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FILE NAME: Kennecott (KENN) DATE: 1962 DOC#: KENN008 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Minerals Yearbook [US Dept of Interior] - Excerpts MINERALS YEARBOOK 19 6 2 Volume I of Three Volumes M ETALS A N D M INERALS (Except Fuels) Prepared by the staff of the BUREAU OF MINES DIVISION OF MINERALS Charles W . M , errill Chief U. S. DEPOSITORY COPY DO NOT DISCARD U N IT E D S T A T E S D E P A R T M E N T O F T H E IN T E R IO R . Stewart L. U dall, Secretary BUREAU OF MINES Marling J. Ankeny, Director Created in 1 8 49 , the Department of the Interior-- A m erica's D e partment of Natural Resources-- is concerned with the management, conservation, and development of the Nation's water, wildlife, mineral, forest, and park a n d recreational resources. It also has major re sponsibilities for Indian and Territorial affairs. A s the N a tio n 's principal conservation agency, the Department works to assure that nonrenewable resources are developed and used wisely, that park a n d recreational resources are conserved for the future, and that renewable resources make their full contribution to the progress, prosperity, and security of the United States-- now and in the future. U.S. GO VERNM ENT PRINTING OFFICE W A SH IN G TO N . 1963 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Governm ent Printing O ffice Washington, D.C., 2 0 4 0 2 - Price $4.75 forttn eerm c'. 0 MU - 7UM3 _M__ i 1379473 FOREWORD MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1962, published in three volumes, pro vides a record of performance of the Nation's mineral industries during the year, with enough background information to interpret the year's developments. Tne three-volume issues of the Yearbook follow this pattern: Volume I includes chapters on metal and nonmetal mineral com modities except mineral fuels. In addition, it contains a chapter reviewing these mineral industries, a statistical summary, and chap ters on mining and metallurgical technology, employment and in juries, and technologic trends. The former "Minor Metals" and "Minor Nonmetals" chapters have been combined in one chapter on "Minor Metals and Minerals." Volume I I includes chapters on each mineral fuel and a helium, an employment and injuries presentation, and a mineral-fuels review chapter that summarizes development in the fuel industries. Volume I I I contains chapters covering each of the 50 States, plus a chapter on island possessions in the Pacific Ocean, the Common wealth of Puerto Rico and island possessions in the Caribbean Sea, including the Canal Zone. Volume I I I also has a statistical sum mary chapter, identical with that in Volume I, and a chapter on em ployment and injuries. Figures in the Minerals Yearbook are based largely upon infor mation supplied by mineral producers, processors, and users, and acknowledgment is made of this indispensable cooperation given by industry. Information obtained from individuals through confiden tial surveys has been grouped to provide statistical aggregates. Data on individual producers are presented only if available from published or other nonconfidential sources, or when permission of the individuals concerned has been granted. M auling J . A n k e n y , Director. m ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Bureau of Mines has been assisted in collecting mine-produc tion data and the supporting information appearing in this volume of the MINERALS YEARBOOK by the following cooperating organizations: Alabama: Geological Survey of Alabama. A lask a: D epartm ent of N atu ral Resources. Arizona: Arizona Bureau of Mines. Arkansas: Geological and Conservation Commission; Arkansas Oil and Gas Commission; Department of Revenue. California: Division of Mines and Geology. Delaware: Delaware Geological Survey. F lorida: Florida Geological Survey. Georgia: Geological Survey of Georgia. H aw aii: Department of Land and Natural Resources. Idaho: Bureau of Mines and Geology. Illinois: State Geological Survey Division. Indiana: Geological Survey, Department of Conservation. Iowa: Iowa Geological Survey. Kansas: Conservation Division, State Corporation Commission and State Geo logical Survey of Kansas. Kentucky: Kentucky Geological Survey. Louisiana: Louisiana Geological Survey and Louisiana Department of Con servation. M aine: Geological Survey of Maine. Maryland: Department of Geology, Mines, and Water Resources. Michigan: Geological Survey Division, Department of Conservation. Mississippi: Mississippi Geological Survey, Mississippi State Oil and Gas Board, and Oil and Gas Service Tax Division, Mississippi State Tax Commission. Missouri: Division of Geological Survey and W ater Resources, Department of Business and Administration. Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology. Nevada: Nevada Bureau of Mines. New Hampshire: Department of Resources and Economic Development. New Jersey: Bureau of Geology and Topography. New York: New York State Science Service. North Carolina: Geological Survey of North Carolina. North Dakota : North Dakota Geological Survey. Oklahoma: Oklahoma Geological Survey and Oil and Gas Conservation Depart ment ; Oklahoma Corporation Commission, Gross Production Division; Okla homa Tax Commission. Oregon: State Department of Geology and Mineral Industries. Pennsylvania: Bureau of Topographic and Geological Survey. Puerto Rico: Mineralogy and Geology Section, Economic Development Adminis tration, Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. South Carolina: Geological Survey of South Carolina. South D akota: State Geological Survey. Tennessee: Department of Conservation and Commerce. Texas: Bureau of Economic Geology, The University of T exas; Oil and Gas Division, Railroad Commission of T exas; Oil and Gas Division, State Comp troller of Public Accounts. U tah : Utah Geological and Mineralogical Survey. Virginia: Division of Mineral Resources. Washington: Division of Mines and Geology, Department of Conservation and Development. v VI MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1 9 6 2 West V irginia: Weet Virginia Geological and Economic Survey. Wisconsin : Wisconsin Geological Survey. Wyoming: The Geological Survey of Wyoming. Except for the four review chapters, this volume was prepared by the staff of the Division of Minerals. All manuscripts were reviewed to insure statistical consistency among the tables, figures, and text, between this volume and volume I I I , and between this volume and those for former years, by a staff supervised by Kathleen J. D 'Amico, who was assisted by Julia Muscal, Helen L. Gealy, Helen E. Tice, Mary E. Daugherty, Nellie W. Fahmey, Robert E. Anderson, and Joseph Spann. The assembly and preparation of data for world production tables were supervised by Berenice B. Mitchell, Division of Foreign Ac tivities. Minerals Yearbook compilations are based largely on facts provided by the mineral industries. Acknowledgment is made of the willing contribution by both companies and individuals of these essential data. , C harles W . M vruttt., Chief Division of Minerals. CONTENTS Foreword, by Marling J. Ankeny___________________________________ Acknowledgments, by Charles W. Merrill____________________________ Review of the mineral industries (metals and nonmetals except fuels), by Kung-Lee Wang________________________________________________ Eeview of metallurgical technology, by Eollien E. Wells----------------------Eeview of mining technology, by .Paul T. Allsman and James E. Hill----Technologic trends in the mineral industries, by Donald R. Irving______ Statistical summary of mineral production, by Kathleen J. D'Amico____ Employment and injuries in the metal and nonmetal industries, by Forrest T. Moyer______________________________________________________ Abrasive materials, by James D. Cooper and Gertrude E. Tucker_______ Aluminum, by Kenneth B. Higbie, Clarke I. Wampler, and Mary E. T r o u g h t....__________________ Antimony, by Richard N. Spencer and Edith E. den Hartog___________ Arsenic, by F. L. Wideman and Gertrude N. Greenspoon______________ Asbestos, by J. M. West and Victoria R. Schreck_____________________ Barite, by Milford L. Skow and Victoria R. Schreck__________________ Bauxite, by Kenneth B. Higbie, Arden C. Sullivan, and Mary E. Trought.. Beryllium, by Donald E. Eilertsen_________________________________ Bismuth, by Richard N. Spencer and Edith E. den H artog____________ Boron, by Henry E. Stipp and Victoria R. Schreck___________________ Bromine, by Henry E. Stipp and Victoria R. Schreck_________________ Cadmium, by A. D. McMahon and Esther B. Miller__________________ Calcium and calcium compounds, by C. Meade Patterson_____________ Cement, by J. M. West and Ardell H. Lindquist______________________ Chromium, by Andrew S. Prokopovitsh and Hilda V. Heidrich_________ Clays, by Taber de Polo and Betty Ann B rett________________________ Cobalt, by Joseph H. Bilbrey, Jr., and Violet M. Clarke_______________ Columbium and tantalum, by F. W. Wessel and Robert A. W hitman____ Copper, by F. L. Wideman, Gertrude N. Greenspoon, and Wilma F. Washington____________________________________________________ Diatomite, by John W. Hartwell and Victoria R. Schreck______________ Feldspar, nepheline syenite, and aplite, by Taber de Polo and Gertrude E. Tucker________________________________________________________ Ferroalloys, by Frank L. Fisher, Gertrude C. Schwab, and Hilda V. Heidrich_______________________________________________________ Fluorspar and cryolite, byWilliam V.K uster__________________________ Gem stones, by John W. Hartwell and Betty Ann B rett_______________ Gold, by J. P. Ryan and Ethel M. Tucker___________________________ Graphite, by Harold J. Drake and Betty Ann B rett___________________ Gypsum, by William V. Kuster and Jewel B. Mallory_________________ Iodine, by Henry E. Stipp and Victoria R. Schreck___________________ Iron ore, by R. W.Holliday andHelen E.Lewis_______________________ Iron and steel, by Joseph H. Bilbrey, Jr., and Gail Knight_____________ Iron and steel scrap, by James E. Larkin______________ Iron oxide pigments, by John W. Hartwell and B etty Ann B rett_______ Kyanite and related minerals, by James D. Cooper and Gertrude E. Tucker________________________________________________________ Lead, by Richard N. Spencer, Edith E. den Hartog, and Mary E. Graves.. Lime, by C. Meade Patterson and Rose L. Ballard____________________ Lithium, by Arnold M. Lansche and Victoria R. Schreck______________ Magnesium, by H. B. Comstock and Jeannette I. Baker_______________ Magnesium compounds, by H. B. Comstock and Jeannette I. Baker____ Manganese, by Gilbert L. DeHuff and Teresa F ra tta __________________ vn Page hi v 1 65 79 93 137 187 197 213 243 253 259 273 289 311 321 327 345 353 363 371 411 427 457 469 483 531 537 547 561 585 599 623 633 649 655 687 717 743 749 753 789 819 825 835 847 vm MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1 9 6 2 Mercury, by John E. Shelton and Gertrude N. Greenspoon____________ Mica, by Milford L. Skow and Gertrude E. Tucker___________________ Molybdenum, by Horace T. Reno and Mary J. Burke_________________ Nickel, by Joseph H. Bilbrey, Jr., and Ethel R. Long_________________ Nitrogen, by Richard W. Lewis and Betty Ann B rett_________________ Perlite, by John W. Hartwell and Victoria R. Schreck_________________ Phosphate rock, by Richard W. Lewis and Gertrude E. Tucker_________ Platinum-group metals, by J. P. Ryan and Ethel M. Tucker___________ Potash, by Richard W. Lewis and Gertrude E. Tucker________________ Pumice, by John W. Hartwell______________________________________ Quartz crystal, electronic-grade, by Benjamin Petkof and Gertrude E. T u c k e r,....................... ..................................................... ............................... Rare-earth minerals and metals, by John G. Parker___________________ Salt, by Robert T. MacMillan_____________________________________ Sand and gravel, by Perry G. Cotter and Jewel B. Mallory____________ Silicon, by Frank L. Fisher, Gertrude C. Schwab, and Hilda V. Heidrich.. Silver, by J. P. Ryan and Ethel M. Tucker__________________________ Slag: iron-blast-furnace, by Perry G. Cotter__________________________ Sodium and sodium compounds, by Robert T. MacMillan and Victoria R. Schreck_______________________________________________________ Stone, by Perry G. Cotter and Nan C. Jensen________________________ Strontium, by Arnold M. Lansche and Victoria R. Schreck_____________ Sulfur and pyrites, by Clarence O. Babcock and Betty I. Stanley_______ Talc, soapstone, and pyrophyllite, by Harold J. Drake and Betty Ann B rett......... .................................... Thorium, by John G. Parker_______________________________________ Tin, by John E. Shelton and John B. Umhau________________________ Titanium, by John W. Stamper_____________________________________ Tungsten, by Andrew S. Prokopovitsh and Mary J. Burke_____________ Uranium, by John G. Parker and Ethel M. Tucker___________________ Vanadium, by Richard F. Stevens, Jr., and Huguette A. Lizotte________ Vermiculite, by John W. Hartwell and Nan C. Jensen_________________ Water, by Robert T. MacMillan____________________________________ Zinc, by A. D. McMahon, Esther B. Miller, and Dora A. Rice_________ Zirconium and hafnium, by F. W. Wessel and John W. Stamper________ Minor metals and minerals, by Staff, Division of Minerals_____________ Index------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Page 873 889 911 923 939 955 961 981 999 1013 1021 1025 1035 1049 1077 1089 1111 1119 1129 1159 1163 1189 1199 1205 1231 1251 1265 1287 1297 1303 1309 1351 1359 1381 Asbestos By J. M. W est1 and Victoria R. Schreck2 * A LTH O U G H the United States consumed 24 percent oi the world output of asbestos fiber, it supplied only 7 percent of its own " * requirements. The Nation ranked seventh among world pro ducers and contributed 2 percent of the total output. LEGISLATION A N D GO VERNM ENT PROGRAMS A revised national stockpile purchase specification, P-4-R3, was issued on January 23, 1962, by the Office of Emergency Planning for Government procurement of amosite asbestos. The new specifica tion superseded the one dated August 4, 1959. Deliveries of Arizona No. 2 chrysotile for the stockpile were com pleted by one of three contracting operators. The Government con tinued to acquire amosite and crocidolite asbestos for stockpiling under barter agreements through the U.S. Department of Agriculture. TABLE 1.--Salient asbestos sta tistic s 1953-57 1938 1959 1960 1961 1962 (average) United States: Production (sales)...............short tons.. V a lu e ............ .............. thousands.. Imports for consumptiou (unmanu factured)........... ............... short tons.. Value thousands Exports (unm anufactured)1_________ short tons.. V alu e............................. t h o u s a n d s . . Exports of asbestos products (value)1 _____________________ thousands.. Consumption, apparent1 ..short tons.. World: Production______________.do___ .322 $4.740 m , 7io (9,722 2.720 (375 (12 S7S 740.342 1,850.000 43.979 SS, 127 644.331 $3.314 3.026 $424 $13.233 636.284 2,066,000 45.459 $4.391 713.047 $66,006 4,461 $793 *12. 021 754.045 2,270,000 45,223 $4.231 669.496 $63,345 6,526 $857 $13.703 709.104 2, 440,000 52.814 $4,347 <613.620 $53.942 3, 709 $759 $13. 825 >665.644 2.770,000 53,190 $4,677 676.027 $64,150 2.040 $508 $14,274 726,268 3.055,000 Revised figure. Includes reexports. >Measured by quantity produced, plus Imports, minus exports. DOMESTIC PRODUCTION Asbestos production in the United States increased 1 percent in quantity and 8 percent in value compared with 1961. Most of the rise in value came from California and Vermont sales, although 1Commodity specialist. Division of Minerals. * Statistical assistant, Division of Minerals. 259 262 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1 9 6 2 Asbestos magazine published Arizona asbestos prices, f.o.b. Globe, as follows: Grade: r c r short ton fifii lia r . 10>1969 No. 1 so ft__________________________ $1, 650 to $1, 800 $1,475 to $1,650 No. 2 so ft__________________________ 800 to 1,000 800 to 1,000 Group 3-- F ilterin g and spinning___ 375 to 450 425 to 450 Group 4-- P lastic and filtering______ 225 to 250 385 to 400 Group 5--P lastic and filtering______ 190 to 225 225 to 375 Group 7--Refuse and sh o rts_______ 58 to 90 58 to 90 Market quotations were not available for African, Australian, and South American asbestos because sales were negotiated privately. The following average values were calculated from U.S. Department of Commerce import data : Per short ton Im ports: 1961 1969 A m o site_______________________________________________ $163 $164 Crocidolite : B o liv ia _______________________________________________ 182 A ustralia ____________________________________________ 209 201 South A frica, Republic of_____________________________ 202 221 FOREIGN TRADE4 Imports of amosite and chrysotile increased 36 and 9 percent, respec tively, and crocidolite decreased 4 percent, resulting in an overall in crease of 9 percent in total asbestos imports in 1962. Low-iron chrysotile imports of spinning-length fibers from British Columbia decreased from 5,374 tons in 1961 to 5,077 tons. Ninetyseven percent of all chrysotile imported was short fiber of less than spinning length. The Kepublic of South Africa supplied crocidolite and chrysotile and was the only source of amosite. Imports from Australia consisted solely of crocidolite. The total of crocidolite imports from these two countries was 17,127 tons. An additional ton was imported from Bolivia. Finland supplied anthophyllite, and only chrysotile was imported from other countries. Exports of unmanufactured asbestos decreased from 3,572 tons in 1961 to 2,824 tons. Imports included 7,633 tons of amosite and 8,270 tons of crocidolite acquired for the Government's supplemental stockpile.* *F igures on im ports and exports compiled by Mae B. P rice and Elsie D. Jackson, D ivision of Foreign A ctivities. Bureau of Mines, from records of the U.S. D epartm ent of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. ASBESTOS 263 TABLE 2.---ILS. im port fo r co n sum ption of asb e sto s ( u n m a n u f a c tu r e d ) , by classes and countries1 Year and country Crude (including Textile fiber*3 blue fiber) Short tons Value Short tons Value AU other Short tons Value Total Short Value tons 1961; North America: Canada. South America: Bolivia.. Europe: F in lan d ,.__ ItAlvl _ Portugal 2 ______ Yugoslavia _ Africa: Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Federation Of 1................... Union of South Africa3_________ fWimjA: Australia . . . . 437 $60.097 50 9,090 i 3 8 5,194 J 6, 20 645 173,260 32, 469 8616,424 333. 335 a6, 182,426 2,314 482, 764 16,903 $6,163,364 552, 713 $44,713,557 570,053 $50,937,018 50 9,090 3165 14, 500 3165 14,500 110 16,530 113 22,650 8 645 5,194 173,260 3753 132,559 33,222 748, 983 18 6.349 2,057 3365,388 35,410 6,553,163 2.314 482, 764 Total______ _______ 43.810 *7,530,826 16.921 6.168.713 3555.798 *45,242,534 *616.529 58.942.073 1962: North America: Canada. South America: Bolivia *. Europe: Finland Italv 3____________ Portugal *_____ _ Yugoslavia__ ___ Africa: Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Federation of*........................ . South Africa, Bepublic o'13fl__ _ _ Oceania: Australia_____ 232 55, 411 1 3G 9 3,444 10,585 119, 614 4,171 859,177 30, 250 5.514,426 7, 525 1,616.323 14,816 5,875,484 608,757 49,003, 906 440 18,150 28 5.123 23 2,374 11 542 623,805 54, 934, 801 1 300 440 37 23 3, 455 18.150 15. 708 2.374 120,156 1,908 4,412 366,056 803,274 6,079 1,225,233 34.662 6. 317, 700 7. 525 1. 515.323 Total............................. 45, 632 8,074,836 14,816 5,875, 484 615, 579 50,199,425 676,027 64,149,745 *In Minerals Yearbook 1961, page 285, table 2, the 1960 total of short fibers should read 472,164 short tons Instead of 5,472,164 short tons. 3 Data reported by the Bureau of the Census have been adjusted by the Bureau of Mines. *Bevised figure. *All believed to be from Southern 'Rhodesia. ""eported by the Bureau of the Census as Chile. >Effective Jan. 1,1962; formerly Union of South Africa. Source; Bureau of tha Census. 264 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1 9 6 2 TABLE 3.-- TT.S. im p o rts fo r co n su m p tio n of asbestos, fro m specified c o u n trie s, by grades (Short tons) Grade 1961 Canada Southern Rhodesia i Union of South A frica3 1962 Canada Southern Rhodesia ' Republic of South A frica8 1 Chrysotile: Crudes..............--............ . Spinning or textile......... All other___ ___________ Crocidolite (blue)....... .............. Amosite................. ............ ........ T o ta l.................. ............. 437 16,903 562, 713 570, 053 <2,469 <753 * 3,222 2,856 18 2, 057 8 15, 501 14,978 * 35, 410 232 14,816 608,757 0 623,805 4,171 1,908 6,079 413 4,412 9, 602 20,235 34,662 1 Reported by the Bureau of the Census as Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland. Southern Rhodesia, Excludes data adjusted by the Bureau of Mines. * Includes data adjusted by the Bureau of Mines. * Effective Jan. 1, 1962; formerly Union of South Africa. Revised figure. *Excludes data adjusted by the Bureau of Mines. Believed to be from TABLE 4.--U.S. exports 1 and reexports1 of asbestos and asbestos products Product 1961 Quantity Value 1962 Quantity Value Exports: Unmanufactured: Crude and spinning fibers............... short tons.. Nonsplnning fibers....................................do___ Waste and refuse....................................... do__ Total unmanufactured...........................do___ Products: Brake lining and blocks--molded, semi molded, and woven......................................................... Clutch facing and lining..................... number.. Construction materials, n.e.c_____ short tons.. Pipe covering and cement................... _..do___. Textiles, yarn, and packing.....................do___ Manufactures, n.e.c............................................. Total products_____________ _____ _____ Reexports: Unmanufactured: Crude and spinning fibers........ ...... short tons.. Nnnspinnln fibers. . _____________ d o __ Waste and refuse....................................... d o .... Total Unmanufactured......................... do___ Products: Brake lining and blocks--molded, semlmolded, and woven_______ __________ ________ . . . Construction materials, n.e.c_____short tons.. Textiles, yarn, and packing_____ ____ ,,.do___ Total products ________________________ 1.064 1,084 1,424 3,572 $281,444 256,261 170,755 708, 460 0 1,452,435 11,300 2, 627 1,288 0 4,192, 908 1,149,299 2, 980,726 1,485,640 3,106,542 889,625 13,804,740 308 24.175 106 26,003 13 594 227 50, 772 0 63 1 1,580 18,353 228 20,161 655 968 1,201 2,824 0 2,277,461 9,064 2,890 1,453 0 95 *30 125 W 7 $162,180 204,797 211,456 578,383 4,645, 844 1,561,659 2,343, 404 1,242, 752 3,311,355 1,164,908 14,269,922 14,193 5, 437 19,630 1,905 1,756 3,661 1Materials of domestic origin, or foreign material that has been milled, blended, or otherwise processed in the United States. *Material that has been imported and later exported without change. 8Values have been summarized; Quantities not shown. * Quantity not recorded. 8 Adjusted by Bureau of Mines. Source: Bureau of the Census. ASBESTOS 265 WORLD REVIEW B NORTH AMERICA Canada.--Asbestos shipments in 1962 set a record of more than 1.2 million tons. More than 95 percent of 1961 shipments were exported.8 Employment at Canadian asbestos mines and mills in 1961 totaled 6,875 workers. Canadian Johns-Manville Co., Ltd., operated the Jeffrey mine. Asbestos, Quebec, close to capacity during 1962. The return of the mine to open-pit operation was essentially completed. An inclined skipway was installed for removing waste from the pit. Explorations for asbestos were conducted by the company between Amos and Barraute in northwestern Quebec. The company managed development operations at the Advocate Mines, Ltd. property, Baie Verte, northern Newfoundland, where stripping of waste continued in preparation for production to start in mid-1963. Output was expected to exceed 40,000 tons of fiber annually, mainly group 4 for use in asbestoscement products. Asbestos Corporation Ltd. exchanged shares equivalent to a 10-per cent interest with Eternit S.A. of Belgium. A long-term contract for purchase of asbestos from the Canadian company was included in the agreement. Ore reserves at the end of 1962 were, in million tons: King-Beaver, 12.4; British Canadian, 46.9; Normandie, 20.3; and others, 14.2. A total of 4.6 million tons of ore was milled, and 10.9 million tons of barren rock excavated. More than 1 million tons of overlying waste, was stripped from the ore hody at the Normandie mine. A pilot plant for producing finely ground asbestos filler was installed at the mine. An option was taken by Asbestos Corporation Ltd. on the Murray Mining Corp. Ltd., Asbestos Hill property, south of Deception Bay in the Ungava area, northern Quebec. Exploration and plans for de 1 ment continued. action by Lake Asbestos of Quebec Ltd., a subsidiary of Ameri can Smelting and Refining Company, totaled 100,612 tons, compared with 95,042 tons in 1961. Ore reserves were increased at the com pany's Black Lake, Quebec, mine by continued development work on the open pit. Several exploration holes were drilled by Bornite Copper Corp. on its prospect m Cleveland Township, near Asbestos, Quebec. A de posit 1,000 feet or more long and 140 feet wide was indicated. Assays were from 6.4 to 9.7 percent fiber and floats, mainly classified as shorts. A magnetometer survey was completed over the northeast part of the Gypsum Co. initiated an expansion program to increase capacity at its Thetford Mines, Quebec, property. " V alues In th is section are .S. dollars based on th e averag e r a te o f exchange by th e F ederal Reserve Board unless other-wise specified. " Dominion Bureau of StatisUcs, Industry and M erchandising Division (O ttaw a, C anada). The Asbeatos In d u stry , 1961. A nnual Rept. No. 26-200, O ctober 1962, 10 pp. 707-626-- 63------ 18 266 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 19 62 TABLE 5.-- W orld p ro d u c tio n of asb e sto s b y co u n trie s ** (Short tons) Country 1 1953-57 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 (average) North America: Canada (sales)3----- ---------------United States (sold or used by producers)-------- ------------- . . . 991,896 46,322 T otal......................... ................... 1,038,218 Sooth America: A rgentina----------------------------Roll lii (f;\ports)__________ Brazil___ ________ *...... ............. Venezuela. , ________. . . . . . . 429 205 2, 738 3,223 T otal............................................- 6, 595 Europe: A ustria________ ___ . . . . . . . . . . . . B ulgaria......................................... Finland *__________ . . . . . . . . . . . . F ra n c e ..,........................................ Italy ..................................... ........... Portugal................ ..................... . ix> Spain___. . . . . . . . ________ ____ _ tf.S .S .R ....................................... Y u g o sla v ia ....................................... l". 146 11.567 13.641 33, 059 68 35 425,000 4, 465 Total <.................... ...... ............. 490,000 Asia: China <........................................... C y p ru s ........................................ In d ia____________________ . . . J a p a n ....... ....................................... Korea, Republic of........................ Philippines_______ _______. . . . . T aiw an............................................. T u r k e y .......................................... 22.000 15. 379 1,221 8, 290 90 190 208 Total *........................................... 47,000 Africa: B e c h u a n a la n d .......................... ....... K enya_______________________ Morocco________________ _____ M ozambique____________ _____ Rhodesia and Nyasaland. Federatlon of: Southern Rhodesia. South Africa, Republic of............. Swaziland_______ ____________ United Arab Republic (E gypt).. 1,185 164 467 170 104, 811 123. 532 30, 692 49 T otal_____ - . _ 261,070 Oceania: A u stra lia ..._______ __________ New Zealand................................... 8. 244 154 T otal__ _____ _______________ 8. 398 World total (estimate) 13 1,850,000 925,331 43, 979 960, 310 285 3,816 9,152 13. 253 1,100 7. 932 20. 742 42,500 98 550.000 5.960 630,000 65.000 16,494 1.302 11,187 22 47 839 95,000 2, 265 120 198 127.115 175, 644 25, 261 485 331,088 15. 570 454 16. 024 2. 055, 000 1,050,429 45. 459 1.095.888 320 168 12,325 5.095 17, 908 1,100 9. 579 23.360 49, 778 40 19 600,000 4,748 690.000 90.000 34. 424 1,464 13, 633 88 56 150 411 120.000 1,410 43 37 119. 699 182. 405 24, 806 502 328, 902 17, 875 640 18.515 2, 270, 000 1,118,453 45,223 1.163,679 4 330 66 14.590 4.333 19,319 215 1.200 10, 534 28, 662 66, 672 144 4 660.000 5. 070 765,000 90,000 23.316 1,886 17.042 740 36 486 236 135.000 1,282 117 22 133, 963 175. 867 32, 027 49C 343. 774 15,613 319 15 932 2,440,000 1,173,695 52, 814 1,226.509 <330 57 < 18,700 650 <19.750 564 1,200 10.339 30. 746 62,810 21 11 880,000 6,709 990.000 90,000 16.207 1,618 18,799 341 83 44 496 128,000 1,924 151 162 161,610 194.834 30,792 254 389.727 16, 746 373 17,119 2, 770, 000 1, 223, 509 53,190 1,276, 699 <330 56 < 18, 750 < 19, 150 503 <1,100 10, 869 27, 558 61,233 l.ioo.ooo 7, 401 1,210,000 90,000 19, 993 1,705 15. 550 1,333 1, 037 '525 m 130,000 2,375 150 110 142.196 221,302 32.830 <250 399 213 18. 392 < 375 18, 767 3. 055, 000 i Asbestos also is produced in Czechoslovakia, Eritrea, North Korea, and Rumania. No estimates for these countries are included in the total, as production is believed to be negligible. 1 This table incorporates some revisions. D ata do not add to totals shown because of rounding where estimated figures are included in the detail. 3 Exclusive of sand, gravel, and stone (wa^te rock only), production of which Is reported as follows: 195357 (average) 27,042 tons; 1958, 18,449 tons; 1959, 29,532 tons; I960, 51,624 tons; 1961, 41,696 tons; 1962, data not available. <Estimate. 1Includes asbestos flour. Compiled by Helen L. Hunt, Division of Foreign Activities. ASBESTOS TABLE G.--Canada: Sales of asbestos by grades 267 1961 1962 Orade Value Short tons Total Average (thousands) per ton Value Short tons Total Average (thousands) per ton fi Crude No. 1, 2, and other_______ 163 $132 $810 Mi.led group: 3.................................................. 29.296 10,619 362 4.................................................. 339. 082 56. 874 168 ' 1,223,509 () () .................................................. 179,852 20.359 113 6______ _____________ _____ 193.467 14.461 75 7................................................. 423. 116 15,916 38 S......................................... 8,719 164 19 Total, all grades...... ........... 1,173. 695 118.525 101 >1.223, 509 () () Waste rock....................................... 41,696 35 1 (*) (*) W Breakdown by grades not available. >D ata not available. Source: Dominion Bureau of Statistics A t Roberge Lake, northwestern Quebec, McAdam Mining Corp. drilled a 500-foot hole to explore a magnetic anomaly northeast of the main asbestos zone. The main zone was reported to contain 15 million tons of ore averaging about $5 per ton in fiber value. A third zone was indicated by a magnetometer survey. Central Asbestos Mines con ducted magnetometer surveys of claims in the Thetford Mines area and Coleraine Township, Quebec. Recoveries from bulk tests in the pilot plant at the Hedman Mines Ltd. property in W arden and Munro Townships, 25 miles northeast of Matneson, Ontario, averaged about $25.50 per ton in value. Reserves available through open-pit mining to a depth of 300 feet were estimated at 8.5 million tons. Design of a large mill was nearly completed. The main shaft at the Munro mine of Canadian Johns-Manville Co., Ltd., was deepened 300 feet below the 637-foot level in prepara tion for a second production level. W ork continued on the westward extension of the 637-foot level. Two grades of fiber were produced. Operations at the Cassiar Asbestos Corp. Ltd. mine in British Co lumbia continued through the winter months. During 1962 720,000 tons of ore was mined and 2,358,000 tons of waste rock stripped. Ore milled totaled 535,000 tons, consisting of 295,000 tons of concentrate from the rock-rejection circuit and 240,000 tons of mine-run ore. Plans were made to move the crushing plant to a lower level and to install a larger crusher. Recovery of AK and A X grades was to be improved. Ore reserves were sufficient for 30 years of production at the current rate. The parent company, Conwest Exploration Co., Ltd., leased w aterfront property in North Vancouver, British Colum bia, and planned a $1 million improvement in dock facilities. An option on an asbestos prospect southeast of A tlin on the Taku River, British Columbia, was dropped. SOUTH AMERICA Brazil.--The mine of Mineracao de Amianto, S.A., at Djalma D utra (Pocoes), Bahia, continued production. Sales of clirysotile to B ra 268 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1 0 6 2 zilian ports totaled 1,279 tons in 1962. A pilot plant reportedly was constructed for processing fiber from newly discovered deposits in Batalha, Alagoes. EUROPE Greece.--Developmental work was continued on an extensive deposit of asbestos at Kozani by Kenbestos Corp., a subsidiary of Kennecott Copper Corp. A plant to produce asbestos-cement products was planned. Ireland.--Exploratory drilling of a deposit near Sligo on the north west coast was planned by Northern Canada Mines, Ltd. United Kingdom.--A $3 million asbestos-cement-products plant, the largest in Europe, was opened at Widnes in northwest England. Yugoslavia.--An established plant, Antisa Vucicic Salonite, began producing large-diameter asbestos-cement pipe partly for export. An asbestos-yam plant began operating at Poloce on the Adriatic. Means for improving the mining and processing of asbestos were studied by an American, Dr. A rthur B. Cummins, under an International Cooperative Administration contract. ASIA Cyprus.--All production was exported, except for a few hundred tons that was used annually for domestic manufacture of asbestos-cement sheeting. Reserves at the Cyprus Asbestos Mines, Ltd., deposit below the summit of Mount Olympus near Amiandos were large, but the fiber content was generally less than 1 percent. India.--ImporLs of asbestos totaled 21,679 tons valued at $4,935,000 in 1961, compared with 24,315 tons valued at $5,670,000 in 1960. Domestic asbestos was a suitable substitute for imported fiber in the manufacture asbestos-cement pipe in a process developed by Central Fuel Research Institute.7 Viet-Nam.--Plans were announced by E tem it Vietnam for an asbestos-cement plant at Saigon having an annual capacity of 10,000 tons. AFRICA Bechuanaland.--Exports totaled 1,852 tons valued at $450,527 in 1961. An aerial magnetometer survey was conducted, mainly over southern portions of the territory, in search of asbestos and other m inerals. Mozambique.--Long-fiber tremolite was produced from the Mavita mine of Sociedade Mineira de Mavita, Lda., south of Vila Manica near the Rhodesian border, and exported to several countries including the United States for asbestos-cement manufacture. Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Federation of.--Crude asbestos exports, mostly from Turner and Newall, Ltd., mines at Shabani and Mashaba, to taled 133,516 tons valued at $23,637,000 in 1961. The tonnages were distributed as follows, in percent: United Kingdom, 57; Czechoslo vakia, 8; Poland, 2; United States, 1; and other countries, 32. As- 7Journal of Mines, M etals and Fuels (C alcutta, In d ia ). Asbestos Cement Pipes From Indian A sbestos. V. 10, No. 9, Septem ber 1962, pp. 29, 31.