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Monsanto Chemicals
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;u _ABOCLORS
AS_JJSED TO EXTEND OR SUBSTITUTE CARNAUBA VAX
Monsanto Technical Bulletin Ho. P-132
Monsanto Chemical Company St. Louis 4, Mo. . Sept. 1, 1948
Selected blends of AROCLORS*, chlorinated biphenyl and chlorinated polyphenyls, are attractive extenders or substitutes for carnauba wax In the manufacture of polishes.
This bulletin gives several practical formulas using Aroclors In wax blends possessing the qualities of carnauba wax for automobile, wood, leather and linoleum polishes.
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Registered In U.S. Patent Office
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I.' :INTRODUCTION:-; ^:-
The AROCLORS, chlorinated biphenyl and chlorinated polyphenyls, when
properly blended possess the unusual qualities required to satisfac
torily extend or substitute carnauba wax. Moreover, the extension -
of carnauba wax with blended Aroclors constitutes not only a saving
of this unique and versatile wax, which has become scarcer in supply,
but it also offers an attractive saving in coBt.
I. t
Particularly in England, considerable work has been done to replace
carnauba wax with blends of other waxes and Aroclors. Much of the
following information about the use of Aroclors for this purpose is
taken from the publication "Carnauba Wax Substitutes" by 0. W. Wood
(Maxwaxa Limited), presented in the Manufacturing Chemist and Manu
facturing Perfumer, March 1948, Volume XIX.
;
The physical properties of Aroclors are given in Monsanto's Techni cal Bulletin No. P-115, "The Aroclors".............. ..........
c? i -II, PROPERTIES OP PURE CARNAUBA WAX - - "
Pure carnauba wax has the following characteristics: ~-
Specific gravity. . .
'"0.99 at 15CY
7-' - Melting point..........................................84.1 - 91C.
Acid value...................................................2.0 - 7.0
Sap. value...................................................78.4 - 88.3 mg. KOH
Although there are several grades of commercial carnauba wax, in general
the following properties are typical:.
.
Specific gravity..................................... O.g/8 at 15C.
Acid value .............................................. Sap. value .............................................. 87I0
Iodine value .......................................... 9.9*
Alcohols
.............................................. 49.22
Melting point of alcohols . . . . 8lC.
Acetyl value .......................................... 122
Hydrocarbons................... .... . . . . Nil
,
These properties indicate to the experienced wax blender that the prepa ration of a worthwhile substitute for carnauba requires the use of unique materials in order to conform with the qualities of the natural wax.
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III. CHARACTERISTICS OF A CARNAUBA WAX ' SUBSTITUTE
The principal requirements of a good carnauba vax substitute are:
: - .. Hardness or penetration value should be at least........... - equal to that of the natural vax. 7- . '
Texture should be homogeneous,"preferably non
--- crystalline and somewhat brittle.
... .. ... .
- - - Melting point should be similar to the natural
"wax end the setting point should not be more than
' about 6C. below this point, otherwise protracted .
- cooling phenomena will be experienced.
'
`
Performance. Especially with respect to physical'
.
- appearance and performance, the substituted wax
composition must possess the working characteristics
of the natural wax with reference to the particular
end use application of the substitute.
IV. PREPARATION OF CARNAUBA VAX
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SUBSTITUTES
""
The early work done both in America and In Europe to" prepare carnauba wax substitutes wa3 based largely on blending materials such as paraf fin wax, ceresin, colophony, montan wax, beeswax, candelilla wax, ozo kerite and shellac wax to arrive at a blend possessing properties
Blmllar to carnauba wax. Like the case of carnauba wax, several of these naturally occurring' substitute materials have increased in price
and have become scarce. Also, with the use of naturally occurring vaxes there has always been the problem of maintaining uniform quality. These factors led to the recent interest in Aroclors as extenders or
substitutes for carnauba wax. A number of suggested blends and the characteristics are given in the following table.
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TABLE I.
COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OP AROCLOR-VAX BLENDS
Ho. (1)
(2)
Parts by Composition Weight - Color -
Aroclor 1268 Aroclor 1242 Carnauba vax
Ceresln Paraffin
5.0
2.5 2.5 1 20.0 1 70.0
Light" Cream
Aroclor 1268
Aroclor 1242
Carnauba Wax
Ceresln
.
Paraffin
10.0
5-0 5.0 1 20.0 I_ 60.0 1
Pale yellov, vhlte '
.._
. Softening
Melting
Texture________ PointPoint
Smooth, hard
58 C.
non-tacky : ;
67.5*C.
Similar to - __ 6p#C._ above *' '
78*C.
Aroclor 1268 19.6
Aroclor 1242
4.9
(3) Carnauba vax 6.8 1 Pale
Similar to
Ceresln
. 19.6 1: . yellov . above ___
Paraffin
49.0
._ 77C,
79C.
Aroclor 1268 30.0
Aroclor 1242 -5.0
(4) Carnauba vax 10.0 1 Pale
` Smooth, hard,
Ceresln
20.0 1 yellov - slightly
Paraffin
35.0
' brittle
78 C.
78 C.
Aroclor 1268 . 35.0
Aroclor 1242 5.0
Carnauba vax 30.0 1 Pale
"SilghtT surface
79C. - ~ 86*C.
Ceresln ~" 20.0 'cream ' crystallinity
Paraffin
10.0
Aroclor 1268
.-
35.0
- . : _ 7*
.- / ; 7 ", : : --. :; j. i --
Aroclor 1242 5.0
(6) Carnauba vax 40.0
Ceresln
20.0
Cream
Similar to above
81 C.
86.5C.
Aroclor 1268 35.0
Aroclor 1242 5.0
(7) Carnauba vax 50.0
Ceresln
10.0
Cream
Smooth, carnauba 8C.5C. ringed surface
88 C.
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It should be noted that a liquid or plasticlzer-type Aroclor such
as Aroclor 1242 Is used In combination with the resinousrtype Aro-
clor 1268. This Is done to enhance the compatibility of the resin
ous type Aroclors with the wax and to increase solubility of the
blend in inexpensive solvents such as mineral spirits. Mixtures
. _of AroclorB 1254 .and 5460 are also suggested for preparing ihe _wax_
" blends.
___
.
A good commercial natural brown grade of ceresin wax 1b incorporated"
" for binding and absorption' of all surplus liquid in the wax blend.
The standard white commercial grade of paraffin wax, melting point __
----- 135o-l40oP. ,-is used ~largely'as~a"filler,; The "type of carnauba wax
used in preparing the blends is prime yellow with a melting point
of 84.5C.
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All of these compositions possess excellent molding properties and
would be entirely suitable for the manufacture of molded products. __
Mixtures No. 5, 6 and 7 can be especially recommended for thiB pur
pose or for electrical insulation work.
Mixture No. 4 is excellent for use in polishes.
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"V. TYPICALFORMULAE"OF"POLISHES
The following are typical formulae for a household polish and a car
polish! _
: . .
\
Household Polish
:j. - Composition
Parts by weight
'it--'-." Composition No. 4 (Table H_.. .
C ?r:; Natural .ozokerite TtL, . . ;.-..
; Paraffin, hard......................... .
----------- -------- Mineral spirits-.'-. .
...
.1 .
326 70
::.
8r' ;
Characteristics. This is a smooth, soft paste possessing very good
polishing properties on wood and linoleum.
_ i.
Car Polish
Composition
. .: Parts by weight
-------:------------- Composition No'. "4 (Table "T) .
Candelllla wax .......... Natural ozokerite ............................ Mineral spirits .................................
15
2 3 80
Characteristics. This is a smooth paste possessing good polishing properties on all automobile paints and on leather upholstery.
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VI. AROCLOR-WAX BLENDS WITHOUT CARNAUBA WAX
Ouricury wax is less expensive than carnauba, generally much harder,
with a melting point of 89-95C. and has equally good luster-
producing properties. The drawbacks of ouricury wax are inorganic
Impurities, chiefly admixed silica, and Its dark color usually ranging
from light chocolate brown to very dark brown.
'
The following formulation Illustrates the replacement of carnauba with a purified commercial grade, medium brown ouricury wax pos sessing a melting point of o9C., acid value 11.0 and saponification
value of 86.1s
Composition
Parts by weight
Aroclor 5460 . Aroclor 1242 . Ouricury wax . o o . . 30
Ceresin . . . Paraffin . . . r _ a . a a .15 . ------
Characteristicss
Color -- _ . ^ _ Light buff.
Texture --
Very smooth, hard.
^..Softening Point -- 60C.
' :
Melting Point - - 78.5C.
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The following car polish was made according to this formulas
Car Polish (Ouricury)--
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" Composition
~ -- Parts by weight ~~ ~
Wax blend (as prepared above) . . 8
Natural ozokerite ................................. 2
Paraffin, hard__. . . ........................10
Aroclor 1242.......................................... 5*
^ Mineral spirits...........................
75*____
Dissolved with agitation before adding to the molten waxes.
(It is noteworthy that aluminum stearate should not be used in this composition.)
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Characteristics:
The color of this composition is a light brownish-tan similar to polishes made from fatty gray carnauba vax. It has good pol ishing properties on all types of surfaces.
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. VII. TOXICOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS;ABOUT ..
::r.
" the use of aroclors ........:.........................
'. In the manufacture-of wax compositions containing Aroclors, pre
cautions should be taken to avoid breathing the vapors from hot
Aroclors. In this connection, the atmosphere of the workroom should
be vented by the use of a suitable exhaust fan in line with ordinary
. and good factory operating practice.
........- ___ ..
Wien Aroclors are used at normal temperatures, usually only normal precautions relative to the handling of chemicals or ordinary clean liness concerning commercial plant practice are followed.
With reference to the normal end use of polishes containing Aroclors
as suggested in the formulations given in this bulletin, it is not
expected that the Aroclors would present a problem of toxicity to
humans. This is based on the following information reported by a
reliable source.
. .
- . It was determined by the skin patch test procedure given by Doctor ~Louis Schwartz and Doctor Samuel M. Peck in Reprint No. 2552 from the
Public Health Reports, Vol. 59, Ho. 17 (April 28, 1944) that cotton fabric coated with Aroelor 5460 and an oil modified alkyd resin in such a manner that each square inch of fabric contained 10.5 mg. of Aroelor 5460, was neither a 3kin irritant nor a sensitizer.
-VIII. GENERAL COMMENTS
1. The use of a selected mixture of Aroclors permits the extension
or substitution of carnauba wax to a substantial amount without
detracting from the desired characteristics.of the finished
polishing wax formulation. This is accomplished at an attrac
tive saving in cost.
.
2. Using a selected mixture of Aroclors and ouricury wax, it is possible to completely eliminate carnauba wax.
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3.~ Polishing compositions of this type are excellent for use on practically all wood, leather, paint and linoleum surfaces.
The Information contained In this bulletin Is to our best
... knowledge true and accurate, but all reconmendatlons or
-
suggestions are made vithout guarantee, since the conditions
of use are beyond our control. Monsanto Chemical Company dls-
_ claims any liability Incurred in connection vlth the use of .
these data or suggestions.
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. Furthermore, nothing contained herein shall be construed as .
a recommendation to use any product In conflict vlth existing
patents covering any material or Its use.
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MONSANTO CHEMICAL COMPANY St. Louis 4, Mo.
Rev York-Chlcago-Boston-Blrmlngham-Charlotte-Cinclnnati-Detroit Cleveland-Phlladelphla-Los Angeles.San Franclsco-Montreal
PCB/rh
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