Document EqDroX184Rrad1vGBDMKNdMMN
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LIA10112
LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION---------------
o (ac t as m* rrnirr
MCW VOW I >. N.Y.
UfV, 1958 uxa gg^Tcu. coHSTKocrrai
tcixmyno. go
BVBJZCTt tJSt LEAD TO CCBfTBg,
K7HEPT CORSaSTCW
AtWchad la a roprlntod artiela *Vaa load to Ctetrol Atflaarj Corroaloc," jraparod tgr X. A. HalUrtc*7 Taefcnical DlroeW of Mm Laad
LI A10113
.11 ai<flr.liiMlM ' ^ 1 n ii ^ iTii'-mill , n.^nrt *H* * i^rtwH '
11W9W*
N3100.01
LIA1011A
i-rrVif-Tiiftirti
O Use Lead to Control Refinery Corrosion
Here are the latest practices in lead construction that explain how to avoid the difficulties sometimes experienced with lead-lined equipment.
Uod t*du#rtoa tmcxkmoA. No* Vort, R V.
1L Sl J
k t h o l e u m nznstks mk high im ik Dm <f imporual m)>
fane *dd wra Ocrf tbr pm Dv# yean, em 40 ptfffw giWth k
my Dm berm Md k the cat**
htre pbm, for critUf Md for
i&yktioa. U idditio* to kctttaH
RqvrTtmti for acid unuic, lh
pwrtk fai mud fcemanfirkia om
tbr >nn ha* prmtud a roMkakf
nerd far itujrotwi Irdmiqwi im ibr
me cf Wtd chrmird reaMneum.
Im tbr vtm of indfndtinni, com*
UmcanH of rank head and arid
dodrt. and
Utrly
tbr fwqufftfti cf Uv iknr-mrm btevd prwnw, (nr emdeo Iraft
bporuM roR
Ahbmcb by far tbr largnt job for bad tfi (d rrfminc. oufurir arid handling a not ahvw im tu drmanck. Mupi mat a* W|t a tar bat drfkraly am iropnrtant mr k im tb* aora*** cf dun crfvlirra tnrd for frr bfktanc trmfi Rujnr an <h> M read berr, bcwoyr, and k a no* ifrqrxaJ (hat it it fraind im alum fcfonn and im pfrdtiriittft mnd faataimnrat of mrid-ahen tnkrtinm ward im thrrmrfof fitiMir c rarkmf Tbr burr ar, im tbr tras w* iur (tnMituintar of (hr w*rrr* trat of bncft appfabd*fy to da*r
It k tbr parpmr cf ihk inxlr to
bong up-to-datr tbr Utnl piarikm
tetrad to Irad (brakaj rrasUttrlkm
Wrawr mrrhan* a) trrat^y are ye*
for tbr treat** pari <f
acb tLrtaJtrt H itf n|tirTKrf
ath trad Lord #*)*.}at*et Knral*
0adff rf (hr rrvrraivri rMountrred and Ihrir brb*>to* raib bed are
abo krgraiant A lentil in* KU.
ary itaimntiMy aha
m tbr
kwW(i of WmT rag>V>y-
met* k anugaiing corimhai im tbk at#! gpa*n purifi
More toahinf apom bad era* (tmtim pnrum, erraerrnt em tbr remaina rratwt of bad k Im or* (W. kVa aUuiic arid and akaa art aard ia cmihiMiinn, each react* ant atn br crmwit rrd to act fadn pndnttK. Lead k KifKJy mnual to rorraum br adfuric arid at pnr> tiralK aB trmprraturv* and ctorra tratm*. although mnr%bl one wfuubd br tw dilute or srry era rearrated arift
FrT^arwK out mated im the El* mhirf a ibr fart that tbr ratr of ronWw of bad fa contort rath mMmrk mnd iocnmn npcOy im tbr *t t t b* coarmtrattnn rtner (0 to 3 pncratV Ter runpb, at 2 prt* frnt, tbr tatr it mu^bH laic* that at 3 prtrtt* and mar indie air pa* Butate father*
tm tbk raanretinn. k apfran tbat at hr ad frttrmtntloo* mimb o t * brazing bad aIbr pton itirm ram br attributed akn to a adfatr cf ami*
la tbr rar of bad Dningo. * Maid afsprar that triih all rW bring npuL fenlmmil bad thnuld Ir fee* mmirrxbd im prefermre in rhrmhaJ bad lor im$r*%rd ter> irr k tbr arty br conrrmranom area rath rpti* rniwm cerrr--rn mktanrr nprrtH at 3 prrrmt Sb.
Im tbr fi cf iKtin A1/V\)k bad k ^orti rtm rant to meroainn at tbr b*ff roMfMrBilont and normal
atutr^, */*} at b`fbrr trrwra* Ifiimnt and Irmfraafure* m ra both fa*h*rrt if bad ar do occur im enmiart rath ibu wfutkrw are nnt genet JK tbr rrwk cf merman Ur ratbrt on bank al failure* dm to tngragra drag* and fattalUikn,
mod arcmruaic tbr fact (km mm rfndi of timmctkm am pmruraUHy km* pmrtanf im ibr cmr of bad
Nnr linii^in in bad cam trartmm mar tbr pot firt mn may br fnm dn c J lo comprim am imamatinmr of mdkbd mrtbmdi ad mbat may be nmdnrd tbr c m* RH think fag am abat ramyirkri bnt pnnirr. ArrardangW. aWvr dflcn rat fremn that |mt i iimnli pubLdfd or mbrrr anjry of rrfuowd norm tkm, frarral tiratmot of earb of tbr mrtbndi for kniHaf bad lor fomann' tmit are grim aherb contain irfmmwirai drwiytar of tbe taadrtioai abarb a arrant arbe* taom cf a polcokr mrtbf and prnerdaret for an; Irmrac.ing that aartbnd. Im addsura pnimeti trot inrtbsk arr dru i ibrd
gtratrf HTrinicm afforded im tame tm*% by bigb flprratifg tmprrihm and rirnn, badd bod hninf* km brra prrkrtrd and wf orstb furrrat |>r a ftrat immii k j a TW enrtfanc d pnyrrtrr cf w I and bad af* imd to ahnuec ondrr any of tbr kflmkf (enkra* n rodana lam tbrraf aid tbr tkrlira cf tbe bad layer bug drpudat pra tbr mkunotr oar-
Oprtatiroi of muk mndrf oar*
Rapid Owrtmatinm im trmgmmeoef bh may make brae bad jnrgi annul abb becamr of U<gw
CVraUt raw abt Wot ttandrr k kmfcriant (aUrae# of a* (ap)
kbri Mgk of bht bad U> tng ranmo W oupgaatnf loftrs rad 00 yyyy tal trrak;
Myk toohprrnarm bk a raid pmdo* ratrane tnrp im bar bad
LI A10115 *
mtmmm^fKivi*' jwui pwwifggBei<ipP^^
Ui# lm*d to Control Rofinocy Corrosion ...
lo diuiukew thr thickana od (kt thrfl at arty pomi during vrvicr and
bmagi, t Badrd ind tinings wfl] m manner which b io arcnrdaacr vkb bedorr tiwsl Mil igi > orcur.
tmp or crwl up *o 23X1 (430F.)) genera] |rtrtvf The eitarhmrots
ltd Am
are aho radiographed troh the mures
MrMM or rrpnted flboch iiv incwrurnd.
To iiiiwyliih (ibrkMim of a
piarrd no the imuk center Lor Thr
abort distances mditd rcwti in
maaknum rtpraure linei rd 2 kwtft
and in alt rno the nvfuircmrfit 14
kng umatly invoke the bout cm* aneiina ctau, rnmtlf bee aim they can br formed and joined in tho field trkk a minimum of tyiipomt and
I
booM Hd-M %rnr|, m irbal 2 prtirtH Mutaity b met.
OU bwr ecpediturea. Lowest cents
antUain mi urytoscmerU over pro-
am l-mlm^d when the then Mod b
vintoh pubMhrd nn)nd muUAf
la interpreting Own, trey dark bang from thr top of a tnarf tbrl
0d bor^ny bar AAd catting orihodi harp markings hvbcatr pinholrt. gal but thk k not aivsyi pooiUr dr-
rparurK.' the more rrcmt prar> pocket*. or kdiainw. Uniform fen* signwkr and ocber btamotkota arr
ticn1 tmibuar fAmu-rty impmini era! thading mar ie dor m %rria- md. Three cmagjrhe st/sf^sng and
with thr (ibrvttvg rqwr to the tkoH ia Mad ihkkne** hut if b hr* moral methods cd fastening llotr-
ntfM tk (jbnrttnn no produce gin* or rack in a sharp liar b tear- nn, in pevtire, the opekmaa Might
d^eri4rv Irwyrrcwiy bonded rants imeitgitira Dendritic nr cd a Mme*Mnd*bnrd trtarl witMmt
brad biP ni dr A small inert we Mat herLhr mriagt indicate (far the henrfH <d strapping rarely rs-
b cowsnan inn car.
pretence cd tlag or demo tkek reeds B fert, depending on the weight
ihuld hr it moved Ikwort, the cd Mad In what k cmasdrrid ftd
MdNiba iMo&y ibr pUwa to bo latter marking! arr aha rdestnr tenkaJ mrapping pranirr. straps arr
< brodni are pkkd on ibr hnof
adr. yrnani^ity with | 30 prmM
d aa imperfect blind between Mad and Meet
placed afvsu It in lei apart and grnrraSv on nance than 2f inches and
lolatioft od ndfunt acid, nutibb
Rsditgnpkr k earned out on a wUnpetulv cmrrrd with dert Mod
ftuwd tmr-anunaokua chloride nod ranchvu or ttatruval iinylr book thus prrsmting a cmtkwm Mod
njaonfi riWde air two 6u%n cm* with nupert Id the dr| and Mtdt wrfarr to the rnrrmnr Ormuoo
mK vd1' and heated m a fur- The norite so kt arr aO radio aBe. Urge asrtl cwI wallers and lure AppUaine cd the ~hrM mot" grajdied t<V> prrrrot- Ovet-afl cnU nwsnd-head bobs are us'd to faun
b udr br nH| a bvrnny-Ur mi cd wing thk iiMpenm artMd w sheet Mad to the sestet die!! which
thr treated atrrl and o/trr cnating found to hr V perrenc cd the tfwd
as be wnd ne s s t t L The l
the rr h i this maimer, snahm fabricaiifu rrwt For 1 p mat in* washer in thk case are emend with
trad ia added untd (wire the finwhrd pfliro, 10 percent rd the trued a Mad cap wharh k wetdrd In thr
i thrkam k cbuiord The cbWJr erst h nleutol ta herb cow thr lining Mk used in thw pumer arr
tharkxsrro series to Brut impuntir* added rmt k wnafl in xmt cd re* mub sfwced mrr the Mug an
wkk (hr rum, containing th* mat* dured dnwncknr
IB-inch msm.
trr. bring dwprwd d br rbiffkg dtrf the M-orH asrmhhr h at* Irwid U> <di 7hr irMilunl uu(b cord surface n whnpmtiy aunthrd bv Bator waahtng. aa oprrtlioi whack imn to check for. femme, and rpatf mmoe drfrrts. hmifg fo&wrv wharh results ia a WXf drwf and reduced grain structure.
At thk at age rd fabrication and brfoer the Mad-MexMd sterf M rnfMd
Other m netVd %4kk are nor mouHh a part od the fahvstm e^ierxr include the "arid wadi tntwhkh k generslK need to detect put* hnbng or preruit, akrsHwrt ret>* ing on either mnoawre or puke methods which ore ton fnr hrmd dirrntirwify and Mr brer fresht are cmducted freon the *e-e| tde onK, and another mnhrcd bnuted o prea* ware tewk* The latter kvchtt rm*
in addstino to bedting, fastenang rap m swygvut sheet Mad hoky Over resrtrfly mfdir awt'er^lv stud wekdang skich rlimiiutfs drillmg cd ibr a*r| shrd and pmatuming cd (be Mad sheet, with studs on IB-inch center*, 12-sarb centers onMnaally, but nrser user than 21*inch reniers, and a cronpurathekr lev stud driver wharh rlananatr* drilbnf cd Strop! and she# as wrB
to teuH dumrter gamma ray in* tpevtco * mrd Normal npnurr
iobfW}un w t vttiurd with prtfer
aJJnwiwn for the bad ihvkrww kt
nprwure lew A9 ratlrngtapho are
nude wkh a
(duh-AO trwnr
with haw-gramed high i^erd film,
and awMf to Mm Utanre held at
12 am he* Mr M(iwi>r rm Heel ter ike bad tiro) dwe..l.t #../e.
ndMd and w*l*Wd *gfilin a 2'*-
mk ri'ip * ruM* ih U k lit* weld
b Mad hoed h hand k>MKf 7ho
n't n aho
led 9n rUgi>
pin Attn hew an atf hned, wekMd
to lio *od and |u*4vd id M I
k< thr internal IrtayweaiMf od thr
teurf be steam or oMf meant to
ahrsft yiF, cording at ropsdlr m
prwtfhir and nsmeuieo rd the Mad
warfares |r< hwMM or rmtmg trlkrb
would mdtatr ibid bond
In service, tracing
repairs m
*#1v /nnhe tkual detec lacs rd
<i*Awd ht ifwa a] cd bod
offm/sl aeea. hw*h1ng uy (4 <V damared *w| hB woh weld
bad me* lie irp*i i o i A Ini ho trh<fwa* u w iiDi MW*ws and M dneu
w*r|4> M f>H.j*g the lard wok water
ml iMi king l< batag* \ Miaow
kt mu W* be wrd to ad>an*age
For Wuh H--thmh thr ahaitaffs ran be (nod ia thr IdVwvg de* taib d me.
Al fastenings madg fnuu Inside ad tanka.
fbwksiro d owtud* scofiotd-
riurknotum cd Mdr dHUkf.
p4nM
<4 <--*<--k* *
K#lw(U*s t- linm-irwmmtmg
i w Ij . br itiWm Mud. *1 imlnm
!M
M It* !|art|)
0
Ikmkiin fho bnbing uyoaatkm.
ue
m> l.UMWWJWWi I ilMUWWIffWBWfflllW>PIWPW|PWPWW^l'm'^WW>ipWWi^^
LIA10116
la (hr (Air of thr Mud dririnf arthod, elimination (d rtirmtl pow er yourrr*.
o
5ucmi b) hiun| of a fait nnffr
rf lank*
a kwh rel) and
Actual jub report* which Mi*
rale timr mwp ad m high at 20 to 1
cvrf i>w okW method ed drilb/vg and
brrfttAg Ovrt*dl mrt yriftfi invf
hern about 60 pmrui and largely
thr rr*u)t rrf burn-d labor fo*t*.
AH bi all uhra poperfy mapped
of mhrm tupfarutl, ihm bad
(urd mirh can hr w*rd a rraika
ttarli fthrtf hi(hrr arc rnmuoirrnl la drrp twit, U-
raver erf ihr hifh drmtfy d trad, Inmr Iming* rmnt br urapprd prop,
rrfy UVti trfuin arr neerwary thqr
atr eatdr arrmfddrd and when ihr trarfi uvdu] be baa rtjvrd, ihr
crap why nf Irad comtrtuir* a na
Mjrrddr rtdui tun a thr c o m erf nrw
oaMrurtina OrramaiAy, la add)*
in Mtapputr a lever rrf arid-brick
a placed
the trad btaf na the
hntmm Thr mat* {carpnir erf ihia
U to hold the bad la place and la
prevent ttraiq Ircaa Ofnt or ruptured
roK (fcra rmln( bad The pine
chfliruhv with using thk type erf
bcttnra k that M k rrftea nnnunr
to frar up a Unr^ armmt rrf bvl when a bak rerun tt wdrt to kritr
thr bah New Wvhruqur* la thr oM
erf radm|ra;rfn Ka>r tmj dorVpd, hrmevrf fif*yrTTTi{ hi thi* ffl.
Shrf*i and babv* rrf f.**o Vinrfird
Oil Ompam and l>ltc rrf to Re*
earth and F.ngnerftng Company
fmnd that raii<^ifdtv impyina erf
bad both knrd wwli a drfcutdy
badklr They rliUirrd radmgrajrfii
that were mrrfwl m Warm* thr c m*
rrf failure* h i a bad and bid-bed
mtr( rm^*tinf erf 3 16-inch bad
beaded lo * | tnr b trr! and romfd
wnh a 4! -<rwh casbu brick A 300
nn*curir rnhah -40 uartr na* n*fd
at 36 indn, with a il bwr n|nmrr
erf aa enter ?i-*wh manhnb area
An nlffwrq rrf (ha terhnHfwe to the
aJ<*emrot*ird hwn ((rxinctira
H appan'O'dT fr**>*b At oudinrd later. ia!rff*|4 Wi(aw|wi are
Wtrfwl aa a tar am <rf arr*d-
ng iIn naTwitirw* eur**rer Waa tn
,`w due tu uMnnuft remr^al erf
0 the leva Wrung In tin reabit rrf Impii**!, rfert
bad U~t*Ki-e* mat I* M*led he
eijeflnl *Uh nr prrfvir |rtrtra
lent with flworearrM and dye pma*
iraatt It hat bem found practical aka, to pump tuitahly dyed henmne between the bad lining and (he vev*rl *hrll loUowcd by imfirction erf tin Interior for krrminr (run huB another irchnkfue imdin pumping erf frmo-Udcn air brtwern the thefl and (he Iming with bail cm the h>* tadr erf (he vend being detected by a halide torch*
Cap Condi wrfia A further n* tTDuaci and tncnrwhal trf an bn* pruverornt in *heet lead nnamriMi k the KwaUed cage root*ruction which ha* among hi anribatiK
Kay bak detection.
Permit* repair* from the outride.
Where the vewr) druen calh for estra sup}jort erf the bad burg, internal strapping and corrrfUry prrorg erf the bad for fan ruing k rliauMed and
Lower material aad erection mo and enure hrld cnwncliaa by rUntiutmi erf uweldi vtrel daft*.
ll k ruMnmarih (rod praetke In proridr "weep ho4r*" k the kmc bad bned Weef lank* but uaforlunateh the crrnuhrc do no* *havt fn&w a drtrcialir path k) thr event of failure Ui^pAp canno* be de pend'd tipra to draiA at the neared weep brrfe and therefore they *rr>e onh to ifnixatr lfe rciurrenre rrf a bak aad nr* nrcr*\ar3v it* bvatin* The imp*tame erf bak detectvm and cage t>pr cnmtruciiim therefore go hand in hand.
fikrMcn la pUre rrf thr traul Mrrf or utrxV* thrQ bned with rfrcl bud. a twin or eagediW erurturt corapriard of fieri Rat* and angbv welded Wgrtlcr to form an nje* frame k med foe u|ifmruAg the bad bug htrip* rrf bad are burned from the nitulr mer hnrutot*) Meef Mr ape, thw* M>|prtirg the bad tv temaOy |V}mliA( cm lie bright ef the *twl. the Mrap* art ckwr tnptbl at the hexen than at the top la Ir (fa nrirwarr aufgcwt wbu k)fr*Mlin prri*rr k great, rat VmU r)eiitfa ! bak ebte* im a rd*t tan mlfr* I luring Ikrtrana A If* ( may I* drtartad by the a|*rf* d*b oe-thd |rr>wvnly nutbned for *h*>rt bad rtnHrwlaa
Pf4r4f mf l#of Uakga Aa bnportwtt method erf omingtim for Lrdlirg the mnat arvrre rcmdhlone
k the u*e erf a bad membrane be tween the Orel tew) bed and as acid'brick inner lining. Thk type c4 corM ruction ha* been proved effec tive In a Urge number of hutaliatiom where bad by itdf, or ether material* of chemical tomtnrtkA, are inadequate. Whrs property de tinned and kwtaDrd, they w*0 pre form admirably lander the moot n* mere mditinot
The frrfbwiag nanmarim the conditinu* whbh warrant the rebelbm ef bad-brick coratructino and the eaperirnce acquired mvr ihr yean which ha* contributed to ha ww, recngntikin of its value, aad ultimately to eatentitr, wideyrrad. and con tinued erwpbwmrot Id thr chemical proceaung iadaMriiv
6 ffigh temper aturea; Rrkking permatt temperature* beyond the phraical lunitaUon* ef bad. Leadbrirk (nutiwtim k (irqumtly tswd uhrre ihr temperatum art
an eacrv* ef VO F. and even m
high a* 1000 C.
High preMutvt and vacuum: Cer tain acid mtvrfy amt* are brirk and bad lined and operate under vacuum* a* low a* 0 23 Inch of mercury at about 260 F-
Abrasion and rrmion: fbbkwurh r*"durry the vuutug effect cf %*cu Irrrt artuiin* fmd. for rvasupb, m ft^Nunc arid tmcrtrtrtMn
Thermal IrmUtim: Cttrotially rtumnsm brat km and eacewriu lemperaiurr Buctuation m crflrU evwcvntrred under rapkfly fluctu ating turn temperature cycle*.
SadaMantial root mirg%; Ample prrarf erf the erorvwny of brirk-bad cranhnaifM k thr fact that ceerrvm fewunt anawnry moMructin* (wipuj of a Mskakfe del, bad membrane, proper brirk wnrk and mnrn( can be drforcuied rvf a krg perbd erf yearn, IS year* being not uwmwwtl
Cntiua IkWk and bad perform very fffrclbely me# ibe range id *ul)rf-wU arid, alum, and arid* ah*a mrmtratkom
Ibrr are mw id (b bw funda* uwwtak *h*b arr rrfneoed *a tlu*
4PPCPP
nan
LIA10117 map*
Um Ld to Control Rofinory Cortotion ...
Aril Th* i**yh--t dt5erartial cn
panabm bobi th* bad ia crnnprr--km
thus amarinf ner* thaa adeqaat* RtpfXVt.
. f
With frfard la Mine amimin gr faohka* bad ecamrwctkm and am \^/
damage to the bad tiuflf during th* brkkiaf4a proem*, with actual tern be, th* procedure* aa focommoided by SkJba and Bracken,* are rfcorm mrodrd far exprdibov* htMTof cd WUp a* they occur. When prop" eriy utikard all but th* Decratary teasbfcf op of brickwork b prrvnfa afab. A variation in arid-brick and bad membrane conatmction may fa* era ia the accompanying Figwm 1, Z. and 3L
(Mur Imbpacah. To odd far-
tljrr to the UtcM bl bad cmwtrac-
bon procticva, k k wrfl worth aotinf
th* MKtndul appSration cd th* terb
ai^w* cd coatiftf ***! with trad by
ytawf1 Thn b doaa* by iprayinf
O tmxtuf? el fcnriy drvidrd mrtal&C
ftp* cd (ommKtki b idditba M Ulbd wd trvttd, k b lined with oo* bad nuvd with a teUib w*nm(
tb* dnift <4 thr Ua I abd) b Unk or two rnu/ui ol brkk rbara a/nrd* aernt at ratrcaaly tow premum with
to mppori the tfi|b of U* nutt inf to avml Uton, <U|Tf cl arid a high vtdumr el at*. When apydird,
wvdarr.
rttiiUArt mpumJ, minimum allow. the *nt*4 af*at evaporate* out in
aUr pnrobty and drprf of thrrmal a matter cd mint**, Iravwif dm
1* Bchna ihould b dafwd wh*r pd*M cd dark
metal depobted on th* nirfare. Th*
pn mart i invoked and tbr mUi
prayiof oprratinn b repeated twkt
(
^Ucrd it or afaot* the Utm edge
I. Funhermorr, my* arr lab-a to more Unbf a drpmk of bad ap>
i'd ntit*t with tndium iom ia peonumatrly 14 pound* to SO npian T. Th* bad Imir* k ippM i/trf aod-prrv* error nt*. Thb k don* by feet cd aurfarr or to a thkknriu el
h w mJ cd all bum and ceher pro-
^runm on thr imidr cd thr tank
aUb rruy (iutf rfijurr n (J/ V*A
Qrmiril ftadr 8 to lO-pnund ahrrl
trad b autiDy
Mid b (oMid
la or generally.
bonding nbrttoi paper to th* bad with pntatuum }>eat* solution be(rmr the farx k woik ** inUaiird Aim a tiin-t d idntai b vtilijrd with min h*v crmrnu imuUfh With Mif*iur-h*wd crtwnti an a*br*tre
10 mib om>al Thb technique b now hrinc wwd cvtrmivriy bt variou* inv.bai^K* il/ow(bnw( th* 1/ S to (fftftt merubna el twhbf and pipe, cua tb* OI> and thr ID *d Uok*. od t/rivn, tatolidf plant*, rrdinrrir*,
X. Thr bad dmtd fa* Lipp'd nnt
tfr Ifp c4 ll* mrl to fjrr%#nc
brtmi th* Rnii^ and tb#
Wri lid Irwmr bffi bad adn ibnvd
fa* Upp#d mrr th* b>ti<i dvd
airxft 4 if*hr* l/d wcldrd Ingvthef
imtrd th* MUf npnud rdf* la
trty large vrewb, b^f^ft, a* M
toffa n|*rxb|
k b ad*
tnjWf to tftip ih* bad la th* ovtrr
ihrfl Inarmwrh a* bad wiB umaBy
tmivrm la th* am* f#rt) iKif*
m thr Hid h*fk#^r. k b drwd'W ta
id**. a* tww^b a ttirl iurfac* aa
proaJd* WHS#** abrupt <ha/* bl
ih|* At turn bobd bad
f
tla b required for rraaran already
utWed and urfarrwM*
m*
ptwM a problem,
4* After iha bad War bm to*
04*0*4*0* m a#4 arrdrd.
4* A wiffirirnt thirknm cd brick work h imuPrd lurh that temperaturn M th* nt fiber o4 th* bad wil hr rrdurrd to I2J f. ia th* ear* cd fanmbd bad. and 16} f. ia th* c m of ihrrt bad Th* temperature m Miktif* foe bonded bad b ooh applxaMr where tinning hat hero turd Inc perparat *41 cd the t**t ru/far**. Sk*Wt treatment arromf<bhed fa#end ing w4h#ait tinning at an, and ia th* method repretrd th* tereprutur* m t/kl*4 do** not apply
t. With regard m an>4h*f h*m cm th* thxkorw #d ftl* hawk work, aa att'W^* a aaU la keep a uffi*M th** kn#w Mb that m#A temjrrotu*** a/# rn)Mrd m that wtih in* cirawnf |rn|wtata* tin hiwkwwrk w8 fa* rinog tied M*f thaa th* M**l
Iprat and ranting tnwrr* and *tn*Ctwcal u#H work whkh art whyd U tertmtrm mrwwnwrrd kt th* 8*Id For runpk, bad ipptirl ia dot maan*r hi< b**a In *rvic* la (a4** plan! fcvJmf tower piping a* a prrerttrm Ofsimt Krfhfy enrrmir* ml >fig *iur \*m more than 10 yean wnh fin igfN cd (aoufr ll ha* obo fama n*d fee intenor prterrtkm d piping tat i*4#4idary rvcovffy fyh t*rm I/* DM* than 15 year* with the um* muh*
In the ana* where bad pipe, vabe*. fating* and pump towrnku and bad rrewrn farmb of duke pipe* And wr>ut kt rrfairg pm nut, bad ha* chalked #p an imprwhr record Very bib ran be adibd therefor* with wqecl to three nan bolifg iofaipo iiwltr to thorn dree*feed
LIA10118
c m be mtd ia the ntM/actim of alum (ahimtma sulfite). Alum b chemical Wad supported by vertical
lead Irnrd ad pipe Md ltd c o t - produced in an nod-alum reaction strap* 4 feet apart. Thb ptovtd tn>
end repprr heal iag roik iih good tank from aluminum tribydrate re* sathfactory after only h months
imlti Aidr (ram the use genera! acted arith sulfuric acsdL
operation aad was consequently
Itnir^ rrquimnrtMs mdim trad b
ripped mat. Sorts physical detortioa
out on in sections by mating the
hwrL DrmiacraJbcd water b of the Wad had occurred and suhao>
pepr Another method iovotses in- fint introduced to thr alum reactor qurnt perwtation tf the ahua tola
mine *a rstnsded trad pipe into a whereupon sulfuric acid '66 decree* tmn resulted ia replacement cf tht
witahty prepared Marl pipe eitk the B4) b added until the solution b 30 strrl bottom and sides to a bright tf
trad ptpr bring npM<Vd
the percent and. ftirg the tank to a It inches.
Outer ibrfl by Mrin prmvif. Tens- drpeh f !$ inches. Thr temperature
Settee conreuse neps were obvious
0 prraJwrr* which presort Mnf are rrnihue fmm lie euulwnoir reaction and were dictated by the physical
I
tho obtained. Lead emend fprf pipe ia fabricated similarly by varia
b further incrrnnd hr the addi* tea of aluminum trvhvdratr tjnxri-
limit atimu of Wad aad not ks tprrib mktanrr to thr formal**, a nrw
tion* of thr
method imefv- IWdaWmmat m J40 m JhO f Addi. tank lining was iastafWd and put into
lag a mold.
tional alumina b added to maintain service Its hnetoen and wdr* arts
thb temperature, and the reaction b
hard with 22*pnufsd IcUatmoKhctn
continued for I % lo } hrun while
Information Cat# History. lo thia Case hhtrey, there b rurllrm ma
CootirmaThr afitalrd with steam which keeps the aluminum sulfate
W*| W-d, rd tie d'rhtly comes top. with Impound rhrmteal Wad.
lm*) no tle eifirftrr of nrjrti and shew* its snfadifyinc temperature of The additional strap* combting cl
uUa in impem-ing thr mtrr- 210 F. After thr rean inn b com* half-osal steel cmered by 16*povad
aUI.ty cd trad hy pr^wr design in an arid aium rrartnr wwd in thr prrdvc*
pidrd, the batch b then diluted to make 23 prrrmt aluminum sulfate
trOumtm-chrmical Wad 7 inches wide were bsstaflrd to give support every
Ira of aluminum sulphite (alum) aa which b kept for 4 hours at 110 to 24 inchrs on the side wiQ in contend
swfl as bdmmatinn on the smrirsia 140 F. Farther ddutimt prrducet a with the oripml 44-inch spacing
othrf aei for trad in thia particular 20 perrrnt alum srJutirm which hlb The bottom m secured by paraDrt
area.
strain sheathed snth 14-pouad irib
thr tank tn ",* fall and b h^w'd at
|IU<(K hrmuaJ Wad 14 tn li inches
rones temperatures. The
b
latradnctory Hinny. Approsi- then pumped mat of the tank bvtn a apart and 3 btrhrt wtdf boiled
Htatrfy II tears ago. a total of |?3 Wad-hred wdvtin* prrpsrateei tank through the steel tank ta tuffouting
too* tf Wad was imtalWd tn handW where it b further diluted 10 per- Steel t bratm beneath.
the prflutv<n of fnrtrwrv* alum so* rent The aver age mar nf the re
Repair* tf fhb Wrg seert Ml
Iwtinna in a head ratatr** plant where actor b one hatch per dty fl b aerr*#ry tsntd 14 montlw Uier when
nearly two UB-m beach or 30 torn reachhr wen that the emnlwredrffrett sporadic patching lueamr increaa*
of honied taiaHw per <Le are pm* ri ddTrfmtU) or rye fir heating, con- Wvfly frequent AS repuirv were nuft
dtfeed. Thr catalyst it red in the ftant acctatbui, ami ahr**m and wkh chetrwral Wad mh The waAl
iWrtwfnt raiahi*c cracking pocra wfwh ai tie time had mrtrtly tome
Ohrta fttrwnt vw in thr (aaluctai tf hifh'calanr furfite The heads
arr prtshwrd in Wad tied form*of
temperature lmr| (rettrihute N> what b wa <4 Wad's mttttl tests
fgsifMrat ami Frdormancy The frac? tank b I? feet. 7 kwhs tm
sheared the Iret tmuAt of bulging w taefinf lalwtrn the strafa, and rrqu>rrd the Wab repairs. Crrtfsro was W**t in the lower fhhd *4 vht
tower* from gr| forming mhrteoa the ID aod 7 feet. 1 inches in tirpk, tend wall but abas that, the seal
forwinUgrdmrhura Wheat* and arid* and was hoed itwtmAy with tiputd area was espmrd to bet rorrmtve
mmm my
LI A10119
Uf L*d to Control Rvfwtfy Corroifoa...
M Gninfi or vn Ini U or
Ufr canirwtioa and triUl or wkk-
Iq m Id thr prrstoet of tir, mo t cerraien hod db pUce ilan| lhe crru of the bulged lmin| Ob (he brtianv, crvki and prrforsikwit h*d rauird comkfctAblt (rouble. Lead between (he Mnmin| bod bulged In tone (na m high m $ inches tixyvt the tank botm.
Trouble with the lining wu srwru bxittv the product formed is liquid aluminum sulfact which seeps thmjgb occurring bsir cracks Into
under a brirk bahtg quickly. la contra** to the situation 4 or 5
year* ago, tufTicient bdormatkm baa been refiorted in the literature aa previously described which preclude* the pnwibilily erf removing a rrvico* able Irad-Wwk bung for want of wfTiciemly adequate Ini metboda or technique* for dnmorning the bca* (km of flaw* or Iraki.
Taking advantage of the tocb* nique* made pniblr by the advance
oi brkk. U ibk tm, tb. vend Mould be 611rd wkb the ftuid mm And the outer wrfuor* menhond lo detect inlrmtftcTUina d tifntk wbkb Mould be IndieAlive cl imminral (a9m However, CAtibrillos Aadin would be requkod and oaentire ma im Mf be nwreiry lo tbe c a m oI brkk ben lo mm trace* cl tbe radioactive nemkeint elm h pnmu a froUua
cotwidmof pnwiUr Smio-
J
(hr cavity under a k*5 bulge, Ailing k, and later tolidifyttg when (be re* action erm. Flattening at (be bulges b prevented therefore and (be bulge
of nuclear science, bait detection b bad'acid brkk Imingi might be facib* taud by (he me of low lr\e| radio* active tram-solvent mrthodt which
tiooc, ib, idvantacft cl de alorr-
erainned Uchau^ur. arr Indred provocative. Atide Item tbe eunabOitr oI variout (c m aortbodi, hwtallatxaie
ha* to be rot open, and ib* modified nould depend upon (be amplifying bailarto tbe oneaodcrcocaideratioa
aluminum sulfate removed. Lenka effect (hat a bad mmdwanr would tin vp to Ik yran* arrvke. In ibort,
arete detected by weep bolru; (be kite on a gamma r*diatkm.m!urcd bad Unrd abua ditmon evuilty per-
ptnrtrr of Al,f$Oa), bring noted by signal fmm a fluid source behind tbr (arm vrl from 9 la 11 )rm before
tbr appearance cd stalactites.
Ening This could be acromptnhrd tbr be Irak ocean wnb tbr arcuad
Th diffirtthy at the bottom am* by introducing a soluble radkmetho efira acruniog betweea 10 and IS
due primarily to the appearance of ekrmiu into water which would (ben yean.
bar cracks adjacrot to (be welded be Faunpr-d between the bjd mem*
Ta run) ap tbe wtuatioe ai tbe
irun, on (hr team, on or adjacent brane and %mcf sbcJL Stint dial icp bead caialyvt plant, tbr brad fonaiaf
to addt from earfier repain, or along counter* could be un) to monitor owvn bard wkh *i,HOch rbrtaical
errata (f the bulge*, a utuaFy predfiw (be inudr surfaers erf the send in Irad *upporu-d by a tiacW Mrrl any
bwi occurrence.*
order to driect any intnwkitios M thr top are ad wu/Irclrd by cor.
An attempt was made to correct that wnwld be indwathe of a Irak. focino Iran thr dilute acid aad ahv
the situation by ung a brick Imittf After or brfuer effecting repair* at aunuoi tuifatr tohriion, S prreeat Jk to provide uniform supprwl of the (hn maimer, dftergrnt clranwng or HrV), S prrrrte AI,lSO,|k 90 per- Ay
hning and abo to inauUt* again* the chrlation could be employed to re* real dmuorralurd water at room m
ntiiw of temperature and ftuctua* movr \euigr* erf the tram u*ed
lenaprraluie, alur IS yvan tervke.
tinm tbetrrf Ifmrmer, (hr manrt*
Further ww erf such ttetaiqurt
Led Ikied aui(r tanit coetala-
ing (nmpnuidi lord did act with may be bad with rmpret so brcdrrf b>t acid-ahaa tolutim diluted 10 10
stand attack by the tolutint and
prirrai ttrrncth, awl wdutkeM fur*
ewrriu*n> I hr brkkt k u-ivd and proceeded to twirl around earning damage to the lead Iming (oe nn brane) and to the agitating npupirM m web.
r--f
Abtul
(brr dtbid for mtroductlna to the bed letney lenerra, aee Mill fTTinf fond trrvkr In date after IS yvan.
A tarfr proportion d thr prpinf
ia Ihie mttalUima it trad wbkh bat
The reactor vu taler echoed wkh a bock-irad fnrmbrane bung wkng a tunable cement. This trial bwfalla* firm after a few initial leakage* re*
th* Ai/tkoe
brra rcirndrd bryond tbe drtifa
arm bvrb without eventful failafv
and b rtiB ia food tbape attmtinf ta the duralebty cl Irad ia thee appbra-
mamrd In trrvire practically (roublefree for bve yea/v ta fact, failure* after bve yeart tf this (ypr of terrier uert ei pec ted Tkf only real cbffV Cuhy presented at the lane was aot due to the rr(*airt necetutaled but raihee to (he <hffKwhy mrountered In biding (hr le#kt The weep hnir* were to no avail and the brkk baing presented the ruct burn of the Vaka Altrnqnt made In repabkqi the kning reauhed m a (real waetage at maa bun and nirnitf, unnecrw tary tearing up #rf ddTrrrM part* erf (be bng la bet, lr*t meibuk at the time were irwwfTuWot to nye wttb the problem rrf katmf Irak
a n __
lrf*uf 1 M Jebf b tM(*wJ
d*e*w* W U*4
Aa>*w
Ni YwS. wWt* |a
aa4 imh U*h m<bU* wfcMd
M *0
l W*4
Mf* u *****, w 4
**<*<
ta* tolarr***-* m aw N w-9 W
w*W w
wi w*Wf(
wfl \* *4 w*n W <a
! W* *i p+miitmrn
karf M#
b**v>|vt ** k*r
WVik a*.^K W W *nrr * r
*M. a*wt
m(
UtUi|v | fr*4-+M g
N \y*\ I w imi-h L< U H-
<#r*U l|t k|H M
Ik i*M*b *k
W \im*
Wu b*k
Anu (ww>Hb*
tioa Lead p|r, vahm and fuiinft ia pump connrrtkm and Irad rrtura brndt of tburr pipee under feenanf towrn are al tbowiof eacellral
imainai cm*
* &e*nM t et* flam d feMe^U g
Sm t ( ted ' ' bAnv-h U*1 M
ArW'Uoee be. at p Wp r.m--
--a* tW. >M. V* kwmtei, r\\t *k- ft iM tb4^ bm I,,, --m
l^M I***- fb^ >*.***# gm
K- r M..P* -4 %--m*e tfw.
* S-d S H % * f> > mow >
(W
ll ^" *"**r`^* Uetl.^a. g
* ***
MWt < ^md <W I tvM fc e .mtme fk 1W ' la* S J W I be St La% ed ( .et.ne
. M*| * I **4 1 (-^e Aw,*m C Sotl.Tlii i new Bli awa'Jc"*
