Document EqxONyZKKdaLGzGdyO08758NV

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR FRANCES PERKINS. Saerstarr BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS LSADOR LUBIN, Comminioncf INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS AND HYGIENE SERIES OCCUPATION HAZARDS AND DIAGNOSTIC SIGNS A GUIDE TO IMPAIRMENTS TO BE LOOKED FOR IN HAZARDOUS OCCUPATIONS (Revision of Bulletin No. 306) By LOUIS I. DUBLIN, PH. D. Third Via* hnMial and Statistician sad ROBERT J. VANE Lpti ilm af Oaannatlsnal Ratines Matrepalllan Ufa Inauraaaa Cm. N UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON < IU3 fr aaia by tHa Supariatadoit of Docuntanta, Washington, D.C. - - Pries S aaata Contents Fm Preface---------------------------------------------------Introduction Section I.--Alphabetical list of hazardous occupations________________ Section1 II.--List of hazards, symptoms, occupations exposed, and methods of prevention------------------------------------------------------------------A. Abnormalities of temperature andhumidity-------- -------1. Extreme dry heat--------------------------------------------------------2. Heat and humidity____________ 3. Sudden variations of temperature 15 B. Compressed air___________ v 1 A 13 13 14 15 18 C. Dampness 17 D. Defective illumination 18 E. Dust 19 1. Inorganic dust------------------------------ -----------------------------2. Organic dust.............. F. Infections 21 1. Anthrax 22 2. Hookworm (ankylostomiasis) 22 3. Septic infections 23 Q. Radiant energy 23 1. X-rays, radium, and other radioactive substances (radio thorium, znesothorlum, etc.) 23 20 21 2. Ultraviolet and Infraredrays 24 f H. Repeated motion, pressure, shock, etc..._____________________ 25 J. Poisons______________________________________ ... 26 1. Acetaldehyde_______ 27 2. Acetanilide 27 3. Acetone_______________ _______________ _______________ 4. Acridine 27 G. Acrolein 27 8. Aluminum______ ...._____...._____________ ....._____ 7. Ammonia 28 8. Amyl acetate 28 9. Amyl alcohol 28 27 27 10. Aniline and other amino compounds of benzol and its homologues...... ....................... 11. Antimony and its compounds 29 12. Arsenic and its compounds 29 29 13. Arseniuretted hydrogen (arsine)____________________ ____ 14. Barium 30 30 15. Benzine (naphtha-gasoline) 30 16. Benzol (benzene) and Its homologues (toluol and xylol)__ _ 17. Brass (zinc) 31 18. Bromine____________ ______ 19. Butyl acetate_________________ 31 32 82 20. Butyl alcohol________ '_________________________________ 21. Cadmium 32 22. Carbon dioxide_____________ 23. Carbon disulphide 33 32 32 24. Carbon monoxide_____________ 33 25. Carbon tetrachloride______ _________ 34 26. Cellosolve (mono-ethyl ether of ethylene glycol).......... 27. Chloride of lime 34 28. Chlorine___________________________________________ ___ 34 34 29. Chlorodinitrobenzol___________________II.IIIIIIIII.III 30. Chioronitrobenzol__________________________________ ___ 34 34 31. Chromium compounds......._________________________ 35 m l * ' / aa" 'T-r CONTESTS Srfcrtof* II. ----- _ ___ ... method* of prevention--Continued J. Poisons--Continued 32. Cobalt..................................................................................... 33. Copper--------------------------- 34. Cresol (cre*ylic acid)..................... 35. Cyanogen compound*--------------------------------------------------- 36. Dimethyl sulphate------------------------------------------------------- 38. Dioxan (diethylene dioxide)____ 39. E.,hyl benrene_____ 40. Ethyl bromide and ethyl chloride..................... 41. Ethylene dibromide--------------42. Ethylene dichloride________________ 43. Ethylene oxide 37 44. Formaldehyde..' 37 45. Formic acid 38 46. Gasoline.......................................... ......... ................ -........... 47. Hydrochloric acid______ 48. Hydrocyanic acid------ --------------------------------------------------48. Hydrofluoric acid....................... 50. Iron carbonyl 38 51. Lead and its compounds 39 62. Lead arsenate 40 63. Manganese.......... ................. 54. Mercury and its compounds.................................................. 55. Methanol (methyl alcohol) 41 56. Methyl bromide 41 67. Methyl chloride_________________________________ _____ 68. Naphtha_____________ 59. Nickel carbonyl_________ 60. Nitraniline-------------61. Nitrobenzol and other nitro compounds of benzol and its homologues....................... .................... ............................ 62. Nitroglycerin_________________ _____________ ________ _ 63. Nitronaphthalene_____ 64. Nitrous gases and nitric acid 42 65. Oxalic acid............. 60. Ozone______________ 67. Petroleum 43 68. Phenol____________________ 69. Phenyl hydrazine________ 70. Phosgene.......................... 71. Phosphorus___ _____ 72. Phosphuretted hydrogen (phosphine) __________________ 73. Picric acid 44 74. Potassium hydroxide 44 75. Pyridine_____________________________________ ________ 76. Silver__ 77. Sodium hydroxide__ _______ 78. Sulphur dioxide.......................... 79. Sulphuretted hydrogen................ 80. Sulphuric acid__ _____ 81. Sulphur monochloride_________ - 82. Tar........................................................................................... 83. Tellurium................. 84- Tetrachlorethane (acetylene tetrachloride)_______________ 85. Tetraethyl lead 47 86. Thallium................... 87. Tin.................... 88. Titanium oxide 48 89. Trinitrotoluol____________________ 90. Turpentine................. 91. Uranium 48 92. Vanadium_____________ 9J5. Vinyl chloride__________________________________ ______ 94. Zinc__________ Sxctiok III.--Dermatoses_____________ p*c* 35 35 35 36 36 36 36 37 37 37 38 38 38 38 40 40 41 42 42 42 42 42 42 43 43 43 43 44 44 44 44 45 45 45 45 46 46 47 47 47 48 48 48 48 48 49 49 60 Preface The first edition of this guide to the hazards of occupations and to the symptoms of the diseases they cause was intended primarily to aid the medical examiners of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. in the discovery of impairments among applicants for insurance. The pamphlet soon attracted the attention or others not immediately interested in insurance medical examinations. Large numbers of industrial physicians, directors of compensation boards, factory in spectors. safety engineers, industrial rehabilitation agents, faculties of medical colleges, and, most'important of all, general practitioners of medicine have made a call for this work and nave expressed their approval of it. The favorable response encouraged us to proceed with the preparation of a second and much enlarged edition. This edi tion- was equally well received. Published 10 years ago, it is still in constant demand. It has been reproduced either in whole or in part in a number of works by authorities on the subject of industrial hygiene. The authors are convinced by their experience with these earlier editions that this pamphlet has served a useful purpose, and that there is a vital need for a work of this kind, which makes readily available the most recent findings on industrial hazards to those who have not the time for a thorough study. Obviously, the extension of the compensation laws of the several States to include all occupational diseases, or an increasing number of them, has made it necessary for physicians to be familiar with at least their most common symptoms. The 10 years which have elapsed since the publication of the second edition of this guide have seen wide expansion and a marked in crease in activities in the field of industrial hygiene. They have been noteworthy for the large number of scientific investigations under taken to determine the causes of ill health among workmen and the effects of exposure to specific industrial hazards. Complete reports have been published not only on the effects of such poisons as radio active paint, methyl bromide, and other refrigerants, and tetraethyl lead, which have become of importance only recently, but our knowl edge of well-known health hazards has also been enriched. To memtion only a few, benzol, spray painting, and exposure to asbestos dust and to dusts containing free silica, have been thoroughly studied and reported upon. In preparing this, the third edition of the pamphlet, the authors have endeavored to present the most recent thought on occupational hazards expressed in this vast literature on industrial hygiene. They realize full well the inadequacy of existing knowledge of the effects of many industrial hazards, and the amount of scientific research neces sary before these effects are definitely known. They have not pre sumed to attempt to settle controversial questions, nor have they `U.S. Biireau of Labor Statlatlca, Bui. No. 308: Occupation ba**rdi and dlarnojt'e ilgna. Waibinrton, 1922. vr PREFACE attempted to set up standards for the guidance of those whose responsibility it is to pass upon claims for compensation or damages. The symptoms, conditions, or diseases cited are those which are reported in the best works available on the several hazards. They have not been listed in the order of their importance, and many are perhaps of rather rare occurrence. Similarly, the occupations and industries listed are those which have been reported as offering ex posure to such hazards, and not necessarily those in which specific cases of injury have occurred. The form of the pamphlet has been changed somewhat to facilitate reference to the symptoms and occupations listed under each hazard. While the number of hazard groups remains the same, we have com pletely revised the method of presenting some of the hazards. " Ex treme light ", now listed as " radiant energy ", has been subdivided to show separately the effects of " X-rays and radium ", and of " ultra violet and infrared rays." "Abnormalities of temperature " is now subdivided to show the effects of " heat and humidity " in addition to those of " extreme dry heat " and " sudden variations of tempera ture." The hazards covered now include " abnormalities of temper ature " compressed air "; " dampness ": " defective illumination "; "dust"; "infections"; "radiant energy"; "repeated motion, pres sure, shock, etc."; and the " poisons.'" The section on " skin irri tants " is now listed under the heading " dermatoses." The number of poisonous substances considered has been increased from 52 to 94. The number of hazardous occupations listed has been increased to approximately 900. The authors desire to acknowledge their indebtedness to the mem bers of the medical profession of the United States and Canada, who have so graciously received the previous editions, and who have so enthusiastically cooperated in extending its scope. It would be impracticable to make personal acknowledgment of all the assist ance which has been received in preparing this revision. Mention, however, should be made of the following authors and organisations from whose published works so large a part of the information used in the pamphlet was secured: Drs. Alice Hamilton, George M. Kober, Emery R. Hayhurst, Yandell Henderson, Howard W. Haggard, R. Prosser White. Carey P. McCord, Henry H. Kessler, Ralph W. Webster, Frank P. Underhill, W. Gilman Thompson, and also the International Labor Office of the League of Nations, Harvard School of Public Health, United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, United States Public Health Service, United States Bureau of Mines, and the Bureau of Industrial Hygiene of the New York State Depart ment of Labor. The authors are especially indebted to Dr. Anthony J. Lanza and Dr. William J. McConnell, assistant medical directors of the Metro politan Life Insurance Co., for reviewing the entire manuscript, for assistance in the preparation of the text, and for many valuable criticisms suggested by their broad experience in the fiela of indus trial medicine. The detailed work of this compilation was carried out by Thomas Dublin, Lawrence Wolff, and Sol Ungar, of the Statistical Bureau of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. , Louis I. Dublew. Robert J. Van*. BULLETIN OF THE U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS no. us WASHINGTON seftembe* ims OCCUPATION HAZARDS AND DIAGNOSTIC SIGNS: A GUIDE TO IM PAIRMENTS TO BE LOOKED FOR IN HAZARDOUS OCCUPATIONS Introduction Many occupations hare injurious effects on the physical condition of those engaged in them. The health of those who work with the poisons, such as lead, arsenic, mercury, picric acid, etc., or those who are exposed for long periods to dust, heat, humidity, or to the infectious materials, may be impaired seriously as the result of their work. The occupation is now recognized as of the very first im portance as a factor in the causation of disability and even of death. We see this reflected in the frequent revisions of compensation laws to include an increasing number of occupational diseases. Dr. Edsall has shown that in the clinic he conducted at the Massachusetts General Hospital many of the conditions for which treatment was sought by men of working ages were the effects of occupation. Other industrial clinics are reporting similar results. With their attention directed to occupation as a possible factor, industrial physicians are able to diagnose a great many obscure cases which previously had puzzled even the most competent clinicians. In thus way they discover a great many more cases of disease of occupa tional origin than haa before been thought possible. Thus, in 1917, about 150 cases of lead poisoning were discovered at the Massa chusetts General Hospital, which are more than were recorded by this clinic during the 5-year period prior to the adoption of (he more intensive methods of study. It is generally recognized that patients come to physicians with pains and complaints of an in definite character, and it is only when consideration is given to the occupation and its possible effects that many of these cases are cleared up. The medical examiner should therefore be very careful to see if any of the usual diagnostic signs of poisoning, dust, heat, or other hazards which are known to be inherent in occupations are in evi dence among their patients, where no other explanation of the case is readily available. In the case of those exposed to lead, such as employees of storage-battery plants, white-lead workers, paint mixers, painters, etc., the blue line on the gum, the pale, sallow ap pearance, and the trembling fingers are significant as indications of chrome lead poisoning, and tne physician should look for these signs. Physical symptoms and conditions which ordinarily might be passed by, in this way become very important if they point to the possible effect of the occupation. 2 OCCUPATION HAZAEDS AND DIAGNOSTIC SIGNS This handbook has been prepared to aid physicians in general prac tice, industrial hygienists, safety engineers, and others who come into close professional contact with those who are engaged in industrial processes. Nine major hazards of employment are listed; namely, "abnormalities of temperature"; "compressed air"; "dampness"; " defective illumination "; " dust "; " infections "; " radiant energy "; " repeated motion, pressure, or shock "; and the " poisons." A sepa rate section of the bulletin is devoted to a discussion of the der matoses. Long exposure to any of these will usually leave definite physical signs which the medical examiner can discover if he will look for them. To aid him in detecting the hazards and their effects on the worker, two lists are presented. The first consists of the more common hazardous occupations; arranged alphabetically; the second consists of hazards, together with their effects or symptoms, as well as the occupations affected. After each occupation in the first list i5 a reference in code to the particular hazard in the second list. The capital letters after each occupation, A, B, C, etc., refer to the general hazard. The arabic numerals signify the particular hazard, as E 1, inorganic dust; E 2, organic dust. The following example will show how this guide may be of value to the general practitioner: A man, who works in a garage, suffering from continuous headaches visits his physician. The latter can find no cause for the patient's illness. The patient shows no sign of disease other than the subjective symptoms which he describes. Per haps the physician will recommend an examination of the subject's eyes, ears, and sinuses, which will prove negative. A correct diag nosis in a puzzling case such as this is much easier to determine when the occupation is ascertained and this guide is utilized. Alongside of " garage workers " in the Alphabetical List of Hazardous Occupa tions, the physician finds the symbols J 15, 24. 51, 85. "J " represents the hazard " poisons ", and 15, 24, 51, 85, the particular poisons-- ?asoline, carbon monoxide, lead, and tetraethyl lead, respectively. ipon looking up the symptoms of these poisons in the second list, he finds that all produce headache. In such a case an effort should be made to discover which of these poisons exists as a hazard in the plant where the patient is employed. The remedy consists in the removal of the etiological factor--the specific poison. The following procedure is therefore recommended: The medical examiner or physician should ascertain the occupation of the person undergoing examination. He should then look for it in the Alpha betical List of Hazardous Occupations (p. 4). If found there, it is possible that the person has been exposed to and is possibly suf fering from the effects of some hazard of his occupation. The num erals will indicate the particular hazards of the occupation. The physician should then make special effort to discover the symptoms or signs referred to in the second list. By this means he can readily determine whether the person examined is in fact suffering from the effect of his occupation. His examination is in this way made more illuminating. Physicians, not specialists in occupational hygiene, can thus learn to detect the effects of industry and, conversely, can eliminate, the occupation as the cause when certain symptoms are ob served which do not fit the usually observed effects of the occupation. ENTBODTjCTIOK 3 Medical examiners should remember that it is often necessary to keep in mind not only the present occupation but the former one as well. Persons suffering from certain ailments may no longer be engaged in the industry which was responsible for their condition. But careful inquiry into their occupational history will sometimes result in the recording of an occupation the effects of which are clearly those from which the patient is suffering. The medical profession must give occupational findings greater weight in form ing their judgments regarding physical conditions and in diagnosing arid treating disease. It is hoped in this way that the medical profession will become more and more acquainted with occupational diseases and help in the movement to discover and eliminate cases thereof. In our country, it is still true that very large numbers of working people are con stantly exposed to serious occupational hazards and suffer, often unnecessarily, very seriously from the effects of such exposure. The greater interest of medical practitioners will help materially in the campaign of prevention. Medical schools can aid greatly in bring ing about this result by giving due weight to the subject in their courses of study. Already the form ana content of the pamphlet have recommended it to several schools, which report its value. In the same way, plant executives and safety engineers must take cog nizance of the existence of these occupational diseases and look care fully into their own establishments to see to what degree the proc esses in their shops are devoid of the dangers which are usually associated with industrial operations. Factory inspectors, labor officials, and workmen's compensation boards will find it helpful in inspecting and evaluating the hazards of -numerous industries. Many hazards may be revealed which they have not known were associated with the processes of manufacture and of which the employers themselves have been ignorant. The rapidly expanding field of industrial rehabilitation should find this bulletin an aid in selecting occupations for those with arrested cases of tuberculosis and for others weakened by disease. 181211*--3S------ 2 Section I.--Alphabetical List of Hazardous Occupations Abrasives workers, E 1. Artificial-manure makers. See Ferti Acetaldehyde makers, J L, 54. lizer maker*. Acetanilide workers, J 10. Artificial-pearl makers, J 8, 51, 64, 84 Acetic-acid makers, J 47, 54 Artlfldal-realn makers, J 34. Acetone workers, J 3, 54. Artlfldal-silk makers, A 2, C, J 7, 8, Acetylene workers, E 1, J 3, 7, IS, 23, 13, 20, 23, 35, 44, 47, 55, 77, 79, 80, 84 24 27, 31. 72. Artificial-stone makers, 3 82. Add (Uppers. C. J IS, 35, 47, 64. 80. Art-printing workers, J 35. Acid finishers (glass), J 47, 51, 80. Asbestos workers, A 1, E 1. Add makers. See particular add. Asphalt workers, A 1, J 23, 82. Add mixers, J 47, 64. 80. Auto painters, C, 3 55. See alto Acid recoverers, J 47, 64, 80. Painters. Add transporters, J 47, 64, 80. Acridine workers, J 4 Babbltters, 3 51. Acrolein workers, J 5. Bakellte makers, 3 44, 68. Airplane-dope makers, J 3, 8, 16, 25, Bakers, A3, E2.Q3, J 22, 24 84. Balloon (hydrogen) workers, 3 13. Airplane-wing rarniahera, J 84 Bee Balloon lnflmtors, J 24. alto Varnlshers. Barbers. H. Alcohol-distillery workers, J 8, 9, 18, Barium carbonate makers, 3 14, 79. 45. 54 Bar-mlU workers (Iron and ateel), Aldehyde pumpmen, J 1, 55. A 1. / Alkali-salt makers, C, J 22, 28, 47, 78, Barometer makers, J 54 79. Baalc-alag (artificial-manure) workers, Aluminum extractors, 3 49. E 1. Alum workers, J 80. Batch makers (glass works). Bee Amalgam makers, J 54 Glass mixers. Amber workers, J 51. Batch makers (rubber works). Bee Ammonia workers, J 7, 24 Compounders (rubber). Ammonium-salts makers, A 1, J 7, 23, Baters (tannery), C.FL 35, 47. 80. Battery (dry) makers, E 1, 3 8, 16, 81, Ammonium-sulphate makers, J 80. 47. 51, 53, 54 82. Amyl-acetate workers, 18,9. Battery (storage) makers. Bee Stor Amyl-nitrite makers, 3 9. age-battery makers. Anesthetic makers, 3 40. Bearners (textiles), E 2. Aniline-compound workers, J 10, 31. Beamhouse workers (tannery), C, F 1. Aniline-dye makers. Bee Dye makers. Beatermen (paper and palp), C, 3 28. Aniline makers, 3 10, 18, 16, 47, 61, 64 Bed rubbers (marble and stone), E 1. Animal-hair dressers. Bee Hair work Bench moldere (foundry), E 1, J IT. ers. 51. Animal handlers, F 1, 3. Benzene purifiers, 3 80. Annealers, A 1. Benzol-still men, A 1, J 16. Antifreeze makers, J 55. Bessemerconverter workers (Iron and Antimony extractors (refiners), A 1, steel). A 1. J 11. Beta-still operators (beta-naphthol), Antimony fluoride extractors, J 49. A 1, 3 80. Antipyrln makers, 3 69. Berelera, B 1_ Arsenic roasters, A 1, J 12. Bicyclists, H. Arseniuretted-hydrogen makers, J 13. Billet-mill workers (Iron and ateel), Art-glass workera, J 8, 15, 49, 51, 55, A 1. 90. Btsque-klln workers, A 1, E 1, J 24 Artificial-amber makers, 3 44 Blacksmiths. A 1, G 2, H. 3 22, 24, 35, Artificial-flower makers. H, J 12, 81, 51. 51. 54. 55. Artlfldal-gem makers, J 88. Artificial-ice -makers, A 8, C, J 7, 78. Blasters, B 1, J 24 Blast-furnace workers, A 1, J 22, 24, 35, 78. 79. Artlfidal-leather workers, A 2, J 8, 8, Bleachers, A 2, 8, J 27, 28, 31, 47, 49, 10, 12, 16, 20, 64 80. 64. 65. 66. 74. 77. 78. 4 alphabetical list or hazardous occupations 5 Bleacbery driers, A 2. Camphor makers, J 8, 10, 47, 90. Bleaching-powder makers, J 13. 27, 53. CAndle (colored) makers, J 5, 12, 81 Blenders (motor fuel). J 16. Candy makers, A 2, 3. Blockers (felt hats), A 2 J 24. Can aera, A 2, 3, C. F 8, J 51. Blooders (tannery), J 5L Can (sanitary) makers, J 16. BlogogmgliJn^g^-m^ill workers (iron end Cap loaders, 3 54. Cappers (window glass), A 1. Blowers (felt hats), E 2, J 54. Carbanilide makera, J 23. Blowers (glass manufacturing). Bee Carbide makera, A 1, E 1, 3 7, 24. Glass blowers. CarboUc-acid makera, J 16, 68, 78, 80. Blowers-out (zinc smelting), A 1. J 17. Blueprint makers, J 3L Bluers (revolvers). A L Boiler cleaners and washers, C. J 24. Boiler-room workers, A 1 , J 22, 24. Boneblack makers, J 7, 71. Bone renderers. J & Bone workers, E 1, J 5. 35, 78. Bookbinders, J 8, 12, 51, 55. Bottle-cap makers, J 5L Bottlers (mineral waters), J 70. Brake-lining makers, J 16. Brass founders, A 1, J )L 12, 17. 22, 24. 51, 7L 78. Brass polishers, J 5L Bee alto Pol ishers and cleaners (metal). Brazers, G 2. Braziers, A 1, J 17. 51. Brewers, A 2, 8, C, J 22, 44, 49. 68. Carbonated-water makers. 3 22. Carbon-black workers, A 1, E 1. Carbon-brush makera, E 1. Carbon-dioxlde-ice workers, 3 22. Carbon-disulphide makers, J 23, 79. Carbonic-add makers, J 22. Carbonisers (shoddy), B 2, J 18,47,80. Carbon printers (photographic), 3 31 Carbon-tatrachlorlda workers, 3 25,70, 81 Carborundum makers. A 1 B 1 Carders (textiles), E X Card grinders (textiles), B 1 2. Carpenters, H. Carpet makers, B 2, F 1, J 12. Carrot*r* (felt hats), J 12, 54, 64. Cartridge-cup washers, O. Cartridge dippers, 3 47, 64, 80. Brick burners, A 1, J 22, 24, 5L Cartridge felt and wad makers, Q. Bricklayers, E L Cartridge makers, 3 51, 54. Brick makers, A 1, C, E 1, 7 2, J 51, 78. Cartridge shot shell paraffin dippers, Briquet makers, J 12, 82. A 8, C. Bromine makers. J 18. 28. Case hardeners, A 1 3 85. Bromine-salt makers, 3 IS. Casters (brass foundry). Bee Brass Bronzers, E 1, J 7. 8. 12, 18, 15, 16, IT, founders. 35, 47, 51, 54. 65, 79. Broom makers, B 2, J 28, 44, 78. Browners (gun barrels), J 35, 51. 54, 67. Brushers (felt hats). B 2, J 54. Brush makers. E2,FltJ44,51, 55,82. Buffers, D, E 1, 2. Buffers (rubber), J 8, 15, 51. Burners (enameling), A 1, J 51. Burnishers (iron and steel). D. J 11. Casters (Iron and steel), A 1 Casting cleaners (foundry), E 1 Bee alto Add dippers. Cast scrubbers (electroplaters), J 16, 16. Catchers (Iron and steel), A 1 Cattle salesmen, F 1 Cellophane. Bee Transparent-wrap ping-material workers. 80. Cellosolre makera, 3 28. Burnishers (ride barrels), J 11. Cellnlold. See Pyroxylin plastics Burrers (needles), JED L Burr fliers, B L Butchers A 8, F 1, 8. Button makers, 1)1,2. Butyl alcohol makers, J 20. workers. Cellulose-acetate makers, 3 8, 84. Cellulose-formate makers, 3 45. Cellulose workers, 3 8, 23, 45, 78, 79, 84. Cable makers, 3 51. Cable splicers, C, J 24, 51, T9, 90. Cadmium-alloy makers, 3 21. Cadmium and cadmium-compound makers. 3 2L Cadmium platers, 3 21. Cadmlum-vapor-lamp makers, J 21. Caisson workers, A 3. B, C, D, J 22,79. Calcium-carbide makera, J 7. Cementan (rubber shoes), 3 15, 16, 23, 25. 55, 90. Cement mixers (rubber), J 15, 18, 28, 25, 81. Cement workers, A 1, B 1, 3 47. Ceramic workers. Bee Pottery work ers. Chimberaen (sulphuric add), J 78, 80. Calenderers (rubber), A 8, B L Charcoal burners, J 22, 24. Calico prlnten, A 2^3, 3 8, 10, 11, 12, Charcoal workers (sugar refining), 21. 24, 28, 81 85, 44, 47, 51, 53, 54, A 2. 3. B L 56, 64, 68, 80, 90. Chargars (smelting), A 1, B 1, J 24. 6 OCCUPATION HAZARDS AND DIAGNOSTIC SIGNS Chargers (zinc melting), A 1, E 1, Crayon (colored) makers, J31. J 11, 12, 17, 21. 24, 51, 78. Creosoting-plant workers, C, J 82. Chasers (steel), E 1. Cresol-soap makers, J 34. Chauffeurs, H. J 15, 24. Cresyllc-acid makers, J 34. Chemists (radium research), G 1. Crucible misers. E 1. Chimney masons, J 24. Cru "lb !e-steel-departmen t employees, Chimney sweepers, E 1, J 12, 24. 82. AL Chippers, E 1. J 51. Cru8hermen (clay and stone). El. Chloride of lime makers, J 27. 28. Cupola men (foundries), A 1, J 22. 24. Chlorine-compound makers, J 47. Curers, vapor (rubber). See Vulcan- Chlorine makers, J 28. 47. 53. 54. izers. Chloroform makers J 3, 27, 57. Curriers (tannery), E2, FI, J 12. 15. Chrome workers, J 31. Cut-glass workers, E 1, j 12, 51. Chromium platers, J 31. Cutlery makers, El. J8, 51. Cigar makers, E 2. Cutters (oxyacetylene and other Clay and bisque makers (pottery), A 3, C, E 1, J 78. Clay-plug makers (pottery), C, EL Clay-products workers See Pottery gases). See Welders. Cyanamld makers. A 1, E L Cyanide workers, J 7, 35. Cyanogen makers, J 54, 79. workers. Cleaners (foundry), J 24. Clerks, D, H. Cloth preparers, A 2, C. See aleo Bleachers. Damascening workers, J 64. Dancers, H. Decorators (pottery), J12, 15, 16. 51, 90. Cloth singers, 3 24. Degreasers (fertilizer; leather), J 15, Coal miners. See Miners. 16. Coal passers, E 1. Degreasers (textiles), J25. Coal-tar workers, J10, 16, 24, 34, 35, Denatured-alcohol workers. Bee par 68, 82. ticular denaturant. Cobalt miners, J 32. Dental workers, J 51. Cobblers. E2, FI, H. Dentists, 3 54. Coke-oven workers, A 1, J 7, 16, 24, Depilatory makers, 3 86. 78, 78, 82. Detlnnlng workers, 3 28. Cold-storage-plant workers. See Re- Detonator cleaners, J 54. frlg.rating-plant workers. Detonator fillers, 3 54. Collodion makers, J 64. Detonator packers, 3 54. Colored-paper workers, J12. Devil operators (felt hats), E 2, J 54. Colorers (white) of shoes, J 51. Diamond cutters, E 1. 5. Color makers. A 1, E 1, J 7, 11, 12, Diamond polishers, J 51. 16. 18, 21, 28, 31, 51, 54, 57, 80, 84, 86. D!atomaceou8-earth workers, E 1. Comb makers. E 2. Digester-house workers (paper and Compositors, D, El, H, J 10, 11, 15, 51. palp), A 2. 3. J 78, 79. Compounders (rubber), E 1, J 10, 11, Dimethyl-sulphate makers, 3 13, 36, 12. 15, 16. 31, 51. 58, 64, 80. Concentrating-mill workers (lead and Dioxan makers, 3 38. zinc), C. El, J51. Dippers (gun cotton). 3 64. Coners (felt hats), E2, J54. Dippers (rubber), J 15, 16. Confectioners. See Candy makers. Dippers. See alto Add dippers. Construction-camp workers, F 2. Disinfectant makers, J 1, 18, 27, 28, Construction laborers, EL 84. 35, 44, 54, 68, 78, 86. Cooks, A 8, 0 2, J 24. Divers, B, 3 22. Copper founders, J 12, S3. Doffers (textiles), A 2, C, E 2. Copper miners." See Miners. " Dope " workers See Airplane-dope Copper refiners and smelters, A1, J11, makers. 12, 24, 33, 51, 78. 83. Dressers (glass), A 1. Coppersmiths, J S3. Cord makers, J 82. Dresser tenders (textile), A 2, 3, C. Driers (felt bats), A 8, 3 55. Core makers. Al, El, J17, 24. Driers (rubber), J 15, 16. 23. Cork workers, E 2. Drier workers (foundries), 3 24. Corn-products workers, A 1, 2, S. Cosmetic workers. J 54. Drillers (rock), E 1. Drivers, A 3, C. Cotton-mill workers, A 2, C, E 1, 2. Cotton-seed-oil workers, A 2. Cotton twisters, E t, H. Drop forgers, A 1. Dry-battery workers. See Battery (dry) makers. Cranemen (glass industry), Al. Dry deaners, A 3, J 15, 16, 23, 25, 55, Cranemen (iron and steel), Al 65. 9G ALPHABETICAL LIST OF HAZABDOUS OCCUPATIONS 7 Drying-room workers (mLsceUaneou-i), Fiber workers, E 2. A 8 J 22. 24. Filament makers and flnishers .(in Dye makers. US,JU,iT, 10. Jl. candescent lamps), J 24, 55, 86.' 12. 13. 16. 18, 27, 28, 31, 34. 35, 36. File cntters. E 1. J 51. 44. 45, 47, 81. 53. 54. 55, 57, 61, 64, 65, Filers, E L J 11, 51. 68, 69. 70, 73, 78. 79. 80. 86, 90. Filling-station workers, J 01, 85. Dyers, A 3, J 8, 7, 8, 10, 15, 31, 47, 49. Film makers. See Pyroxylin-plastics 51. 53, 61, 68. 73. 81. See alio Mor- workers. dauters, and other preparatory Filter-press workers, C. process workers. Finishers (leather), E 2. Flre-extlngUiSher makers, J 25. Electricians, G 2, J 66. Firemen (city), A 1, 3, C, J 24, 25. Electric - induction - furnace workers, Firemen (stationary), A 1, 3, E 1. J 24. J 54. Fireworks makers, J 11, 12, 53, 54, 71, Electric linemen, G 2. 73. See alto Explosives workers. Electrode makers, J 82. Fishermen, A 3. C. Electrolytic process (copper) workers, Fitters (shoes), J 55. 7 18. Flangers (felt hats), A 3, J 24. Electroplaters. C, J 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, Flatteners (glass), A 1. 21. 23. 25, 31, 35, 45. 47, 51. 54, 64, Flax-rettery workers, 7 79. 80. Flax spinners, A 2. E 2. Electrotypers, A 8, E 1, J 11, 51. See Flint workers, E 1. alto Electroplaters. Floor molders (foundry), A 1, E 1, Elevator runners, H. 7 17, 5L Embalmers. J 44, 54. Floor-polish makers, J 61. Embossers. 7 54. Flour workers, E 2. Embroidery workers, D, J 51. Flue cleaners, E 1. J 24. 78, 82. Emery-wheel makers, E 1, J 51. Flush tenders (aluminum), C. Enamelers, A 1, C, H, J 8, 12, 15, 16, Forgemen, A L 23, 24, 31, 51, 53, 84, 90. Formaldehyde workers, J 44. Enamel makers, J 8, 11, 12, 15, 16, 23, Formers (felt bats), E 2. 24. 31, 47, 51. 53. 64, 84, 90. Formic-acid workers, J 45. Engineers (stationary), A 1, 8, E 1, Foundry workers, A 1, E 1, J 22, 24. J 24. See alto particular metal. Engravers, E 1, H, J 16, 47, 65, 80. Frosters (glass and pottery), 7 3L See alto Steel engravers. Fruit-essence makers. J 8, 9. Etchers, 7 13, 47, 49, 64, 68, 80. Fruit preservers, J 78. Ether makers, 7 80. Fulminate mixers, J 35, 54. Ethyl benzene makers, J 39. Fumigators, J 24, 34, 35, 78. Ethyl-bromide makers, J 40. Fur carders, E 2. F 1. Ethyl-chloride makers, J 40. Fur clippers, E 2, F 1. Ethylene-dlbromide makers, J 18, 41. Fur cutters, E 2, F 1. Ethylene dichlorlde makers, J 42. Ethylene oxide makers, J 43. Fur handlers, E 2, F 1. J 12. 54. Furnace workers, A 1, G 2. J 22, 24. Explosives workers, C, J 1, 3, 7, 8, 9, Furniture polishers, E 2, H. J 8, 15, 10,16, 23. 31, 34, 44, 54, 55, 61. 62. 64, 31, 55, 67. 90. 68, 73, 80. See alto particular oc Fur preparers, E 2. F 1, J 12, 54, 64. cupation. Fur pullers, E2, FI Extractor operators (soap), A 8, G. Fusel-oil yrorkers, 7 9. Extractors (gold and silver), 7 28, 35, Galvenlsers, A 2. C, J 5. 7, 12, 13, 17, Extractors (oils and lata), 7 16. 47, 51, 64. 78. 80. Garage workers, J 15, 24, 51, 86. Fanners, F 1, X, 7 12, 51. Fat tenderers, A 3, J 6, 79. 80. Feather curera, E 2, J 12. Feather workers, E 2, F 8. J 10, 12,15, 16, 55, 67. 78, 90. Felt extractors, A 2. Felt-hat makers, A 2, 3, E 2, J 12, 54, 55, 80. See alto particular occupa tion. Felt makers, A 2. Ferrosilicon workers, J 12, 18, 72. Fertiliser makers, C, E 1, F 1, 3, 7 7, 18, 22, 35, 47, 49, 58, 64. 71. 78. 79, 80. See alto Phosphate-mill workers. Garbage workers, F 3. Gardeners, J 12, 51. Gas (illuminating) workers, A 8, J 7, 18. 16, 24, 35, 68. 79, 82. Gasoline blenders, 7 51, 85. Gasoline-engine workers, 7 15. Gas purifiers, 7 7, 35. 68, 79. Gassers (textile). 7 24. Gatherer* (glass), A 1_ Gelatine makers, 7 78. Germicide makers. 7 10, 44. 73. Gilders, 7 8, 15, 16, 35, 54, 55, 64, 75. Glass blowers, A 1, E 1, G 2. Glass colorert, 7 21, 81, 83. 8 OCCUPATION HAZABDS AND diagnostic signs Glass cutter*. C, E 1. Glass etchers, J 44. 49. Glass finishers, C, E X, J 47. 49. 51, 80. Iron and steel workers (all depart ments), A 1, E 1. G 2. See alto particular occupation. Glass-furnace workers, i 1, 5 2. Ironers, A 3, J 24. Glass mixers. B 1. J 11. 12. 47. 51. 53. Glass polishers, J 51. Glass workers, J 22, 78, 86. Japan milkers, A 3. J 12. 15, 51, 55, 90. Japanners, J 12, 15, 51, 55, 90. Glaze dippers (pottery), C, J 11, 12, Jewelers. D, E 1, H, J 8, 13. 35, 47, 51. 31, 47, 51. 53. Glaze mixers (pottery), E 1, J 11, 12, 81, 47, 51, 53. 54. 64. 80. Junk-metal refiners, A 1, E 1, J 17, 51. Jute workers, E 1, 2. Glost-kiln workers, A 3, J 24, 51. Glove makers (leather preparers), C, B 2. Bee alto Tannery workers. Glue workers, A 8, C, B 2. F 8, J 5, 7, Kiln tenders, A 1, J 24. Knitters, H. Knitting-mill workers, B 2. 15, 16, 22. 23, 47, 78. 79, 80. Glycerine refiners, J 65. Gold beaters, E 1, E Gold extractors. J 13, 18, 81. Gold refiners. B 1, J 12, 85, 44, 49, 51, 54. Grain-elevator workers, B2. Granite workers. Bee Stonecutters. Graphite workers, A 1, E 1. Grinders (colors). Bee Color makers, Grinders (metals), C, B 1, J 11, 51. Grinders (rubber), E 2, J 11, 51. Guncotton dippers, J 64, 80. Guncotton pickers, B 2. Guncotton washers, C. Gypsum workers, A 3, B 1, J 79. Labelers (paint cans), J 51Laboratory workers (radium re search), G 1. Lace makers, B 2. Lacquerers, J 3, 8, 9, 12, 15, 16, 25, 46, 51, 55, 75, 84, 90. Lacquer makers, J 3, 7, 8. 9, 12, 15, 16, 25, 26, 39, 45, 51, 55, 75, 84, 90. Lampblsck makers, J 67, 68. Lapidaries, E 1. Lard makers. J 5. Lasters (shoes), A 3, C, B 2, J 55. Lathe turners, H. Laundry workers, A 2, 8, C, J 24, 27, 28, 66. Lead burners, J 13, 5L Lead-foil makers, A 1, 3 51. Hair workers, C, B 2, F 1, 3. Lead miners, J 51. See alio Miners. Hammermen, H. Lead-pipe makers, J 51. Hardeners (felt hats), 3 54, 55. Lead-salts makers, J 51. Hardeners (metals). See Temperers. Lead smelters, A 1, B 1, J 11, 12, 24, Harness makers, B 2. 51. 78, 83. Hat makers, felt. Bee Felt-hat makers. Leather workers, E 2, F 1, J 8, 47. Bee Heater boys (riveters), J 51. alio Tannery workers. Heel makers (shoes), E 2. Leer tenders (glass), A L Hemp workers, E 2. Letter sorters, D, H. Horn workers. B 1. Levermen (Iron and steel), A L Hospital attendants, G 1. Lifters-orer (glass), A 1. Hothouse workers, A 8. Lime burners, A 1, E L J 13, 22, 24. Hot-rod rollers (iron and steel), A 1. Lime-kiln chargers, B I, J 22, 24. House wreckers, B 1. Lime pullers (tannery), C, I 1 Hydrochloric-add makers, 3 47, 79, 80. Lime workers, E L Hydrocyanic-add makers, 3 85, 80. Linen workers, E 2. Hydrofluorlc-sdd makers, J 49. Linoleum colorers, J 12. Hydrogen-sulphide workers, J 79. Linoleum makers, A 2 3, 0, B 1, J 5, 8, 15. 16, 31, 51. 53. 55, 80, Oa Ice (artificial) makers. Bee Artificialice makers. Ice-cream makers, A 8, 01 Imitation. See Artificial. Incandescent-lamp makers, J 24, 51, 54. 55. See alio particular occupation. Incandescent-mantle hardeners. G 2. Ink makers, J 18, 24, 28, 31, 44, 47, 55, 61, 65. Insectldde makers, 3 12, 28, 44. 51, 71, LInotypers, J 11, 24, 51. Linseed-oil boilers, J 5, 5L Lithographers. B 1, H, J 10, 12, 15, IB, 31, 47, 51, 54, 64, 65, 80, 84, 90. Lithopone makers, J 21. Llthotransfer workers, 3 Bl. Locksmiths, H. Longshoremen, F L Lumbermen, A 8, F 2. Luters (sine smelting), A 1, J IT. 81. Instrument dial (luminous) painters, G 1. Insulators, J 82. Iodine makers, 3 28. Machinists, H. Mall sorters, D, H. Manganese-dioxide workers, 3 SB. Manganese grinders, J 53.' Manganese-ore se-iarv`ert: J 5)?, alphabetical list of HAZARDOUS OCCUPATIONS 9 Manganese-steel makers, J 53. Muriatic-acid mixers. Bee Acid mix- Manometer makers, J 54. era. Marble cutters, E 1. Musical-instrument makers, J 51. Marbiers ({lass), A 1. Musicians, EC. Masons, C, E 1, H. Match-factory workers. C, E 1, 2 J 23, Neon lights letter makers, J 24. 81,31, 53, Tl* 74, 79. Nickel platers, C. See alio Electro Mattress makers, E 2. platers. Meat Inspectors, F 1. Nickel-purification workers (Mond Mechanics (gas engines), J 24. process), J 50. Melters (foundry; glass), 11,0 2. Nitranlllne workers, J 10. Mereerlzers, J 77, 80. Nitrators, J 64. 80. Mercury-alloy makers, J 54. Nitric-acid workers, J 7, 51, 64, 80. Mercury-boiler workers, J 54. Nltrobeuzine makers, J 16, 80. Mercury bronxers, J 54. Nitrobenzol workers, J 61. Mercury miners, J 54. See alio Miners. Nitrocellulose workers, J 3, 8, 9, 13, Mercury-pump workers, J 54. 16, 38, 64. 80. Mercury-salt workers,- J 54. Nitroglycerine makers. J 13, 51, 62, Mercury smelters, A 1, J 24, 54, 78. 64, 80. Mercury-solder workers, J 54. Nitrous-oxide workers, J 64. Mercury-still cleaners, J 54. Nurses, G L Mercury-switch makers, J 54. Mercury-vapor-lamp makers. J 54. Oilcloth makers. Bee Linoleum mak Metal polishers and cleaners. See ers. Polishers and cleaners (metal). Oil extractors, J 3, 23. 42, 84. Metal-polish makers, J 15, 25, 65. Oll-flotatlon-plant workers, J 67, 78, Metal refiners, J 47. 79. Metal turners, E 1. Oil purifiers, J 80. Metal workers. Bee particular occu Oil refiners. See Petroleum refiners. pation. Oil-well workers. J 67, 79. Methane (synthetic) makers, J 24. Open-hearth-department workers (iron Methyl-alcohol workers, J 3, 24, 55. and steel), A L Methyl-bromide makers, J 56. Oxalic-acid makers, J 35, 65. 74. Methyl-chloride makers, J 57. Oxyacetylene cutters. See Welders. Methyl-compound makers, J 55. Mica strippers or splitters, E 1. Packing-house employees, A 2, 3, C. Mica workers, E L Painters, H, J 8, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 16, Mlcroecoplsts, H. 23. 31. 51, 53. 54. 55, 90. Milkers, H. Painters (luminous watch and Instru Millinery workers, J 10, 15, 16, 55, 67, ment dials), G 1. 90. Painters (tar), J 82. Miners, A 2, 3, C. D, B 1, I 2.H, I 22, Paint makers, C, 3 8. 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 24. 79. 16, 23, 31, 47, 5L 53, 54, 55, 68. 82, Mirror silverers, A 3, C, J L 7, 16, 35, 88, 90. 44, 45, 51, 54, 76. Paint-remover makera, J 16, 68, 84. Mixers (felt hats), E 2, J 54. Paint removers, B 1, J 8, 8, 16, 51, Mixers (rubber), A 3, E 1, J 10, 11, 68. 84. 12. 15, 16, 31, 51. Pair heaters (tin plate), A L Mixing-room workers (miscellaneous), Paper-box makers, H. E 1, 2. Paper glazers, 3 12. Mold breakers (foundry), B 1. Paperhangers, E 1, J 12, 81. 51. Mold breakers (pottery), J 24. Paper makers, A 2, 8, C, J 18, 28, 44, Molders. Bee Bench molders; Floor 47, 77. 78, 79, 80. Bee alto par molders. ticular occupation. Monotypers, J U, 24, 51. Paraffin workers, J 3, 16. 23, 25, 67, 82. Mordanters, J 9, 11, 12, 15, 16, 27, 81. Paris-green workers, J 12. 35, 45, 64, 92. Bee alto Dyers. Patent-leather makers, A 3, J 8, 24, 51, Motlon-plcture-fllm workers, J 20, 24, 55, 80. 90. 84. See alto Pyroxylin-plastics Pavers, A 1, H, 3 82. workers. Pencil makers, J 10, 12 31. 75. Motion-picture-machine operators, G 2. Perfume makers. J 3, 8, 10, 20, 25, 34. Motion-picture-studio workers and ac 36, 45. 55, 61. 68, 80. tors, G 2. Motormen, A 3. Petroleum refiners, A L C, J 7, 15, 47, 51, 67. 77. 78. 79. 80. 82. Mottlers (leather), J. 8, 55. Muffle tenders, A L Phenol makers. 3 16, 68, 78, 80. Phenyl-hydrazine workers, J 69. Muriatic-acid makers. Bee Hydro- Phosgene makers. J 24, 28. 70. chloric-acld makers. Phognfcs'c ?z. --> rt" -* 3 47. 10 OCCUPATION' HAZARDS AND DIAGNOSTIC SIGNS Phosphate-mill workers, A 3, C, B 1, J TL See also Fertiliser makers. Phosphine workers, J 72. Phosphor-bronze workers, J 71. Phosphoric-add makers, J 35, 64. 80. Phosphorus-compound makers, J 71,79. Phosphorus-evaporating-machine oper ators, A 3, C, J 80. Phosphorus extractors, J 49, 71, 72. Phosphorus (red) makers, J 72. Phospburetted-bydrogen workers, J 72. Photo-engravers, J 16. 31, 55, 64. Photographers, D, G 2. See alto Pho tographic workers. Photographic workers, JL 3,& 10, 18. 18, 20, 28, 31, 35, 44, 47, 54, 55, 73, 76, 80. Photograph retouchers, J 61. Photogravure workers, J 81. Physicians, G 1. Picklera, A 2, C, J 13, 35, 47, 64, 80. Picric-acid makers, J 16, 84, 68, 73, 80. Pigment makers. Bee Color makers. Pipe fitters, J 51. See alto particular liquid piped. Pitch workers. J 12, 82. Pit molders (foundry), Al, EL Planer men (stone; metal), E 1. Plasterers, O, E 1 Plaster-of-parts workers, E 1. Platers. See Electroplaters. Platinum extractors, J 18. Plumbers, J 18, 24, 51. See alto par ticular substance piped. Pneumatic-tool workers, E 1, H. Polishers and cleaners (metal),D. E1, 2, H, J 15, 35, 47, 51, 05. Polishers (furniture). See Furniture polishers. Polish makers. E 1, J 8, 15, 56, 90. Porcelain makers. See Pottery work ers. Porters, H. Pot fillers (glass), A L Pot lifters (Iron and steel), A 1. Pot pullers (foundry), A 1. Pot-room workers (aluminum foundry; carbide plant), A 1. Pot setters, A 1. Pottery workers, A 1, 2, C, B 1, J 12. 22, 24. 47, 51, 58, 54, 78. Bee alto particular occupation. Pouncers (felt hats), El, 2. Pourers (brasp foundry). Bee Brass founders. Powder (smokeless) makers. Bee Smokeless-powder makers. Preparers (tannery), C, F 1, 8. Preservative makers and handlers, J 44. Pressers, H, J 24. Pressmen (oil refining), O. Pressmen (printers). E 1. Pressroom workers (rubber), A 8, J 10, 11, 12, 15, 18. Primers (explosives), J 54. Printers, E 1, J 10, 11, 12, 15, 51. 90. Puddlers (iron and steel), A L J 24. Pullers-out (felt hats), AZ Pulp-mill workers See Paper makers Putty makers. E 1. J 15, 23, 51. , Putty polishers (glass), E1.J5L Pyridine workers, J 75. Pyrites burners, A 1, E 1. J 12, 78, 79. Pyroxylin-plastics workers, E 2, J 1, 3. 5. 8, 15. 16, 20, 24, 35, 51, 56, 64, 79, 80. Quarrymen, El, F2. Radioactive-paint makers. Gl. Radioactive-water maker*, G 1. Radiologists, G 1. Radium ore reduction workers, G1. Radium-research workers, G 1. Rag workera, E 2. F 3. Rayon makers. A 2. C. J 7. 8, 13, 23, 35, 44. 47. 55, 79, 80. 84. Reclaimers (rubber), E 2, J 10, 16. 23, 47. 51, 68. 80. Red-lead workers, J 51. Refiners (metsls), Al. J12, 13, 24, 51. 54, 64, 78, 80. Bee alto particu lar occupation. Refiners (sugar). Sec Sugar refiners. Refrtger*ting-plant workers, AS, C, J T, Refrigerator (mechanical) makers and repairmen, J5, 40, 56, 57, 78. Repairers (foundries), J24. Re6r8io. (synthetic) makers, J L, 34, 44, Riveters, H. J51. Road repairers, A 1. Roentgenologists, Gl. Roller coverers (cotton mills), AZ B 2. Rollers (metals), Al. Roll setters (Iron and steel), Al. Roll wrenchers (Iron and steel), A1. Roofers. A 3, J 5L 8Z Roofing-material workers, Al, Z Roofing-paper workers, J 8Z Ropemakers, E 2. Roughers (Iron and steel), A 1. Rubber-cement makers. Bee Cement mixers (rubber). Rubber-glove makers, J 15, 18. Rubber (red) workers, J 11. Rubber-subatitute makers, Jl, 9, 28, 34, 81. Rubber-tire builders, J15, 16. Rubber workers, A 3. E 1, Z 3 8, 8, 10, 11, 12, 15. 16. 23. 25, 81, *4, 45. 51, 55, 78, 79. 81. 84, 90. Bee aUo particular occupation. Sagger makers, C, El, J61. Sallora, A 3. H. Salt extracton (coke ores by-prod ucts), J7. 80. Salt preparers, A Z 8, E 1. Sand blasters, E1. Sand cutters, El. Sanders, E 1. alfhabbtioal xjst or hazardous occttpatiostb 11 ganiMny.maffhln* operator*, E i- Smokeless-powder makers, J 8, 8, 9, Stndpaperers (enameling and painting 16, 23, 6L 64. 68, 73. asto bodies, etc.), E L 15L Smoothers (glass), C, E L Sandpaper makers, E1. Soap (abrasive) workers, E L Band pulverisers, E L Soap makers, A 3, C, F 3, J 5, 16, 44, Saw fliers, B L 45, 47, 53, 55, 61, 74, 77, 79, 80. Sawmill workers, E 2, T 2. Soda makers, C, J 7, 18, 22, 24, 28, 64, Sawyers, EL 79, 80. Scissors sharpeners, El, H. Sodium-hydroxide makers, C, 7 77. Scourers (metals), J 64. 80. Sodium-sulphide makers, J 79. Scourers, wood lasts (shoes), E2. Softeners (tannery), E 2. Scouring-powder makers, E1. Solderers, 7 13, 21, 24, 35, 47, 5L Scrapers (foundry), EL Solder makers, J 21, 61. Screen tenders (pulp mill), C. Sols stitchers (Blake machine), J 54. Screen workers (lead and sine smelt Soot packers, J 12. ing), EL J5L Spinners (asbestos), E 1. Sealers (incandescent lamps), J24. Spinners (textiles), E 2, H. Sealing-wax makers, J12, 90. Spongers, A 2, C. Seamstresses, H. Sprayers (trees), J 12, 35, 51. Sewer workers, C, J 7, 22, 24, 79. Spreaders (robber), A 8, J 15,16. Sewing-machine operators, H. Stablemen, F 1, J 7. Shade-cloth makers, J 15, 10. Stainers (shoes), J 5L Shale-oil workers. See Petroleum re Stamp-mill workers, A 2, C, E L finers. Starch makers, E 2, J 22, 79. Sharers (felt hats; far; tannery), C, Starters (felt hats), A 2, J 54. E 2, T 1, 3. Statuary workers, E 1. Sharing-brush makers, E 2, F 1. Steam fitter*. See Pipe fitters. Sheep-dip makers, J 12. Stearic-acid makers, A 3, J 5. Sheet-metal workers, J 5L Steel (chrome) workers, 7 31. Shellackers, J 8, 15. 18, 20. 5L 55, 90. Steel engravers, D, J 51, 54. See alto Shellac makers, J 7, 8, 15, 16, 20, 5L Engravers. 55, 90. Steeple Jacks, 7 24. Shell fillers, 7 62, 73. Shepherds, F L Stereotypers. A 3, J 1L 51. Stiffeners (felt hats), J 54, 55. Shoddy workers, E 2, F 3. 7 18, 28, Still (coal tar) cleaners, A 1, J 16, 47, 80. 82. Shoe dyers, J 6L Shoe-factory operatives, B 2, J 8, 15, 16, 55. See alto particular occupa tion. Shoe finishers, A S, J 7, 8, 9,15, 10, 55. Shoe makers See Cobblers. Shot makers J 1L 12, 51. Shore-in boys (glass), A L Sifters, E L 2. Silicate extractors, 7 49. Silk workers, E 2, F 8. Silo workers, J 22. SUrerers (mirrors). See Mirror ali verers. Silver-foil makers, J 7& Sliver melters and refiners, A 3, J 24, 35, 44, 76. _ Silver-nitrate makers, J 70. Silver platers, 7 76. Silversmiths, J 76. Singers (cloth), 7 24. Sintering-plant workers, E L Sixers (felt hats), A 2, J 54. Skimmers (glass), A 1, G 2. StlIlmen (carbolic add), A 1, 7 88. 8tillinen, A L Bee alto particular chemical. Stitchers (shoes), 7 55. Stokers, A 1, E 1, G 2, J 24. Stonecutters (dry), E 1, H. Stonecutters (wet process), C, B L H. Stonemasons, E L Storage-battery chargers, J 78, 80. Storage-battery makers, 7 11, 13, 21, 51, 54, 78, 80. 8traw-hat makers, A 8, E 2, 7 44. Street repairers, A 1. Submarine workers, J IS, 22, 28. Sugar refiners. All, O, B L 2, J 7, 22, 47, 78, 79, 80. Sulphates makers, J 80. Sulphides makers, J 79. Sulphite cooks (pulp mills), A 2, 8, J 78. Sulphur burners, A 1, E 1. J 12, 78. Sulphur-chloride makers, 7 28, 47, 79. Sulphurers (malt and hops), 7 78. Sulphur extractors, 7 28. Slag-machine tenders (iron and steel), Sulphuric-acid workers, J 12, 18, 5L ALU 64, 78, 79, 80. Slate workers, B L Sulpha; miners. 7 79. Slip makers (pottei?), C, E L J 51. Sulphur-monochloride workers, 7 SL Slnshers (porcelain enameling), J 5L Sumsckers (tannery), C, F L Smelters. See particular metal, Snrglcal-dresslng makers, 7 88. imis--as----- s 12 OCCUPATION- HAZARDS AND DIAGNOSTIC SIGNS Table hands (tannery), O, F 1. Ultramarine-blue makers, 3 78. Table operators (Iron and steel), A 1. Upbolsterers. Z 2, J 55. Table turners (enameling), A3, E t J 51. Tailors, H. Takers-down (glass), A 1. Talc workers, E 1. Tallow refiners, F 3, J 5, 23, 80. Tankmen. A 2, C. Tannery workers, C, F 1, 3, J 7. 8, 10, 12, 15, 22, 2T, 31, 35, 44, 45, 47, 51, 54, 65, 77, 78. 79, 80. Tapers (airplanes), J 84. Tappers (smelting), A 1. See alto particular metal. Tar-dlstlllery workers, J 34, 82. Taxidermists, E 2, F 1, J 12. 54. Tear-gas makers,. J 18, 28, 73. Teasers (glass), A 1, J 24. Telegraphers, H. Vanadium-steel workers, J 92. Vapor curers. See Vulcanlzers. Varnlshers, J 1. 3, 8. 9, 10, 15, 13, 20, 45, 51, 53. 55, 84. 90. Varnish makers, A 3, J 1, 3, 6. 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 18, 20. 45, 51, 53, 55, 84, 90. Vatmen, A 2, C, J 22. Vault workers, J 22. Velvet makers, A 2, J 12. Veterinarians, F 1, 3. Vignetters, J 47. Vinegar workers. J 1. 22. Vintners, J 22. Vinyl chloride makers J 93. Vulcanlzers, A 3, J 10. 11, 15, 18, 22, 23, 25. 31. 55. 78, 79. 81. Vulcanlzers (steam), A 2, C. Telephone linemen (trench work), C, J 24. Temperers, A 1, 2. J 24, 35, 51, 67. SO. Tetraethyl-lead makers, J 18, 51, 85. Textile-comb makers. E 1. Textile printers. See Calico printers. Textile workers. A 2, 3. C. E 2. See also particular occupation. Thallium workers. J 86. Thermometer makers, J 54, 86. Thread glazers, A 2, 3. Tile makers, A 2. 3. C, E 1, J 51. Tin-foil makers, A 1. J 51. Tinners, A 1. C, J 5, 7, 12. 13. 47, 51. Tin-plate-mill workers. Bee Iron and 8t&6l workers. Tire bulldera Bee Bubber-tire build ers. Tobacco mntsteners, C, J 22. Tobacco rollers, E 2. Tobacco workers, E 2. Tongsmen (Iron and steel), A 1_ Toolmakers, E 1. Topflllers (foundry), A 1, E 1, J 24. Wall-paper printers, A 2, 3, J 12, 31, 51. Warming-house employees (guncot ton), A 3. Washers, C. Washwomen, C, H. Watch-dial (luminous) painters, Q 1. Watchmakers D, H. Water gilders, J 54. Waterproofers (paper and textile), J 15, 16, 31, 44. Wax-ornament makers 3 12, 31. Wax refiners, J 80. Weavers. E 2, H. Weighers, E 1, 2. Welders, A1. O 2, J 16,17,21,24,51,54. Weil workers, J 22. White-lead workers, J 22, 51. Window-shade makers, J 15, 16. Wire drawers J 12, 47, 80. Wlrers (Incandescent lamps), J 8. Wood-alcohol distillers, J 3, 24. 55. Wood-last scourers (shoes). E 2. Tower-men (sulphuric add), J 13, 64, Wood preservers J 12. 54, 68, 82. 78, 80. Toy makers, J 8, 12. 51. Wood polishers. See Furniture polish ers. Train dispatchers, D. Wood stainers, J 81, 51. Transfer workers (pottery), 3 51. 90. Woodworkers E 2, 3 15, 55. Transparent-wrapping-material work Wool carders S2.Fi ers, A 8, J 8, 28, 47, 77, T9, 80. Wool scourers A 3, C. F L Transporters of hides and wool, F 1. Wool spinners, E 2, F 1. Tree sprayers. Bee Sprayers (trees). Wool workers, E 2, F L Bee also Trench diggers, F 2. Trinitrotoluol makers, J 16, 61. particular occupation. Wringers (guncotton), J 84. Tube makers (glass), A L Tabulators (incandescent lamps), J 24. X-ray photographers, Q 1. X-ray technicians, Q 1. Tumbtlng-barrel workers, E 1. Tunnel workers, B, D, F 2, J 22, 79. Feast makers J 1, 22, 80. Turners-out (glass), A L Zlncers J 85. Turpentine extractors, A 2, J 90. Zinc-chloride makers, 3 13, 28, 4T. Type cleaners, J 15, 55. Zinc-electrode makers, J 54. Type founders, J 11, 51. Zinc miners 3 12, 51, 53. Bee also Type melters, 3 "5, 51. Miners. Typesetters, J 51. Zinc smelters and refiners, A 1, E 1, Typists, H. J 11, 12, 17. 21, 24. 51. 78. Section II.--List of Hazards, Symptoms, Occupations Exposed, and Methods of Prevention A. Abnormalities of Temperature and Humidity Exposure to environmental temperature beyond the action of the body's thermostatic control primarily results in disturbances of the circulatory system. The cutaneous circulation responds to heat stimulation in the skin by increasing the blood flow through the capillaries. The capillaries, responding to a reflex action of the nerves in the skin, dilate and induce the flow of a greater volume of blood through the-cutaneous circulation. Cold, on the other hand, constricts the blood vessels of the skin, causing a diminished blood supply through the cutaneous circulation and not infrequently a serious congestion of the internal organs. Abrupt changes of tem peratures, particularly from extreme neat to cooler temperatures and often to cold currents of air or drafts, are of more frequent occur rence, resulting in much bodily discomfort, and are contributory causes of neuralgia and respiratory diseases. Extremes of tempera ture may produce acute symptoms in the body directly attributable to the temperature. Thus, exposure to excessively high tempera tures results in heat exhaustion or heat stroke; to excessively low temperatures in frostbite or gangrene and death. Trie relative humidity is an important factor to consider in con nection with temperature. It is contended that a low relative humid ity tends to dry up the mucous membranes of the nose, throat, and lungs, thus lowering the resistance of these organs to infection. An excessively high relative humidity, on the other hand, is undesirable because of its interference with tne normal evaporation of moisture from the skin. Under extreme conditions of high temperatures and high relative humidities there occurs a marked Increase in the pulse rate, systolic blood pressure, and in the body temperature. Low tem peratures and high relative humidities have the effect of undermin ing the general vitality of the organism, weakening its resistance todiseases of the respiratory passages, and to neuralgia and rheumatic affections. With the above data in mind, abnormalities of tempera ture have been classified under three headings, namely, "sudden variations of temperature", "extreme dry heat", and "heat and humidity." " Extreme cold " has not been listed as a distinct hazard, because temperature so low as to cause the direct effects mentioned above is rarely met in industry. It is evident that the occupations listed in the divisions " extreme dry heat ", and " heat and humid ity," are exposed not only to the danger of the direct action of the high temperatures but also to the hazard, "sudden variations of temperature." The prevention-of diseases due to exposure to extremes of tempera ture consists, obviously, in the avoidance of sudden variations of 14 OCCUPATION1 HAZABDS AND DIAGNOSTIC SIGNB temperature. Workers in cold processes should keep active and avoid nhilf The hot-process worker should allow his body to cool off gradually after completion of the day's work. He should carefully regulate his diet, drinking plenty of water. As direct preventive measures for the effects or extreme heat, it is advisable to make use of shields, helmets, goggles, water-cooled furnace doors, exhaust systems, cold air, fans. etc. Our knowledge of the responses of the body to atmospheric con ditions has been greatly enhanced recently by studies of American and foreign investigators. Men undergoing exposure to varying degrees ox temperature, humidity, and movement of air have been medically examined. It has been amply demonstrated that these variable factors must be jointly considered in determining whether working conditions are inimical to health. Zones of comfort and discomfort and of effective working conditions have been charted. Means to mitigate the hazards of nigh temperature and humidity in certain industries have been devised. Those who have need for technical data on these subjects will find much of value in the paper by Dr. R. R. Sayers ana Sara Davenport, entitled " Review of Literature on the Physiological Effects of Abnormal Temperatures and Humidity ", in the United States Public Health Service Reports, April 8, 1927, page 933, and in reports of cooperative studies con ducted by the United States Public Health Service, United States Bureau of Mines, and the Research Laboratory of the American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers. A. Abnormalities of Temperature and Humidity 1. Extreme Dry Heat Symptom, condition, or disease to look for Heat stroke preceded by a rise in body temperature. Increase In palse rate, flushing of skin, profuse sweating, fall of diastolic pressure with rise in systolic blood pressure. Anemia, general debility, catarrh, stiff joints, cramps, lumbago, Bright's disease. Skin eruptions. Cataracts, retinitis, co: Occupation* which offer i cA exposure Ammonium salts makers Annealers Antimony extractors (refiners) Axsenlc roasters Asbestos roofing makers Asphalt workers Bar-mill workers (iron and steel) Benzol-still men Bessemer converter workers (Iron and steel) Beta-still operators (beta naphthol) Billet-mill workers (Iron and steel) Bisque-kiln workers Blacksmiths Blast-furnace workers Blooming-mill workers (Iron and steel) Blowers-out (sine smelting) Bluers (revolvers) Boiler-room workers Brass founders Braslers Brick burners Brick makers Burners (enameling) Cappers (window glass) Carbide makers Carbon-black workers Carborundum makers Case hardeners Casters (Iron and steel) Catchers (Iron and steel) Cement workers Chargers (smelting) Chargers (zinc smelting) Coke-oven workers Color makers Copper smelters Core makers Corn-prodncts workers Cranemen (glass Indus try) Cranemen (iron and steel) Cruclble-steel-department employees Cupola men (foundries) Cyanamld makers Dressers (glass) Drop forgers Enamelers Engineers (stationary) Firemen (city) LIST or HAZARDS, SYMPTOMS, STC. 15 Firemen (stationary) Flattener* (slut) Floor molders (foundry) Forsemen Foundry worker* Furnace workers Gatherers (slats) Glass blowers Glass-furnace workers Graphite workers Hardeners (metals) Hot-rod rollers (Iron and steel) Iron and steel workers (all departments) Junk (metal) refiners Kiln tenders Lead-foil makers Lead smelters Leer tenders (slats) Levensen (Iron and steel) Lifters-over (slasa) Lime burners Luters (zinc smelting) Marblers (glass) Meiters (foundry;glass) Mercury smelters Muffle tenders Ope n-hearth-department workers (Iron and steel) Pair heaters (tin plate) Parers Petroleum refiners Pit molders (foundry) Pot fillers (glass) Pot lifters (iron and steel) Pot pullers (foundry) Pot-room workers (alu minum foundry; car bide plant) Pot setters Pottery workers Ponrers (foundry) Pnddlers (iron and steel). Pyrites burners Refiners (metals) Road repairers Rollers (metals) Roll setters (Iron and steel) Roll wrencbers (Iron and steel) Roofing-material work ers Ronghers (Iron and steel) Shove-in boys (glass) Skimmers (glass) Slag-machine tenders (Iron and steel) Still (coal tar) cleaners Still men (carbolic acid) Still men, operating Stokers Street repairers Sulphur burners Table operators (iron and steel) Takers-down (glass) Tappers (smelting) Teazers (glass) Temperers Tin-foil makers Tinners Tongsmen (iron and steel) Top fillers (foundry) Tube makers (glass) Turners-out (glass) Welders Zinc 8meltars 2. Heat and Humidity Symptom, condition, or disease to look for Heat stroke preceded by a rise in body temperature, Increase in pulse rate, flushing of akin, profuse sweating, fall of diastolic pressure with rise In systolic blood pressure. Anemia, general debility, catarrh, stiff Joints, cramps, lumbago, Bright's disease. Skin eruptions. Occupations which offer ieh exposure Artificial-leather workers Artifidal-sllk workers Bleachers Bleachery driers Blockers (felt hats) Brewers Calico printers Candy makers Canners Charcoal workers (sugar refinery) Cloth preparers Corn-products workers Cotton-mill workers Cottonseed-oil workers Digester house workers (paper and pulp) Doflers (textile) Dresser tenders (textile) Dye makers Felt extractors Felt-hat makers Felt makers Flax spinners Galvaniiers Laundry workers Linoleum makers Miners Packing-house employees Paper makers Plcklers Pottery workers Pullers-ont (felt hats) Pulp-mill workers Roller coverers (cotton mill) Roofing-material workers Salt preparers Sixers (felt hats) Spongers Stamp-mill workers Starters (felt hats) Sugar refiners Sulphite cooks (pulp mill) Tank men Temperers Textile workers Thread glasers Tile makers Turpentine extractors Vatmen Velvet makers Vulcanlxers (steam) Wall-paper printers 3. Sudden Variations of Temperature Symptom, condition, or disease to look for Congestion of internal organs, catarrh, neuralgic and rheumatic affections, gaxtro-LntestInal and veaical catarrh, peon--nP< vrlg.v*. - 16 OCCUPATION HAZARDS AND DIAGNOSTIC SIGNS Occupation* which offer tuoh expotore Aitlflcial-ice maker* Bakers Bleachers Brewers Batchers Caisson workers Calendered (rubber) Calico printers Candy makers Canned Cartridge shot shell paraffin dippers Charcoal workers (sugar refining) Clay and bisque makers (pottery) Cooks Corn-products workers Digester-house workers (paper and pulp) Dresser tenders (textile) Driers (felt hats) Drivers Dry cleaners Drying-room wo rkers (miscellaneous) Dye makers Dyer* Electrotypers Engineers (stationary) Extractor operators (soap) Fat renderers Felt-hat maker* Firemen (city; Firemen (stationary) Fishermen Flangers (felt hats) Gas (illuminating) workers Glost-kiln workers Glue workers Gypsum workers Hothouse workers Ice-cream makers Ironers Japan makers Easters (shoes) Laundry workers Linoleum makers Lumbermen Miners Mirror sllverers Mixers (rubber) Motormen Packing-house em ployees Paper maker* Patent-leather makers Phosphate-mill workers Phosphorus evaporating machine operators Pressroom workers (rub ber) Befrlgerat ing-plant workers Roofers Rubber workers Sailors Salt preparers Shoe finishers Silver melters Soap makers Spreaders (rubber works) Steurlc-acid makers Stereotypers Straw-hat makers Sugar refiners Sulphite cooks (pulp mill) Table turners (enamel ing) Textile workers Thread glasers Tile makers Transparent-w rapping- material coaters and driers Varnish makers Vulcanizers Wall-paper printers Warmlc g-house em ployees (guncotton) Wool scourers Pee alto Occupations ex posed to extreme dry heat. B. Compressed Air In building tunnels, laying deep foundations for large buildings, etc., it is necessary for the work to be carried on under increasedi air pressure in order to prevent the entrance of water into the exca vations. The laborer is lowered gradually and, at short intervals, the pressure of the air in the compartment is increased. The first sensation of compression is felt on the eardrums, which may be re lieved by the act of swallowing. If the air is too quickly compressed hemorrhage may occur. The greater part of the danger of working in compressed air lies in hasty decompression. While under com pression the blood and tissue juices dissolve an increased amount of air, the gases of which are released when the pressure is suddenly decreased. The bubbles of nitrogen thus formed cut off the blood supply from various parts of the body by blocking up the capillaries. The symptoms of compressed-air illness, the so-called " bends ", are the result. Workers in compressed air must follow strictly the rules govern ing gradual compression and decompression. State regulations re* gannng work in compressed air cover limits of pressure, hours of labor under varying pressures, time of compression and of decom pression, physical requirements, and other safety measures; see, for example, Inaustrial Code: Rules Relating to Work in Compressed Air, Bulletin No. 22, of the New York State Department of Labor, 1922, and the amendment to these rules reported in Special Bulletin No. 135 of the New York State Department of Labor, 1925, page 24. LIST OF HAZARDS, SYMPTOMS, BTC. 17 B. Compressed Air Symptom, condition, or ditease to look for Weakness, vertigo, pains in the back and legs, paralysis of legs and anna, painful constriction of the chest, cerebral hemorrhage and aphasia, coma, sub cutaneous hemorrhages. Impairment of hearing. Occupations which offer such exposure Caisson workers j Divers | Tunnel workers C. Dampness Most processes in which dampness is a hazard are associated with high or low temperature and high relative humidity, and have been dealt with under " abnormalities of temperature." There remains, however, to be considered, exposure to wet conditions where tem perature and humidity are apparently not abnormal. Such condi tions are brought together under the heading " dampness." Tank and vat men, washers and flushers, for example, are required to carry on their duties constantly in wet clothes. Drivers and other out door workers are also subject to frequent wetting from exposure to the weather. Exposure to dampness generally has been considered to be a con tributing factor in diseases of the respiratory system, neuralgic and rheumatic affections. Possibly dampness, like sudden variations in temperature, taxes the heat-regulating mechanism of the body. When dampness is a feature of any industrial process, work places should be supplied with drain channels to prevent the accumulation of water, or use should be made of duck boarding. Adequate water proof clothes should be supplied, such as rubber boots, rubberized aprons, etc. C. Dampness Symptom, condition, or disease to look for Diseases of the respiratory passages, neuralgic and rh'eumatlc affectiona. Occupations which offer such exposure Add dipper* Alkali-salt makers Artificial-ice makers Artificial-silk makers Anto painters Bater8 (tannery) Beamhouse w o r k r a (tannery) Beatermen (paper and pulp) Boiler washers Brewers Brlckmakers Cable splicers Caisson workers Canners Cartridge-cup washers Cartridge felt and wad makera Cartridge shot shell par affin dippers Clay and bisque makers (pottery) Clay-plug makers (pot tery) Cloth preparers Concentrating-mill work ers (lead and zinc) Cotton-mill workers Creosotlng-plant workers Doffers (textile) Dresser tenders (textile) Drivers Electroplater* Enamelera Explosives workers Extractor operators (soap) Fertilizer makers Filter-press workers Firemen (city) Fishermen Flash tenders (alumi num) Galvanfzers Class cutters Class finishers Glaze dippers (pottery) Glove makers (leather preparers) Glne workers Grinders (metals) Guncotton washers Hair workers Ice-cream makers Laaters (shoes) Lauhdry workers Lime pullers (tannery) Linoleum makers Masons Match-factory workers Miners Mirror silverers Nickel platen Packing-house employees Paint makers Paper makers Petroleum refiners Phosphate-mill workers 18 OCCUPATION HAZABDS AND DIAGNOSTIC SIGNS Phosphorus evaporating machine operators Pfclclers Plasterers Pottery workers Preparers (tannery) Pressmen (oil refining) Pulp-mill employees Refrigerating - plant workers - Sagger makers Screen tenders (pulp mill) Sewer workers Shavers (felt hats; fur; tannery) Slip makers (pottery) Smoothers (glass) Soap makers Soda makers Sodium hydroxide mak ers Spongers Stamp-mill workers Stonecutters (wet proc ess) Sugar refiners Sumackers (tannery) Tablehands (tannery) Tank men Tannery workers Telephone linemen (trench work) Textile workers Tile makers Tinners Tobacco molsteners Vatmen Vuleaniners (steam) Washers Wool scourers D. Defective Illumination Defective illumination, characterized by insufficient quantity of light, glare, unsuitability of color, and improper diffusion and dis tribution of light, is the cause of eye fatigue, headache, dizziness, and errors of refraction. Miners' nystagmus, a condition in which the eyeball acquires a peculiar oscillatory movement, is an outstanding example of the effects of insufficient illumination. This disease is very common among British miners, but apparently is not found to any extent among American miners. The explanation for the favor able situation of the American miner probably lies in the better illumination of the American mines. Not only is defective illumina tion the cause of these serious impairments of vision but it is an important factor in reduced working efficiency in industry generally, ana it is a very frequent cause of industrial accidents. The hazard of defective illumination is not limited to any single industry or group of industries. It may be present in any plant Men engaged in occupations requiring close, fine work, such as jewelers, engravers, clerks, and mail sorters, are especially liable to suffer from exposure to this hazard. It is a comparatively simple matter to provide for all the require ments for properly illuminating workplaces in some industries, while in others the advice of illuminating engineers is required. The American Standard Code of Lighting for Factories, Mills, and Other Work Places, prepared by the Illuminating Engineering Society of New York Citv, is an excellent reference work for those who nave need of a knowledge of the technical requirements of the work. D. Defective Illumination Symptom, condition, or diaeaae to look for Nystagmus, eyestrain, deficient vision due to astigmatism or hyperopia, head ache, giddiness. Eyestrain contributes to nearasthenia. Occupation* which offer tuch exposure Virtually all occupations. The following and similar occupations are espe cially subject to this hazard: Buffers Burnishers (iron steel) Caisson workers Clerks Compositors Embroidery workers Jewelers Mail sorters Metal polishers Miners Photographers Steel engravers Train dispatchers Tunnel workers Watchmakers LIST OF HAZASDS, SYMPTOMS, ETO. 19 E. Dust Dusts hare been divided into two kinds--organic and inorganic. Organic dusts do not cause pulmonary lesions, while inorganic dusts produce fibrosis of the lung tissue, the extent of which depends upon the kind of dust, the size of the dust particles, the concentration of dust, and the length of exposure to the particular dust inhaled. Dr. H. R. if. Landir found that, when fibrosis was present in the lungs of men exposed to organic dust, the latter was always mixed with some form of inorganic dust. Workers exposed to organic dust for years showed no pulmonary changes other than those found in people living in the city. Dust, whether organic or inorganic, by acting as a carrier of bacilli, may increase their number in the lungs. In this way men exposed to dust may be in greater danger of con* tracting tuberculosis than others. Whether or not all inorganic dusts, per se, are capable of produc ing lung fibrosis, given a sufficient length of exposure and a high enough concentration of dust, is still an open question. Many inor ganic dusts found in industry have been inhaled for long periods without noticeable injury. Dusts containing free silica, however, are definitely known to be extremely harmful, producing serious pul monary damage in a comparatively short time. The pathological condition resulting from exposure to silica dust is properly referred to as silicosis. X-ray pictures of the silicotic lung show a character istic mottling due to the formation of fibrotic nodules where silica has lodged in the lymphatic system. Symptoms of the disease may not show until it is well advanced, when there is a decreased lung expan sion, marked shortness of breath, and cough. The silicotic lung is a fertile field for the tubercle bacillus: a very largepercentage of cases of silicosis terminate in a fatal tuberculosis. Tne action of silica on the lungs is to promote the growth of connective tissue. Asbestos dust is another dust which, it has recently been definitely determined, produces a lung fibrosis under existing industrial condi tions, although its action is apparently milder than that of free silica. The relation of tuberculosis and asbestos dust is not entirely clear. Complete protection for workmen exposed to silica dust has been found difficult in many processes. X-ray pictures, therefore, should be taken at regular intervals of all workmen exposed. It is of the utmost importance that these pictures be interpreted by a physician familiar with the. appearance of the lungs at various stages in the development of silicosis. Workmen who are found to be affected should be transferred to other jobs, where they will not be exposed to dust. There are four methods that may be used to keep down the amount of dust generated through industrial processes. No one of these can apply to all conditions, out the particular method to be used must be adapted to the peculiarities of the process. 1. Tne use of water or oil to wet the dust, thus preventing it from rising and filling the atmosphere. This method is now believed to be of doubtful value in some processes, and in these should not be relied upon when other methods are practicable. 2. The use of exhaust systems which remove the dust at the point of origin. 181218*--<8-----4 20 OCCUPATION HAZARDS AND DIAGNOSTIC SIGNS 3. The use of enclosed chambers in which the dust-producing proc esses are confined, the processes being regulated by the operator from the outside. 4. The use of helmets covering the head and neck, preferably those which permit supplying air through a pipe from, a nondusty area. E. Dust 1. Inorganic Dust Symptonv, condition, or disease to look for Cough, dyspnea, pleuritic pains, hemoptysis, deficient expansion, dullness, diminished resonance, mucous riles, fibrosis. Inflammatory condition of eyes, ears, nose, and throat, colds, chronic catarrh of respiratory tract, chronic catarrh of digestive tract, pleurisy, tuberculosis. Occupation* which ofler tuch expotvro Abrasives workers Construction laborers Acetylene makers Core makers Asbestos workers Cotton-mill openers Basic sing (artificial Crucible mixers manure) workers Crusbermen (clsy and Battery (dry) makers stone) Bed rubbers (marble and stone) Cut-glass workers Cutlery makers Bench molders (foun dry) Bevelers Bisque-kiln workers Blasters Bone workers Bricklayers Brickmakers Bronzen Buffers Burrers (needles) Burr fliers Button makers Calenderers (rubber) Carbide makers Carbon-black workers Carbon-brush makers Carborundum workers Card grinders (textiles) Casting cleaners (foun dry) Cement workers Cyanamld makers Diamond cutters Diatomaceotu earth workers Drillers (rock) Electrotypers Emery-wheel makers Engineers (stationary) Engravers Fertilizer makers File cotters Filers Firemen (stationary) Flint workers Floor molders (foundry) Flue cleaners Foundry workers Glass blowers Glass cutters Glass finishers Glass mixers Glase mixers (pottery) Gold beaters Charcoal workers (sugar Gold refiners refining) Graphite workers Chargers (smelting) Grinders (metals) Charges (zinc smelting) Chasers (steel) Gypsum workers Horn workers Chimney sweepers House wreckers Cbippers Iron and steel mill Clay and bisqne makers workers (pottery) Jewelers Clay-ping makers (pot Junk (metal) refiners tery) Jute workers Coal passers Lapidaries Color makers Lead smelters Compositors I Lime burners Compounders < rtibber) Lime-kiln chargers Concentrating-mill work Lime workers ers (lead and zinc) Linoleum makers Lithographers Marble cutters Masons Match-factory workers Metal turners Mica strippers or split ters Mica workers Miners Mixers (rubber) Mixing-room workers (miscellaneous) Mold breakers (foundry) Puint removers Paper hangers Phosphate-mill workers Pit molders (foundry) Planer men (stone; metal) Plasterers Plaster of paris workers Pneumatic-tool workers Polishers Polish makers Pottery workers Pouncers (felt hats) Pressmen (printers) Printers Putty makers Putty polishers (glass) Pyrites burners Quarrymen Rubber workers Sagger makers Salt preparers Sand blasters Sand cutters Sanders Sanding-mtchlne opera tors Sandpaperers (enamel ing and painting auto bodies, eta) Sandpaper makers Sand pulverizers Saw filers Scissors sharpeners Scourlng-powder makers LIST OF HAZARDS, SYMPTOMS, BTC. 21 Scraper* (foundry) 8creeu workers (lead and sine smelting) Sifters Sintering-plant workers 81ag workers Slate workers Slip makers (pottery) Smelters (metal) Smoothers (glass) Soap (abrasive) workers Spinners (asbestos) Stamp-mill workers Statuary workers Stokers Stonecutters (dry) Stonec-tters (wet proc ess) Stonemasons Sugar refiners Sulphur burners Table turners (enamel ing) Talc workers Textile comb makers Tile makers Toolmakers Top fillers (foundry) Tumbling-barrel workers Weighers 2. Organic Dust Symptom, condition, or disease to look for Dryness of nose, throat and mouth, cough, anaphylaxis, asthma, bronchitis. emphysema, tuberculosis. Occupations tohioh offer Bakers Beamers (textiles) Blowers (felt hats) Broom makers Brushers (felt hats) Brush makers Buffers Button makers Carbonizera (shoddy) Carders (textiles) Card grinders (textiles) Carpet makers Cigar makers Cobblers Comb makers Coners (felt bats) Cork workers Cotton-mill workers Cotton twisters Carriers (tannery) Devil operators (felt hats) Doffers (textiles) Feather carers Feather workers Felt-bat makers Fiber workers Finishers (leather) Flax spinners Flour workers Formers (felt hats) Fur carders ch exposure Fur clippers Fur cutters Fur handlers Fur preparers Fur pullers Furniture polishers Olove makers (leather preparers) Glue workers Grain-elevator workers Grinders (rubber) Guncotton pickers Hair workers Harness makers Heel makers (shoe) Hemp workers Jute workers Enlttlng-mlU workers Lace makers - Lasters (shoes) Leather workers Linen workers Match-factory workers Mattress makers Mixers (felt hats) Mixing-room workers (miscellaneous) Polishers Pouncers (felt hats) Pyroxylin-plastics work ers Bag workers Roller coverers (cotton mills) Ropemakers Rubber workers Sawmill workers Scourers, wood lasts (shoes) Shavers (felt hats; fur; tannery) Shavlng-broah makers Shoddy workers Shoe-factory operatives Sifters Silk workers Softeners (tannery) Spinners (textiles) Starch makers Straw-hat makers Sugar refiners Taxidermists Textile workers Tobacco rollers Tobacco workers Upholsterers Weavers Weighers Wood-last scourers (shoes) Wood workers Wool carders Wool spinners Wool workers F. Infections Infectious diseases are frequently of occupational origin. Among the more common of these are anthrax, hookworm, tetanus, trachoma, f;landers, tularemia, actinomycosis, ringworm, athlete's foot, undu- ant fever, and septic infections. Anthrax, hookworm, and septic infections are of especial,interest because of the frequency of their occurrence in industry. A. brief summary, therefore, of the symp toms of these diseases and the principal occupations in which infection is likely to occur have been included. Prevention of these diseases lies in the observance of the wellestablished rules of general sanitation. The following special meas ures are also recommended: 22 OCCUPATION HAZARDS AND DIAGNOSTIC SIGNS L Anthrax.--All hides and animal hair must be thoroughly steri lized. Foreign skins or hair should not be carried on tne unpro tected shoulder. The hands should be frequently washed with bichloride of mercury. Hair sorters should wear respirators. 2. Hookworm.--Workers in mines and others who are exposed to infected soil should make special effort to keep the skin clean. Shoes must always be worn and gloves are also of value in preventing the entrance of the bookworm through the skin. Infected soil should be disinfected and kept dry. The utmost attention should be given to the prevention of soil pollution. 3. Septic infections.--Cuts, scratches, or abrasions should be treated at once to avoid infection. Men having open wounds should not be allowed to work with putrid material. F. Infections 1. Anthrax Symptom, conditio^ or disease to look for Anthrax (external): () Malignant pustule.--Begins as inflamed pimple or bolL Papule becomes bard, with a purple center and deep red zone of Infiltration surrounding, ap pearance of mlnnte vesicular areola. Central papule becomes vesicular, dis charges thick, bloody serum, later forming a brown gangTene. A painful lymphangitis with bard edema extending over neck and arm. Local phlebitis in the edematous area, chilliness, anorexia, vomiting, prostration, high tempera ture, feeble pulse. () Malignant edema.--A spreading Inflammation of loose connective tissue accompanied by sloughing and gangrene. Constitutional symptoms those of pyemia. Anthrax (Internal): High fever, pains In head and back, vomiting, constipation, pain and tender ness in the abdomen, rapid, feeble pulse, palpable spleen, dyspnea, cyanosis. May be hemorrhage from bowels. When lungs are Involved, there are addi tional symptoms--cough, pain in the chest, suffocation. Occupations which offer such exposure Animal handlers Baters (tannery) Beamhouse workers (tan nery) Brush makers Batchers Carpet makers Cattle salesmen Cobblers Curriers Fanners Fertiliser makers Fur carders Fur clippers Fur cutters Fur handlers Fur preparers Fur pullers Hair workers Leather workers Lime pullers (tannery) Longshoremen Meat inspectors Preparers (tannery) Shavers (felt hats; fur; tannery) Shaving-brush makers Shepherds Stablemen Sumackers (tannery) Table bands (tannery) Tannery workers Taxidermists Transporters of hides and wool Veterinarians Wool carders Wool spinners Wool workers 2. Hookworm (ankylostomiasis) Symptom, condition, or disease to look for Anemia, pallor of the face, even when the blood count is not very low; a dull, heavy, listless expression, manner, speech, and gait; Itching sores; perversion of taste; increasing muscular weakness; occurrence of parasites In stool. Vic tlms often complain' of gastrointestinal pains and cramps; in exaggerated cases there are edema, ascites, progressive emaciation, protuberant abdomen, anid increasing stupor. orLIST HAZARDS, SYMPTOMS, ETC. 23 Oocupatione which offer tuch avpcrurg Bride makers Lumbermen Construction-camp work- Miners ers Qnarrymen Farmers Sawmill workers Trench diggers Tunnel workers Note.--This disease occurs In the Southeastern States, and is prevalent also among the gold miners of California. 3. Septic Infections Symptom, condition, or iiteote to look for Skin Infections, such as bolls, carbuncles, blood poisoning, localized lymphan gitis or cellulitis. Occupationt which offer tuch eopotvre Animal handlers Butchers Handlers of putrid or de composing animal prod- Canners Feather workers Fertilizer makers Garbage workers Glue makers Hair workers nets Preparers (tannery) Rag' workers Sharers (felt hats; fur; tannery) Shoddy makers Silk workers Soap makers Tallow refiners Tannery workers Veterinarians G. Radiant Energy 1. X-rays, Radium, and Other Radioactive Substances (radiothorium, mesothorium, etc.) The increasing use of X-rays and of radium in the detection and treatment of disease and the more extended use of X-rays in indus try as an aid in detecting hidden defects in metals have greatly added to their importance as potential sources of occupational dis ease. Recently, radioactive substances (radium, radiothorium, mesothorium) have been added to the list of occupational hazards found in manufacturing industries following upon the discovery that these substances were responsible for the serious impairment and death of several young women who had been employed in the painting of luminous watch dials with radioactive paint. The hazard is now known to be present also in several other industries. Exposure to X-rays and emanations from radium and other radio active substances may produce serious burns and cancer, while the blood and blood-forming organs are profoundly affected. Anemia and leukopenia are frequently associated with exposure to radiations. Much has been learned concerning adequate measures for the pro tection of workers exposed to X-rays and radioactive substances since the early days of their discovery, when many pioneers in medi cal treatment with these new agencies, suffered severe mutilating disabilities because of their unmitigated exposure. Protective meas ures today have been worked out in considerable detail for the variety of conditions met with. See for example, The Journal of the American Medical Association, April 27, 1929, pages 1428-1430, and the Monthly Labor Review for June 1929, pages 22-24. Also, the brochure entitled "Protective Measures Against Dangers Resulting from the Use of Radium, Roentgen, and Ultra-Violet Rays ", pub lished by the League of Nations Health Organization, August 1931. 24 OCCUPATION HAZARDS AND DIAGNOSTIC SIGNS G. Radiant Energy 1. X-rays, Radium, and Other Radioactive Substances (radiothorium, mesotborium, etc.) Symptom, oondition, or disease to look for Anemia, leukemia, leukopenia, necrosis of bones, burns, dermatitis, cancer, sterility. Occupations which offer such exposure Chemists and laboratory workers (ra dium research) Painters of luminous watch dials and painters of instrument dials, and other workers in plants manufac turing luminous dials Physicians, nurses, and hospital at tendants tcamoacnve-paint masers Radioactive-water makers Radiologists Radium ore reduction workers Radium specialists Roentgenologists X-ray technicians and photographers 2. Ultraviolet and Infrared Rays Ultraviolet and infrared rays are an industrial hazard in a num ber of occupations, chiefly -welding and cutting. Although we can not see ultraviolet and infrared rays, they are very active and powerful and are usually coexistent with excessive radiance. Ultraviolet rays are chemical in their action, and cause intense irritation of the eyes and bums of the skin, similar to sunburn. Snow blindness, desert blindness, and the " eye flashes " of welders are one and the same condition, all due to the uction of ultraviolet rays upon the eye; their effects can be very painful and cause dis ability for several days, though usually they do not cause permanent damage. Infrared rays act upon the eyes simply as heat, but may cause permanent damage. There is little definite evidence that welding may cause cataract, similar to glassblower's cataract, but it is prob able that prolonged exposure to infrared rays may cause haziness of the cornea (part of eyeball). The injurious effects resulting from excessive light due to defective illumination are not considerednere, but treated as a separate hazard. See Hazard D. Goggles, helmets, shields, and masks, equipped with colored lenses especially designed to exclude the kinas ana intensities of rays met with, afford protection to the eye. Booths should be provided for welders working indoors to protect others working nearby. Clothing which covers the body completely protects the skin from irritation caused by the rays. 2. Ultraviolet and Infrared Rays Symptom, oondition, or dUeaee to look for Barns, cataract, conjunctivitis, dermatitis, electrical ophthalmia, photophobia, retinitis. Occupation* which offer such exposure Bakers Blacksmiths Braxers Cooks Cntters (oryacetylene and other gases) Electricians Electric linemen Furnace workers LIST OF HAZARDS, SYMPTOMS, ETC. 25 Oltu blower* Glaas-furnace worker* Incandescent mantle hardeners Iron and steel mill work er* Motion - picture - studio workers and acton Motion picture machine operatori Photographer* Stoker* Welders H. Repeated Motion, Pressure, Shock, etc. Under this heading are included the occupational neuroses, those muscle-strain conditions which are caused by continuous repetition of movements, pressure, or blows peculiar to many occupations, lliis section is not concerned with the neurasthenic phenomena fol lowing accidental injuries, commonly referred to as traumatic neu rosis. Everyone is familiar with the muscular strain experienced in performing for the first time some exercise, such as rowing, long walking, etc. Men newly introduced into a process requiring sucn repeated action are affected similarly but often much more severely, so as to disable them temporarily for the particular job. After long-continued exposure the muscles involved do not function when called upon to perform the accustomed task, although their function is unimpaired for other activities. The injury does not stop with muscular strain but may even cause inflammation of the surrounding sheaths or paralysis of the parts concerned. Where continuous pressure or shock is the cause, pads or cushions are often beneficial. Workers who have to grasp tools tightly would do well frequently to change their method of holding the instrument, if this is possible. Occasional rest periods will do much toward the prevention of muscular pains-and cramps. H. Repeated Motion, Pressure, Shock, etc. Symptom, condition, or disease to look for Pain of muscle used, set up by a myositis, bursitis, synovitis, or other local changes of a chronic inflammatory nature; trembling, gradual emaciation and partial paralysis of rts, acroparesthesia. Oocuptions which offer t Artificial-flower makers Barbers Bicyclists Blacksmiths Carpenters Chauffeurs Clerks Cobblers Compositors Cotton twisters Dancers Diamond cutters Elevator runners Enamelers Engravers Furniture polishers Gold beaters Hammermen A exposure Jewelers Knitters Lathe turners Letter sorters Lithographers Locksmiths Machinists Mail sorters Masons Mlcroscopists Milkers Miners Musicians Painters Paper-box makers Pavers Pneumatic-tool workers Polishers Porters Presaers Riveters Sailors Sawyers Scissors sharpeners Seamstresses Sewing-machine opera tors Spinners (textiles) Stonecutters Tailors Telegraphers Typists Washwomen Watchmakers Weavers 26 OCCUPATION HAZAXDS AND DIAGNOSTIC SIGNS J. Poisons The continued introduction of new processes making use of new poisonous substances and the increasing use in industry of other substances well known to be injurious to health make this section of more and more importance. During comparatively recent years the highly poisonous chemicals, tetraethyl lead and radio-active paints, have been introduced into manufacturing processes and have been productive of serious poisoning. A group of refrigerants (methyl bromide, methyl chloride, etc.) have found widespread use in the manufacture of refrigerators and have proved injurious to the health of workmen. Phosphorus, tetrachlorethane, and certain other chemi cals, on the other hand, have decreased in importance. Industrial goisoning caused by these substances is comparatively rare today. ince we cannot foretell, however, when a new use will be found m industry for a poisonous substance, the inclusion of these chemicals in our list has been thought desirable. The revised List of Industrial Poisons, compiled by Sommerfeld and Fischer for the International Association ror Labor Legislation, has formed the basis for the data presented in this section.1 The material in that list has been revised and brought up to date. A number of poisons have been added, and the occupations exposed are given for each poison. The symptoms cited are those which are reported in the best works available. In order to avoid swelling the list of poisons to unwarranted proportions, substances, the effects of which are similar, have been grouped. Thus all nitro compounds of benzol and its homologues have been included under one heading* and the same procedure has been followed with amino Compounds. The next section (p. 50) is devoted to the substances occurring in industry which produce typical occupational dermatoses. Because of the very large number oi substances in the latter class it has not been possible to treat them as fully as the other poisons. To prevent industrial poisoning the following precautions should be taken: Workers must be instructed aa to the toxicity of the substance handled. Frequent medical examinations of workers must be made to detect early symptoms of disease. Before new substances are employed in industrial processes their toxicity should be determined. Personal cleanliness must be maintained, and proper washroom facilities, therefore, should be provided. Men should not be allowed to eat in workrooms where poisonous substances are handled. Work clothes should receive special attention and should be removed at the end of the. day's work. The use of gloves and boots is often necessary. Mechanical devices for confining the poisons are of prime impor tance. Reference should be made m this connection to the preventive measures discussed under " Dust." Fumes and gases should be taken care of by proper ventilation, the use of exhaust systems, fans, and blowers. Men who work in an atmosphere polluted by poisonous fumes and gases should always wear gas masks properly suited for the obtaining conditions. *B D.S. Buraaa of Labor Statlatlca BuL No. ICO. Washington, 1913. LIST 07 HAZARDS, SYMPTOMS, ETC, 27 J. Poisons 1. Acetaldehyde Symptom, condition, or diteaee to look for Irritation of mucous membranes of eyes and respiratory tract dyspnea and cough, acceleration of heart profuse night sweats. Occupation* which offer each exposure Acetaldehyde workers Aldehyde pumpmen Disinfectant makers Dye makers Explosives workers Mirror sllverers Photographic workers Pyroxylin-plastics work ers Resin (synthetic) makers Rubber (synthetic) mak ers Yarnlshers Varnish makers Vinegar workers Xeast makers 2. Acetanilide. See Aniline 3. Acetone Symptom, condition, or diteate to look for Irritation f skin and mucous membranes of eyes and respiratory tract Occupation* which offer such expoture Acetone workers Acetylene workers Airplane-dope makers Artificial-leather makers Cellulose acetate makers Chloroform makers Dye makers Dyers Explosives workers Lacquerers Lacquer makers Methyl-alcohol makers Nitrocellulose workers Oil extractors Painters Paint makers Paint removers Paraffin workers Perfume makers Photographic workers Pyroxylin-plastics work ers Rubber workers Smokeless-powder mak ers Transparent wrapping - material workers Vamlshers Varnish-makers Wood-alcohol distillers 4. Acridine Symptom, condition, or disease to look for Irritation of skin and mucous membranes of eyes and respiratory tract violent sneezing. Occupation* which offer tuch expoture Acridine workers | Dye makers 5. Acrolein Symptom, condition, or disease to look for Irritation of skin and mucous membranes of eyes and respiratory tract bronchial catarrh. Occupation* which offer such exposure Acrolein workers Bone Tenderers . Candle makers Fat Tenderers Galvanizers Glue makers Lard makers Linoleum makers Linseed-oil boilers Pyroxylin-plastics work ers Refrigerator makers and repair men Soap makers Stearic-add makers Tallow refiners Tinners Type melters Varnish makers 6. Aluminum Not generally regarded as an Industrial poison. 28 OCCUPATION HAZARDS AND DIAGNOSTIC SIGNS 7. Ammonia Symptom, condition, or disease to look for Irritation of respiratory passages, cough and dyspnea, pulmonary edema, bronchitia, severe irritation of eyes, conjunctivitis, caustic action on skin. Oocupatlont which offer such exposure Acetylene workers Ammonia workers Ammonium-salts makers Artiflcial-lce makers Artificial-silk makers Boneblack makers Bronzers Calcium carbide makers Coke-oven workers Color makers Cyanide makers Dye makers Dyers Explosives workers Fertilizer makers Galvanizers Gas (111 n m 1 n a t lng) workers Gas purifiers Glue makers Lacquer makers Mirror silverers Nitrlc-add makers Petroleum refiners Refrlger a ting-plant workers Salt extractors (cokeoven byproducts) Sewer workers Shellac makers Shoe finishers Soda (Solvay) makers Stablemen Sugar refiners Tannery workers Tinners Varnish makers 8. Amyl Acetate Symptom, condition, or disease to look for Irritation of mncons membranes of eyes. nose, throat, and bronchial tubes, headache and vertigo, fullness of the head, drowsiness, oppression in chest, cough, nausea. Occupations which offer such exposure Airplane-dope makers Alcohol-distillery work ers Amyl acetate workers Art-glass workers Artificial -leather workers Artificial-pearl makers Artlflcial-sllk makers Battery (dry) makers Bookbinders Bronzers Buffers (rubber) Calico printers Camphor makers Cutlery makers Dyers Enamelers Enamel makers Explosives workers Fruit-essence makers Furniture polishers Gliders Jewelers Lacquerers Lacquer makers Leather workers Linoleum makers Mottlers (leather) Nitrocellulose workers Painters Paint makers Paint removers Patent-leather makers Perfume makers Photographic-film mak ers Polishers (wood) Polish makers Pyroxylin-plastics work ers Shellackers Shellac makers Shoe-fnctory workers Shoe finishers Smokeless-powder mak ers Tannery workers Toy makers Vamlshers Vnrnish makers IVlrers (incand ascent lamps) 9. Amyl Alcohol Symptom, condition, or disease to look for Irritation of eyes and respiratory tract, headache and vertigo, dyspnea and cough. Occupations which offer such exposure Alcohol-distillery work Lacquer makers ers Mordanters Amyl-acetate makers Amyl-nltrlte makers Explosives workers Fruit-essence makers Fusel-oil workers Lacquerers Nitrocellulose workers Painters Paint makers Rubber (synthetic) makers Shoe finishers Smokeless powder makers Varnlshers Varnish makers LIST OP HAZARDS, SYMPTOMS, ETC. 29 10. Aniline and Other Amino Compounds of Benzol and Its Homologues Symptom, oondition, or disease to look for Pallor followed by cyanosis, especially of lips and finger tips, weakness, somnolence, Irritability, mental confusion, headache and vertigo, unsteudy gait, muscular tremor and convulsions, eczematous eruptions, anemia, weak pulse, brownish discoloration of the blood -nd urine, disorders (tumors, etc.) of the bladder. Occupations which offer such exposure Acetanilide workers Feather workers Pressroom workers (rub Aniline makers Germicide makers ber) Artificial-leather makers Lithographers Printers Calico printers Millinery workers Reclaimers (rubber) Camphor makers Mixers (rubber) Rubber workers I Coal-tar workers Kitranlllne workers Tannery workers Compositors Painters Vamishers Compounders (rubber) Paint makers Varnish makers Dye makers Pencil (colored) makers Vulcanizers Dyers Perfume makers Explosives workers Photographic workers 11. Antimony and Its Compounds Symptom, condition, or disease to look for Irritation and eczematous eruptions of the sldn. Inflammation of mucous membranes of nose, mouth, and throat, gastro-intestlnal disorders with vomit ing, diarrhea, intestinal colic. Occupations which offer such exposure Antimony extractors (refiners) Battery (storage) mak ers Brass founders Burnishers (Iron and Compounders (rubber) Copper refiners Dye makers Electroplaters Electrotypers Enamel makers steel) Filers Burnishers (rifle bar- Fireworks makers rels) Glass mixers Calico printers Glaze dippers (pottery) Chargers (zinc smelt- Glaze mixers (pottery) ing) Grinders (metals) Color makers Grinders (rubber) Compositors Lead smelters Llnotypers Mixers (rubber) Monotypers Mordanters Pressroom workers (rubber) Printers Rubber (red) workers Shot makers Stereo typers Type founders Vulcan lzers Zinc refiners 12. Arsenic and Its Compounds Symptom, oondition, or disease to look for Headache, eruptions and bronzing of skin, loss of nails and hair, keratosis. Inflammation of mucous membranes, gastro-intestinal disturbances with nausea, vomiting, and severe diarrhea and abdominal pains, peripheral polyneuritis, muscular weakness and paralysis, perforation of nasal septum. Occupations which offer Arsenic roasters Artificial-flower makers Artificial-leather makers Bookbinders Brass founders Briquet makers Bronzers Calico printers Candle (colored) makers Carpet makers uch exposure Carroters (felt hats) Chargers (zinc smelting) Chimney sweepers Colored-paper workers Color makers Compounders (rubber) Copper founders Copper smelters Curriers (tannery) Cut-glass workers Decorators (pottery) Dye makers Electroplaters Enamelers Enamel makers Farmers Feather curers Feather workers Felt-hat makers Ferrosllicon worker* 30 OCCUPATION HAZARDS AND DIAGNOSTIC SIGNS Fireworks makers For handlers Far preparers Galvanisers Gardeners Glass mixers Glase dippers (pottery) Glaze mixers (pottery) Gold refiners Insecticide makers Japan makers Japanners Lacquerers Lacquer makers Lead smelters Linoleum colorers Lithographers Mixers (rubber) Mordanters Painters Paint makers Paper glarers Paper hangers Paris-green worsts Pencil (colored) makers Pitch workers Pottery workers Pressroom workers (rub ber) Printers Pyrites burners Refiners (metals) Rubber workers Sealing-wax makers Sheep-dip makers Shot makers Soot packers Sprayers (trees) SulphUV burners Sulphurlc-acld workers Tannery workers Taxidermists Tinners Toy makers Velvet makers Wallpaper printers Wax ornament makers Wire drawers Wood preservers Zinc miners Zinc refiners 13. Arseniuretted Hydrogen (arsine) Bl/mptom, condition, or disease to look for Feeling of faintness and weakness, intense headache, nausea and vomiting. Jaundice, abdominal pains, hemoglobinuria, shivering and chills, gastric disorders. Occupations iohioh offer ich exposure Acetylene workers Acid dippers Aniline workers Arseniuretted hydrogen makers Artificial-silk makers Balloon (hydrogen) workers Battery workers Bleaching-powder makers Bronzers Carbonizers (shoddy) Chemical workers Dimethyl-sal phate makers Dye makers Electrolytic-process (cop per) workers Electroplaters Etchers Ferrosillcon workers Fertilizer makers Galvanizers Gas workers Gold extractors Jewelers Lead burners Lime burners Nitrocellulose makers Nitroglycerine makers Paper makers Picklers Plumbers Refiners (metals) Shoddy workers Soda makers Soldererk Submarine workers Sulphniic-add workers Tinners Towermen (sulphuric acid) Zinc-chloride makers 14. Barium Most of the salts of barium are poisonous when Ingested. Few cases of Industrial poisoning, however, have been reported. The symptoms reported In industrial poisoning Include whitening and loss of hair, paralysis, acceleration of the heart, cyanosis of the skin, gastric pain, and vomiting. 15. Benzine (naphtha-gasoline) Symptom, condition, or dUeaee to look for Headache and vertigo, nausea and vomiting, Irregular respiration, drowsi ness, Irritation of skin and mucous membranes, "naphtha jag" (a condition resembling mild alcoholic intoxication), visual disturbances, twitching of the muscles. Occupations which offer Art-glass workers Bronzers Buffers (rubber) Cast scrubbers (electro- platers) Cementers (rubber shoes) Cement mixers (rubber) ch exposure Chauffeurs Compositors Compounders (rubber) Curriers (tannery) Decorators (pottery) Degreasers (fertilizer leather) Dippers (rubber) Driers (rubber) Dry cleaners Dyers Electroplaters Enamelers Enamel makers Feather workers Furniture polishers LIST 07 HAZARDS, SYMPTOMS, ETC. 31 Garage worker! Gasoline-engine woi Gllderi Glue worker! Japan makers Japaiueri Lacquerers Lacquer makers Linoleum makers Lithographers Metal-polish makers Millinery workers Mixers (rubber) Mordanters Painters Paint makers Petroleum refiners Polishers Polish makers Pressroom workers (rubber) Printers Putty makers Pyroxylin-plastics work ers Rubber-glove makers Rubber-tire builders Rubber workers Shade-cloth makers Shellackers Shellac makers Shoe-factory workers Shoe finishers Tannery workers Type cleaners Varnishers Varnish makers Vulcan lzers Waterproof-cloth makers Window-shade makers Woodworkers 16. Benzol (benzene) and Its Homologues (toluol and xylol) Symptom, condition, or diteaae to look for Headache and vertigo, hemorrhages, spots of extravasated blood on the skin, anemia, Injury to blood-forming organs, kidneys, liver and nervous system, marked susceptibility to infection, local irritation (bronchitis, conjunctivitis, stomatitis, etc.), narcosis (acute poisoning). Occupation* which offer tuck eopotur* Airplane-dope workers Alcohol (denatured) workers Aniline makers Artificial-leather makers Battery (dry) makers Benzol-still men Blenders (motor fuel) Brake-lining makers Bronsers Oan (sanitary) makers Carbolic-acid makers Cast scrubbers Oementers (rubber) Cement mixers (rubber) Coal-tar workers Coke-oven workers Color makers Compounders (rubber) Decorators (pottery) Degreasers (fertiliser; leather) Dippers (rubber) Driers (rubber) Dry cleaners Dye makers Electroplaters Enamelers Enamel makers Engravers Explosives workers Extractors (oils and fats) Feather workers Gas (Illuminating) workers Gilders Glue workers Lacquerers Lacquer makers Linoleum workers Lithographers Millinery workers Mixers (rubber) Mordanters Nitrobenzene makers Nitrocellulose workers Oilcloth makers Painters Paint makers Paint-remover makers Paint removers Paraffin makers Phenol makers Photo-engravers Photographic workers Picric-acid makers Pressroom workers (rubber) Pyroxylin-plastics work ers Reclaimers (rubber) Rubber-tire builders Rubber workers Shade-cloth makers Shellackers Shellac makers Shoe-factory workers Shoe finishers Silverers S m o k e 1 e s s-powder makers Soap makers Still (coal tar) cleaners Treaders (rubber) Trinitrotoluol makers Varnishers Varnish makers Vulcanlzers Water proof-fabric makers Welders Window-shade makers 17. Brass (zinc) Symptom, condition, or di*ea*e to look for Headache, general malaise, irritation of throat, cough, slight nausea, severs chills with fever, profuse perspiration, trembling, muscular pains, exhaustion. Occupation* which offer ruch eapoture Bench molders (foundry) Blowers-out (zinc smelt ing) Brass founders Braziers Bronsers Chargers (zinc smelting] Core makers Floor molders (foundry] Galvanlzers Junk-metal refiners Luters (zinc smelling) Pourers (brass foundry) Welders Zinc smelters 32 OCCUPATION HAZABDS AND DIAGNOSTIC SIGNS 18. Bromine Symptom, condition, or diteat* to look for Violent Irritation of air passages, bronchitis, and conjunctivitis, sensation of suffocation, skin eruptions, brosvnish discoloration ot skin and mucous membranes. Occupation* tchicA offer tuch expoture Bromine salts makers Color makers Disinfectant workers Dye makers Ethylene dibromide makers Gold extractors Ink makers Platinum extractors Tear-gas makers Tetraetbyl-lead makers Photographic-film mak ers 19. Butyl Acetate. See Amyl Acetate 20. Butyl Alcohol Animal experimentation showed marked dermatitis, early liver degeneration, a definite increase In red blood cells, with an absolute and relative lympho cytosis. Occupation* ichich offer tvch exposure Artificial-leather work ers Artificial-silk workers Butyl-alcohol makers Motion-picture-film work ers Perfume makers Photographic-film mak ers Pyroxylin plastics work ers Shellackers Shellac makers Varnishers Varnish makers 21. Cadmium Symptom, condition, or dlteate to look for Weakness, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, headache, shivering, dryness of throat, rapid pulse, fatty degeneration of liver, inflammation of kidneys, brown urine. Animal experimentation showa generalised pneumonia. Oooupottoni Khich offer tuch expoture Cadmium-alloy makers Cadmium and cadmium- compound makers Cadmium platers Cadmium - vapo r-ltmp makers Calico printers Chargers (zinc smelting) Color makers Electroplaters Glass colorers Llthopone makers Solderers Solder makers Storage-battery makers Welders Zinc smelters and refiners 22. Carbon Dioxide Carbon dioxide Is now generally regarded as a simple asphyxiant. The symptoms preceding asphyxia are: Headache and vertigo, dyspnea, drowsiness, muscular weakness, flushing of face, tinnitus aurium. Occupation* tchick offer tuch expoture Alkali-salt makers Bakers Blacksmiths Blast-furnace workers Boiler-room workers Brass founders Brewers Brick burners Caisson workers Carbonated-water makers Carbon - dioxide-ice workers Carbonic-acid makers Charcoal burners Divers Drying-room workers Fertilizer workers Foundry workers Furnace workers Glass workers Glue makers Lime burners Lime-kiln workers Miners Pottery workers Sewer workers SUo workers Sods makers , -V Submarine workers 8ugar refiners Tannery pit men Tobacco molstenera (storehouse) Tunnel workers Vatmen Vault workers Vinegar makers Vintners Vulcanizers Well workers White-lead makers Toast makers LIST OP HAZARDS, SYMPTOMS, ETC. 33 23. Carbon Disuiphide Symptom, condition, or disease to look for Headache, vertigo, weakness, psychical effects (hilarity, agitation, Irritabil ity, hallucinations, mania), disturbances of sensation, particularly of sight, peripheral neuritis, digestive disturbances. Oooupations which offer t ch exposure Acetylene workers Ammonium-salts makers Artiflclal-silk makers Asphalt testers Carbanillde makers Carbon-disulphide mak ers Cellulose workers Cementers (rubber shoes) Cement mixers (rubber) Driers (rubber) Dry cleaners Electroplaters Enamelers Enamel makers Explosives workers Clue workers Insecticide makers Match-factory workers Oil extractors Painters Paint makers Paraffin workers Putty makers Reclaimers (rubber) Smokeless-powder mak ers Sulphur extractors Tallow refiners Transparent-w rapping- material workers Vulcanizers 24. Carbon Monoxide Symptom condition, or disease to look for Tightness across forehead, painfulness of the eyeball, dilatation of cutaneous vessels, headache (frontal and basal), throbbing in temples, weariness, weak ness, dizziness, nausea and vomiting, loss of strength and muscular control. Increased respiration and pulse, collapse, anemia, polycythemia, presence of carbon monoxide hemoglobin. Non--Poisoning may proceed in some persona to the stage of collapse with out causing any subjective symptoms. Exposure to high concentrations of carbon monoxide for short periods, may, through the effect of oxygen deprivation, cause degenerative changes in va rious tissues of the body. Chronic exposure to low concentrations for long periods of time according to some investigators, may produce permanent Injury. Oooupation* which offer such exposure Acetylene workers Ammonia makers (Ha- ber-Bosch method) Bakers Balloon inflaters Bisque-kiln workers Blacksmiths Blasters Blast-furnace workers Blockers (felt hats) Boiler cleaners Boiler-room workers Brass founders Brick burners Cable splicers Calico printers Carbide makers Charcoal burners Chargers (foundries) Chargers (zinc smelting) Chauffeurs Chimney masons Chimney sweepers Cleaners (foundries) Cloth singers Coal-tar workers Coke-oven workers Cooks Copper smelters . Core makers Cupola men (foundries) Drier workers (found ries) Drying-room workers (miscellaneous) Enamelers Enamel makers Engineers (stationary) Filament makers and finishers (incandescent lamps) Firemen (city) Firemen (stationary) Flangers (felt hats) Flue cleaners Foundry workers Fumlgators Furnace workers Oarage workers Oas (illuminating) workers Gassers (textiles) Glost-klln workers Incandescent-lamp mak ers Ink (printer's) makers Ironers Klin tenders Laboratory workers Laundry workers Lead smelters Lime burners Lime-kiln chargers Linotypers Mechanics (gas engines) Mercury smelters Methane (synthetic) makers Methyl alcohol (synthet ic) makers Miners Mold breakers (pottery) Monotypers Motion-plcture-fllm work ers Neon lights letter makers Patent-leather makers Phosgene makers Plumbers Pottery (kiln) workers Pressers Puddlers (foundries) Pyroxylin-plastics work ers Refiners (metals) Repairers (foundries) Sealers (incande scent lamps) Sewer workers Sliver melters Singers (cloth) Soda makers (Leblanc) Soiderers 34 occur*.nets' hazabds and diagnostic signs Steeple Jack* Stokers Teasers (gisse) Telephone linemen (trench work) Temperers Top fillers (foundry) Tabulators (Incandescent lamps) Welders Wood-alcohol distillers Wood-charcoal workers Zinc smelters 25. Carbon Tetrachloride Symptom, condition, jr disease to look for Irritation of nose, eyes, and throat, headache, nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite, mental dullness, confusion and excitement, dermatitis. Occupations which offer tuck exposure Airplane-dope workers Dry cleaners Carbon-tetr a c h 1 o r 1 d e workers Cementeri (rubber) Cement mixers (rubber) Degreasers (textiles) Electroplaters Fire-extinguisher makers Firemen (city) Lacquerer* Lacquer makers Metal-polish makers Paraffin workers Perfume makers Rubber workers Vulcanisera 26. Cellosolve (mono-ethyl ether of ethylene glycol) This compound Is used as a solvent for'nitrocellulose and resins In the manu facture of lacquers. According to the United States Bureau of Mines, animal experimentation shows Inactivity, weakness, dyspnea, and death following exposure for 18 to 24 hours to air saturated with cellosolve vapor (0.6 percent by volume). 27. Chloride of Lime Symptom, condition, or disease to took for Irritating cough, inflammation of upper air passage, difficulty In breathing, asthma, bronchitis* conjunctivitis, lachrymation, hyperhidrosls, burning erup tions on the skin. Occupations which offer such exposure Acetylene workers Chloride of lime makers Bleachers Chloroform makers Bleaching-powder mak Disinfectant makers ers Dye makers Laundry workers Mordanters Tannery workers 28. Chlorine Symptom, condition, or disease to look for Irritation of mucous membranes of eyes and respiratory tract, bronchitis, cough, pulmonary edema, dyspnea, pallid countenance and emaciation, gastric disturbances, deoo'ad teeth, irritation of skin, and chloracne. Oooupations which offer such exposure Alkali-salt makers Detinnlng workers Beatermen (paper and Disinfectant makers pnlp) . Bleachers Bromine makers Broom makers Dye makers Extractors (gold and silver) Ink makers Calico printers Iodine makers Chloride of lime makers Laundry workers Chlorine workers Paper makers Oolor makers Phosgene makers Photographic workers Robber-substitute mak ers Shoddy makers Soda makers Submarine workers Sulphur-chloride makers Tear-gas makers Zinc-chloride makers 29. Chlorodinitrobenzol. See Nitrobenzol 30. Chloronitrobenzol. See Nitrobenzol LIST 07 HAZARDS, SYMPTOMS, ETC. 35 31. Chromium Compounds Symptom, condition, or disease to look for Pitlike phagedenic ulcers, very difficult to heal and very painful, occurring on the skin, moat frequently on the hands, and on the mucous membranes; inflam mation and perforation of the nasal septum at the cartilaginous portion; eczematous eruptions, Irritations of the conjunctira and of the respiratory pas sages with rare inflammation of small areas In the lungs. Occupations which nffer itch exposure Acetylene workers Aniline-Compound work ers Artlflclai-flower makers Battery (dry) makers Bleachers Blueprint makers Calico printers Candle (colored) makers Carbon printers (photog raphy) Chrome workers Chromium platers Color makers Compounders (rubber) Crayon (colored) makers Dye makers Dyers Electroplaters Enamelers Enamel makers Explosives (ammonal and pyroxylin) workers Frosters (glass and pottery) Furniture polishers Class colorers Olaze workers (pottery) Ink makers Linoleum workers Lithographers Match-factory workers Mixers (rubber) Mordanters Painters Paint makers Paper hangers Pencil (colored) makers Photo-engravers Photographic workers Photogravure workers Bubber workers Steel (chrome) makers Tannery (chrome) workers Vulcanizers Wall-paper printers Waterproofers (paper and textile) Wax-ornament workers Wood polishers Wood stainers 32. Cobalt There Is little Information available on the effects of cobalt. A case of poisoning with severe damage to the liver and kidneys was reported from a French tile factory. Cancer of the lungs la a recognized occupational Injury among European cobalt miners, but the cause of the condition has not been definitely established. The presence of arsenic In the ore, and the fact that there are radioactive emanations In the mines, have been advanced as causes of the cancer. 33. Copper Whether or not copper Is toxic to human beings Is still unestabllshed. The inhalation of copper dust is reported to produce "copper chilis", headache, gastro-enteritls; the Inhalation of fumes, to produce symptoms similar to those caused by zinc fumes. Impurities such as lead and arsenic have been ad vanced as possible causes of reported cases of copper poisoning. Occupations which offer such eapoture Copper founders I Copper refiners tad I Coppersmiths I smelters 34. Cresol (cresylic acid) Symptom, ooniition, or disease to look for Toxic effects resemble those of phenol but are less severe. The chief symp toms are irritation and erosion of skin and mucous membranes, and nephritis. Occupations which offer such exposure Artificlai-resin makers Coal-tar workers Cresol-soap makers Cresylic-add makers Disinfectant makers Dye makers Explosives workers Fumlgators Perfume (synthetic) makers Resin (synthetic) ms it. era Rubber (artificial) workers Tar-distillery workers 36 OCCUPATION HAZARDS AND DIAGNOSTIC SIGNS 35. Cyanogen Compounds Symptom, condition, or disease to look for Headache and vertigo, nausea and vomiting, unsteady gait, bitter almond odor in breath, gastro-lntestlnal disorders, weakness, irregular pulse and respiration, Irritation and inflammation of skin and mucous membranes, mus cular pain and trembling, convulsions, paralysis of legs and arms, functional disturbances of nervous system. Occupations tchich offer such exposure Acid dippers Ammonium-salts makers Artiflcial-silk makers Art-printing workers Blacksmiths Blast-furnace workers Bone distillers Bronzers Browners (gun barrels) Calico printers Case hardeners Coal-tar-distillery work ers Cyanide workers Disinfectant workers Dye makers Electroplaters Extractors (gold and silver) Fertilizer makers Fuiminate mixers Fumigators Gas (illuminating) workers Gas purifiers Gliders Gold refiners Hydrocyanic-acid mak ers Jewelers Mirror silverers Mordanters Oxalic acid makers Phosphoric acid makers Photographic workers Picklers Polishers (metals) Pyroxylin-plastics work ers Silver refiners Sotderers Tannery workers Temperers Tree sprayers Zlncers 36. Dimethyl Sulphate Symptom, conditions, or disease to look for Strongly corrosive effect on the skin and mucous membranes, hoarseness, lachrymation, conjunctivitis, bronchitis, pulmonary edema with hemorrhages, photophobia. Occupations tchich offer such exposure Dimethyl-sulphate mak- I Dye makers era 1 1 Perfume makers 1 37. Dinitrobenzol. See Nltrobenzol 38. Dioxan (diethylene dioxide) This compound may be used in the manufacture of a number of chemicals, and Is a solvent for nitrocellulose, etc. According to the United States Bureau of Mlnee, men exposed to air con taining 0.16 percent of dioxan vapor by volume, immediately noted Irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat. It Is stated that " as In the case of practically all comparatively nontoxic volatile liquids, dioxan presents a hazard to life under conditions of exposure to air confined over the liquid in tanks, vats, and similar places where high concentrations would accumulate." 39. Ethyl Benzene This compound is used as an " antiknock", ae a lacquer diluent, general solvent, etc. According to the United States Bureau of Mines, animal experimentation shows irritation of eyes and nose, apparent vertigo, static and motor ataxia, apparent unconsciousness, tremor of extremities, rapid jerky respiration, then shallow respiration, and finally slow, gasping respiration, followed by death. All these symptoms and death resulted from I percent exposure in from 2 to 3 hours. XJBT OF HAZARDS, SYMPTOMS, ETC. 37 40. Ethyl Bromide and Ethyl Chloride Symptom, condition, or disease to look for Bee note under Methyl Chloride Occupation* which offer ruch expotur* Anesthetic makers Ethyl-bromide makers Ethyl-chloride makers Refrigerator (mechanical) makers and repair men 41. Ethylene Dibromide Symptom, condition, or Alteate to look for Irritation of eyes and respiratory tract, romiting, pallor, weakness, vertigo. Occupation* which offer exposure Ethylene dibromide makers. 42. Ethylene Dichloride This compound is need as a solvent, particularly in the extraction of oil and fats. According to the United States Burean of Mines, animal experimentation shows irritation of eyes and nose, vertigo, static and motor ataxia, retching movements, semiconsciousness and unconsciousness accompanied by uncoordi nated movements of the extremities, and death If exposure is continued. Ex posure to 8 percent vapors caused all these symptoms, excepting death, to occur in less than 10 minutes, and death in about SO minutes. 43. Ethylene Oxide This compound is principally used as an intermediate in the synthesis of other compounds as ethel, methyl, and butyl cellosolve, and as a fumigant. According to the United States Bureau of Mines, animal experimentation shows irritation of the eyes and nose; blood-tinged, frothy, serous exudate from nostrils; unsteadiness on feet and staggering inability to stand; respira tory disturbances; dyspnea and gasping; and death. Most of these symptoms occurred with exposure to concentrations of SIS to OB percent by volume. 44. Formaldehyde Symptom, condition, or it*ea*e to look for Irrltstlou of mucous membranes, conjunctivitis, bronchitis, dyspnea, severe dermatitis, destruction of finger nails. Systemic effects. Including degenera tion of the liver, have been reported. Occupation* which offer tuck exposure Artificial-amber makers Artlficlal-silk. makers Bakelite makers Brewery workers Broom makers Brash makers Calico printers Disinfectant workers Dye makers Embalmers Explosives workers Formaldehyde workers Germicide mskers Glass etchers Ink makers Insecticide makers Mirror silverers Paper makers Photographic workers Preservative makers and handlers Resin (synthetic) makers Becoverers (gold and silver) Rubber workers Soap makers Straw-hat makers Tannery workers Textile printers Waterproofers (paper) 38 OCCUPATION HAZASDS AND DIAGNOSTIC SIGNS 45. Formic Acid. See alto Formaldehyde Si/mptom, condition, or disease to look for Dermatitis (blisters, ulceration*, necrosis), Irritation of mucous membranes of eyes, nose, and throat. Occupations tchich offer such exposure Alocohol fermenters Cellulose-formate mulcert Dye makers Electroplaters Formic-add workers Lacquerers Lacquer makers Mirror ailverers Mordanters Perfume makers Rubber workers Soap, makers Tannery workers Varnlshers Varnish makers 46. Gasoline. See Benzine 47. Hydrochloric Acid Svmptom, condition, or disease to look for Caustic and irritating action on skin and mucous membranes, conjunctivitis, coryza, pharyngeal and bronchial catarrh, dental carles, pulmonary hemor rhages. Occupations tchich offer ich exposure Acetic-add makers Add dippers Add finishers (glass) Acid mixers Add recoverers Acid transporters Alkali-salt makers Ammonium-salts makers Aniline makers . Artificial-silk makers Battery (dry) makers Bleachers Bronzers Calico printers Camphor makers Carbonlzers (shoddy) Cartridge dippers Cement makers C h 1 o r 1 n e-compound makers Chlorine makers Dye makers Dyers Electropluters Enamel makers Engravers Etchers Fertilizer makers Galvanizera Glass finishers Glass mixers Glaze mixers (pottery) Glazers (pottery) Glue makers Hydrochloric-acid makers Ink makers Jewelers Leather workers Lithographers Metal cleaners Metal refiners Paint makers Paper-mill workers Petroleum refiners Phosphate extractors Photographic workers Plcklers (metals) Pottery workers Reclaimers (rubber) Shoddy workers 8oap makers Solderers Sugar refiners Snlphnr-chlorlde makers Tannery workers Tinners Transparent wrapping- material workers Vlgnetters * Wire makers Zinc chloride makers 48. Hydrocyanic Acid. See Cyanogen Compounds 49. Hydrofluoric Acid Symptom, condition, or disease to look for Intense irritation of eyelids and conjunctiva, coryza, bronchial catarrh with spasmodic cough, ulceration of the noetrlls, gums, and oral mucous membranes, painful ulcers of the cuticle, erosion and formation of vesicles, suppuration under the finger nails. Occupations toMch offer such exposure Aluminum extractors A n 11 m ony-fluoride ex tractors Art-glass workers Bleachers Brewers Dyers Etchers Fertilizer makers Glass finishers Gold refiners Hydrofluoric-add makers Phosphorus extractors Silicate extractors 50. Iron Carbonyl. See Nickel Carbonyl LIST OP HAZARDS, STSfPTOMS, ETCJ. 39 51. Lead and Its Compounds Symptom, condition, or diteate to look for Ashen pallor, metallic taste, gastrointestinal disturbances, constipation, abdominal pains, lead line on gums, asthenia, lassitude, headache, backache, pain about Joints, weakness of grip, tremors of fingers and tongue, lead paralysis, especially of muscles used most, stippling of red blood cells, ocular disturbances, mental symptoms (lead encephalopathy). Occupations which offer Much exposure Acid finishers (glass) Amber workers Art-glass workers Artlflclal-fiower makers Babbitters Battery (dry) makers Bench molders (foundry) Blacksmiths Blooders (tannery) Bookbinders Bottle-cap makers Brass founders Brass polishers Braziers Brick burners Brick makers Bronzers Brownera (gun barrels) Galvanizers Garage workers Gardeners Gasoline blenders Glass finishers Glass mixers Glass polishers Glaze dippers (pottery) Glaze mixers (pottery) Gloat-kiln workers Gold refiners Grinders (metals) Grinders (rubber) Heater boys (riveters) Imitation-pearl makers Incandescent -lamp makers Insecticide makers Brush makers Buffers (rubber) Burners (enameling) Cable makers Cable splicers Calico printers Canners Cartridge makers Chargers (zinc smelting) Japan makers japanners Jewelers Junk-metal refiners Labelers (paint cans) Lacquerers Lacquer makers Lead burners Lead-foil makers Chippers Colorers (white) of shoes Color makers Compositors Compounders (rubber) Concentrating-mill work ers (lead and zinc) Copper refiners Cut-glass workers Cutlery makers Cutters (oxyacety lene and other gases) Decorators (pottery) Dental workers Diamond polishers Dye makers Dyers Electroplaters Electrotypers Embroidery workers Emery-wheel makers Enamelers Enamel makers Farmers File cutters Filers Filling-station workers Floor molders (foundry) Lead miners Lead-pipe makers Lead-salts makers Lead smelters Linoleum makers Linotypers Llnseed-oll boilers Lithographers Llthotransfer workers Match-factory workers Mirror sllverers Mixers (rubber) Monotypers M a s 1 c a 1-Instrument makers Nltric-add workers Nitroglycerin makers Painters Paint makers Paint removers Paper hangers Patent-leather makers Petroleum refiners Photograph retouchers Pipe fitters Plumbers Polishers Pottery workers Printers Putty makers Putty polishers (glass) Pyroxylin-plastics work ers Reclaimers (rubber) Red-lead workers Refiners (metals) Riveters Roofers Rubber workers Sagger makers Sandpaperers (enamel ing and painting auto bodies, etc.) Screen workers (lead and zinc smelting) Sheet-metal workers Shellackers Shellac makers Shot makers Slip makers (pottery) Slashers (porcelain enameling) Solderers Solder makers Stainers (shoes)* Steel engravers Stereotypers Storage-battery makers Sulphuric-add workers Table turners (enamel ing) Tannery workers Temperers Tetraethyl lead makers Tile makers Tin-foil makers Tinners Toy makers Transfer workers (pot tery) Tree sprayers Type founders N Typesetters Varnisbers Varnish makers Wall-paper printers Welders White-lead workers Wood stalners Zinc miners Zinc smelters 40 occupation hazards and diagnostic signs 52. Lead Arsenate. See Arsenic; Lead 53. Manganese Symptom, condition, or diteate to look for Languor and sleepiness, stolid mask-tike facial expression, low monotonous voice, muscular twitching, cramps and stillness of muscles in tegs, Increase in tendon reflexes, ankle and patellar clonus, tetropulsion and propulsion, slapping gait uncontrollable laughter. Occupation* tchich offer tuch exposure Battery (dry) makers Bleaching-powder makers Calico printers Chlorine makers Dye makers Dyers Enamelers Enamel makers Fertilizer makers Fireworks makers Glass mixers Glaze dippers (pottery) Glaze mixers (pottery) Linoleum makers Manganese dioxide workers Manganese grinders Manganese-ore separators Manganese-steel makers Match-factory workers Painters Paint makers Pottery workers Soap makers Varnishers Varnish makers Zinc miners 54. Mercury and Its Compounds Symptom, condition, or diteate to look for Stomatitis and gingivitis, salivation, blue line on gums, gastrointestinal disorders, metallic or fetid breath, tremor, mercurial erethism, loss of memory, Insomnia and depression, anxiety and Irritability, mercurial eczema. Occupations tchick offer tuch exposure Acetaldehyde makers Acetic-acid (synthetic) makers Acetone (synthetic) makers Ale 'hoi (synthetic) mak ers Amalgam makers Artificial flower makers Barometer makers Battery (dry) makers Blowers (felt hats) Bronzers Browners (gun barrels) Brushers (felt bats) Calico printers Cap loaders Carroters (felt hats) Cartridge makers Chlorine makers (elec Disinfectant makers Dye makers Electric induction fur nace workers Electroplaters Embalmers Embossers Explosives workers Extractors (gold and silver) Felt-hat makers Fireworks makers Fulminate mixers Fur handlers Fur preparers Gilders Gold refiners Hardeners (felt hats) Incandescent-lamp mak ers trolytic) Color makers Coners (felt hats) Cosmetic workers Cyanogen gas makers Dentists Detonator clennera Detonator fillers Detonator packers Devil operators (felt bats) Jewelers Laboratory workera Lithographers Manometer makers Mercury-alloy makers Mercury-boiler workers Mercury bronzers Mercury miners Mercury-pump workers Mercury-salt workers Mercury smelters Mercury-solder workers Mercury-still cleaners Mercury-switch makers M e r c u r y-vapor - lamp makers Mirror silverers Mixers (felt hats) Painters Paint makers Photographic workera Porcelain makers Primers (explosives) Refiners (metals) Sizers (felt hats) Sole stitchers (Blake machine) Starters (felt hats) Steel engravers Stiffeners (felt hats) Storage-battery makers Tannery workers Taxidermists Thermometer makers Water gilders Welders Wood preservers Zinc-electrode makers LIST OF HAZARDS, SYMPTOMS, ETC. 41 55. Methanol (methyl alcohol) Symptom, conditio*, or diteate to look for Headache, nausea and vomiting, vertigo, Irritation of mucous membranes, severe colic, convulsions, paralysis, chilliness and cold sweats, cyanosis, loss of reflexes and of sensation, irregular and intermittent heart action, rapid breathing followed by retardation, rapid and marked drop in temperature, affections of sight Including amblyopia, optic neuritis, conjunctivitis, mydriasis, nystagmus, visual hallucinations, blindness. Occupationt tchUh offer such expoture Aldehyde pumpmen Aniline-dye makers Antifreeze makers Fitters (shoes) Furniture polishers Gliders Art-glass workers Artificial-flower makers Artlflcial-8ilk makers Automobile painters Bookbinders Bronzers Brush makers Hardeners (felt hats) Incandescent-lamp mak ers Ink makers Japan makers Japanner* Lacquerers Calico printers Lacquer makers Cemeuters (rubber shoes) Dimethyl -sulphate makers Driers (felt hats) Dry cleaners Dye makers Explosives workers Feather workers Lasters (shoes) Linoleum makers Methyl-alcohol workers Methyl-compound mak ers Millinery workers Mottlers (leather) Painters Paint makers Felt-hat makers Patent-leather makers Filament makers (incan Perfume makers descent lamps) Photographers Polishers (wood) Polish makers Pyroxylin-plastics work ers Bubber workers Shellackers Shellac makers Shoe-factory operatives Shoe finishers Soap makers Stiffeners (felt hats) Stitchers (shoes) Type cleaners Upholsterers Varnlshers Varnish makers Vnlcanlzers Wood-alcohol distillers Woodworkers 56. Methyl Bromide Symptom, condition, or diteate to look for Bee note under Methyl chloride. Occupation* which offer tuch expoture Methyl bromide makers I Refrigerator (mechanical) I and repair men makers 57. Methyl Chloride Symptom, condition, or diteate to look for Progressive drowsiness, vertigo, nansea, staggering gait, mental confusion, weakness, visual disturbances, tremors, presence of formates and acetone In nrlne. Insomnia. Nora.--Experiments conducted by the United States Bureau of Mines on guinea pigs showed that air containing methyl chloride, methyl bromide, ethyl bromide, and ethyl chloride produced similar symptoms. Including excitement, loss of equilibrium. Inability to walk, rapid poise, convulsive rapid respiration with riles, frothy (often blood-tinged) exudate from nostrils. The signs of lung irritation were not as pronounced for exposure to ethyl chloride as for the other compounds. Occupationt which offer tuch expoture Chloroform makers Color makers Dye makers Methyl chloride makers Refrigerator (mechani cal) makers and repair men 42 OCCUPATIOS' HAZARDS AST) DIAGNOSTIC SIGNS 58. Naphtha. See Benzine 59. Nickel Carbonyl Symptom, condition, or disease to look for Headache, giddiness, nausea, dyspnea, cough, cyanosis, edema, pain in the loins. Occupations which offer such exposure Nickel-puriflcat.on workers (Mond process) 60. Nitraniline. See Aniline 61. Nitrobenzol and Other Nitro Compounds of Benzol and Its Homologues Symptom, condition, or disease to look for Cyanotic face and lips, nausea and vomiting, odor of bitter almonds in breath, Irritation of skin, icterical skin, visual disturbances, anemia, dark-brown blood, methemoglobln formation, presence of bematoporphyrln, albumin, and some times free poison in urine, tremors, muscular twitching, and other manifesta tions of nerve Injury. Occupations which offer such exposure Aniline makers Dye makers Explosives workers Floor-polish makers Ink makers Nitrobenzol workers Perfume makers Shoe dyers S mokeless-powder makers Soap makers Trinitrotoluol makers 62. Nitroglycerin Symptom, condition, or disease to look for Intense headache, nausea and vomiting, flashing of face, gastro-lntestlnal disturbances, tachycardia, skin eruptions (characterized by dryness and the formation of rbagades). Occupations which offer such exposure Explosives workers [ Nitroglycerin workers | Shell fillers 63. Nitronaphthalene. See Nitrobenzol 64. Nitrous Gases and Nitric Acid Symptom, condition, or disease to look for Irritation of air passages, spasmodic cough, dyspnea, pulmonary edema, -bronchitis, feeling of suffocation, pain in chest, dl- stive disturbances, corrosion of teeth, severe burns on is skin. Occupations which offer , ch exposure Add dippers Acid mixers Add recoverers Add transporters Aniline mskers Artificial-leather makers Artifldal-pearl makers Bleachers Calico printers Carroters (felt hats) Cartridge dippers Collodion makers Damascening workers Dimethyl - sulphate makers Dippers (guncotton) Dye makers Electroplaten Enamel maken Etchers Explosives worken Fertilizer makers Fur preparen Gaivanisers Gilders Guncotton worken Jewelen Lithographen Mordanters Nitnton Nitric-add worken Nitrocellulose maken Nitroglycerin makers Nitrous-oxide workers Phosphoric-add maken Photo-engraven Plcklen (metals) Picric-add maken Pyroxylin-plastics work ers Reflnen (metals) Scourers (metals) Smokeless-powder maken Soda makers Sulphurlc-add maken Towermen (sulphuric add) Wringers (guncotton) LIST OP HjLZAREiS, SYMPTOMS, ETC. 43 65. Oxalic Acid Symptom, condition, or disease to look for Local caustic action on skin and mucous membranes, bluish discoloration and brittleness of nails. Irritation of mucous membranes of esophagus, stomach and Intestines, peripheral circulatory trouble, cardiac weakness, convulsions. Occupations which offer such exposure Dry cleaners Dye makers Engravers Glycerin refiners i Ink makers Lithographers Metal-polish makers Oxalic-acid workers Polishers (metal) Straw bleachers Tannery workers 66. Ozone Symptom, condition, or disease to look for Irritation of eyes and respiratory tract. Occupations which offer such exposure Bleachers ! Electrical workers I Laundry workers 67. Petroleum. See also Benzine Bymptom. condition, or disease to look for Inflammutlon of the skin, acne, suppurating ulcers, papilloma, numbness and irritation of the Schneiderian membrane, headache and sensory disturbances, affections of the respiratory organs. Occupations which offer such exposure Browners (gun barrels) Feather workers Furniture polishers Lampblack makers Millinery workers Oli-fio tatlon-plant workers Oil-well workers Paraffin workers Petroleum refiners Temperers 66. Phenol Symptom, condition, or disease to look for Erosion of the skin, eczema. Irritation of respiratory organs, digestive dis turbances. symptoms of degeneration of blood, emaciation, nephritis, gangrene. Jaundice. Occupations which offer such exposure Bakellte makers Brewers Calico printers Carbolic-add makers Coal-tar workers Disinfectant workers Dye makers Dyers Etchers Explosives workers Gas (lllumlnating) workers Gas purifiers Lampblack makers Paint makers Paiut-remorer makers Paint removers Perfume makers Phenol workers Picric-add makers Powder (smokeless) makers Reclaimer* (robber) Resin (synthetic) makers Stillmen (carbolic acid) Snrgical-dresaing makers Wood preservers 69. Phenyl Hydrazine Symptom, oondition, or disease to look for Vesicular eruptions of the akin with Itching and horning, diarrhea, anorexia, granular degeneration of blood corpuscles, formation of metbemoglobln, a sense of general malaise. Occupations which offer such exposure Aatipyrin makers | Dye makers ] Phenyl-hydrazine workers 41 OCCUPATION HAZABDS AND DtAQNOSTIO SIGNS 70. Phosgene Symptom, condition, or disease to look for Violent long Inflammation with edema, necrosis of lung tissue, emphysema, bronchitis, bronchiectasis, dysfunction of the heart, dyspnea. Occupations which offer such exposure Carbon tetrachloride I Dye makers workers i I Phosgene makers I 71. Phosphorus Symptom, condition, or disease to look for Increasingly severe toothache. Inflammation and sclerosis of the bones and of the periosteum, swelling and ulceration of the gums and buccal membrane, loosening and failing out of the teeth, suppuration and destruction of jawbone with fistulous channels burrowing through the cheek, meningeal inflammation, brittleness of bones, digestive disturbances, emaciation. Occupations which offer such exposure Bone-black makers Brass founders Fertilizer makers Fireworks makers Insecticide makers Match-factory workers Phosphate-mill workers Phosphor-bronze workers Phospborus-c o m p ound makers Phosphorus extractors 72. Phosphuretted Hydrogen (phosphine) Symptom, condition, or disease to look for Oppression In chest, headache and vertigo, gastro-lntestlnal irritation, dyspnea, general debility, tinnitus aurium. tremors and convulsions. Occupations which offer Acetylene workers Ferrosllicon workers Phosphine workers ch exposure Phosphorus extractors Phosphorus (red) mak ers Phosphuretted hydrogen workers 73. Picric Acid Symptom, condition, or disease to look for Irritation and inflammation of the skin and mucoos membranes, yellow color ing of akin, headache, vertigo, digestive disorders, gastric pain, nephritis. Occupations which offer such exposure Dye makers Dyers Explosives workers Fireworks makers Germicide makers Photography workers Picric-acid workers Shell fillers Smokel ess-powder makers Tear-gas (chloroplcrln) makers 74. Potassium Hydroxide Symptom, oondttion, or disease to look for Severe chemical burning of the skis and mucoos membranes, formation of deep-seated and persistent ulcers, loss of nails. Occupations which offer such exposure Bleachers I Oxalic-add makers Match-factory workers | I Soap makers | - 75. Pyridine Symptom, condition, or disease to look for Irritation of respiratory tract and of eyea, cough, dermatitis. Symptoms following ingestion include headache, vertigo, trembling of extremities. s LIST OF HAZARDS, SYMPTOMS, ETC. 45 Occupation/ which offer tuch exposure Denatured alcohol Lacquerers worker* Lacquer maker* Gilder* Pencil makers Pyridine maker* Silver Symptom, condition, or disease to look for Argyrosis, a gray'sb blue or black discoloration of the akin and mncotta membranes, is the chief effect reported In Industry. Symptoms of Intoxication are reported from Ingestion of soluble silver salt*. Occupations which offer suoh exposure Photographic-film makers Sliver melters and re Sllrerers (mirrors) finers Silver-foil maker* Silver-nitrate maker* Silver plater* Silversmith* 77. Sodium Hydroxide Symptom, condition, or disease to look for Severe chemical burning of the skin and mucous membrane*. Formation of deep-seated and persistent ulcers, lose of nail*. Occupations which offer such exposure Artificial-silk worker* Bleachers Merceriser* Oil refiner* Paper makers Soap maker* S od 1 u m-hy dr oxide makers Tannery worker* Transparent - wrapping- material workers 78. Sulphur Dioxide Symptom, oondlHon, or disease to took for Irritation and Inflammation of mucous membranes of eyes and respiratory tract, spasmodic cough, bronchial catarrh, digestive disturbances, blood-tinged mucous. Inflammation of lung*. Occupations which offer such exposure Alkali salt maker* Artificial-ice makers Blast-furnace worker* Bleacher* Bone extractors Brass founders Brick maker* Broom maker* Carbolic-add makers Cellulose workers Ceramic workers Chambermen (sulphuric acid) Chargers (sine smelt ing) Coke-oven workers Copper smelters Digester-house workers (paper and pulp) Disinfectant workers Dye makers Feather workers Fertilizer maker* Flue cleaner* Fruit preserver* Fumigator* Galvauizer* Gelatine maker* Glass makers Glue maker* Lead smelter* Mercury smelter* Oil-flotation-plant work ers Paper-mill workers Petroleum refiners Pottery workers Pyrites burners Refiners (metals) Refrigerator (mechani cal) makers and re pairmen Smelters Storage-battery chargers Sugar refiners Sulphite cooks Sulphur burners Sulphurers (malt and bops) Sulphuric-add workers Tannery workers Tower man (sulphuric add) Ultramarine blue makers Vulcanizer* (rubber) Zinc smelters 79. Sulphuretted Hydrogen Symptom, oondition, or disease te look for Irritation of mucous membranes of eyes and respiratory tract conjunctivitis, bronchitis, rhinitis pharyngitis and laryngitis, pulmonary edema, headache end vertigo, hyperpnea, gastro-intestinal disturbances, brachycardla. * / 46 occupation hazards and diagnostic signs Occupation* which offer luch expoture Alkali-salt makers Flax-rettery workers I Pyrites burners Artificial-silk makers Gas (111 umi a a c 1 n g) Pyri>ijiin-plastics work Ba rium-carbonate makers workers ers Blast-furnace workers Gas purifiers Sewer workers Bottlers (mineral water) Glue workers Bronzers Gypsum workers Soap makers Soda (Leblanc) makers Cable splicers Hydrochloric-acid makers Sodium-sulphide makers Caisson workers Hydrogen - sulphide Starch makers Carb OQ-dlsulphlde workers Sugar refiners makers Match-factory workers Sulphides makers Cellulose extractors Coke-oven workers Cyanogen makers D.gester-house workers (paper and pulp) Dye makers Fat renderers Fertilizer makers Miners Oil-flotatlon-plant work ers Oil-well workers Petroleum refiners Phoephorus-c o m p o u n d makers Pulp-mill workers Sulphur-chloride makers Sulphuric-acid makers Sulphur miners Tannery workers Transparent-w rapping- materlal workers Tunnel workers Vulcan!zers 80. Sulphuric Acid Symptom, condition, or dlteate to look for Corroalve action on the skin, severe inflammation of the mucous membranes of the eyes and respiratory tract. Injury to the teeth through softening of the dentine, chronic catarrh. Occupation* which offer tuck expoture Acid dippers Add finishers (glass) Add mixers Acid recoverers Add transporters Alum workers Ammonium salts makers Ammonium sulphats makers Artificial leather maken Artificial silk makers Benzene purifiers Beta still operator! (beta naphthol) Burnishers (Iron aad . steel) Calico printers Carbolic-add makers Carbonizers (shoddy) Cartridge dippers Chambermen (sulphuric add) Color maken Dimethyl sulphate mak en Dye maken Electroplaten Engraven Etchen Ether makers Explosives worker* Fat purifiers Felt-hat maken Fertilizer maken Galvanizen Glass flnishen Glue maken Guncotton clippers Hydrochloric-add mak en Hydrocyanic-acid mak en Jewelen Linoleum maken Lithographers Mercerixen Nltraton Nltric-add maken Nitrobenzene maken Nitrocellulose maken Nitroglycerine makers Oil purifiers Paper maken Patent-leather maken Perfume maken Petroleum refiner* Phenol makers Phosphoric-acid makers Phosphorus evaporating machine workers Photographic workers Plcklers (metals) Picric-acid makers Pyroxylin-plastics work ers Rayon makers Reclaimers (rubber) Refiners (metals) Salt extractors (coke- oven byproducts) Scourers (metals) Shoddy workers Soap makers Soda (Leblanc) maken Storage-battery workers Sugar refiners Snlpbates maken Sulphurtc-add maken Tallow refiners Tannery worken Temperers Towermen (sulphuric acid) Tranaparent-wrapplng- materlal workers Wax refiners Wire drawers Yeast maken 81. Sulphur Monochloride Symptom, condition, or diteate to look for Compound of questionable toxicity. In contact with water it decomposes, forming hydrochloric acid, sulphurous, and sulphuric add. Injury may result *---TT *h -base COT3pO"d.A LIST OF HAZARDS, STMPTOMS, ETC. 47 Occupations which offer such exposure Carbon-tetrachloride makers Cement mixers (rubber) Dyers Gold extractors | Sulphur monochlorlde Insecticide makers I workers Rubber substitute mak . Vulc&nlzers ers 82. Tar Symptom, condition, or disease to look for Tar itch. acne, eczema or psoriasis, ulcers of the skin and cornea, epithellom- atous cancer, loss of appetite, nausea, diarrhea, headache, vertigo, Irritation of the respiratory tract, conjunctivitis, albuminuria, edema, ischuria. Occupations ichich offer such exposure Artificial-stone makers Asphalt workers Battery (dry) makers Briquet makers Brush makers Chimney sweepers Coal-tar workers Coke-oven workers Cord makers Creosotlng-plant workers E.ectrode makers Flue cleaners Gas (illuminating) wofkers Insulators * Painters (tar) Paint makers Paraffin workers Pavers Petroleum refiners Pitch workers Roofers Roofing-paper workers Still (coal tar; cleaners Tar workers Wood preservers 83. Tellurium Symptom, condition, or disease to look for Garlic-like odor of breath and of secretions and excretions, suppression of sweat, dryness of the mouth. Dry Itching skin, metallic taste, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, Indigestion, constipation, and somnolence. Occupations tchich offer such exposure Copper refiners I Glass colorers | Lead refinera 84. Tetrachlorethane (acetylene tetrachloride) Symptom, condition, or disease to look for Abnormal fatigue, profuse perspiration,- general discontent and nervousness, headache uud vertigo, Insomnia, anorexia, gastro-intestlnal disorders, abdominal pains, Jaundice, increase of Immature large mononuclear cells in blood, eleva tion of white cell count, slight anemia, slight increase in number of platelets In blood, petechiae, polyneuritis. Occupations which offer such exposure Alrpldne-dope makers Airplane-wing rarnishers Artificial-pearl makers Artlflclal-siik makers Cellulose acetate work ers Color makers " Dope " workers Enamelers Enamel makers Lacquerers Lacquer makers Lithographers Hoving-picrare-fllm mak ers Oil extractors Paint-remover makers Paine removers Rubber workers Tapers (airplanes) Varnishers Varnish makers 85. Tetraethyl Lead. See also Lead and Its Compounds Symptom, condition, or disease to look for Insomnia, nausea and vomiting, anorexia, vertigo and headache, muscular weakness, pallor, subnormal blood pressure, subnormal temperature, loss of weight, abdominal cramps, tremors, lead In feces and urine, lead encephalopathy. Occupations which offer such exposure Filling-station workers I Gasoline blenders Garage workers j I Tetraethyl lead makers | / 48 OCCUPATION' HAZARDS AND DIAGNOSTIC SIGNS 86. Thallium Symptom, oondition, or ditease to look for Reddish discoloration and falling out of the hair, pains in the limbs, severe eye affections, inflammation of the k.dneys. Occupation* which offer tuch exposure Artificial-gem makers Color makers Depilatory makers Disinfectant m_ .ers Dye makers Filament makers (incan descent lamps) Glass workers Thallium workers Thermometer makers 87. Tin Not generally regarded as an industrial poison. 88. Titanium Oxide This compound is used as a substitute for white lead In the manufacture of paint. No ill effects hare been reported as a result of its use In Industry. 89. Trinitrotoluol. See Nitrobenzol 90. Turpentine Symptom, oondition, or disease to look for Irritation of mucous membranes of eyes, nose, and upper air passages, cough, bronchial inflammation, salivation, headache and rertigo, irritation of kidneys and bladder, strangury, odor of rloleta In urine, severe Irritation of akin, hardening of the epidermis. Occupation* which offer inch exposure Art-glass workers Cable splicers Calico printers Camphor makers Cementers (rubber) Decorators (pottery) Dry cleaners Dye makers Enameleri Enamel maker* Feather workers Furniture polishers Japan makers Japannert Lacquerers Lacquer makers Linoleum makers Lithographers Millinery workers Painters Paint makers Patent-leather makers Polishers Polish makers Printer* Rubber workers Sealing-wax makers Shellackers Shellac makers Transfer workers (pottery) Turpentine extractors Varnishere Varnish makers 91. Uranium Uranium Is a source of radiant energy. It la reported to be the most toxic of metals. Symptoms following Ingestion or injection of the soluble salts of uranium are reported to be nephritis, glycosuria, gastro-Intestinal disorders, degeneration of the liver, affections of the nervous system, respiratory paralysis. No cases of industrial poisoning have been reported upon. 92. Vanadium Symptom, condition, or dUeate to look for Anemia, cachexia. Irritation of respiratory tract, dry cough resulting In hemorrhages, diarrhea or constipation, emaciation, hysterical manifestations, melancholia. Occupation* which offer tuch exposure t TOSt ' ^- - vr.-'ynmsi LIST OF HAZABD8, SYMPTOMS, KTO. 49 93. Vinyl Chloride Thla compound la used In the synthesis of organic compounds, principally resins. According to the United States Bureau of Mines, animal experimentation shows unsteadiness and motor ataxia, incomplete and finally complete narcosis. Men exposed to 2J percent for approximately 3 minutes soon began to feel dizzy and disoriented as to space and size of surrounding objects and complained of a burning sensation In the soles of the feet. They Immediately recovered on leaving the chamber, axid complained only of a slight headache which lasted about 30 minutes. 94. Zinc. See Brass y Section III.--Dermatoses Skin affections resulting from exposure to the hazards discussed in the foregoing section have been recorded with the symptoms, con ditions, or diseases to be looked for in men employed in occupations where such hazards are present. Because the dermatoses form So large a proportion of all disabling occupational diseases, the more important occupations exposed to agencies producing skin affections have been listed separately. A complete enumeration of such occupations would be impracticable. Almost any foreign sub-tance can become a skin irritant if it is in continuous contact with the skin. Thus, soap and water, which ordinarily do not irritate the skin, may cause severe dermatitis in laundresses. Under the derma toses are included the effects on the skin of such causative agencies as poisonous and irritating chemicals, heat and cold, dust, radiant energy, friction, plants and woods, proteins, and vegetable and animal parasites. Occupational dermatoses are frequently distinguished by their grouping, situation, mode of appearance, spread, and evolution. They crop up in series, retaining their initial type throughout, un less they are secondarily infected. They are most often local, except when they are a differentiating sign of the toxemias. The onset and development are usually sudden. The inflammation is sharply outlined. Exudation is excessive, and there is a deep-seated edema. The eruption usually predominates on the right side. Skin affec tions caused by different external irritants often, however, may show the same clinical picture. A number of occupational skin eruptions have no specific lesions or special pathology, which makes their differential diagnosis very difficult. For these reasons, the symptoms for each irritating substance have not been listed as has been done for the other hazards. The excellent work of Dr. R. Prosser White entitled " The Derma- tergoses, or Occupational Affections of the Skin ", admirably covers the entire subject of causative agencies and differential diagnosis. It should be consulted by anyone who has a need for an extensive treatment of the subject. Tne data presented in this section are based largely on Dr. White's compilation. The following is a list of the more common occupations exposed to agencies causing dermatoses. It is a partial list onlv. Reference should also be made to the specific hazards listed for the occupation under consideration in section I. 60 t : ' , 1 / DERMATOSES Occupations Exposed to Specified Skin Irritants 51 Occupation exposed Skin irritants Acetylene makers................. ..................... Calcium carbide. Acid workers................................... ........... Acids. Alkali salt makers...................................... Caustic alkali. Artificial-flower makers.............................. Caustic alkali, dyes. Bakedte makers.......................................... Formaldehyde, phenol. Bakers...................... ............. .................... Doujh. potassium persulphate, heat. Barbers........................-____ ____________ Soap, hair tonics. Battery tdryi makers................... --.......... Acids, tine chloride, ammonium salts, charcoal Beaiermen (paper sod pulp ................. Caustic alkali, dyes. Bleachers (doth;......................................... Acids, bleachm* powder, caustic alkali, hydroten oerorlde sodium silicate. Bloodars (tannery)..... .................................. Dyes. Bobbin carriers........................................... Nitrobenzol, aluminum salts, formaldehyde, nuaseeium salts sodium fluosiilcate. ' Bricklayers.................................................. Lime. Bronxers................................................ ...... Dyes. Broom makers...................................... ...... Dyes, referable dost. Calico printers............................................. Dyes. Candy makers............................................. Super. Canners......... ..................... ....................... Fruit adds, lacquer, organisms. Cap loaders..................... ............................ Mercury compounds. Carbide makers........................................... Calcium carbide. Carbolieadd makers............................. Caustic alkali, phenol. Cardboard stickers........................ .............Sodium silicate. Cerroters (felt hatsi________ ___________ Acids, mercury co--ounds. Certridfe dippers........................................ Acids, soap. Celluloid makers_________ _____________ Dyes. Camenters (rubber shoes).......... ............... Benzine, coal-car products, naphtha, matbyl alcohol. Cement workers Lime. Chemical workers.......................................See specific chemical in section II J. Chromium platers.......................................| Chromium compounds. Cloth preparers.............. ........ ........ ............, Adds, caustic alkali, lima, soap, potassium salts, sodium salts | sodium silicate. Coniectloncn_____________ _______ ____ , Suear. Cotton sikers................................ ............... Adds. tine, chloride, arsenic salts, phenol. Curriers (tannery)....... ...................... Paraffin, benzine. Dampen (conditioning cottoni................ . S'ltrobenxol. aluminum salts, formaldehyde, masseelum salts I sodium Duosillcate. Dentists............................ .......................... | Procam. Detonator deanen__________ __________ , Mercury compounds. Detonator fillers__________________ ____ Mercury compounds. Detonator packers...................................... , Mercury compounds. Disinfectant makers...................................j Formaldehyde. Druttiste................... ................................. Bteacbin* powder, soap. Iodoform, sodium salts, snaar. Dye makers...... ........................................... Adds, benxlns. caustic alkali, ooal-tar products, dye tntrae- dietee, dyes, turpentine, antimony compounds, barium salts, calcium salts, cresol, detains, (errocyinldes, formaldehyde, Dyers.................... . rums, hydroquinone, lead salts, phenol, pottaiium chlorate. Dyes. Zlectroplatars____ Zmbalmers.............. Znsraren_________ Ztchen.............. ....... ZxploelTea workers. Adds, bensins. caustic alkali, 11ms, potassium cyanide, soap, nickel sulphate. Formaldehyde. Acids, oeustic alkali, ferric chloride, potanium cyanide. Adds, caustic alkalL Dye intermedittee, erploeiree (TNT, etc.), ammonium salts, bromine, mercury compounds. Firman-- ........... ................................ Iry end other plants, (artUlzerx, inseetlddaa. Felt-bat makers------------------------------ ------ Adds, mercuric nitrate, dyee. Fertiliser maker*.................................... ; Calcium cyanimlde. Fish dreeaan........i Brine. Flazspinnen............................................... . Lime, brine. Furnacemen................................................ Heat. Furniture polishers........... ................ .-- Benxlne, caustic alkali, naphtha, turpentine, methyl alcohol. _. pyridine, rotin. Fur workers......... ....................................... Dym. OalTanistn...................... . Gardeners.......................... Ois-mantla imprepnators Olsss blowen..................... Glass mlxen...................... Ink makers............ Insecticide makers. Ammonium chloride. . Iry and othtr plants, fertilisers, Inseetlddaa. i Thorium compounds. I Charcoal, pitch, rosin. Caustic alkali. Dyee. Arsenis. / 52 OCCUPATION1 HAZARDS AND DIAGNOSTIC SIGNS Occupations Exposed to Specified Skin Irritants--Continued Oocupstlon axpoaad Skin Irritant* Lampblack makin_______ ____ ________ Soot. Laundry workan......................................... Ciustie alkali, nap. Lima bursar*___.____ _________________ i Lima. Lima puller* (tanaary)._________ .......I Lima. Linoleum makar* Dyes. Machinist*.._________________.J Cuttinf compounds, lubrlaanta, oils. Manna______________ _________________ i Lima. Match-factory workan________ ________ Dyaa. dtxtrlas, (tuna. Maroerixari___________ _______ ________ Aeida. caustic alkali. Muan (rubber!----------- --------------- -------- - Acoalaraton (bazamatbyltnatatramlna). M ordantan........ ............................. ...... .... Adds, caustic alkali, chromatea, tine chloride, aluminum salts, ; antimony compounds, anauatsa, chromium salt*, copper salt*. Iron salt*, lead salt*, phosphacaa, silicatee, tin salt*. Mottlen (laathar)................. ! Dye*. Nickel platan_____ ___________ ________ ! Zinc chloride, nickel sulphate. Nitroilycerin makan...................... ........... Adds, explosives. Packlns-housa employ***____ _______....! Brin*. r Palntan....................... .............................. Adds, eaustlo alkali, palntt, sine chloride. Pilot makan______ ____________ _______ Paints. Paper-box makan____ _________________ Glua. Person workan________________________ ParaOn. Parchment makan Zinc eWorld*. Penal (oolorad) makan-........... ..............: Dyaa. Patrolaum railsan_________ ____ _______ Caustic alkali, parafls. Phototrapban............................ ................ Adds, caustic alkali, chromatar, matol. pyrofallle add. tur- pantlna. amidol, bronxins powder, bydroqulnooa. rodinal. Pbototrapblc-plat* claanan......... ............. Caustic alkali. Pitch worker*______ _____ _____________ Pitch. Plastaran___________ ........ Lima. Polishen................................. ........ --........ Caustic alkali, naphtha. Pcllshtn (lilrar aad brass)........................ Potassium cyanide. Printer*________ _________ Ink. hanxlna. Radium workan____________________ __ Radlaat anarjy. Roek-aalt workan........ .............................. Brin*. Ropamakan.............................................. .1 Oil. tar. Rubber workan........... ............................... Aocalantors (baxamatbyUnatatramlne). Balt praparen........... ........................ --__ I Brin*. Scratch Croatian (elactroplattne)i Adda, bantIn*. Urn*. oUa. a ball SUan.................................................. Exploalyaa (TNT, ate.). Bbo* flnlsban.-..........................................I Bansln*. eoal-tar products, naphtha, mathyl alcohoL Blsen (cotton)____ ____ ___ .....___ ___ ! Zinc chloride, aluminum aalta. caldum aaltt, mecnadum aalts. Bmalten................ ............. --............... .....Anaale. Soap makan.____________ Caustic alkali, soap, afttabla oils, sodium tilicat*. Sodium hydroxide makan. Caustic alkalL Sotdaran........ ............................................ . Adda, tine chloride. Bu<ar raftnan.......................... .................... 8unr- Tannery workan. Tar workers............... ........ .............. Temperan------ ...__ _______ _____ Tinnan...____ ___________________ Tobtno rotes. ..................... Tuba laran (ootton oonditlonlne). Adds. Urns, sodium sulphlda, tnanlc salts, brina, calcium hydnsulphld*. chromium aalta Toanr..brio*. Zinc cblorida. Vegetable dust, Taraubl* oils. Nitrobanxol. aluminum salts, temaldahyda, msenadam aalts, odium fiuoalllcat*. Carbon papar. Aooelaraton (bexamatbylanatetramlna). Wuhan...__ ___ ______ ^ isbwoman..____ ..... Watcbtnakan_____ ____ W atarproofan (paper)... Wax-ornamant makan... Wat-bebbla wlndan____ Woodpreoarvan............ .................. .......... Caustic alkali. Caustic alkali, soap, Mils. Potassium cyanidt. Paraffin. Dya lutarmadlataa. potassium cyanide. Lima, aluminum aalta, formaldehyde, maenadam aalts, sodium fluoclllatto. Tar. sine cblorida X-ray workers.___ Radiant anarey. ZInc-ehlorid* maka Adds, tins cblorida. LIST OF BULLETINS OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS The following li a lilt of aB iiiiMlm of the Bureau of Labor Statistic* published since July Ull. exempt that In :ha ease of butlattna giving tha results of periodic turvegs of tha Bureau only tha latest bulletin on any one eubjaet la hare listed. A complete Uat of tha reports end bulletins Issued prior to July 1911. as wall as the bullattna published since that date, will be furnished on application. Bullattna marked thus () are out of print. Conciliation ud arbitration (Indndlag strike* ud lockaata). No. 124. Conduction and arbitration In th* building trad** of Greater Nw York. [1913.] No. 133. Report of tha Industrial council of tha British Board of Trad* on lta Inquiry Into Industrial agreements. [1913.) No. 139. Michigan oopper district struts. [1914.1 No. 144. Industrial court of tha cloak, suit, and skirt Industry of Now York City. [1914.1 No. 143. Conciliation, arbitration, and sanitation In tha draaa and waist Industry of Now York City. No. 191. Collective bartalnlnf In tha anthradta coal industry. [1916.1 No. 198. Collsetlra agreements In tba man's dotbing Industry. |1916.] No. 933. Operation of tha Industrial dlspucas Inreetigatlon act of Canada. [1918. No. 353. Joint Industrial councils In Qraat Britain. (1919.) , No. 383. History of tba Shipbuilding Labor Adjustment Board, 1917 to 1919. No. 387. National War Labor Board: History of Its formation, activities, ate. [193L No. 3(13. Urn of Federal power In settlement of railway labor disputes. (1931.] No. 323. Kansas Court of Industrial Relations. 11933.1 _ No. 341. Trade a*reement la ine silk-ribbon Industry of New York City. [1938J No. 402. Collective bsrgaialngby actors. [1936.] No. 468. Trade agreements, 1937. No. ill. Joint industrial control In tha book and job printing Industry. [I93SJ Cooperation. No. 313. Consumer*' cooperative codettas In tha United State* la 1930. No. 314. Cooperative credit societies (credit unions) In America and In foreign oouatrlas. No. 437. Cooperative movement la the United State* in 1928 (other than agricultural). No. 531. Consumers', credit, and productive cooperative societies, 1939, [1939.] Employment and anemsleymeat. No. 109, Statistics of unemployment and th* work ofemployment offlioaa In the United State*. [1918.] No. 173. Unemployment la New York City. N.Y. [1915.] No. 183 Regularity ol employment In tb* women's ready-to-wear garment tadostrice. [1915.] No. 195. Unemployment in the United States. [1916.] No. 196. Proceedings of Employment Manager*' Conferaaca, bald et Minneapolis, Mina., January 19 and 30.1916. No. 302. Proceedings of th* eonlerene* of Employment Managers' *---*< of Boston, Meet, held May 10,1918. _____ No. 306. The British system of labor ercheag**. [1916.] No. 227. Proceeding* of Employment Managers' Confertaoa, Philadelphia, Pa, April 3 end 1,1917. No. 335. Employment system of th* Lake Carriers' Association. [1918.] No. 241. Public employment offloa* la the United 8tata*. [1918.] No. 347. Proceedings of Employment Managers' Conference, Rochester. N.Y, May 9-11,1918. No. 310. Industrial unemployment: A statistical study of Us eitant and nonear [1933.] No.- 409. Unemployment n Columbus, Ohio, 1921 to 1925. No. 542. Report of theA; dvi'sory- -Committee on -Emp-loyment Statistics. [1981.] No. 544. Unamploymant-taaaflt plans la th* United State* and unemployment in foreign countries. [1931.) No. 563. Fluctuation la employment In Ohio, 1914 to 1939. No. 555. Sodal and wxinnmlr character of unemployment in Philadelphia, April ISS). Pareiga labor bee. No. 143. Administration of labor laws and factory Inspeotlon la eartala European countries. No. 494. labor legislation of Uruguay. [I929.J No. 510. Lobar loglilAtloa of Aivmiao. [1030.] * No. 539. Workman's oompeaaeaoa legislation of th* Latin American oouatrtaa. [1990. No. 549. Labor legislation of Vancanal*, [1931J No. 564. Labor legislation of Paraguay. [1931.1 No. 569. Labor legislation of Ecuador. [1931.) No. 569. Labor legislation of Medea. 119X3.] 0914.] Hoaafng. No. 151. 0 ovemment aid to home owning and housing of working need* la fcnfsnommtita No. 363. Homing by employed la th* United ftatarT (1930.| No. 395. Building opacatioo* in representative dtlas la 1930. No. 548. Bnildlng operations lb the principal etum ef th* United * in (19B la] 1M rtfl4J Industrial l No. 104. Lead poleering in psttaries, to* warts, and & S- B'SS's!2%U-smcrnd.ef <D P*UJ r_ m / Industrial accidents and hygiene--Continued. 'No. Ml. Lead poisoning In tbe smelting and refining of laad. [1914. No. 157. Industrial accident statistics. [1915.) Mo. 155. Lead poisoning in the rnsnutsccurs of storage batteries. [1914.) *S'o. 179. Industrial raisons used in tbs rubber industry. (1915.) Mo. 155. Report of British departmental committee on the danger in the use of lead In the painting of buildings. [1918.1 So. XI. Report of the committee on statistics and compensation insurance cost of the International Association of Industrial Accident Boards and Commissions. (1915.) No. 309. Hygiene of tbe printing trades. (1917.| No. 319. Industrial poisons used or produced in the m-nu'seture of explosives. [ 1017.1 Ns. 231. Hours, fatigue, and bealtb in British munition lactones. [1917.1 No. 230. Industrial efficiency and faticue in British munition factories. [1917.| *No 351. Mortality from respiratory diseases in dusty trades (Inorganic dusts;, f 1918.) No 334 The safety me cement in the iron and steel industry. 1907 to 1917. No. 238 Effect* of tbe air hammer on tbe bands of stonecutters. (1918.) No 349. Industrial health and efficiency, final report of British Health of Munition Workers' Committee. (t919.| No. 351. Preventable death in the cotton-manufacturing industry. [1919.) No. 258. Accidents and accident prevention in machine building. {1919.| No. 387. Anthrat as an occupational disease. U930.I No. 278. Standardisation of industrial accident statistics. [1930.) *No. 180. Industrial poisoning in making coal-tar dyes and aye intermediates. (1921.) No. 291. Carbon monoxide poisoning. [1921.| No. 291. The problem of dust phthisis in tbe granite-stone industry. [1923.] No. 298. Causae and prevention of accidents in the iron and steel industry. 1910-1919. No. 392. Survey of hygienic conditions in the printing trades. (1925.1 No. 405. Phosphorus necrosis in the manufacture of firework* and in the preparation of phosphorus. (1916.1 No. 427. Health survey of tbe printing trades. 1922 to 1925. No. 438. Proceedings of the Industrial Aocidsnt Prevention Conferanoe. held at Washington, D.C., July 14-18. 1938. No. 480. A ne* test for Industrial laad poisoning. [1928.] Mo. 488. Settlement for accidents to American seaman. [1938.) No. 488. Deaths from lead poisoning, 1935-1937. No. 490. Statistics of industrial accidents in tbe United State* to the end of 1937. No. 507. Causes of death, by occupation. (1929.) Industrial relatione and labor eonditlone. No. 237. Industrial unrest in Great Britain. [1917.| No. 140. Chinese migrations, with special refarenoe to labor conditions. (1923.) No. 349. Industrial relations in the arest ooait lumber industry. [1933.1 *No. 381. Lebor relations in the Fairmont (W.Va.) bitummous-coal field. (1934.) No. 380. Postwar labor conditions in Germany. [1925.] No. 383. Works ooundl movement in Germany. [1925.) No. 384. Labor conditions in the shoe industry in Massachusetts. 1930-1934. No. 399. Labor relations in the lace and laoe-cortain industries In the United States. No. 483. Conditions in the shoe industry in Haverhill. Mass.. 1938. No. 534. Labor conditions In the Territory of Hawaii, 1939-1930. [1938. Labor laws of tbe United States [Including dsrMnae of pearls teledag to labor). No. 311. Labor laws and their administration in the Pacific States. [1917.] *No. 229. Wage payment legislation In the United States. (1917.) No. 385. Minimum wage laws of tbe United States: Construction and operation. (1931. No. 331. Labor laws that have been declared unconstitutional. [1933.) No. 343. Laws providing for bureaus of labor statistics, etc. (190.) No. 370. Labor laws of the United States, with decisions of courts relating thereto. (1925. No. 408. Laws relating to peyment of wages [1928.) No. 548. Decisions of court* end opinions affecting labor, 1929-1930. No. 552. Labor legislation. 1930. No. 581. Laws relating to employment agendas in the United States, as of January l, 1933 Proceedings ofannual coovan dona ef tbe Aaaorladao of Governmental Offidala In tndnntry of the United Slatoe and Canada. (Nana ebanged in 1938 from Aasodatioa of Goveramtntnl labor Offidnle of tbo United Statee end Canada.) "No. 266. Savantb, Seattle, Weeb., July 13-15. 1930. No. 307. Eighth. New Orleans. La.. May 3-8. 1931. `No. 333. Ninth. Harrisburg, Pa.. May 23-38.1932. `No. 352. Tenth. Richmond, Va.. May 1-4. 1931. `No. 389. Eleventh. Chicago. DL, Mty 19-33, 1934. `No. 411. Twelfth. Salt Lake City. Utah. August 13-18. 1938. `No. 439. Thirteenth, Columbus, Ohio. June 7-10, 1998. `No. 455. Fourteenth. Paterson, N.J., May 31 to June 3, 1937. `No. 480. Fifteenth, New Orleans, La., May 21-34. 1938. No. 508. Sixteenth, Toronto, Canada, June 4-7, 1939. No. 530. Seventeenth. Louisville. Ey.. May 30-33, 1930. `No. 583. Eighteenth. Boston. Mess.. Mey 18-23. 1931. Proceedings of annual meetings of the International Association of LaduaMal Accident Board* aid Commiesiose No. 210. Third. Columbus. Ohio, April 25-38, 1918. No. 248. Fourth. Boston, Man.. August 21-25,1917. No. 284. Fifth, Madison. Wis.. September 34-77. 1918. `No. 273. Sixth, Toronto. Canada. September 38-38.1919. No. 281. Saveoth, San Franciseo. Calif.. September 20-34, 1930. No. 304. Eighth. Chicago. 111.. September 19-23. 1921. No. 333. Ninth, Baltimore, Md.. October 9-13.1922. No. 359. Tenth, St. Paul, Minn., September 24-28, 1923 () s rim --limn af ***! Mtllap af Ik* fataraslieaaf ilaadtllig at UduaU Aeeidaat Boards ud Minna--Continued. No. 365. Eteventh, Halifax. Non Scotia, AupuT 36-25, 1874. No. 385. Index to prooaadinp, 1814-1834. No. 406 Twelfth, Salt Lake City. Uten, Aucuxt 17-X. 1835. No. 433. Thirteenth, Hartford, Coon., September 14-17,1835. No. 455. Fourteenth, Atlanta. Oa,, Saptambar 27-39, 1937. No 455. Fifteenth. Peterson. NJ., September li-u. 1831. No. 511. Sixteenth, Buffalo, N.Y., October 5-11, 1828. No. 536. Sanntaantb. wumlnfton. Dal.. Saptambar 22-36,1930. No. 564. Elfhtaenth. Richmond. Va.. October 5-5. 1831. No. 677. Nineteenth, Columbus. Ohio. Saptambar 36-29.1833. Proaaadlnp at anneal meatless of tba lalanatianal AaaocdatSoa af labile rmlujmaat Serrlea*. No. 193. First. Chlcaco. Dacambar 19 and X, 1913; aaoond, Indianapolis. Saptambar 34 and 25, 1914; third. Datroit, July i and 2. 1915. *No. 230. Fourth, Buffalo. N Y., Julr X and 31.1916. No. 311. Ninth, Buffalo. N.Y.. Saptambar 7-9, 1921. No. 337. Tanth. Wssblncton. D C- Saptambar 11-11. 1922. No. 355. Eleventh', Toronto. Canada. Saptambar 4-7, 1923. No. 400. Twelfth, Chlcaco, hi.. Mar 19-23, 1924. ___ No. 414. Thirteenth. Rochester, N.Y., Saptambar 15-17,1935. No. 471. Fifteenth, Datroit, Mich., October 25-2S, 1927. No. 501. Sixteenth, Cleveland, Ohio. Saptambar 15-21.1925.__ No. 535. Seventeenth. Philadelphia. Pa., Saptambar 24-27, 19X: elfhteenth, Toronto, Canada, Sap tambar 9-13, 19X. Prodoedvltr af labor and teekaoloflcBl unemployment. No. 356. Prodnetlvitr M*tj in tha oommon-brlek lndustrr. [1934.1 No. 360. Tima and labor costs In manufactories IX pairs of sbeaa, 19X. No. 407. Labor coat of production and wish and hoars af labor la tha paper box-board Industry 11936] No. 412. win*, boon, and productivity la tha pottery Industry, 1925. No. 441. Productivity of labor in tba class Industry [1927.] No. 474. Productivity of labor In merchant blast faraacm [1925.] No. 475. Productivity of labor In newspaper printlac. (1929.1 No. 550. Cano headline and loassbora labor conditions. [1932.1 No. 574. Technolocleal chances and employment In tha united States PostalBerrlsa. [19211 Retail prices and east af Uvlac- *No. 121. Sucar prloM, tram radnar to oonsumar. (1913.] No. IX. Wheat and Soar prloM. from farmtr to consnmar. 11912.] No. 164. Bolter prioaa, from producer to oonjumar 11914.1 No. 170. Foralsn food prlcaa as affected by tha war. 11916.] No. 257. Coat of uvine m tha United States. [1934.] No. 369. Tba use of ooat-of-llvlnc flsuraa In Wise adjustments. [1925.1 No. 495. Retail print, ISM to 1925. Safety eadaa. No. 335. Safety coda tor tha protaction of industrial workers in foundries. No. 350. Roles covarnlnc the approval of baadlltbtlnc devices for motor vahictat. No. 351. 8af*ty coda lor tha construction, ear*, and on of ladders. No. 375. Safety coda tor laundry machinery and operations. No. 382. Coda of llxhtinc school bulldlnp. No. 410. Safety cods tor paper and pulp mills. No. 430 Safety oode for power prassat and toot and hand praaaM. No. 447. Safety coda for rubber mills and calenders. No. 451. Safety node for focclnc and hot-matal stamplncNo. 465. Safety oode for mechanical powar-aansmiatoon apparatus--flm revision. No. 509. Textile safety oode. No. 612. Coda for identification of cat-mask canisters. No. 519. Safety oodt for woodworklnc ptanti, aa revised 19X. Ns. 527. Safety oode for tha use. ear*, and protection of abrasive wbaais, aa revised 1(50. No. 555. Coda of Usbtlnc: Paewrlaa. mills, and other work plaoaa. (Ravlslan of 1950.) No. 563. Safety oodei tor tba prevention of dust axploalonj. VaemtJeaal and workers' edaeadea. No. 169. Short-unit onoiMa for wac* earners, and a factory school experiment. [1915-1 No. 163. Vocational education survey of Richmond. Va. (1915.) No. 199. Vocational education rorvev of Minneapolis, Minn. (1917.) No. 271. Adult workln<-eiaH education In Oraat Britain and tba United Btataa. [19X.] No. 459. Apprantioaahipln bulldlncooastnietlon. 11922.] Wapm aad keosaaf tahar. No. 14a. Trapse_*ad mnlarlty of amploymaat and standardisation of ptaea rates in the dram and xt. --WMtalndnottTaf New York City. (1914.] IS: w22 3 51**- "?. andskW indta^r. (1914.) f slaam-raUraad oars. 1907 to 1918. ___________________ u tea UaTtad CtatMnitlT l1"dn**rt**'1W " 1814 No. 315. Wk^andtamn af labor la tha Iran aad steal Industry. 1*07 te 1*15: with a I No. 2*5 - -. boon ar lahar t* tha aacrtaamm ladaamTimp. " No.350. bSSwIbjarr "-*u la aaautaetauiac M* ntotTaS.' iVteT hour. af tab* in the kaw amt mtHmSSSj. % No. 36$. No. 407. uxyxt <of pwduruaa and wans and hanre m taanr ha Lka paow tins tadnwy. Wage* and kenie ef lehr Continued. Mo. <12. Wages. boon. and productivity la the pottery Industry, 1936. No. 411- Houn and oarwnn ui anthracite and bituminous ooel "*"<"f 1922 and 1924. No. 484. Wage* and boun of Labor of oommon street laborers. 192S. No. 499. History of wages in tba Unltsd States from oolonial ttmaa to 192k No 602. Want and hours of labor In tha motor-rahiela industry, 1928. No. 60*. Waits and hours of Labor In tbt boaiary and underwear Industrtaa, 1X7 to 1928. No. <14. PannsylTania Railroad wage dau. Prom Raport of Joint Pact Ftndinx Comxnittaa In tba wa|i nacotlations In 1927. ... __ Mo. 816. Hours and aarnlnfs m bltumlnous*ooai mtniny, 1929. Mo <23. Waits and boun in tbs manulteturs of alrplasts and aircraft engtnte, 1929. Mo 323. Waits and boun of labor In tba Portland camant Industry. 1929. Mo <32. Warns and boun oflabor In tba elfanttt manufacturlnc Industry. 1930. Mo. 333. Waits and boun of labor in woolan and wonttd toods manufacturlsi, 1910 to 1930. No. 634. Lobor conditions In tha Territory of Hawaii, 1929-1930. No. 333 Wayas and hours oflabor in tba slaafbterlng and maat-pacJclnt Industry, 1929. Mo. <37. Waits and boun of labor In tba dyeing and finishing of taztUaa, 1930. Mo. <39. Waits and boon of labor In ootton roods manufacturlsi, 1910 to 1930. No. <48. Waits and boon In nyon and otbar syntbttlc yarn manufacturing, 1930. No. <47. Wayas and boun In cans suiar nfining Industry, 1930. No. <57. Waits and boun of labor in tba man's elntblni Industry. 1911 to 1930. No. <60. Wagas and boun oflabor In tba lumbar Industry in tba United States. 1990. No. 566. Union soalas of waits and boun of labor. May 15. 1981. No. 387. Wane and houn of labor in tba iron and steal industry. 1931. No. 568. Waits and boun of labor in tba manufacture of silk and rayon foods. 19SL No. 570. Waiea and boun of labor In foundry and machine shoot. 1981. No. 571. Wafas and boun of labor In tba furniture industry, 1910 to 1931. No. 573. Wafrs and boun of labor In metaUlfarous mints. 1924 to lttL No. 575. Wafts and boun of labor In air transportation. 1931. No. 575. Waits and boun of labor In tha slauihtarlnc and meat-packing industry. I93L No. 578. Waias and boun of labor In gasoline filling stations and motor-vehicle repair fames. 1981. No. 579. Wayas and houn of labor in tba boot and shoe industry. 1910 Co 1913. No. 580. Waits and houn of labor in tbo bakery Industry--bread and oake department!, 191L Welfare work. * No. 123. Employin' welfare work. [1913.1 No. 221 Wtlfin work In Brltiib munition factorial. 11917.1 No. 25& Wtlfare work for employees in industrial astabllshments In tha United States. No. 458. Health and recreation actirltlaa In industrial establishments, 1928. [1919.1 Wholesale pH nee No. 284. Index numban of wholesale prises In tbe United States end forelm ocuntries. [1921.1 Mo. 458. Revised index numban of wholesale prloea, 1923 to July, 1927. Mo. 672. Wboltsaie prloas, 1931. Woman and eUdren In iadutry. No. US. Houn. earnings. and duration of employment of wage-earning women in selected lndoitrlai in the District of Columbia. [1913.] No. 117. Prohibition of ni|ht work of yetmi panona. [1918.] No. 118. Tan-hour maximum worklnt day for women and young persons. [1918.1 No. 119. Worklm hours of woman In tbe pea canneries or Wlseonsin. (1913.) No. 122. Employment of women In power laundries In Milwaukee. [1918.] No. 180. Houn. eerninis. and oonditlons of labor of women In Indiana mercantile establishments and (arment factonet. [1914.1 No. 187. Minimum-watt ltflilition in the United States and foraiea ooontrite. fl9U.I No. 175. Summery of tbe report on conditions of woman and child waft earnan In tbt United States 11915.] No. 176. Effect of mlnimnm-waie determinations la Omoa 11915.] No. 180. Tbt boot and shoe industry In Massachusetts ss a vocation for woman. [1918.1 No. 182. Unemployment among woman In department and other retail stereo of Boston, Mam. [1918.] No. 193. Dreemaakinf as a trade for women In Massachusetts. [191a] No. 215. Industrial exporiuos of trade school girls In Massachusetts. (1917.) No. 217. Effect of workmen's compensation laws In diminishing tbs aaeaslty of Industrial employ ment of woman and cbudrea. [1918.1 No. 223. Employment of women and [ueanHea In Qreat Britain during tbe war. No. 253. Woman In tbo lead industries. [1919.] No. 487. Minimum-weft legislation la various 00ontries. [1928.1 No. 588. Labor oonditlons of woman and children la /span. (1981.1 [1917.] WarlOMa't tMasaaoe sad aeisitadil (ladadlaf lawa reladaf ikecate). No. 101. Can of tubereuloas wait eamert in Germany. [1112.] No. 102. British national insurance set, 1911. No. 108. Sickness and accident tnsuranoa law in Bwitssrlaad. [1912.] No. 107. Lew relating to insuranoe of salaried employees In Germany. [1912.] No. 185. Compensation for aoddents to employtsa of tbo United States. 11914.] No. 212. Proceedings of tba oonferaaee on eociel lnsurasco called by tbe laternetlonel Assodatloa of Industrial Accident Boards and Commissions, Washington. D.C.. Deoambar 5-9, 1918. No. 241. Workmen's compensation legislation In tbe United Stateeand toretgn countries, 1917and 1918. No. 301. Comparison of workman's compensation insurance end administration. [1922.] No. 312. National health Insurance In Oreet Britain. 1911 to 1921. No. 379. Comparison of workman's compensation lews of tbe United Btatae is of January 1, 1928. No. 477. Publlc^ervioa retirement systems. United States end Europe. [1929.] No. 496. Worfcmtn'i compensation legislation of tbe United States and Canada es of January l, 1929. (With text of legislation enacted In 1927 and 1921.) No. <28. Workman's compensation legislation of tbe Latin American oouatriaa. U*80J Mtnnin- aria. Vo. 174 8ulb,]e18e1t4I.ndex of the publications of tbs United States Burma of Lobar StasisOas up to Ma't So. 90S. Profit shsrtac to the Uoltod States. 11918.) So. M2. Pood situatioa la eoauol Europe. 1917. So. 9M. International labor ledslstlon oad tbo soelotr of nations. 11919.J No. *5*. Historical survey of latomotional action mSectlns lobor. (1990.) No. 3S9. Mutual rolls/ Associations smonc Qoverameat omploroas la waahlafton, D.C. (1S21.J No. 119. Tbo Burton or Labor Statistics: Its history, sctlntloa. sad ortaalsatlon. [1999.1 No. 318. Methods of procurlnt sad oomputlnc statistical Information of tbo Burma of Labor Statis tics. [19921 No. 342 International Stamen's Cnlns of Amtrlea: A study of Its history aad problems. [1932] No 348. Humanity la rovaramant. [1923.J No. 379. Convict labor la 1939. No. 388. Cost of American aimsbooses. [1998.] No. 398. Qrowth of lofai-ald work la tbo United States. [1998.] No. 401. Family allowances la foroizn conntrim [1998.1 No. 481. Labor ornaisatloas la Ctms. [1938.] No. 488. Beneficial actlrltim of Imaricaa trade-unions. [1998.1 No. 479. Activities and functions of t State department of labor. [1938.] No. 489. Care of asod parsons in United States. 11999.] No. 80S. Directory of nomas for tbs seed la tbs United States. [1999.] No. 808. Handbook of Imaricaa trade-unions, 1939 edition. No. 818. Personas! research standee, 1930 edition. No. Ml. Handbook of labor statistics, 1931 edition. No. 881. Public old-ace pensions aad lasuranm in the United 8talas and in fanfsn countries. [19821 No. 888. Park recreation arms la tna United Stales. 18J0. o 1 i lm