Document EdnD3DnJRjnx0aYkRBVV591JR

SULLEilt-; Na.. 1. , 6 October 28, 1~ PR!))OSD IU INJIS~ BAN ON AS&STOS IN BRN<E LINI~ theThere has been considerable activity by members of Asbestos Study Commit as regards the proposed Illinois regulations on "Asbestos and Spray Insulation, 1 quote from Fart VII, Section 702 of the reeuldions proposd by the Illinois Pol lution Control Board: WThe use of asbestos in the brake linine of vehicles manufactured aftr Janua~y ,, ,q7~. and sold for use in ll!incrs ts prohibited. In the Board's explanation it notes that the prohibitio~ is worded to avoid th. necessity or fittina vehicles manufactured prior to 1975 with non-asbestos brakes. ~ver, ttr is na question but that tt. ban includes aritinal equi~nt linints, and tl'racan be little doubt.~ that replactnent lininp on these vehicl must aleo be af a non-asbestos type. Further, interpretation or the propoaad rat ulat ions indicates that all vehicles are included: Pusan,.- C.rs, Trudca, orr Hiah Y Equir:--nt, Fara. Tractors and the 1ilea. Also, the Board apparently cauidera "clutch facinp to'be the same brake 1ininp. lhi le the inmediah .rract would be an tno.e 1upplytn; original eouipr~~ent 1 ininp, thl seconaary affect would be f'el by all friction material manufacturers. In t~ Bcard 1s explanation they state: "The5e prohibitions have b..n made with full consioerat1on given to the available alternative materials. articleFsroomr tne lllil'lois interest: hearinis this past month, the Institute hu received sever (1) Jo~s-Msnville memorandum, October 20, 197,, by Aotr. Swetanic sLIIInltrizine tne ChicaiO he&riniJ!Son October 15, 1971. or(2) ~riHen presentation by Dr . F. Pundsack Jahns-Manvili~ as given at the Chic.ap near ings. ()) Or. W. J. Nicholson, Mt. Sinai Hospital, a presentation in support of the Board's regulations, at the Ch1cai0 hearings. (4) Ch~caeo Sun-Times'Oetober .18, 1971 report on th41 Chieaeo hearinis ..,-(S) laukeean newspaper report or October 20, 197, eoncernine the harir j n liaukepn. (6) Johns-Manville memorandum, October 20, 1971, by r. Raines ~rizi the lllauke!ilan hearing on October 19, ,971. Attached to the delegates copies only or this Bulletin are excerpts: (1) Enti liOIIilllliiliillliii a, ica20 Hearings- ~ PLAINTIFF'S ~ EXHIBIT I ~M-JS PLAINTIFF'S b EXHIBIT ~ ll""60) .DO OC27 Cont. inued - _ _ _ - - , - - -~~lllllllllilll-llllllli" PLAINTIFF'S b EXHIBIT i '1'/V-DOtoOlt.f .. dul1etin fL16 -2- October 28, 1971 (2) Entire J-'1 sc.mury or the iaukepn Hear ing5. (3) Paps 20, 21 or Dr. Pundsac:k 1 s presentation at the Chicago Hearings. All those wha ~w,. appeared at the t.ari"l f'eel it is most urgent that the brake linine ~nufacturers advise the Control Board or their, position on this pro- posed ban. It has been lurned that the Control eo.rd was surprised over the lack or response to the brake linina ban f'roa friction ..t.rial manufacturers. Realizint the unreasonable deadline you IIIUSt work apinst, eotml8nts should be ,c;n.in the twnds or the Polhrlion Control Board bv Noyember 10, Please write: Ur. S.-1 T. lawton State or Illinois Pollution Control Board 189 lest U.clison Strt Suite 900 Chicago, Ill ina is 60602 The 001111181\te IIIUSt be your own. .. suaast that the pr i.ary f'orc. or these c:orrnwnh ieht be the lack of' availabiUty of k~ substitutes at this ti. secondary point ilht be that the Federal EPA (Envirorw.nta1 Protection Apncy) is C\Jrrently havine studies made concerni"l the extent or emissions in the pneral an- Y irol"'llent f'rom brake 1i f'H "I' and th... results wi 11 not be known ti 11 aid 1972. Unless you have specific medical backif"ound, we su1pst you not question the propos~ safety sbndards on .asbestos concentrations. Further, as is the case with 4110st government bureaus, any pleadine on cost or economics should be avoided. Please note that the portion or~he proposed regulations tnat we are concerned with at this time is the i8neral environment from brake linine emissions on vehicles in usa. While the in-plant environment is also covered in the proposed regulations, we are advisin{ our members primarily on the_proposed ban on brake linine on vehicles. Should you write Mr. Lawion, it would be appreciated ir you would send a copy to the Institute . tr there are any questions, please eive me a call. E. I. ~islane Executive Secretary Distribution: ActiYe bc=r i'lr. c. J. ,. P".l'. a. 1. !Ullv M:-. Q. L. VU.oa - Pl.t.. I, L\cnm ..Air. S. W l>rial.ae - P!'.SI aJ. -~-J.,~ j.}~...,~., ~ -.- . ello'..:". ~ 1. :.avtcD ~t.e ot n.l.iDcd.a PallRticm Caatral !a.a:rcl 1!9 Wen P'.adi.e:i Strtlft . !-.d\e 900 Odcaro, Il.l1MU 606a2 u a ursa!ac'tc'W at ~. 11:1:;;., S.t ~ u a ~l&t.e mock to ~or~ !en. CCLpCJJ , ti.'l"i.d.G:s ti! 'nle ~i.Joeft=a- ~ I& t=l:Na' ""'"Ce~, too lun at tt. Jft"&&PP8ecl 1:7S ~1aa ot ~ ~" ot uben.o. m tale 'Dnk cat ~ al.c! !ar ae tz:L P,~.ou. n eFa:- a wid~ aU.:Uil1 rei'Jl&t.iaD to han l:lee.J2~oae4 =zs\ Uq t . . baed oa & a~t1al aauat. ~ c!a=Wtc CJTid.e:=e at a =cnequ.iTOe&l. utun. ile -=1:! like toM sa;:~ & 1.1:rt aJ re.tcw::cu or at!ll bnUI' eopiea at all ac:inW1: ctat.a mum~ ,:tro- poaed npl.&UGII wu llued or 1lud u ~ort ~ the w cazs zan nr cnm a.l.TW~ fit ail:!. data liN! lHtr-B cnzr alte~'!.i,.. reaec--h i'~-~t.q. U ~ l'tudi ~fl'f' llllich the J"W;oal.&t1ac.s wa:"e baaed ~au are ,..uinde'M sciS~t1ticalJ:T "li&'bl, t."wza a t.h..~ ye:a ai.til:i pe~ 1a 1:l cpes":icm. Ou JW :rpl.&iA b=v t.he th.....,. !inn n arri'ftcl at mel th t.h1Dk:1Dg &Dd reuoninc !rtf' saeh a dalz;r ~ pw:e pe~t . ite waleS alao like \o h.-.. ud &Talla'bl.a ~'\ Wa:r.ati= r..- euc!inr .uikbl.a &Tail.&~ al~Un ~a "' ~t d&'ta claariar thea "a&t.ariAl.a. Plll"'tha-1 w 1IOUl4 llke t.o He tha a~aUable dat.a 1llh1ch ap;:orta tba alt.e:rut!:q aat.ui&la iA arw J1n1nr t.en.. mab u t~t. a! ~:-t.a'U.aa ~ial.8- ~u aa.s ,.rti:wlt. indoozo ~~ t.ut.a. .... ~~bmW! lika to .,.. that. --rda.-aneH llh.ich w haTe a aDd are anra ol do aot ngH'\ that 'b:nke l.i:Wir r.dai:rr.a eo=- rtint.e mr kftnD health b.ual"'d. 'lh~ars, ,.. tau ~t. t..~e . ;:rcp:tRt rc~U.c11 wlll aat aecapl 1: taet it. i:lt.ezrt. (Ul&~ is, to :wtaca u'best.aa ~ 1a -~iallt. ail') \brGach JCc.b. all ~~ . . lD concl::im au oCacT&ticlll at. tM ;:snsmt tiM i t.h&t. tha prcpos~ n~&t.ioa :vr 'til biased an =n~ed ad ~il!i~ c~:-~~in u-:.a tc vuret 2'.lch er..-naift actica: bT to~ ~:te af pl1noile JC'W!hlka Attachment .. M8R9MONT COR~ORATION November 5, 1971 Mr. Samuel T. Lawmn State of Illinois Pollution Control Board 189 West Madison Street Suite 900 Chicago, Illinois 60602 Dear Mr. Lawton.: I am wrttiDr you to register concern on tbe part of Ma.remont Corpo:atiOn relative to the proposed Illinois t.n on asbestOs in brake l1DJ.ng, effective after january l, 1975. Maremom: currently produces, under tbe bred name "'Grizzly", bods pas senger car and heavy duty vehicle brake lia.Lng far tbe a.fterma.rket and bas been a part of the Friction Material industry for over twenty years. We are most concerned with tbis prop3sed legislation since it ts our combleed technical opinion tha.t there is aot, at the present. time, nor will tnere be in the foreseeable future, a suitable alternative to asbestos in friction material that wW yield the perfcrmaace characteristics required in today' s braking systems. Further, proposed federal improvements in braking systems tc be effective a.fter 1975 will require those maauiactu.rers now participating ia the industry to devote their time and energies to sophisticated improvements within an asbestos based product, making the research for an asbestos substitute a goal beyond the available technical abilities of most maD.Wacturers, sbould that substitute really exist. Mr. Lawton, I would appreciate you:r continued review of the ma.tter and hope that Maremon.t' s concern will be given appropriate coc.sideration. Slncerely, . . ..._; .. f.../'-.~._,j' Andre A. Laus Vice President and General Manager Brake Systems DiVision AAL/gjlc: - AUTO FRICTION COR~. MANUFACTURERS OF BRAKE L.INING Nove=Der 31 1971 Mt. Sa=uel T. Lawton State of Illinois Pollution Control loard 185 West Madison Street Suite 900 Chicago, Illiaais 60602 Dear Mr. IA~an: It has ca.e to .y attention chat the State of Illinois is cansiderinc regulations or legislation which would prohibit the use of asbe~tos in the manufacture of brake linin& for uae ia your State. I also understand, chat there was ~ certain amount oi disap~oint~nt expressed by me=Ders of your &oard that there was a lack of response fram the friction material manufacturers. The reason that ve have not responded before this, is that until ! read a recent article in Cnemical Week Maga~iae, I ~~ not awar~ that regulations or ~egislation vas beina promulJated. l ~y state quite aucciotly two basic abjections to this proposed regulation or legislation on the part of our Company: 1.' There is a complete lack of availability of a known substitute at this time for asbestos in the manufacture of the broaQest range of friction material products for safe anQ acce?ted use in automotive vehicles. 2. 'The Environmenul Protection Agency of the U.S. Government has presently commissioned st~dies to be made concerning the extent of emission in the general environment tram brake linin&. The results of this study will not be reported until lllid 1972. l appreciate this opportunity to inform you of our comments, and remain, Sincerely, AUTO FRICTION CORPORATION Norman Comins Vice President bee: Mr. E. W. &..Sl, New G1ASSBESTDS A. ~AUFACTURU3G ~\ ~lPO!ATIO:i 45 EAST Snc STR'1' II'A.TERSON. NEW JERSEY 07Sa4 - OUA.UTY ~IIJC':'ION MAr"-'ll.U.S SIN:E 1e1 - Nov. S, 1971 sta~e o! Illinois Pollu~ion Con~rol Boar~ 169 Wes~ Madison S~ree~ Sui~e 900 Chicago, Illinois 60602 Att.: Mr. Samuel T. Lawton oentlemer.: As a brake lining mar.u!acturer whose produc~ con~ains asbestos we are much concerne~ over the I~inois Propose~ Ban on Asbes~os in Brake lining, particulated by ?art VII, Section 702 !rom the regula~ions propose~ by the Illinois Pollution con:rol Boi!r~. ou~ company, an~ Dur inaus~ry as an entity, is ae!initely no: ~nterestea in pro~ucing prottucts which will have harmful e~ssion effec~s in the atmosphere. But we ao believe the aoove cited section of the proposed law ~oes no~ have eviaence :o back up i~s .severity---evidence that proves a harmful e~ssion-fac:or as a result of/or because of the asbestos =on:en~ ir. !ric~ion materials. On the basis of reports of testing emissions we believe that although it is within toe po~er of the State of Illinois Pollution ~ontrol.Board ~o have asbestos banned from brake linings, we feel ~ha~ ~o do so would elimina~e an effective and useful brake lining component without justification. We are certain that many of the emission tests have been forwarded to the Board, and that the Board is awa~ of the tests of emissions now being made by the Federal Environmental Pro~ection Agency. We believe that this aata will be most helpful in determining the effects of asbestos-ecissions from use in brake lining, and will es~ablish whether these emissions are of any danger or if they are negligible. '' I GASSBESTOS .'"'\.'' I' i.J v'JAIUFACTURU3G ~5 EAST Snc STJtEET PATEJtSON. NEW JEJtSEY 07SZ4 @JIO:!ATIOll QUAUn' II'JitiCTION MATERIAI..S SINCE ,., .- If the emissions prove to be a harmful pollu"a.n" our COM?&nY will cer"ainlY support your Boar~ in elim1na~ing this hazard. But until reliable evidence suppo:rt.s this possibil!'ty we are reluctant to accep~ any unsupporte~ posi'tion. Our company has been producing brake linings since 1919. (The basic company was f'ormec1 in 1917.) During this span of over 53-yurs we have produced hunc1rec1s of millions or feet of asbes"os brake linings. In our process, we deal closely with raw asbestos fiber. 0! co~-se, we use orotective meas~es in hL~c1ling these ma"erials---as well as other !~ne powaers. We have never had, in our history, a case of asbestosis or anv other asbestos-induced illnes! among any of our personnel. Webelieve this reccr~ is no't uncommon among brake lining ~L~ufacturers. We are aware of "he fact that in other inaustries wno .use asbestos there are systems which ao not control or con"ain the material. However, our chie! concern is with the brake lining indUstry, ana the effects in the atmosphere of the use of asbestos in brake linings. We believe t~at the asbestos is locked-into the brake lining material, and that ~uring its no~al usage the heat of the friction converts any resiaue into an inert non-fibrous material which will now be hazardous in na~ure. We look to your Board !or a full analysis of this matter, and & just Qecision based:upon proved ana repeatable c1awa o! a !actual, non-emotional, nature. Very truly you::-s, BRASSBESTOS MFG. CORPORATION Wn.LIAM SIMON Presid.ent S:g ,~ :..,..... / .. ..,.,,,. i/? - /'.,/. -....- - - / Abex Corporation Researth Center Novc=ber B. 1971 Mr. Surud '!. Lav!:o-a State cf Illinois Pollution Control 189 West ~~dison Street Suit.e 900 Chicago, Illincis 60602 Dur Mr. Lawton: In conjunction with hearinss recen~ly held regarding Aegulation No. 1.71-16 "Asbestos and Spray Insulation" proposed by the Illinois Pollution Control Board, ve believe i~vould be helpful to you to have our comments as a major manufacrurer of fricr:ian material. The Abex Corporation, through its American Brakeblok Division is one of the :ajo~ suppliers of friction material for brake and clutch use in the United St~tes. During 1971, our sales of asbestos contaiuinc friction material ior use in vehicles cperatiD& iD ~he United States will be in excess of 20 million dollars. Ou~ i-ateres!: is specific to Part VII, Section 702 of the pro~osed regulations which st~tes ~ne use of asbestos in ~~e brake lining of vehicles manuf&c:ured after January l, 1975, aud sold- for u.se in Illinois is prohibited". Our cacments are as follcvs: l. Asbestos 'fiber is an i=Dortant component of organic friction material used in brake and clutch facings for vehicles manufactured and used in the United S~&tes. Of knawu !iberous material, asbestos i~&rts unique st~ength and thermal properties to fric:ion lining, in addition to providing unique performance cha=acteristics essential to safe and reliable brakin& and ~lutchin& of vehicles. Z. We are aware of investigations conducted on the nature of vear products from linings in use, as well as the identification of airborne ~articles from operating brakes. Air sample analysis conducted by our Medical Deparc=ent to collect wear product particles during brake operatic~ on our laboratory dynamometers confirms the findings of J. a. Lynch as reported in his sr:udy "Brake Linin& Decoarposition Products" published in the Journal of the Air Pollutio~ Control Association, Vol. 18, No. 12, December, 1968. 3. Abex Corporation, in conjunction with Arthur D. Little, Inc., submitted a te:huical proposal to the Evironmental Protection Agency in respau.e to that agency' 1 request for proposal No. EESD 71-NEC 102 "O:aracteri:ation of Emission fro~ Automobile Brake and Clutch Linin;s". In this way we are well aware of the investigation work now being carried out by the Bendix Mr. Samuel T. Lavton -2- November 8, 1971 Corporation under contract to the tnviraumen:al Protection Agency. ~e understand that results from this can:ract research will not be known until the ~ddle of 1972 at the earliest. It is our opinion that the results of this study will verify &lain tb.at airborne particulate matter from vehicle brakes aDd clutches does not constitute a danaerous baaltb. factor in Orban air pollu:ion. Ve believe that the proposed b&u on lll&mlfacr:ure and use c~ asbestos cantz:.izrl.ug friction 'll&terial is unvarrauted and uzmecessary. 'We reccn~~~~end that Part VII, Section 702 be r-.oved aDd noc cade part of r.,ulatioas prapoaed by the Illinois Pallutiau Coutral Board. Very cruly yours, c. ll. Graham Director Jrictian Materials llesearch GaG: n=p :BC: Messrs.: K. c. :Belury G. L. J.amine F. :a. Herlihy E. B. Feierabend E. w. Drialane, FMSI, Iuc. w. P. llaiues, AlA/North America 8RrTrsH FRICTION MATERIALS CouNCIL ............ ......-.: ..UCI:JI, JIOOCI: CC. C.,.~tw- aee. .-. ..... ,, 99. ALDWYCH LONDON, WC2B 4JY The Secreta:t7, Friction Materiala Standarda lastitute, ~., Y?O Lt%i.Ditcm AYe.m&e r New !ark, M.Y.10017, tJ.S .i. 26th NOYtaber, 197,. Dear Sir, haWe beezt ukec! b,. oar bera iD the Britiah fricticm aateriw i.Ddustry iD the O.K. to pvt tl:lair Yieva. to 7au oas tAt propoaecl Ill.iAoia - -Stue Resul&tiou concenUz:ac u'beatoa azld. u'be"oa Fod.ucta. _We -=loat herewith t~eir comme:ta em the friction material aspect o! these draft Regulations. . We ban Do doubt that the America .li.zzing IIIUW!acturera vill bt making strong repreae:tatiaDa to the IlliDoia authoritiea for amelldme:ta to tile propoaal..a aD4 perhapa ,.ou ccnU.d let ua mow their caa~~~e:ta. We sb.&l.l U.o be s:rattful if ,.au coulll aake our Yitva lmovn u stt out ill t.l:l.i.s enclosure. S.eretariea --~- --...'-...-. .:.- Tne ~ritise f~iction mate~iale iaduatr, vievs with Geep conce:: the propose~ 'be c: the uee or ubutoa iD 'brake lini.rlsa D, the !:i~ate of lllinoi&. lt ~ DOt avare o! a:IJ.1 Mclical evideace that could poaaibl)' juati!)' Euch lelialatian. CD tbe cOAtrar, it would haTe the e!!ect of' vithdrawiD& !rca the aarket :products that were uaed to :prCBOte road a&!ety, vithout producin acy aisni!icact iaprOTeaent iD the leela of urb~ ataoa~e:ic pollutian.. lt woulci expect arJ1 o! tile knCND &lt.cr:a~ina to aabeatoa to proauce reDeral particulate pollutiOD o! a aeuurable amou:t. ,. Whateve~ materials are uaed !or brake li:iDsa the c~eat state of the art ia such that the acticm a! braicizl& vill renerate p:-odccta or wear. Tile ubenoa ccmteat a! ccmventi=t'.: brake liDiAp u elmoat entirel1 caaverted by the actioa or brakiD& iato !oraterite or other ..orpbaua, inert aateriala vhicb are AD lOASe: aabeatoa. O:D the other h&D4, if DOD-ubestoa altenl&tiTea are uaed (e.,. irOD powaer, natered tal, ceruica, ateel wool etc.,) the re.W.t~ wear products vill be .releuecl mach&Dp4. 2. Measurements h_.e beea aade of the ..aaat of free asbestos fibre left ~ 'brake Hnias c:lut. lt ia u illaipi!icact propo:tian of what ia iD err cue a lli.Aute &mOUDt of total dut. :-oe 11110unt of' !ree ubeatoa !ibn thost has been fowad iA brake l~l dust f~ ebiclea, ia about 1~ o! the total ~oducta o! wear. (1). Izuieed estiaatee vary dOVD to 1o-9s/s, i.e. for eacb griUIIDe of' wear :products oDl,1 1o-9 F".... of free aabeatoa aq ~ rema.iA. }. We U.w:lt that tlae r w of CODtrac:t~ M80theliaaa ~ the jlr-i=ipal cau.e of eaYircmaeut&l. concan - there i.a cl:ear~ DO pouibiliir vhat..C' aa a reault of vehicle brak:i.Dc, of a coa:llaJlitr riM of' ube.ta.ia ar l=a c:uc:c, wl:lic:h are aolel1 oc:cu,.tioaal riak&. !"or tecbAical reuoaa ~ ch.rJaotUe ubeatoa is uaed ia the umdactve of tarake liDinp IIZlC diac: 'Drake pa.U. 'rh~ ~. aot tu" tn- cf ubeata. with .vhich aeaotbeliou. hu "been ai.Al1 . . .oc:iatecl. ~. Ke~enta of' cbrJaotile asbestos in the ambient air in aD i.Dciutrial centre iD the thlitecl Kinsdcxa han shown tbat the lenl auat be le.. than 10-? s/a3 bec&Dae or the limitationa of tbe aethod uaacl. Thia 11e&Da that th.,- IIUSt be a tbouaud tilllea lover tban the Britiah Ggyen~~~ent acceptable leYel far occupaticmal ezpo.ure. Curreat iaYestigatiaaa ua~ a more sensitive method in.ciicate lnela of 10-9 to 10-10 ,;~. i.e. 2 or 3 ordera lover still. (2) arElrllkl lilil.Ds veazo cazmot therefore be a aerioua source atao.pheric polluticm. 5. h cme of tl1e lazosest brake testin laboratories iD the warlcl, bouing aaay arnaacxaeters engarecl 2't boura a ci~ ill veariZls ava:t friction aaterials, the averase mcmtbl7 aabeatoa count ia 0.2 !ibrea /c:c, a tenth or the British GOTernment'a occupational at&Diiari. Chryso:iie Asbestos in tir~ar& ..t.J.: TN 111dus&NI usc o( Cftr)'loliie ;u.bc:sros " n~P~:'I~ ane t: orqUCSUOft hcthc: Ill COnc:t\llliiiOft In Uf!MA &IT C'CIUiftUll & hnard hu been r:aiscd. But mc:asu.rmmns of uucslQs 111 1 nc;ar uilGtos facsorin haft pr"'"Cd neptllll't .,UI ~~n:r an:alyUe&l mcthoQ. SO un~~r Ihe lf'OII~IJ) OF lbc Al.onao.: R.~rch UN11Cii t ~ ckftio,lft' a more JCftiiU\'C ttoi!nquc Tnu aniclc as a ~:~rchrnmary ac:c:ount uf lftl csW':'Iaaon 11: c:.hrysOTilc nQr a larrc asb:stos ~s.ulc fa:ory a: 1\a~:nli:..lc l.&ncasha~ There arc SC'\tral unc:nanu:s ID \he u:cnruc:Ut so ~ tn:. c.'recuna 10 o'O&asn onI:-- an orOc:r of lt\llftllUO cs&irNtc. toincnnct:u th15 aould b;~w bea an lm.-:an 6cu~ to t'Y& bc.:ausc or the lac:._ of dau on &nc am.;,ur.1 o ~&os an aar. As 11 Mf!Deno:ci. ~ -ere ani~ abac co cn..-nnn, an upper hmll for tile c:hrysotilc: con:mrauon hCh u;:n:: our 10 De lhrrc orcicn. of nu:n11uoc lmr.cr lh&n &he lh~.,otc .we for cxcup;a&ional cxf'C)Surc set by asbcs&IX rcrsaaa""" Obvious.ly cYCn mo~ ICftSiu,t ac.:NuqYCS arc n:qwi'CQ &ne art now bclnJ Onclopcel We used aft X.ftv diffraction lcd\niouc based oalhc mcu&m: mc:nr or the in&~&eo area Ulldc:r the tO'J21 ,.:U ol ~1.c. n . equipment. whidl COIWSicd or a Ptulli~ 1010 ~&or. a ven.ica1 JQniomacr w.;th a ucp sc:annmc anacnman. anc :a Jftpot1ional c~ancr w.;lh puilc bcJIU ciall:nmicauon. could be rdi.lbt, calibrated dawn to 10 111 or dt".K'lilc C'Diftr!P.nd m:widllhc l to 10 ran~t reponed b)' C:::bte1 U".d ~ aoe- chrcked by essimaunrrhc ma~um conacna or lhe ealibrauon no-mplcs by atom&~ absor~:~uan Spccti"'OI::f'l1 ~hftlta'VOI\~ 1M collc:cuon or airDomc solids from J.OOC.. Ill' l.) oi air by an cicarcsaauc ~cv= CH. l.man S~-sacms Inc.) iD wt.iCII UJI to 10.000 l. men-' aR ctra,n tnrou~il a ZO t \1 c:araaa clictllt~. PanicleS in the a1r ~ ctectrosta&IQIIy prcci~~&&alld OD&oa ~w . and conccntr:ated into - 100 ml. of laauie1.. The col~uon crnacncy acocnas nn \he ~'4iatribllliafo or UIC ~J&rticks :and the samJ'bn: rau.:. but the.- disutbulian c"' daryso&ilc in &he a&mos,hcrc IS not lr.nowa. . Thnan'" Cl&imatcd lhc collcclion cffiacm:y md~ra:tly b)' I'UilftiiiJ U. amyHcr in J~an or the as~os f;aaory heft ~ coranu-t- orUor. asbestos is kn<ft\'ft to OCIC&If (t:i;. l) :and ~ fOUNt I he collcl:zion rfkimcy ao be alii-at ICJO ~' when U. air is ~ a& about2.0D'J ' min-. \iropp.nc ao bc1WCD !Sand 50~~ tb: r:tc of IO.O:JO I. r:ti:1'. ~epcnciinl! on &be actw.l a= 011- .uibuucn pns~~. As "~ wcr. o&lft\tn' :n only ~ oroet of ma~~- .. .. &~ :~r--~~--~----~--_.--~--~~--~~~ ll l l c ~ 6 7 I I JD ,_,....,.... (roJ LI-J Fe. J Oblcrwd amounts or chmcnilil ift 5,CIOD L ot fac:lar7 u. DDII*d at cldicrcat ~aWL ,.... , t~..:.ll.;l\! \'~- ;:-~ ,_~\~:.:;:;; \", ...,., C..I'IOillO~; Oo~tt!l; "'~"C Da~e C1970i Sue WJDCI W~aU~U Aori1 Zl April)' AJ7rii %7 Al'ril2f May6 MIJU May21 MaJll Ml1l0 MarlO Juae3 JuneiO June 10 O:aoacr ll Octot.=t %3 Octo:.r23 Octoller 15 O:ro!l:ll Caol:lcr ll I I uI t sJ I uacl l ~ o-a.a2 !\W ..~,... SW WIPI NE nlG.1Craut SW IMUcra&C llfaftC N frail Wbpa \\' h~lll w b~;nt w Jr~ll: sw h,rtll l,km deNt Cii'OW\.1 Ill Ci"'Wd 11:11/l GrounctN.a .Growultaa CirDUIIod o-asc.4uli O.VC..4ull O...rast. dul! ~\.hll 2 zJ J sw sw &hCftl U&r.na w moacnac W m.lGcr:nc Hc&llt.ul Heat bul l.nMnaoud hEat clouci a,uaJ w~ac II'Qkm riaud J N la~lll cloald J NJi~U~: ~Ciaud 1 N bCJR aro&aaaud aude auasment or asbalos iD urtlu air, ,.. 'IIIIR prcp:ared to accept tius UIICC".'ailll)' ill tbc c:olle:lioa dlil::iiKJ. Tac map CFiJ.lJ and Table l ahnw the )oc:atioD of tbc umpl- in: sncs and the conditions in which the sa~--. obcaiDccL Tnc facaory is 111 a bollow. and sam::!inJ lila No. lis at U. same Dcilftl as U. roo! of tbe filter ~. wbicb is &be chie( air oullet fr.xD tbc faQCr.J. Sama:Wn; lite No. J is Uout lO foot hilhcr UWl si1c No. 1. Sites l &Del wa"l ill Cbe ..,._ or ~ lite 3 Danl about s kiD upwia4 ot tbe f&c:larJ aad site 4 bcin' about 300 m oownwiDd. AU u. dilfracuo:s U"&CD liar cumplc, Fa;. 3) caznainedS&I'Oftl: baa orkaolinite ami quanz. probably from tbe la:al soil, whic:t made tbc &~SCSSZ~~CDt or ~Uie clilTic:ult because the broad (OOJ) liM of kaobDilc n.JI A) c dose tO Ulcmajar{OQ2)- of ~ (7.36 A). Fonwuucty c:hr)osodle is casik c:tcc:om-= mJ'OICd by boiliDJ J N hyQrocbloric ac:id Willftas .ltaol.initt is unallce~ed, so. it should b: possible to rncasura tD: amawt .or c:ftmotilc pmaat by s:~hje:ur.r tbc ampla ao acid lcacftina &Dd JIIC&SUrinJ \be COiitlj)O~clull rccluc:boa or tbc illteasary of U. CICIIIIJ=Site X-ray band. The fact uw Ibis pracaa led to DO rcGUCliODS in bud intensity for U)' of lbc l&lllp6a inciated tbat abc UIOllllt uf.cbr)olotilc , _ t wu bdow our daecz1011 bmit. nneWe ou;ht to been blc to dacct 10 PI oC cbr)osotilc ~ it.sd!, but c:iartr Ulc pr"C:ICZIC of k&olWtc mar ba~ Rduced tbe ~- But the addition of 100 PI ol'~ to colka&d samples could cu.ily be dcttc:led. 10 -. caa sa t 1aiOUT IUipia coDected fiOffl 1.000 1111 or au CDmaiaed 11 JCIO 111 of chrysoWe- o&bcr wonls. theft Ma Uaut 0.1 of c:lu)tloWc JIG' m' Dim. The uu.nold J.imirlor~uc ..CZpaiUft b7 U. JttiJ A&beaas R.qula~ is CU-t ... . .... FiJ. 3 X-ny cliffraczi0u11. panrm from a tJPica1 ll~ {&CICif). dUll ..,... . ~a . - - -- ..l'i:. 2 P\a11 ot T.B.A. f.aaor,. Rochdal:. -T.he. s.ar..:.~.lz-r.:; ;i1cs A JDOre semi\M method for numatin: ~tile isaquir ud 'W arc Oc\'C.Iopin: a tedulique based oa dcc:atan .nuc II:DPJ. Prelimiaary CGma'nations UDOcr lbe cllaraD 'lllic II:D,C of samples c:ollcclcd by lhe utton sarDJNr:r indica~& r the aaual ~We ieYet wnay tc a f;an)lcr ~ onicn macuitudc beicnv u. X-ay cScu:cun 1aDit (&bll il. t. 0.1 Dl). orThe samJtles haw so fu been collected in 1M delle 'lici1 lhe R.odlci.lle C&C\01')'. lt is now proposed lO sa.... a&; a::naia rcoresauau~ urb.uJ an4 naraJ loc:aUoal ia UK ' es\im.IIC thcar ciuysotUc CODu:nL A,. J.. 'JhC:CAID D.V.'BADUIII T , htir6z .uhat.., C. 1.11/, 1'0 Doz <10, ANMk. lA/fmain J.caiwd April Jl; moiscd Scptcmb: ll, lf7l. 1 O.Wc, J. 'Y., A-. 1114. JJ...,. A.IIK. J., !7, 2fJ ffK6). . 1 r'" ..:Sr....,bl-r IUOnto1 D:ut , .... ,! - ~ C...8. 1'1r..'r.r!"e.'.".'",'",' ,L.l,..-,r~c~J-a-1-w-A,*..