but that "catarrhal conditions" wore ccmr.cn and that there wan a good deal of dust ir. spito of exhaust systems, No mere tuberculosis was found among employees than in the general population. Infections :f the hands and osteomyelitis of the bones of the hand and forearm wore not found. Pheumatlsm and indigestion wore common complaints. The cause of the symptoms described is undecided. 44? Milk as a Preventive of Lead Poisoning. Queries x Minor Notes. J.A*. Med. Assoc., 119. 115 (Hay 2, 1942). Milk has no specific action ir. preventing lead poisoning, but is an oxcellent supplementary dietary agent. The arguments for aniagain3t high daily milk intake for persons exposed to load poisoning, arc presented. The thorapoutic value of . the milk, if any, lies in its calcium content, and the effect of culciua is tho subject of controversy. The viewpoints of several authors on that point are pre sented. There appear to oc good reasons for stating that the use of milk for lead workers is most commendable, but not as the keystone of a program for the prevention of lead poisoning. 448 Paints and Multiple Sclerosis. Queries Sc Miner Notes. J. Am. Med. Assoc., 119. 116 (May 2, 1942). The question is whether multiple sclerosis in a spray painter is attributable to load poisoning. Tho reply lists the common symptoms of lead poisoning -- anemia, abdominal pain, headache, blue line on tho gun, arteriosclerosis, basophilic de generation of the red cells and lead deposits on the long bones, but there is no clinical or pathological proof that lead intoxication can cause multiple sclerosis. 449 Cadmium Poisoning. Div. of Industrial Hygiene, U.S. Public Health Service. Pub. Health Rcpts., 57, G01-612 (April 24, 1942). This is a brief but thorough review of the literature on cadoiun. poisoning, with 1C9 bibliographic references. The tablo of total msnber of cases is of interest; 346 cases in oil have been reported, of which 218 were contributed by Cangelosi in 1941. 450 Gasoline Intoxication. M.Z. Gross. Hygeio, 20^, 257, 293-295 (April, 1942). Ir. a paper reviewing current opinion the author points out that motorists, fill ing station operators, and industrial workers are increasingly exposed to gaso line fumes. Ir. addition to the factor of increased use, the changes in the chemical nature cf the hydrocarbons found in modem gasoline add to the health hazard. The findings of Machle, Hamilton and Fieldner arc revievred. The author gives a few typical cases of poisoning and describes the si^is and symptoms that may be expected in acute and chronic exposures. Industrie! Hygiene Digest - 451 Nitrogen Oxide Fumes. Treatment After Their Inhalation. V/.D. !-cNaliy. Ind.MocJS, II, zq 7-208 (May, 1942). Ido poisonous notion of nitrogen ozide fumes is that of nitrites produced by a their reaction with voter and v.ith thealkali cf the blood. Exposure to these f-imes is boconing more common v.ith theincrease in manufacture of nitric acid 33 and nitrates. The poison is insidious ns the effect nay not be produced for some hours or even days. The treatment recommended by the author includes inha* lotion of oxygon by catheters for 12 hours, followed by tent method oxygon inha lation, v.ith injection of saiygren and glucose in case cf severe edema. Recovery of serious cases has followed this treatment. Men who have been gassed several times are more sensitive tc the gases and should not rotum tc the sane work. The period of incapacity varies from 6 days to 6 voeks. The gases have also a nar cotic effect which may make the early s>optsms unnoticcable. The fumes nay be found wherever nitric acid i- used. 452 Trie Merit hylcnc. Industri-1 Tata Cheat T-Chom. 27. (Revised). Nat. Safety News, 45, 54, 56 (April, 1942). . This is a revision cf a Tata Sheet issued in 1930 and abstracted at that time, but the increasing use cf thi3 material and additicnal knowledge of its proper ties have called f:r a revision. Tho hazards of 'using trichlcrcthylcne includo poisoning thorough inhalation of the vapor, and dermatitis from contact with the liquid or vapor. It is similur to chloroform in general properties, and is used principally as a solvent for oils, greases and waxes. Authorities disagree as to the toxicity of tho vapor, but 1 part in 100 parts of air (53.6 mg. per liter) is .greed to be definitely narcotic. Seme states have set the maximum allowable concentration at 1/50 of that omcvait, 200 parts per million or 1.07 mg. per liter. Trichlorethylene has anesthetic effects but apparently doos net cause fatty de generation of tho liver. Acute symptoms includo drunkenness, dullness, irrita tion of tho upper respiratory tract, vomiting and unconsciousness, followed by diarrhea, headache, anorexia, vertigo, disturbed heart action and general illness. However, the effects do not appear to be cumulative. Contact with the skin should be avoided on account of drying cf tho skin and possible sensitization. Treatment includes immediate removal from the tides, artificial respiration if breathing has stopped, keeping the victim warm and calling a doctor. Preventive precautions involve a number of points in tho design and operation of degreasers, all with the purpose of preventing escape of the vapor. Speed, cleanliness of work, shape of -work, shook load and fullness of the tanks arc factors. Downdraft exhausts arc sometimes necossary. Contact with open flames and hot surfaces should be avoided. Men should not bo peroittod to enter sludge tanks to ronov the sludge. On large apparatus where entrance is necessary, hose masks should be provided. Exposure of the akin mu3t bo avoidod, and contaminated clothing should be removed at once and not worn again until laundered. Saployoes should have physical examinations regularly. * Approved hose masks and chemical cartridge respirators may bo used in temporary exposure to low concentrations of trichior- cthylene but they should not supplant a suitable exhaust system. 453 The Treatment of Acute Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning with a Report of Two Cases. B.R. Allison. Ann.~'l'ntcm. Med.. 16. 31-93 (January. 1942). Tv/c cases, of acute carbon totrachlorido poisoning are described, one by Inhalation, and the other, which was fatal, resulting from drinking a cleaning fluid. The most important factors in the treatment are the immodiate and continuous admin istration of calcium and glucose until evidences of intoxication and organic dana.je have disappeared. Insufficient attention has boon biven to carbon tetrachicride as a poison in textbooks and in teaching, and a plea is made for fuller recognition of its poisonous properties. Laws requiring proper labeling of pro ducts ccntuining carbcn tetrachloride are urged, and education cf its users is suggested. T3 0 .< = Industrial Hygiene digest - 5. a54 External Contact y.ith Mcnoethyl Ether of Diethylene Glycol (CerMtol 5olventj_. A.G. Crunch, H.F. Smyth, Jr. and C.P. Carpenter. *zzh.. Dcrmct. ^ Syphil., <, 553-559 (March, 1942). The anthers present experimental results bearing on the offert of external arpli cations of the mcnoethyl ether of diethylcnc glycol, often known under the trade nnjns of carbitcl solvent. In the r-tbit eye dilute solutions of this solvent are less irritating to the mucous m^ir.brane than ai.'.ilar solutions of glycerin, V.'hcn concentrated solutions arc kept in contact -with largo wounds in the rabbit flank extending into the muscular fascia, insufficient irritation to the tissue results to retard healing, and during as many as 23 days* contact no injury was observed from absorbed material. The- authors obtained indications that fewer persons have a cutaneous allergy to carbitcl solvent than to glycerin. As a sen sitizer of human 3kin carbitcl solvent may be regarded as equivalent to wool fat and cerate U.3.P. 455 Effect r.f Mercury Vapor Lamps on the Eye. Queries cc Minor Notes. J, Am. Med, .-.sscc., 119, 2 32 (May 9, 1942;. Mercury vapor lamps, when the rays ;ore directed into the eye, can cause an irri tating conjunctivitis and superficial punctate keratitis. The lights usod indus trially, however, arc usually very high and of insufficient intensity to cause irritation to the avorugo person. Blonds are more susceptible to such rays than brunets. Lcng exposure tc sun lamps without wearing goggles can cause the above symptoms and oven opacities of the cornea, 456 Study of Certain Epidemiological Features of Leptoscircl Jaundice in Baltimore. T.G. Ward and T.B. Turner. ,jr..J.Kyg., 35, 122-133 (January, 1942). _" The diagnosis of 8 cases of acute loptospiral jaundice in Baltimore from July, 1940, to June, 1941, led tc some epidemiological studies, involving over 800 persons. Positive agglutination tests for L. icterohncBsorrhcgica were obtained in 46 cases. Except the patients from the medical wards of 2 hospitals and per sons submitting son for routine serological tests, the selection was by occupa tion, and every case giving a positive test worked under unsanitary conditions where rats were common. Out of 8 other cases all but ono ware traceable to rats or to a polluted well. From these studies it was concluded that leptospiral jaundice occurs core frequently among residents of Baltimore than available records indicate. The risk of infection was highest in persons whose work brings them in contact with water subjected to pollution by rat urine. Poultry dressing and meat packing are twe occupations of this type. Wells subject to pollution by rat urine may serve as sources of human infection. 457 Some Medical Problems Encountered in Modern /dr Travel. J.W. Heim. J.Ind.Hyg. & Toxiccl, ," 24, 109-115 (May, 1942). The principal injurious effects of high altitude flying include those due to lack of oxygen and the mechanical effects of reducod barometric pressure. Both subjects are discussed, and experiments on oxygon deprivation are reported. The cumulative effect of repeated anoxia over a period of time is at least as impor tant as its effect in a singlo flight, and the experiments dealt with that phase of tho problem. Five college students wore exposed to on altitude pressure of 12,000 feet for 4, and later for 7 hours daily for 27 days. Tho usual mental and physical fatigue and other symptoms of singlo exposures were exporionced but there was no adaptation to conditions and no pomanent deleterious effects. It is recommended that flying personnel subjected to altitudes of 12,000 feet and above should utilize oxygon at all times during flights in order to maintain their efficiency, but also for the succeeding 24 hours. Tho bost suggestion for the solution of the anoxia and low pressure problems is the use of sealed aircraft compartments, within which artificial conditions may bo created and maintained* H M ijB - u U iB :j 6 2 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 7, '~ ' (-, 'O 45c Occupational Health Hazards in Aircraft Production. '.?. Russell and ?.?*. Iogrcig. hnr Med., 1_, Sli-616 (November, 1941) . ;a Many processes and operations in the manufacture of aircraft involve exposure t<r potentially harmful gases, f-jae3, dusts, vapors, chemical* and skin irritants. * These processes include the ".king of wood and plaster patterns for dies; the * pouring of lead and nine di. for drop hammers, which form duraluminum sheets inP to required shapes; the construction of jigs, or racks, for assembling parts; the cleaning and plating of metal parts; the preparation of control cables and elec tric vlring; the painting of parts, subassemblies and planes, -'nd the preparation of rudders and moveatie wing parts from cloth, v.-hich is treated with a nitrate dope. The aircraft engine manufacturing industry is not included in the scope of the paper. The hazards of each of those operations are discussed, and suitable protective devices and precautions are recommended. 459 Deforming arthritis Found Among Compressed Air Workers. G.N. Edscn. Quoted in 1-bor Stands., 5_, 7-6 (Jznuary-Fobruary, 1942). _ The ordinary caisson disease, or "bends", is net the only form of disability en countered by men v.ha v.-ork under compressed air. Examination and observation of many caisson workers show that they may dcvclcp diseased bones and jointo, cul minating sometimes in disabling arthritis. Incomplete decompression results in 0 accumulation of nitrogen gas in the bones, and there is no tost tc shew whether decompression is complete. The accumulation of nitrogen causes eithor blocking of the artery or stepping the bleed supply by direct pressure in the bone cavity. Under those conditions death of part of the bene occurs. This dead bene can be definitely shown in x-rcy pictures and its x-ray appearance is very characteris tic. This process occurs mostly in the extremity bones because they are highest in fatty marrow. If the necrosis borders on a joint, it leads gradually to ab sorption, collapse and new bene formation, ending in deforming arthritis. 460 Industrial Fatigue. Meyer Drown. Pamphlet, published by Zurich General Accident and Liability Insurc-nce Co., Chicago, April, 1942. 18 pp. The atfthor reviews and s-onmurizes the literature on industrial fatigue first giving Vernon's distinction between physiological and industrial fatigue, in that the latter is partly physical and partly mental. The factors affecting fatigue, including personal health, non-occupationul influences, working environment, noise, lighting, morale, and monotony, are discussed. The studies on effect of length of the working day and week on production arc reviewed, and absenteeism, accidents, labor turnover, spoilage and errors are given as additional results of fatigue. Reat periods and control of non-occupational disability are discuss ed as additional factors in the prevention of fatigue. A bibliography is included. Methods of Detection end Determination 461 The- .-nr.iysis of Atmospheric Samples of Explosivo Chemicals. ?.K. Goldman. J. Ina. Hyg, k. Toxicol. , 24, 121-122 (May, 1942T. Electrically operated equipment is unsafo in the sampling of many explosives, and sampling is thus limited to the gas sampling bottle and the midget impinger. Color reactions and brief methods of analysis for the following explosives and intermediates are recommended: diphcnylanine, mercury fulminate, nitroglycerine, ?2TN (peutnorythrite tetranitrate), dimethylaniline, tetryl, mono-oil (nononitrotcluene), DNT and TUT. HHBB-001B56*i' Industrial fygiene Digest - 8. 4-52 A Laboratory Apparatus for Studying Settling Rite and Fractionation of Dusts. JHeuberger and !!. Turner, Phytopathology. 32, 156-171, (1942j. " n~ The construction of an apparatus suitable for the study of the settling rate of dusts is described. 452 A Method for Determining Tnscturatcd I-r/drocarbons in the Air. D.P. Seaderikhina Irudyilcskov. S^nit. Inst. ir. Zrismano, ?p. oc-iCl (1529)"T (Russian). The methods of Hucbi, Honus _nd Poseaund for the analysis of unsaturated hydro carbons in the air '..-orv found to give inaccurate results on such materials as chloroprcne, pscudobutylene ;.nd biviayl, the errors sometimes running as high as 15 to 2D/U. The author proposes a colorimetric method for determining very small concentrations of unsaturated hydrocarbons in the c.ir, based on their ability, in glacial acetic acid solution to produce in the cold a yellow color in tho pre sence of diaactiaod- p-phonylenediamino sulfate. The color is stable for 20 min utes. This method ecu bo used for the analysis of chloroprone and bivinyl. Control Methods 464 Physics and Protection Against Industrial Dust. X.L. Gocdall. J. Sci. Instru ments, 19,~33-40 (March, 1942). The various old and now instruments for determining dust are described briefly, with illustrations. Protective measures against industrial dust are treated briefly. Fire and explosion risk3 from industrial dusts are discussod. 465 Ventilation Requirements for Radium Dial Painting. W.C.L. Hoaeon and H.D. Evans. J. Ind. Hyg. L. Toxicol., 24, 116-120 (May, 1942}; Heat. &Vcat., 39, 23-26 (May, 1942). ^ The recent unprecedented aemand for luzincus dials for aircraft instruments and other war machines has engaged the attention of industrial health authorities on account of the hazards of the occupation. Tho authors discuss tho ventilation phase of the problem, loading to recommendations which ensure a radon concentra tion below 10*^d curio per liter of air. They include an exhaust rate of 50 c.f.m. in the booths, alternative specifications fer storing and drying cabinots, location of painted dials so that tho raden formed is withdrawn by local exhaust or diluted to a safe concentration, and opening sealed paint containers only in side c hood or ventilated cabinet vrhen they have been soalod for sevoraL hours. 466 Loos Toxic Substitutes for Matoriais in Industrial Use. S. Moskowitz. N.Y. State Ind. Bull., "21^ 115-118 (March, 194T;. . The manufacture of self-oealing gasoline tank3 requires the use of neoprene ad hesive, for which the usual solvent is benzene. Serious exposure to benzene was found ir. a factory producing such tanks, and a number of the employees were suffering ill effects. Substitution of toluene for benzene and installation of exhaust ventilation resulted in marked improvement in health and alertnoss of employees. The aircraft and airplane parts industries arc large consumers of tcluono, and sometimes it is difficult to obtain n3 a paint thinner. Some thin- ners arc high in benzor.e and tho composition is net always correctly stated. Such thinners should bo analyzod and are being analyzed by tho New York Deport ment of Industrial Hy^onc. Solvents high in benzene should not be used in the aircraft industry vritheut thorough vontilaticn, and it is simpler and less ex- ponsivo to use toluene, for which the vontilatioa requirements ere less stringent.  rv\ :>: Industrial Hyciono li'xst - 9. 'O In the paper and in on editorial following, it is made plain that thore is no lav: prohibiting tho use of benzene, as erroneously stated in seme newspapers, but that the ventilation rccuiranents arc severe where benzene is used. ' 1 467 Ventilation as a Means to r_revent Silicosis ir. Ontario Gold Mines. C, $. Gibson^ Presented at Annual ideating of Canadian Institute of lining, Toronto, March 9, s; 1942. Multigrophed. 36 pp. The report covers an extensive study of ventilation in Ontario metal mines. In the survey of each nine 1-0 to 200 dust samples were taken with the konimeter at locations chosen to shew most decisively the effects of ventilation. In nine3 depending only cr. natural ventilation, whether single or duel entry, shallow or deep, the greatest amount cf dust was at the lowest levels and where the dust was generated, showing that it was net effectively removed, although in deep mines natural ventilation is at its best. Natural ventilation is improved by deer con trol, and cno cf the surveys demonstrated that point by dust counts when doors in the natural pathway were left open. Controlled forced draft in a deep mine re duced the dust concentration at all points tested to below 200 particles (under 5 microns) per cc. (tho konimeter results cannot be absolutely correlated with impinger figures, but the figure of 200 particles per cc. is abcut the formally accented safe limit corresponding tc 10 million particlos per cubic feet with the impinger.) In nines with natural ventilation only, the dust concentration v.-as in several eases ubeve 10C0 particles per cc. In Ontario mines, typography does not f-'vor natural ventilation, ao there is usually not more them 100 feet difference in height between inlets -and outlets. Mechanical vontilation is being used in a number cf mines and its use should be oxtendod. Heating of the intake air is sometimes necessary in winter. A number of mines now use shafts to de liver air to the bottom levels, so that the fresh uir i3 available for dust remov al and cooling at the working face, and dust and excess moisture are driven up and out of the mine. This plan also allows sone surface raises to bo kept open in vlntcr, and keeps fresh air in service channels at all tines, which is espe cially important in ease of fire. Several moans of accomplishing downcasting shaft methods arc described. Timber exposed to tho moving air becomes dry and should be kept mcist. The effect of method of storing on ventilation is discuss ed, and .arguments for mechanical ventilation in tho stopcs are presented. Most dust in the sto;.c.3 is caused by percussion drills, and good ventilation should be sup;lamented by the use of .lust control devices on the drill itself. Next in order of dust production ;.ro secondary blasts, slushing and hand shoveling, and the custineso of these operations is being decreased. Primary blasts ore no longer fired during tho shift. Control chutes and dumps to passes ore totally enclosed in some mines. Underground crushers should be completely enclosed and evacuated, with filtration of the air. There is no exact method for determining the voimo of o.lr required for ventilation. Experience and dust counts aid in riving estimates. Typos and duties of fans in service ore listed in a table, with a rough estimate of cost. Auxiliary ventilation of dead ends and other places inaccessible to ordinary vontilation arc discussed. 458 Air Conditionol Chemistry Laboratory Docs its Part in Winning the War. L.T. Avory. Heat., Pip., u Air Tend., 14, 295 (May, 1942). In one cf the rooms in a Chemistry laboratory for an industrial plant engaged in war production, temperatures must be varied ovor a range of 68 to 86 F. and relative humilities from 35 to 65 per cent. Air requirements of tho exhaust heeds also complicate the problem--. The scheme used for air conditioning in volves a refrigerator compressor for cooling, atecm coils for heating, a pan type humicifier, and a silica gel machine for dchunidificaticn -- thus, separate con trol of temperature and humidity is provided. --- Hunting of the room temperature curve on tho heating cycle was aorrcctod by using an anticipating type of control, ^uthcr* s summary. Industrial Hygiene Digest - 10. 1 469 Protecting life, Property end Production in the Foundry Industry During the War. Anonymous. Foundry, 70, 11C (May, 1942). A code of recommended practices developed by the Industrial Hygiene Codes Com mittee of the American Foundr-ynica' s Association is presented. The coac was developed at the suggestion of the Office of Civilian Defense and has beer, r^vic cd and passed by tr.at office. It proposes practices, rules and admonitions de signed to prevent the serious curtailment cf production in the foundry industry through 3'obversive activities or actual bombings. 470 Maximum Efficiency from Modem Soui'omont for Collection of Dust. Anonymous. Concrete (Cement kill Zditien), e0_, 5, 166 (1942)"i A characteristic of all cener.t plant dust is its small particle size. This is true of both the rav.- materials and the finished product. The collection of the dust carried by uiln gasos is the most difficult problem faced by the industry, in a large part due to the large volume of gases involved. One investigator re ports that the average particle size of the dust encountered i3 1 micron (C.C01 nr..), A discussion of the- use of various dust collecting systems includes (1) the filter type; (2) the mechanical types; (3) washing systems, and (4) electro- static systems. 471 Study of the Effects of Various Typos of Gas Masks on Working Capacity. T.Bruce and 3. Helonaer. Noreisk. Med., 2, 1131-1187 (1940). forking with a gas mask results in oxygen debt, in other words raises the oxygen requirement above that normally incident to the work dene. This increase is attributed to the dead space of the mask and to the resistance of inspiration and expiration. Masks v.lthout an expiratory volvo (in which the expired air is forced out or. the cheeks) bring about a less marked ri3e in oxygen debt than those with an expiratory valve, although the latter exert less resistance to respiration. The use of both inspiratory and expiratory valves gives the lowest increase in oxygen debt. Practice in the wearing of masks is of great significance in di minishing respiratory difficulties. The oxygen debt can be diminished more and more by practice in wearing the mask until almost basal values aro reached. 472 A Mask Apparatus which Provides High Oxygen Concentrations with Accurate Control of the Percentage of Oxygon in the Inspired Air and Without Accumulation of Car bon Dioxide. A.L. 3orach and M. Eckmnn. J. Aviation Mod.. 12. 39-52 (1941). The mask apparatus is described in which an air injector is used to provide known percentages of oxygen in the inspired air, accurately controlled by a dial of the apparatus. It is recommended for clinical oxygen therapy, and also in cormoreial and military aviation, at altitudes between 10,000 and 33,000 feet. It is econ omical in the use of oxygen and offers no resistance tc broathing. 473 Heat Pain Through Walls and Poofs as Affected by Solar Radiation. F.C. Houghten and others. Heat., Pip., Air Cond., 14,, 306 (May, 1942). Design heat gain rates for 11 walls and 13 roofs at various orientations are re ported in thi3 paper based on experimental observations conducted in an 18 x 18 x 8 ft. high exposed cubicle. Results indicate that with minor variations the heat flow through cast, south and north walls was 83, 75 and 46 per cent, respectively, of that of the west wall. -- Authors' sunr.iary. 474 Determining Sound Attenuation in Air Conditioning Systems. D.A. Wilbur and R.P. Simons. Heat., Pip., k Air Cond.. 14, 317 (May, 1942). The requirements are stated for a basic method of determining attenuation. A detailed description of a method satisfying theso conditions is given with exper imental evidence to show the necessity of requirements and the degree to which they arc met. The results of the application of this method to straight unlinod HWBB-00UJ567 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 11. ducts show that attenuation in this cose is less than C.2 db per foot except in the regions of panel resonance of the duct walls, and except for high frequen cies in snail ducts. -- Authors' sure.ary. Industrial Medical Practice 475 Modi cal and Surgical Service ir. a Large Plant. J.K. Chivers. Ind. Med., 11. 2CS-211 (May, 1942). The functions cf a nodical department in a large plant (5,000 or more employees) ..rc described. One point emphasized is that the personnel of a medical depart ment should be large enough to render individual care to every employee who needs the service of that department. Persons! service cannot be rendered on a nas3 production basis. The field of industrial medicine and surgery is sufficiently important to warrant full-time service at an attracxivc salary. The author be lieves that a first-aid kit should consist only of sterile dressings, bandages, a tourniquet, a bottle of boric acid solution for caustic eye bums and nothing mere. Other material in incompetent hands may complicate the injury. It should be understood that the simplest first aid is to he given and the patient taken at once to the paysician. Some common sources of contamination should be for bidden and nurses should bo trained in aseptic handling of injured parts. In dis cussion of the general duties of the department, the plant physician's interest in ncn-occupational diseases, his relation with the private physician, the con fidential nature of reports, the author aggrccs substantially with many others whose papers havu been suzmarized, Ho believes that the same kind of service can be conducted :t a plant with only 5C0 employees. 473 Industrial Health in Wartiiie. M.N. Novquist, Ind. Med., 11. 23^237 (May,1942). Ir. 1940, occupational deaths increased by 10& with an increase of 2 to ^ in total employment> and disabling injuries incrcasod accordingly. Twelve factors of increased accidents, and of impaired health, which is not included in the statistics, but mu3t be considered, arc given: (1) inexperienced workers; (2) increasing numbers of women workers; (3) greator nmber of physically handicapped; (4) lack of general physical fitnoss; (5) lack of adequate safety moasuros and instruction; (6) speeding up of machines and production processor beyond optimum human rhythm; (7) overcrowding; (8) unhealthful writing conditions; (9) fatigue (discussed at some length); (10) inddequate nutrition; (11) disturbed transporta tion and home living conditions; (12) epidemics. The nine rcaedies suggested for these factors tncludo safety organization, first aid and medical facilities, ade quate health servlco, arrangement of work hours for maximum production without ir.pairaent of health or efficiency, keeping adequate records of accidents, hoalth and absenteeism, encouraging rest, diet and recreation for the worker, and a few others that arc obvious. 477 Industrial Health Program. Organization and Cost, A.G. Kcmmer. Ind. Med., 11. 21 &-118 (May, 1342). ' The general procedure in conducting physical examinations and recording and using their results at the Indiana Harbor v/orks of the Inland Steel Company is describ ed. The annual cost of the program, -about *25,000, is analyzed. Industrial Hygiene Digest - 12. 473 Outline of Procedure for Physicians in Industry. Council cn Industrial Health. J.A.L1.A., .18 395-396 iMarch 14, 1942;. The Council on Industrial Health has prepared this outline as a convenient refe once and guide for physicians interested in industrial medical relationships. The objects of promotion of health and physical well-being of industrial employ cos should be accomplished by: (1) Prevention of disease or injury in industry by establishing proper medical supervision over industrial materials, processes, environments, and 'workers; (2) Herlth conservation of workers through physical supervision and education; (3) Medical and surgical care to restore health and earning capacity as promptly as possible following industrial accident or disease. The duties and relationships of the physician in industry are outlined. 479 The Health of the Executive. H.C. Knbein. In.d. Med., 11^ 218-221 (May, 1942). The author 'uses the word executive in the brood sense cf cne who earns his liv ing largely by the uso of Ms mind, and explicitly includes ell professional workers. The importance cf health measures for our industrial workers has been recognized, and disease and accidents have been greatly reduced by such measures, but nc such herlth rocord can be credited tc the executive's side of the ledger, and it is .nly recently that any attention has been given to the health cf the executive. The life span has been greatly lengthened over the last 150 years, but the incidence cf diseases of the cardiovascular system has increased. Among professional non, these diseases account for a high percentage of deaths (62$ among physicians who died in a particular month). Physical examination of 176 executives revealed hypertension in 13$, duodenal ulcer in 18$, and coronary sclerosis cyphilis, gout, sigacid or rectal polyp, diabetes and carcinoma in per centages ranging from 2 to 7. Hypertension, sclerosis and ulcers have the high est incidcnco in persons under heavy emotional strain. Many executives who were examined were noted as nervous and high strung, physically and mentally exhausted, smoked too much, had not had vacations, etc. Smoking habits are discussed at some length. The quostion of the effect of tobacco on health is not absolutely proved, but the general evidence is that excessive smoking, at least, shortens life, and most executives smoke excessively. Excessive use of alcohol is not common among executives, and the effect of its moderate use is undecided. The author believes that mcro people die of excessive eating than of excessive drink ing, and is more concerned with the abnormal conditions that lead to drinking than with its detrimental effect. Periodic examinations for all executives should be at least as thorough as those for workmen, and history and present habits should be carofully considered. Frequent short vacations arc advised, rather than one long period, and they should provide real relaxation not strenuous golf games or driving. In the author's opinion the summer is the poorest time for vacation. In the present national emergency, speed must be incroascd oven more, but there is no quostion that this speed will have deleterious offects. More over, the difficulties will not end with the war, and keen minds and sound bodies will bo needed mere than -^ver. Pauses for rest and relaxation are needed. 480 Reduction of Industrial Absenteeism by Prcscasonal Immunization Against Catarrhal fllnossl M.R. Brady. Am.J.Mod.Sciences. 203. 469-473 (April, 1942). ` In a large chemical factory 95C persons were inoculated with a mixed anti-influ enza end common cold vaccine containing local strains. Absenteeism due to catarrhal illness in this group compared with an uninoculatod group showed a re duction of 34.1$ in the r.uaber of days lost. The total absenteeism from catarr hal illness in tho factory in 1941 was compared vith that of the previous year and a substantial reduction in the mxaber cf days lost was recorded. Tho rate of absenteeism per 1000 was recorded for 3 groups from January to March in 2 years and the peak absenteeism from catarrhal illness in each group was found to occur in February. * .1 > -- O'. Industrial Hygiene Digest - 13. H H aff-U U 10'j69 481 Absenteeism in Fifteen Wisconsin Plants During 1940. Wisconsin State Bcr.rd of Health. (1941). Fifteen plants reported oil disabilities of one day and over. ~n average of 5517 males and 675 famnios were included in the study. No salaried workers v;cr included. The statistical analysis of this absentee data is presented in three different ways: (1) Frequency -- annual number of absences per 1,000 em ployees; (2) Disability -- annual days lost per 1,C0C employees; (3) Severity -- number of days lost per case. Data is presented in the form of tables and charts which show the relative importance of the various causes of absence and the var iation by month, sex, and department. Charts ore also presented to compare the plants as to various causes of absence. 482 Disabling Morbidity Among Industrial `.Vorkors, Final Quarter of 1941. U.M. Gqfafer. ~ Pub. Health r.-.'pts., 57, 586-589 1 April 1?. 1942)T The final quarter of 1941 was marked by high incidences of bronchitis, diseases of the stomach except cancer, and appendicitis, end the rates for each of these causes are the highest yielded `Taring the past 10 years. The following rates for the entire year ere the highest in the 10-ycar period and arc in excess of the IC-ycar average by the percentages given: pneumonia, 42; bronchitis, 33; appen dicitis, 24. The rate for all disabilities, 101.8, is the highest recorded for the IC-ycar experience, the rate being 12# in excess of the 10-year mean. 483 Nutritional Fitness Surveys in Industry. 0.0. Sanpington and A.J, Pacini. Xnd. Med., U, 201-203 "(May, 1942). " The next significant advance in industry is the improvement of the health of the worker through better nutrition and every indication suggests that the advance can outdo in economic advantages the tested and approved values derived from accident prevention. The first step in initiation of corrective measures is fact finding. A procedure for fact finding i3 suggested, including nutritional charts, record of worker's diet, chocking weight and height, and use of a bio-photometer. 484 Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. Course Outline and Digest of Lec tures given in Cooperation with the National Conservation Buroau. Center for Safety Education, New York University. Mimeographed, 200 pp. 1941. Price #1.25. This volume contains full outlines and abstracts of the course in Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, given at Now York Univorsity in the Spring Somoster cf 1941. The course is divided into the following units, each corrosponding to one lecture given by an -authority in the field: (1) occupational dis eases, their nature, incidence and prevention (an introduction to the course); (2) dusts; (3) metallic poisons; (4) toxic gases; (5) toxic organic solvents; (6) dermatoses and venoroal diseases; (7) other factors affecting industrial health; (8) miscellaneous exposures and 3ick absenteeism; (9) air sampling methods and analyses; (1C) occupational disease engineering control methods; (11) porscnel protection equipment; (12) ventilation; (13) plant surveys, Industrial process es and operations; (14) legal phases and (15) medical control and industrial health education. Space docs net permit abstracting the individual lectures, but the publication should be valuable for any school or organization ^ving similar courses as well as for reading for general information* Some of the individual lectures have been abstracted in this Digest. 485 The Background of Incustrial Medicine. L. Vaccaro. Nat. Safety News, 45. 34 (May, 1942). The earliest priest-physicians of Egypt practiced safety and industrial medicine as proven by the Edwin Smith papyrus. Dr. Vaccaro presents a review of ancient literature showing that the existence of occupational diseases was woll known in ancient times. t HWB6 0tfl057ti" Industrial Hygiene digest - 14. 486 Workers' Health Education. Z. G. Pritchard. An. J. Pub. Health, 32, 395-4-30 (April, 1942). Health education for v.'orkers, and for adults in general, bus lagged behind activ ities directed to health of infants end children. The average worker has very meagar ideas about general health care, and ho relies on patent medicine adver tisements rather than sound medical kncv.ledge. The need for health education is increasing on account of the aging of the population, but only a snail number of employers arc trying to meet it. Some government and other organizations have published some health information for workers, but it is limited in scope and not r.iv;oy3 in language that will interest those tc wham it is directed. The author describes means now being pursued by the U. S. Public Health Service, espe cially by the distribution of a series of leaflets, covering 10 occupational haz ards and 10 nan-occupational diseases, written briefly in a style appealing to the average worker. The titles of these issued so far include "Leonard's Appen dix and How it Burst," "KO by CO Gas," "Clara gives Bonzoi the Run Around." Copies are supplied free to state agencies and the others sold. In addition to the leaflets, pesters, photographic exhibits, electrically transcribed radio programs and a motion picture arc foaturos of the general program. 4c7 > Visiting Nurse Service for the Small Plant. L. Harmon. lad. Med., ll^ 238-239 (May, 1942). ' The method of selection, routine performance, duties and alms of nurses acting under the plan of the Visiting Nurse Association are described. Nurses for par ticular plants arc selected by the Association on the basis of experience and preparation. The nurses duties vary somewhat with the size and nature of the plant, but in general include first aid to accidents occurring when she is in the plant, seeing all employees who were given first aid since her last visit, interviewing employees who have been ill, general observation of working condi tions, cooperation with the physician and reports on the number of workers re cciving her various services. Since the beginning of this program nc plant has decreased the number of the nurse's hours or cancelled its contract with the Association. Cn the other hand the work has almost always increased in facilities and importance. 483 The Application of Mental Hygiene to the Problems of the Industrial Nurse. Meyer Brown. Ind. Med., 11_, 97-100, (February, 1942). _ One field in which the industrial nurse can be helpful is in the recognition and amelioration of slight riontal disorders before they become serious. It must be recognized that such disorders aro diseases and not occasions of disgrace. Thero arc throe types of mild disturbances: (1) the nervous or mental disorder which is not severe enough to require hospital care but which can become so if it re mains untreated; (2) minor disorders which rarely becomes severe enough to re quire institutional core and v;hich can be relieved wholly or in part by prompt and suitable nodical care; and (3) those -which show some emotional or mental mal adjustments. The nurso can be of assistance with all three classes of patients and others with minor abnormalities by broadening her knowledge of psychiatry and by shoving sympathy and understanding tov/ard v/orkers in the course of her treat ment of physical injuries, and in gonorol contacts. 489 Bulletin of the Czechoslovak Medical Association. Czechoslovak Research Insti tute, London. No. 1, 28 pp. 1941. In this small pamphlet well-known experts give a good picture of work now being done in Great Britain by Czechoslovaks. It also includes an article by J.Loowy and W. Rocht on health 3ervicos in the Czechoslovak Republic during the 20 years of its existence. One object of the government has been the improvement of the health of laborors, and research on labor conditions has boon ccnductod by govern ment agencies and by the loading universities. d *: / -j S' S Absenteeism 48C-431 Aar conditioning chemistry labcrotory 463 Aircraft industry occupational hazards 458 Adr travel medical problems 457 Arthritis compressed air workers 459 Bismuth lung dusting experiments 443 Cadmium poisoning 449 Carbixol solvent effect on skin 454 Carbon tetrachloride poisoning 453 Cement industry dust collection 4TO Chemicals, explosive analysis 461 Comnrcssod air occupational diseases 459 Dermatitis carbitol solvent 454 Dust collection 470 fractionation 462 lung experiments 443 protection 464 Eye hazards mercury vapor lamp 455 4' INDEX (May, 1942) Fotifrue g?.s masks industrial i?l 460 Foundrv industrv code of practices i69 Oas'-'line intoxication 450 Health, industrial education executives maintenance morbidity Heat Swlar radiation 486 479 439 482 473 Hydrocarbons, unsaturnted air analysis 463 Industrial hygicno loss toxic substitutes 456 locturos 484 Industrial medicine history 435 nutrition 483 plant service 475 program 477-478-489 Lead lung experiments 4ri3 multiple sclerosis 449 poisoning 444 preventive therapy -447 Leather industry hazards 440 Lentosoiral icundice epidemiology 456 Nitrogen oxides therapy 451 Nursing, industrial 487-488 Oxygen mask apparatus 472 ;= a Pnint industry multiple sclerosis 446IX Fwr.rl button Indus trv health hazards 446 Pneumoconiosis talc industry 442 Radium ventilation require- ments 435 Silicosis case report, Now Zealand prevention Sound 474 441 467 Talc industrv pneumoconiosis 442 Tri chloret hylene 452 Tuberculosis trauma and other occupational factors 445 V.ar industries health 476