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208 CHAPTER 12 *1948 Guttle Fig. 6. Relation Between Radiation and Convection Loss from the Human Body and Dry-Bulb Temperature for Still Air3 10 Loc. Cit. See footnote a. Fig. 5. Fig. 7. Evaporative Heat and Moisture Loss from the.Human Body in Relation to Dry-Bulb Temperature for Still Air Conditions310 Loc. Cit. -See footnote a, Fig.-5.' > Physiological Principles 209. Table 4. Metabolic Rates of Men at Different Activities3 - Activity ' Avc Total Metabolic Ratb Btu per Hour . 255 300 380 430 760 1400 3000-4800 Data were compiled from actual tests at the A.S.H.V.E. Research Laboratory and from published reports of other investigators. equivalent conditions not only indicates the sensation of warmth, but also to a considerable degree determines the physiological effects on the body induced by heat or cold. For this reason, it is called the effective temperature scale or index, and it denotes sensory heat level. Effective temperature is an empirically determined index of the degree of warmth perceived on exposure to different-combinationsof temperature, humidity, and air movement. It was determined by trained subjects who compared the relative warmth of various air conditions in two adjoiningconditioned rooms by passing back and forth from one room to the other. The numerical value of the index for any given air conditions is fixed by the temperature of slowly moving (i5 to 25 fpm air movement) ` saturated air which induces a like sensation of warmth or cold. Thus, any air condition has an effective temperature of 60 deg, when it induces a sensation of warmth like that experienced in slowly moving air at 60 deg Table 5. Comparison op Comfort Ranges With Zone of Thermal Neutrality Ihtestkutobs Effective Temperature Operative Temp Optimum Line Ramos Range - Comfort Zone ' Rtumta Houghten and Yaglou- 66 Yaglou a'nd'Drinlcer----Yaglou------------------------Keeton et aL- . -------- 71 72.5 75 63-71 66-75 66-82 74-76 Winter non-basal; at rest, nor mally clothed. Men and women. Summer non-basal; at rest and normally clothed. Men. Entire year; non-basal; at rest and stripped to . waist,; Men. .........-- Entire year; basal, nude". Steady state (9 hr exposure). Men and women. Zone of Thermal Neutrality ': DuBois and Hardy.-....:. 75 73.2-76.9 71.8 64.8-76.0 Basal; nude; men. Basal; clothed; men. Winslow, Herrington and Gagge.------ --------- 84.0-87.8 Non-basal; at rest; nude; men. ------------- - ;........1----- .74 -84 Non-basal; at rest; clothed; men.