Document Eq82MdZ7RNEy2NVeoq270r7MV

Shielding the TMessenge Sheet lead walls for a clincal x-ray room and enameled metal wall panels are making their contributions to the humanitarian work of the clinic ship, Mensajero de la Salud (Messenger of Health). The 55 ft. long ship, operated by the Institute Against Tuberculosis in Mexico, travels the rivers and streams of Tabasco Province in a fight against tuberculosis among the impov erished Indian population. X-ray examination is essential in the treatment of t.b. and the x-ray room aboard the ship is shielded with Yg in. lead sheet bonded between enameled panel facings. This barrier protects personnel and prevents the radiation from fogging film in the adjacent darkroom. Sheet lead offers the most effective and economical protection available for an installation where deck space and weight are at a pre mium. Cabin walls are made from colorful porcelain enameled panels faced on both sides. Tropical dampness and in sects ruled out the use of wood, and the porcelain enameled surface pre- vents corrosion, can be easilv hygienically clean and offers aa portant advantage in providing b; cheerful surroundings to reaj skeptical patients. Indians were afraid This last is very important, ship's first trip was a failure; th< dians were afraid of the doctors nurses who were sticking them `sharp nails." After explanatory tion pictures were shown on the trip, the ship and its work have welcome. fo< V *1 GAILEY LABORATORY DARK ROOM Deck plan of the Messenger aI Health. The lead shielding around the x-ray room is shown by the heavy line. In addition to the hospital facilities in dicated here there are staff and crew cabins. The high premium on space dictated the use of compact, dense lead sheets for x-ray shieldina. LI A26277 --2-- m ii x i a W/t t r II (AMUD; f f m if Health' iw sponsoring Institute, a non[ project, largely financed by the toft stamp much like our familiar aas seal, is concerned primarily (lb the Indians because of the high of t.b. and because Euro- i who originally gave the Indians (disease have done little to fight it. He lead x-ray shielding and the i used throughout the superstruc^r* of the Messenger were supplied the Mexican associate of Mirawal npany. Port Carbon. Pa., La Canira. of Mexico Citv. tow J Treatment of materials to improve or more of their natural proper- es is common practice. In the textile ^eld treatment of cotton with plum bous lead chromate to increase its veathering stability is well known and commercially practiced. Tobacco ?shade cloth treated in this way is a |good example. Cotton treated with dead chromate has an orange color vhich may be objectionable in some applications. A few years ago the Agricultural Research Service of the United States department of Agriculture sponsored 5 systematic study of the treatment of ptton with various inorganic oxides jd salts. The work was conducted at Texas Woman's University and at outset involved a literature survev J-some 700 references. systematic screening of oxides salts of metallic elements was $n undertaken. Compounds were Reeled from various groups of the ^riodic Table. Seventy-four of these T'^y^'^mpounds, selected on the basis of //weir apparent insolubility, were '^-applied to cotton which was then sub.-"jeded to a battery of tests for evalua- ;tion. These resulted in selection of nine l^x^g'of the compounds for further study. $&ygxA second series of tests was conducted on these nine compounds and on lead chromate, already known to perform well in improving weatherability. gX^^Among these nine outstanding com^K^^^pounds was plumbous lead hydroxide. None of the compounds was found jo ije a panacea but all contributed to improvement of certain properties. JJjrhe lead hydroxide resulted in white ^l^eated cotton as compared with the grange of lead chromate. Both showed h.d retention of the added material totsike cloth after leaching and laun dering and after three months of out door weathering. The lead chromate aided the stability to outdoor weather ing and to actinic degradation materi ally, but the lead hydroxide did not. Both were effective in retaining wet breaking strength after exposure to atmosphere contaminants and impro\ ing stability to heat degradation. Botn reduced flammability but the lead hy droxide was outstanding among all the materials tested in this respect. Both lead chromate and hydroxide im proved thermal stability and the hy droxide excelled in water repellency. Good water repellent The Agricultural Research Service report covering these tests concluded that all nine compounds in the second and more severe set of tests showed attributes that warranted for the in vestigation under practical conditions. Of lead hydroxide finished cotton, it said, "Lead hydroxide finished cotton was a white fabric which differed from the other whites in having no resis tance to weathering, although it was found to have very good resistance to atmospheric contaminants. This fabric had the added virtue of possessing the best resistance to burning of any of the nine experimental compounds, to gether writh good to very good water repellency." There are literally hundreds of lead compounds available commercially or in experimental quantities with a great variety of interesting properties. Thev range from organo-metallic anti-knock compounds, through paint pigments and dryers, and ceramic fluxes, to lead hydroxide, one possible application of which has just been described. Among these interesting chemicals mav be an answer to your problems. Ll Battery-powered pool cover keeps out children ond prevents Occi dents when pool is unattended. BATTER POWERED ?oov HS * These are words that strike fear into the hearts of all parents who may own or live in the neighborhood of an un protected swimming pool. Fortunately, a new invention is being marketed that -- with the help of a lead-acid battery -- is capable of completely sealing a swimming pool in a matter of one or two minutes. ith swimming pools being built at a rate of 60,000 per year, concern for safety around unattended pools is rapidly assuming importance. And safety was a prime consideration in the concept and design of the Pool-Deck. a sturdv all-metal cover which folds like an accordion beyond the edge of LIFEGUARD the pool while you're swimming -- yet keeps children out and prevents acci dents when unfolded and automatically locked in place. Operating on 6 or 12-volt lead-acid battery power, or house current, this permanent aluminum cover cannot be moved without the owner's removable push-button switch cord. The 12-volt battery system is recommended, and, says Pool-Deck's Sales Manager. Ed ward Clark, "We have been using leadacid batteries with great success. Life factors are very good, and we have en joyed complete satisfaction with their use." Noting that fences often serve only to heighten the challenge rather than to protect a child intent upon "taking a dip." Clark points out that the pool cover offers the additional bonus of much lower chemical and cleaning costs. Also, in some areas of the coun try, installation of a Pool-Deck cover allows year-round use. and where pools must be heated, reduces heating costs to a minimum. A wide choice of colors that har- j moniie with pool and patio surround ings is available. The Pool-Deck is so i designed that it does not interfere with j a standard height diving board, and ! there is no limit to the distance it can ! be run bevond the edge of the pool -- ; with no tracks, chains or cables to dis- i figure the pool area. Manufactured in Bakersfield, California, the Pool-Deck has been approved by the Department of Building and Safety of Los Angeles. California. Drive mechanism and panels clear standard diving board 4O' -0" typical Pool deck in extended position covering pool Elevation Pool deck in retracted position^ jo. y suit I/ // Back-up wall (optional)' used for decorative purposes only Li Ij EAD ANODES have proven them- (elves for impressed current cathodic protection systems in soil burial, salt water, and in industrial waste systems. Corrosion engineers, however, are necessarilv a conservative group and until now have not sanctioned the use of lead anodes in brackish waters. The science of corrosion control is so full of inconsistencies and paradoxes that it is wise not to predict behavior under untested conditions. Now, however, it can be said that the anodes are effective in corrosion protection under these conditions, too. A year-long test in the Hudson River (North River Pier) showed that lead anodes are less expensive to use than other types. For the year test period a continuous current of 40 amperes was forced through the lead anode -- a rod of lead-silver alloy nine feet long and an inch in diameter -- to "concentrate" corrosion of the pier and dock facilities on it. At the end of the year the rod was found to be about 1/16 inch smaller in diameter. Most of the "missing" metal had adhered to the anode in the form of a dense lead peroxide coating. The weight loss amounted to onlv 0.088 pounds per ampere year. In the test period a total of 87,500 kilowatt hours of power had been forced through the system. At 2(1 per kilowatt hour, the electric bill was 81,750. In addition, about $37 worth of anode material was "lost" -- a total cost of $1,787. This is less expense than the cost of competitive systems, Still another advantage of the lead anode is its ruggedness. It will withstand considerable physical abuse -- an important consideration when minor accidents might break a different anode with the possibility of a long period before the loss of protection was noticed. Truck lifts and hauls 20 tons., Nothing unusual in this picture of a batterypowered truck hauling sheet metal. Nothing until you notice its size (the driver is a mus cular 5 11"). Powered by a 600 amp-hr leadacid battery, the truck can lift and move 20 tons at a time. It is called model LL by man ufacturer Elwell-Parker Electric Company of Cleveland. Elpar will announce a similar 50 ton model soon. --5-- General Dynamics/Convair 880 jet airliner: big, beautiful, fast... and quiet, thanks in part to leaded neoprene sound barriers. LEAD-NEOPRENE CURTAIN LOCKS OUT JET NOISE When General Dynamics /Convair engineers designed the famous 880 jet airliner, they took pains to build in a quiet, vibration-free ride. In-flight stability was achieved in the aerody namic design. Extra heavv aluminum skin was specified. Acoustic padding with fiber glass and damping tapes has been strategically located inside the airframe. But one serious sound leak could not be bandied by these routine precautions -- the design and location of the convenience pods (familiar to travellers as the overhead compart ment where lights, air vents and oxvgen masks are located ) threatened to cause a troublesome path for engine noise. To block this path and lock out the noise, the 880's designers emploved a limp sheet of leaded neoprene backed with fabric. Placed inside the pods, the barrier curtain forms a natural con tinuation of the inner sound barrier walls of the aircraft. Leaded neoprene was chosen be cause it meets the requirements for a limp, flexible, non-porous barrier with sufficient sound stopping pow'er in a minimum weight per square foot. Flex ibility is highly important in this ap plication because of the irregular shape of the pod. In addition to this, the barrier must give a snug fit to ventilation ducts and wire bundles in each compartment. The material chosen for this appli cation is a n\lon with tightly adherent neoprene svnthetic rubber loaded with 75 per cent of finelv divided lead. It weigh 0.35 pounds per square foot. It was engineered to Convair specs by Chemical Rubber Products of Beacon, New York. Such a barrier is capable of a 13 decibel reduction of trans mitted noise. This is the nine-frequencv average (125-4000 cps); its effect on high-frequency jet engine noise is con siderably greater. How well has the soundproofing worked? Among the manv records for speed which the 880 has achieved stands another sort of "record": the 880 is generally acknowledged to be the quietest of the big airliners in service. Travel editor Lucia Lewis of the Chicago Daily eu s said, "Though all jets are quiet and vibration free, the Convair seems to me the most quiet one I have flown yet." .-JM.I----------- - .i COLD LOGIC The printed circuit being lowered into the bath of liquid helium (at 452 below zero Fahrenheit) is o logic unit of a new brain being developed at General Electric. The basic circuit elements -- called cryotrons -- are superconductive switches made of extremely thin layers of lead deposited on glass. Since these switches operate literally as fast as lightning, the new brain can perform unusually complex operations that should allow it to "think" more like the human brain than any computer now in existence. LIA26281 Uortedin 1907, the WashingF* Cathedral is a magnificent -ample of 14th Century EngGothic Style. Its lead roof jin perfect keeping with this odition. Notice that though geodes have elapsed be aten laying the oldest and lowest sections of roofing Iji^ce is no undesirable differ- l^nce in appearance. "3 jit * WASHINGTON CATHEDRAL -- Unique test of lead roofing building work of all kinds there Fr.nv points in the exterior sur- i which are prone to inroads of the unless protected. Inadequate ort-lived materials at these points not onlv allow the structure to damp, they can lead to damage j building materials which would By be enclosed in the finished uction. Many of these points are [ in the roof sections. At * roofing material lead has been |rditional choice for upward of a dMMund years. However, the require|M)U of modern construction, the *%on of temperate climates with their 'fudden changes from hot to icv cold. mi most important, the presence of .fUfTOUve elements in today's industrial phere, make demands on build- [materials which were unknown to of ancient temples or medie- I Cathedrals. |tjheWashington Cathedral in W ash- D.C. offers an ideal test of r| ability to withstand weathering evidence of any change. It under construction intermit' tince 1907. Lead was originally I for roofing on this fine examf English Gothic architecture and Fa new alloy of antimonial lead is installed as new work pro- In this case the span of almost fortyyears experience on the same building finds lead on top. In turn this lead roof has justified the architect's confidence by providing maintenance free pro tection since the first sheet of three pound hard lead was installed. Photo graphs show an aerial view of the entire church and a detail view of the roof being installed using battens 24' o.c. and sheets approximately four feet long held in place by copper cleat; folded into lateral seams. Philip Frohman is the architect. Geo. A. Fuller the General Contractor and the Mathy Co. the roofer, all of W ashington, D.C. The laying of sheets of 3 lb. hard lead continues. Note the vertical bat tens and horiiontal flat loose lock seams. Another view of the cathedral. H*?7 .1 A26282 Aztec Leadwork? Though it may look like an Aztec art object, the two-foot section of formed lead sheet shown here was trimmed from an X-ray room ventilator. Normally, stock size ventilators are used but on a special job, Bar-Ray Products Company of Brooklyn had to cut down the size of their regular unit. This eye-catching piece of scrap re sulted. Note how air can flow through the ventilator while X-rays, traveling in straight-line paths, cannot. -- V l-- 4 --e--T i i I A 1 LIBRARY OF TECHNICAL INFORMATION 1 JJjJiJimUJX' UJJIUlilJ vuijjJ The following publicotions ore available free of charge unless otherwise noted. Send request to the LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION, 292 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK 17, N. Y. NEW LISTINGS Discovering the Beauty of Lead Six page color reprint from House Beautiful tells how to make decorative lead objects for the home. New Ceramic Data New analytic data for lead-oxide, iron-oxide ferrites. Four pages. GENERAL Lead in modern industry (request on company letterhead, please) 230 pages, hardboard. Describes all phases of the production and uses of lead, its alloys and compounds. New uses for lead Design engineering data BATTERIES Electric delivery trucks Truck costs in a jiffy The choice of battery systems CONSTRUCTION Building construction bulletins 1. Specifications - lead waste connections, plumbing 2. Specifications--lead shower and safe pans 3. Specifications-chemical laboratory drain age systems Lead work for modern plumbing $2.00 postpaid. $1.50 per copy in orders of 10 or more. Materials of construction reviews Lead and its alloys in design and construc tion for research and engineering use. Seamless feme for roofing Lead to control sound and vibration Sheet lead for roofing and flashing Lead plumbing ENGINEERING Transducers for ultrasonics Thermoelectric materials today Corrosion data -- lead & alloys Methods of lead lining tanks lead-asbestos anti-vibration pads Cutting press vibrations Oilless bearings -- helicopters 1000F bearings Nuclear materials Amazing new spark pump All about lead welding FINISHES Decorative finishes for lead Red lead based paint systems UPON REQUEST, THE LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION WILL BE GLAD TO MAIL "LEAD" REGULARLY, FREE OF CHARGE, TO THOSE INTERESTED, AND WILL COOPERATE WITHOUT OBLIGATION IN THE SOLUTION OF YOUR LEAD PROBLEMS. LI 426?83 J L-' letterpress from lead type. PRINTED IN U.S..V Pl'EL'SHF.RS PRINTING -- ROGERS KELLOGG CORF- LONG ISLAND CITY ], N. V.