Document Eqy901dLgmbzz57mXznvn8vV0

Maximum Daily Intake of Lead Without Excessive Body Lead-Burden in Children any6- King. PhD. Ctacuraaii Ttot* Mil 'fvngMOfml KM had H tantihirtd u e p m mi mum My pwadiMM* ir.ute (DM| turn 3 mni Mr Mm It Vn itnqi Mute teuitt Umm Mb atot. tea Mb* nnmt mm in 1M and acnnwu'tthn in tea kady angbn TMt nl Imimm magulnb Mug M DMhM MgaKMi nmtattM. Vte DM Im tew UWIahcd ante* bashilbMU UK M MIMM MNMWl and UMMg Mtitel MAilKtg Mil Ml Irani hta oat Mteg Ml of mmH MM lagaa- Imi lg Mik tam bs ntemn m mmmk ton >Mi>|U n*m af Irmwicg mi b MbUMMn > Mmmm In MH Mite Mdaf MMM MWtan, and Mascha had gab Mag.Tha Mat l tte BM b ptaanlaa si bun MM OMMfsMiM af health M *M- TTaavtodga af (ha UmltteS' *ln a x tbr laad lauka la aneniial for tha control af laad patoanlag in rhildm. AecocCngly. aa ad hat enmalitai vaa appaiatad la aaiablltb a dally fanalaiiUa lauka (DPI) Hu mold aarva aa a eafanaea baaa bt davatoping mun hr praroatlon at laai paUaeiag la cMdraa. Intake it deilaad u the aamiu al laad ta gamet ta tha diet and aaafaad nbmam, aatf tba tawant retained la Napimafy aacfcangt. Tba eoadoaton af tha a< baa cammhtaa la that tha aalaa ftr a dally ptrmtoiible total laad iatakt from all w imi for chil dren il JQQyg. Tha DPI in bund upon iuch data ai art available. Thaaa iacludi level* of laad ia tha blood af aancxpoied and aapaaad chiltlrw and af thou with bank toad pollening; the n i.Iu of experimental toad iagutiaa by adatoac mvtiurcminu af fc:t'. oitp.: af toad la axpooed aad ar.:.-,-po*d chOdrea; tha initial oifer-i of ineroaiod tend tattler, ratal of inmate la levfb af laad ia the bleed of expeaad chldren; aad Mgwtao of toad pataaatag. ay at MtiiMgMtoidaiilteBnnlini 1 MW W IMmMi ntennoMjuin town m. MmJ till* gMauil umibr. gbgi. dtdsfM on Tba DPI abeuld preclude arcsnislattoa af toad nncrvaot in tht total body bardoallaa child between 13 month* aad M mai.tM af ago. aa wall u in elder children. Tho moct critical <;c for expoaoia of a ch&d through tage*- tiaa af paint, potty, and nthat land* aoBtolalag nonfood anuriali to mu- aQy I to 3 yctr* of aga. Lento af toad la the Wood of gfcg/100 ml oT whole Wood and shau a an aaaaidarad evidence af nr.d albaarptiaa ortoad.' hereto or toad in the btoad an aiawd in tarma af the tear J Dto CkOd/Val IStOct Utl Uadteukt/KMg U OQ07-SKP--037084 im92Sr ToMo 1.--Oemo Gemporiuvo UiHurereoMi: Child ond Adult r A|l|Sf|WI| "Ibmnumi - - o mh o mm motm/m */**' cmntauW fCawno/M no awmiMiOHi a i i ** IU III VI"1 ' ""MI" am % own' IdJI" 1 " "S ' II . u- .."TM""... 11 " `If at ca no IM IM un am V iur --utr 1 UIII* ... 00 .* m <wmi to* *3dhfMib*to) tautoTmow)* a a to one 0.0 o 00 000 ... *Cd lust matt (Mcmm c *)o m0- Tta L~Ctiim#ld ChiV.Intattof UtdOrom rood, CD*,ond Air MWI tofrtoW1 D.HhlUM Oar * M to>lto !*. VIN1 tonutoti** toto wl 0 . mnn Mlamooftu * > )* mmi larnhwimw M)a (On OM *M 00*<W qatoMr)ira>iiinll<> mtoOMto* mi a) 1 n tm ma*o/fo/nno**i. md MmaboOW 1----- US'" " 'lfl" no " 'III. Si 1 toMbcma nm^N unnx dm a 4wU mg pa*mmtrat aumtimm m*. weight of tad per nidi valum or per nilweight of blood. Spccide gravity of blood af normal ABdiw it from LMItaLOKL Un H Uu* * Oil IM If il uri for nml chBditn Ueg'MO ad whoto blood' Tbo qoe*tiea of aonu! caaeontrattoM of load to Iko Hood of children ohoaU be redmi It aq bo thol tbo proocntly amlhbfo dou Include oioMoromcnt* Tbo load intake tor nooxpoocd thlldron-tbal U, ehfldivn living fai dwellingt fret from kaurdm* mum tt laad-b derived from thdr nmol diet, and from olr rich a load content of about 1q/n m to fqfa o l CooeantratloM of load in tbo Mood of them children km boon reported to range from Ung'lOO ml*ff -Upg /MO ml of admin Mood, with a me* dim level of rog/IOQ ml arbolo ad.- Tbo moan reported for cbil> or*n in an nrfoa population arw gcotod bp tbo raceni flndtng of Tap per tbai tbo modlaa love) of load In IboMood of adult urban nronoa U not orathan SVg/100 ml whole Mood* Idaoi of load hfiM tatphMl in CMMfwn Sam amaogrfinento an gfrett for comparing mtaboBma In children and adult* (Tabio U Tbo cohrlo and food Intake of 3- and S-yaarcM chil dren h appimdmnttlp Wi of that af aa adah. Kohaa report* that an! (a- gootion of load by aormal adult* amounts to 300* to 4<X*g/day.* Saaod on tbo retail* food Intaka, tlw oral iniaka of load for a child would bo IMeg to XXta'iby. Tapper, in a raoant study, found that tad eonto.-:: of Ibo diot of tbo adult to iipprovimtMy ona third lest thoa observed in oorfiif studio*.' Stood upon Tcppor'* nboorroUou, tbo trorage inuko m tbo diot would bo from IOOj C to M", g of land/day. Tbo food ronton) in the air may amount to Vg'cu m to Vg'cu m. Tbo air exchange by ehildn II to X month* of age in a Sthour period b animated at alwut < cu m/ll boon, aaoemiag a ventilation aboat twin tha ratting volume. Tbo contribution of inspired air to like ottlowtod total* far load intake it rola> tfreiy oman-ir. to J.7S (Tabfo . Ob tha baai* of Kohoo'i finding*. Topper'* man roetat rata* for load aaataat of dlat, and a value of Slug ffe/mt m air, tbo mioiaol vata* tot tala! food iatoko iro approximotoly lMpg to UVg/diy. With tbi invtigotere* masimom value*, tbo doRy bitobo would tango from about Mfoc to SDfog/day. If It iautumed that WS af tha Ingwttad lead and m of the retained Inopiiwd load am tainted. load ncrotion in tka free* would be expected to be ff*c to Itfog/day; focal *v cntlaa for tbo range of maximal value* would bo from tlVg to ISS*g /day- Tbo loiter vata* ore ia data agreement with the finding* reported by Chbobn In IMdt U0*g w ITfog'it boon, with a mean value of 133*g t*r omexpotod children.* Sorting reporud n noon normal vahio of 130*1 per day far healthy children; tha ohoorvod range wn*-l?Vg to IM.-;/ dag.* akgpmomdd U*d hgMilao Mat turn teportad dw re*ulu af Ue MwrJK*CbiUrVMtM.OttWn tout tM-vkv'Xl-- 0007-SMP-0370BS experimental ing*tion of toad h tow tufcjecta.' la addition to the lead Intake in a normal diet, dally daaea of aquooua aolutioM of lead aalu from Mm to iMOng wart odmlniatcwd far miaul parted* of time. Finding! on torn ether young adulu who inad vertently ingaated quentiile* of load oatlautod to have been between SJDOOnrand MUttVig'day fern period of10 day* alao have been reported by Kahoe. The ettimated equivalent doaoa for children from 2 to 1 yarn of ago art one half of thoac for the adult (Tablet). Thu DPI la aimed toward the pre*- eutyut l deka*emlr.altviilvaic acid {MM aad with eapanentiel human in lie "dnlauU* toed" aa neuared by the yteaediiaiina uuowtit add (COTA) eMBtauan teat (ar lead. There ia a vide hair at oaparlncwat and AMcal dam whicb Micaum that ifca bitnait In ALA in udna le eamtend itb the Mdbitien ef (ha activity ef ddttiawheicveBdr add dahydrataea (ALAS) ia the Halim. CeoMOMOtljr, the iaereiM In ariaary w entda if ALA yrmldea evldieee ef to advene wtahaH* efftet; nemdy. ietar* ftmu la pnphyria meteheawi and In tha fanmtiau af heme. Bern te the ynethetl* pnup ef hwwsiehta ant dm i .pnm) eaejmie. I*. the eytedmmai fond ta al tliwro. Thie edrane mialAt Ia u imui y Hhw44it4 nmatratim ria*i abate Me Heed* Pli/100 *m Such dmagee occur w total daily in- gaatiM of lead ia inereuid (ram SOOag to ISOug OboorvaUen* on three group* of chddiuo axpoecd to source* of load in- geetien w in reported by Chieelm aad Kncriaoa in lUh faeal land eaemien nt nbtod to oigaa aaaociatad with iacraaaad toad Moke.* Bevai* e)::V drao. with lied lovtla la the blood lc than mg whole bleed and known to have ingeoted load or to hove keen expoeed to aourcoa ef iced, hod an average value of H&g ftal wantlan of diocaee. A* the avenge In* take lecnaaca above the DPI. the entire amount cannot be excreted ae that accumulation of an exeteaice nody load harden begin* and win i* creuepragroMively ae long aa undue ingaation continue*. Chieelm atatea fh| dekhmede hnuaie* la MeaJ-lcaf meeea Mtonabote 4k Ph'W am whale Mead aw aawdawd laUnkj9y rid aa *--------- iW Jaihr ariMfir Taate S---Cxperimanlti Beta on lupotommtal ltd tngattien (PremlCvhM1) MMW iyAANm idtoem iSi UMMIaM >o mw hisi m Aitii J Md CMI (IvMmimi mamm * IntaltalM "tpnsr--xrwssr "TillBSr" UN M o miw iw dtobcSr a aS UN UN ta a a it a* * aa n ^NHnm-1 i S !. TcHad^- Inemoaoa and Iwtmeato Batmen Moaaiiwmanii of toad In the Blood |MdtWWMMM oewaNUonuo** nntmoiinin NmWwatWwro w aoeo hhh . ~tm. 9mm r mmmL mm iv WPU'HIMMM n o -- ah me-- su MM esm------a*ro IMauUMaC Otoea .".1.".. ,||,H" 1 * an Of-III-- l *"15* 1 jf Blue ab-to p. .af--- .... no- m ni 81 -Hi.. W-lJd> am a- an i m-iiN i m-un 1 at bt r m *- an *M a-tut wa nt NmS-- wBN NO-UN to tar-net to iro-uet N Nl- N OMM m ae> ou 1* Ito to me-no Mid r eonN* UK 1 'inn tr-mw mM--Ni<OaIi w tns-Mi a nw-aco i wm un mp. Amer I Pie CMO/fie IK, (hi BTI load Iatake'King MO 0007--SMP--037086 0007-SWP-000118385 had par Si tom; the median vahia wre Ul| and Um range ting to LMfcg/tt bourn. A aaeond group of Ira children with toreb ol toad to tha Mood greater thaa KVg/100 ari-meatgangraphic evidence ol toad la bam and paoitiva gualitathrt Mala lor repreporphyrin to urine-bad a maan faeal aMretioa oI toad of t,l90)ig/34 hoaro with a aiadtoa vahia of Ulltog aad a nnga of llfcg to M0(bg/*4 ham. The third group tadadad aut children with taad intoxication either without encephalopathy or with mild or antra encephalopathy. Tha facal toad content of thia group ranged boat MMItog to HUOftig. BaHrap publbhrd tsao report! an thaw tlblldna, with hiitoriei of pica of Caor to ala mantta' duralIon, ad mitted u tha hoaptial for treatment of ethical toad potooniog.' Tha fecal toad to tha drat (tool of two of the children wo LHXVg aad LMfcf. tha load toreb h tha btoed were Ung 100 gra whale Hoad aad WagrMO gat whato hired, reipcctlvaly. la tha ctae MM aaaaphilapatiiy af tha third chill pin had cawed fire daya hafora admluien. The toad ran* tanl af the Am and third apedmen following admiuian *u }7Shg and IHVg, raapaetivaiy. Hit toral af toad la tha hload eu Htg/100 gm. M(|d tymptoiu compatible with ymptemaiic toad toinleatim may ha found ia tha pwotaaa af toad value* betweoa 10 aad R^g Ph/U0 ad whato Meal Utolaui u aertre hreta damage aad atriouawidiml aft fact* caa occur with level* grealar thaa MhgrlOO ml; thb ladcariy dawmated ia caaaa af acuta encephalop athy. Impairment of health anaaihlv inriadlnc advene affect* an tha da aetopint nervcci gitem may ectar at mum*!!.oanlcuiirty In the are*once af~ether medical cenditiono; eg, Siren aad minimum Muadtoad tow ab aad madtoal ccndlttoaa la children wacciatcd with there toreto havetna afareraad hy Chlaala In hie atudtoc. Three factere matt he ceaaidcred to tha evatoatioa af bad tovria abora dfog/UO mL If tha child.ha* anemia Urea. Hlc'lOO ad! IW MtdriUraa) SMaa. Mir100 mi; tow, M/m re IWahlMraa) Xaaa,MtrHBmfc tow. MhrtM ad (HANna) Mata. Mfrenoa ret tow.afogMMre tha health conicqucneei at any given level at Wood-lead may be greater than thou affecting a child with a normal hemoglobin value. Par axample, a toad level of -tOag-'lOO ml m tha Mood af a child whaat rad Weed V return to reduced to half af its ormal toral may ha equivalent in alialeal offlet to a higher laid level in tha Wood af a ehfld with a normal rad Hoad off rafoaw. Anemia in a cor.ditba frequently wialthg hero, or asaaclatad with, lead pollening. Tha reread aad third factor* are even mare aigalBeant It to Iraparunt to note that increwre to ALA, cepreparphyrto and chaUtabto lead an exponential with nipeet to toad concentration la the Mood. Ia eentaqutivea, tha margin of fair daewato at aa exponential rata aa had careentratlon to tha Wood laanaare arithmatlenllj. Tha third factor to tha rapid rate of tncreare la toad (aval ia tha Wood that caa occur. Thb to Blaatnud hy data tram Chtoelm'aatwitoa (TtMtll The date matt frem analyte* performed hg tha Ballhnare City Health Dcrart antBring the dithhana ttelim'nue. Tha maximum analytic mixtion betwaaa pain at approximately 40 blind dapHcau umpire n* ft-g pl'1100 gm whato Wool Tha standard deviation hatwcaa pair* ha* bona * IVg Pfc/100 gm whato hload. further, whan tha data wart being collected, only tfrea of lflpg Pb/IW gm whole Wood ar greater wen Included. L pnixWI It- Imm Omo O Miqf Pimm m JWM^naaMM MM-Miaf. hail mo IfaUlMSI. Kv*ia-fc{ fT.tfbfW I. re* *to* i* fhurj. vt-fc khn* > *wyttnuyM r ta- fan M* iMtrra. Miiwi :i:W.TVT. MU*. I Paamnr U jcwtu* tu a* re cwsfa iareypw rw-*ii* e^U^nmat* fwaiWi M ta. IhjWam af Mou mm Xd mU- XiM & Tree-- u Iu mm aim tfa on * a* mm- Mu m MMlag, pawU, ML ifa-M**!* Marfa* bnuire JAf Aa MUfc JMM mmi. ah m-wt iwa in i . S-OMaU Jr, Oinlni HE Tfe* OMMMiaMIttmi -* aMUireftiah'axir rmuwreMant*4i**B. w m. <*- huiT.Ma.mr. ' l fihtaaim Ih luurem Mm Dm Ml at toe mm. wtow*vitoCfaHwrt.UW. MB AmatJ K* ChlU/Val UL Oct 1971 M IreWthi 0007-8HP-037087