Document EdxY2v7VymKmKLXVmjgoEwr4L

Heating Ventilating Air Conditioning Guide 1958 Degree-day, 3 for cities, 471, 480 formula for, method, 470 industrial, 480, 481 operating unit, 479 unit fuel consumption, 475 Degree of saturation, 8, 25, 31 Dehumldlficatlon, 3, 746, 871 .955 - air conditioning units, 663 air washers, 871 coil selection, 893, 903 comparison of methods, 955 control, 969 definitions and methods, 955 equipment, 871, 955, 958 performance, 958 estimating loads, 962 liquid methods, 960, 961 moisture load, 962 ships, 1194 solid methods, 957, 958 vapor transfer, 963 Dehumidifying agents, 955 absorbents, 955 adsorbents, 955 Dehydration, 3. Density of air. 1 Design conditions summer, 288, 291 winter, 263-270 Dew point apparatus temperature, 288, 333 flue gas, 378, 1084 temperature, 9, 26 Dichlorodifluoromethane, 911- 913, 948, 949 Dielectric heating, 1047, 1060 Diffusivity, thermal, 3 Direct expansion coils, 896 fired unit heater, 645 indirect heating unit, 3 radiator, 7 return system, 3, 565 Disc fan, 825 Distribution of air (see Air Dis tribution), 483,759, 1182,1190 District heating, 725 condensate return, 735 metera, 740 pipe insulation, 735 piping, 733, 737 oonduits for, 730 inside, 735 sizes, 729 tunnels, 733 steam requirement, 725 zoning, 737 Diverging vanes, 774 Domestic oil burners, 391 Door, doors coefficients of transmission 213 leakage, 241, 243 natural ventilation, 252 Down-feed one-pipe riser, 3, 6, 515 steam heating, 4, 519 system, 3, 513 Draft, drafts, 3, 441 available, 444, 449 calculations, 441 chimney, 441 control, 354 factors, 442 forced, 441 general equation, 441 head,3 industrial chimneys, 443 natural, 245, 441 regulation, 353 regulator, 393 residential chimneys, 448 requirements, 353, 442, 456 appliances, 456 theoretical, 441 Drawing symbols, 17 Drip, drips, 3, 520, 550 Drum dryer, 1172 Dry air, 1 composition, 25, 370 filters, 847 properties of, 30 velocity, head, 802 Dry-bulb temperature, 9 Dry cooling coils, 893, 905 Dry return, 8, 513 Dryer, dryers, 1171 cabinet, 1173 calculations. 1170 compartment, 1173 cylinder, 1173 drum, 1172 rotary, 1173 Spray, 1174 tunnel, 1173 Drying, 4, 1153, 1159 agricultural, 1175 application of hygrometry. 1168 calculations, 1170 chart, 1162, 1163, 1165 conduction, 1172 constant rate period, 1159,1161 convection, 1173 critical moisture, 1160 effect of air velocity, 1163 equations, 1164 equilibrium moisture. 1167 equipment, 1171 example, 1176 external conditions, 1161 factors influencing, 1160 falling rate period, 1166 internal conditions, 1161 mechanism of, 1160 methods, 1171 conduction, 1172 convection, 1173 radiant, 1172 periods, 1161 problem, 1176 radiant, 1172 systems, 1159 terminology, 1159 tobacco, 1175 Duct, ducts, 486, 789 air velocities in, 484, 806, 1122, 1132 approaches to outlets, 781 area change, 804 attenuation, 1027 circular equivalents, 797 construction details, 815,1133 design, 486, 805, 814, 1131 design methods, 807 equal friction, 807 static regain, 810 velocity reduction, 807 dual duct, 752, 753 dynamic losses, 796 elbow friction losses. 797 exhaust design, 1131 friction losses, 791 heat loss coefficients, 819, 820 lining, 1028 measurement of velocities, 1250 perimeter, 487 pressure changes, 789 pressure loss, 789, 791 recirculating, 475, 479, 734 rectangular equivalents of round, 447, 797 resistance, 791 roughness correction, 796 sizing, 791, 806 sound absorbers, 1028-1033 symbols for drawing,. 17 system design, 483, 789, 805, 1133 velocities, 814 warm air perimeter, 487 weight, 817, 818 XIV Duct sizing, 789, 805, 1133 equal friction method, 807 general rules, 1133 static regain method, 810 velocity method, 607 Dust, 4, 113, 151 oombustible, 163 concentrations, 161,16? control, 134 counter, 153 determination, 151 filters, 845, 855, 859 industrial, 152 particle size chart, 153 precipitators, 847, 861 removal, 843 size, 153 , ^ Dust collectors. 843, 855 application, 843, 852, 856 centrifugal, 858, 859 cyclone, 859 cloth, 859 degree of dust removal, 855 electrostatic, 861 fabric, 859, 861 factors affecting selection, 856 inertial separators, 858 settling chambers, 859 scrubbers, 858, 860 testing methods, 849 types, 857 wet, 858 centrifugal, 860 packed tower,-860 spray towers, 860 . washers, 860 wet filters, 860 Dynamic head, 5, 796 losses, 796 E EDR (Equivalent Direct radia tion), 7, 525, 530, 532 defined, 7, 418, 597 Effective temperature, 9,122 ch&rt, 122. 126 index,122 Efficiency boiler, 422 conversion burner furnace 434 seasonal, 466 Ejector nozzles, 777 Elbow attenuation, 1028 copper equivalents, 564 friction losses, 564, 801-803 iron equivalents, 564, 591, 1204 sheet metal, equivalent, 800 Electric, electrical baseboard, 1050, 1051 convector, 1049. 1051 demand control, 1061 dielectric heating, 1060 heat applications, 1048 heating, 1047 calculating capacities, 1056 central, 1054-1056 - control, 1061 domestic water, 1058 equipment, 1049 heat pump, 1055 induction, 1060 operating costs, 1062 power considerations, 1061 resistors, 8, 1047 systems, 1050 units, 1048, 1049 hot water heating, 1054 induction heating, 1060 installation methods, 1049 motor design limits, 994 panel heating, 608,1052-1054 precipitators, 847, 861 radiant convector, 1051 radiant heating, 608, 1051 resistors, 1047, 1052 steam radiator, 1052 Index to Technical Data Section Electric, electrical (continued) systems, 993, 1049 voltage ratings, 994 Electricity, static, 139, 1152 Emissivity, 95 Enclosed radiator, 603 Energy, Conservation Law, 23 Enthalpy. 4, 24, 30, 31, 51 free, 4 specific, 4, 30 Entropy,^, 30, 51 mixing, 51 specific, 4 Equivalent evaporation, 4 Estimating fuel consumption, 465 Eupstheoscope, 1256 Evaporative condensers, 942, 943 cooled, unit conditioners, 659 cooling, 754 Evaporators, 944 Excess air, 352, 368, 372, 395,407 Exhaust opening, 784, 1118,1132 measurement of velocities, 1132, 1250 Exhaust systems, 1117 air flow equipment, 1135 ftrial velocity formula, 1118 capture velocities, 1118 construction, 1133 conveying velocity, 1122-1125, 1132 corrosion, 1136, 1137 duct construction, 1133 duct design, 1131, 1133 duct resistance, 1133 duct system design, 1131 duct velocity, 1122-1125 ducts for, 1131 air velocities in, 1122-1125 construction, 1133 design, 1133 resistance, 1131, 1133 dust filters, 1138 elements, 1117 equipment, 1117, 1135 exhaust requirements, 1131 general requirements, 1117 hoods, 1117 air flow, 1119 air velocity, 1118 axial velocity formula for, 1118 canopy, 1122-1125 ; capture velocities, 1118 chemical laboratories, 1123 design principles, 1117 hot processes, 1121 induced air flow, 1129 kitchen, 1123 special exhaust require ments, 1120 spray booths, 1125 suction, 1138 velocity contours, 1119 ventilation rates, 1122-1128 make-up air, 1138 maintenance, 1138 materials, 1133, 1136, 1137, 1139 performance, 1138 pressure loss, 1133 specifications, 1133 suctioQ requirements, 1138 types of fans, 1135 velocity contours, 1119 velocity requirements. 11221132 ventilation rates, 1122-1128 Expansion factor, gases, 81, 82 of pipe, 552, 696 tank installation, 576 tank piping, 576 t*nk size, 578 tanks, 576 valves, 945 Explosion hazard, 138 Extended plenum systems, 493497 F Fan, fans, 825 applications, 839 arrangement of drives, 834 attic, 841 location, 841 axial flow, 825 central system, 2, 839 centrifugal, 825, 829 characteristic curves, 830-833 control, 835 designations, 826 drive position, 836 efficiency, 829 exhaust, 840 ^furnace system, 4, 483 hot gas, 841 installation, 839 kitchen, 841 laws, 827 'marine, 840 mine, 840 motive power, 836 noise generated, 1022 oil burner, 392 performance, 825,829,830,1022 propeller, 825 radial flow, 825, 829 rotation, 827 selection of, 837 air conditioning systems, 837 industrial exhaust systems, 1135 special application, 841 speed, 838 system characteristics, 833 types, 825 unitary systems, 840 velocity, operating, 838 volume control, 836 Fanning formula, 69, 589 Fever therapy, 142 equipment for production of, 143 Film conductance, 92, 169, 172, 176 Filter, filters, 843 air conditioning units, 663 atmosphere, 843 charged media, 849 dry air, 847, 858, 1186 dust, 847 furnace, 430 installation, 853 ionizing, 847 . maintenance, 852 moving curtain, 846 performance, 849 selection, 852, 856 testing, 849 vapor adsorption, 862 viscous impingement type, 845 Fitting, fittings allowance pipe, 529, 564, 1204 sheet metal, 502, 503, &X) Flash leg, 551 Flexible mountings, 1141 Float trap, 546 Floor coding unit, 662 heat transfer coefficients, 193, 194, 195, 205 panel design, 625-629 unit heater, 647 Floor slab heat loss, 210, 276 Flow coefficient, orifices, 77 compressible fluids, 73 critical, 76 fluids, 67, 73 through nozzle or orifice, 75 measurement head meters, 78, 82 XV Flow (continued) liquids, 78 onfices, 78 Pitot tube, 84, 1246 variable area meters, 85 Flow meters, 78, 740, 1191, 1192 Flue gas analysis, 372 Flue gas dew-point, 378 Flue gas loss, 375 Fluids, flow, 67, 73 theory, 67 Fluid meters, 78, 1203 Fog, 4, 152, 155 Force, 4 Forced air heating system, 483 ceiling panel systems, 505 design, 487 large systems, 501 perimeter systems, 487-500 summer operation, 511 circulation pipe sizes, 559 convection, 91--93 Fourier's Equation, 221 Free convection, 92, 93 enthalpy, 4 Freezing in pipes, 720 Frick's Law, 220 Friction loss air ducts, 510, 792 circular pipes, 69 effect of area change, 804 elbows, 502, 503, 529, 564, 800, 1204 gas piping, 409 nigh temperature, 589, 590 non-orcular pipes, 72 refrigerant piping, 948, 949 water heating, 560,562,563,589 water piping, 560, 562-564, 589, 1200-1202 Fuel, fuels. 345 analysis, 345, 358, 364 burning equipment, 383 burning rates, 411 calorific value, 370 classification, 346, 348, 354, 363 consumption, 465 calculated heat-loss method, 467 degree-day method, 469 load factor, 481 maximum demands, 481 seasonal efficiency, 466 unit, 475-479 firing methods, 349-351 gas, 362 neat of combustion, 369 beating value, 370 liquid, 354 solid, 345 unit consumption, 476, 477 utilization, 430 Fuel oil. 354 analysis, 358 blended, 358 calorific value, 357 carbon residue, 356 catalytically cracked, 355 classification of, 354, 355 combustion of, 359, 366 estimating consumption, 412, 475, 477 flashpoint, 356 grade of, 355 maximum carbon dioxide values, 373 piping, 402 preheating, 399 residual, 357 storage, 402 .. straight-run, 355 theoretical air requirements, 371 thermally cracked, 355 viscosity, 356 weight per gallon, 357 Fumes, 4, 151